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[debian/splat] / docs / postscript / splat.ps

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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10.95
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.219(NA)72 84 S(ME).219 E F0(splat \255 A)108 96 Q/F2
10/Times-Bold@0 SF(S)2.5 E F0(ignal)A F2(P)2.5 E F0(ropag)A(ation,)-.05
E F2(L)2.5 E F0(oss,)A F2(A)2.5 E F0(nd)A F2(T)2.5 E F0
(errain analysis tool)A F1(SYNOPSIS)72 112.8 Q F0 .675(splat [-t)108
124.8 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(tr)3.175 E(ansmitter_site)-.15 E(.qth)
-.15 E F0 3.174(][)C(-r)-3.174 E F3 -.37(re)3.174 G(ceiver_site).37 E
(.qth)-.15 E F0 3.174(][)C(-c)-3.174 E F3(rx_antenna_height_for_los_co)
3.174 E(ver)-.1 E -.1(age)-.15 G .674(_analysis \(feet\)).1 F
(\(\215oat\))108 136.8 Q F0 4.38(][)C(-L)-4.38 E F3
(rx_antenna_height_for_Longle)4.38 E(y-Rice_co)-.3 E(ver)-.1 E -.1(age)
-.15 G 1.88(_analysis \(feet\) \(\215oat\)).1 F F0 4.38(][)C(-p)-4.38 E
F3(terr)4.38 E(ain_pr)-.15 E(o\214le)-.45 E(.e)-.15 E(xt)-.2 E F0(])A
([-e)108 148.8 Q F3(ele)5.543 E(vation_pr)-.15 E(o\214le)-.45 E(.e)-.15
E(xt)-.2 E F0 5.543(][)C(-h)-5.543 E F3(height_pr)5.543 E(o\214le)-.45 E
(.e)-.15 E(xt)-.2 E F0 5.543(][)C(-l)-5.543 E F3(Longle)5.543 E
(y-Rice_pr)-.3 E(o\214le)-.45 E(.e)-.15 E(xt)-.2 E F0 5.543(][)C(-o)
-5.543 E F3(topo)5.542 E(gr)-.1 E(aphic_map_\214le-)-.15 E(name)108
160.8 Q(.ppm)-.15 E F0 5.196(][)C(-b)-5.196 E F3(carto)5.196 E(gr)-.1 E
(aphic_boundary_\214lename)-.15 E(.dat)-.15 E F0 5.197(][)C(-s)-5.197 E
F3(site/city_database)5.197 E(.dat)-.15 E F0 5.197(][)C(-d)-5.197 E F3
(sdf_dir)5.197 E(ectory_path)-.37 E F0(])A([-m)108 172.8 Q F3(earth_r)
2.5 E(adius_multiplier \(\215oat\))-.15 E F0 2.5(][)C(-R)-2.5 E F3
(maximum_co)2.5 E(ver)-.1 E -.1(age)-.15 G(_r).1 E(ang)-.15 E 2.5(e\()
-.1 G(for -c or -L\) \(miles\) \(\215oat\))-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C(-n] [-N])
-2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 189.6 Q F2(SPLA)108 201.6 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 1.588
(is a simple, yet po)4.088 F 1.588
(werful terrain analysis tool written for Unix and Linux-based w)-.25 F
(orkstations.)-.1 E F2(SPLA)108 213.6 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .053(is free softw)
2.553 F 2.553(are. Redistrib)-.1 F .053(ution and/or modi\214cation is \
permitted under the terms of the GNU Gen-)-.2 F .906
(eral Public License as published by the Free Softw)108 225.6 R .906
(are F)-.1 F .906(oundation, either v)-.15 F .906
(ersion 2 of the License or an)-.15 F(y)-.15 E .622(later v)108 237.6 R
3.122(ersion. Adoption)-.15 F(of)3.123 E F2(SPLA)3.123 E(T!)-.95 E F0
.623(source code in proprietary or closed-source applications is a viol\
ation)3.123 F(of this license, and is)108 249.6 Q F2(strictly)2.5 E F0
(forbidden.)2.5 E F2(SPLA)108 273.6 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .531(is distrib)3.031
F .531(uted in the hope that it will be useful, b)-.2 F .53
(ut WITHOUT ANY W)-.2 F(ARRANTY)-1.2 E 3.03(,w)-1.29 G .53(ithout e)
-3.03 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E .959(the implied w)108 285.6 R .959
(arranty of MERCHANT)-.1 F .959(ABILITY or FITNESS FOR A P)-.93 F(AR)
-.92 E .96(TICULAR PURPOSE. See the)-.6 F
(GNU General Public License for more details.)108 297.6 Q F1(INTR)72
314.4 Q(ODUCTION)-.329 E F2(SPLA)108 326.4 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .769
(is a terrestrial RF propag)3.269 F .768
(ation analysis tool for the spectrum between 20 MHz and 20 GHz, and)
-.05 F(pro)108 338.4 Q 1.482(vides information of interest to communica\
tion system designers and site engineers.)-.15 F F2(SPLA)6.483 E(T!)-.95
E F0(deter)3.983 E(-)-.2 E .263
(mines great circle distances and bearings between sites, antenna ele)
108 350.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .263
(tion angles \(uptilt\), depression angles).25 F(\(do)108 362.4 Q 1.197
(wntilt\), antenna height abo)-.25 F 1.497 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.197
(ean sea le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.197(l, antenna height abo).15 F 1.497
-.15(ve a)-.15 H -.15(ve)-.05 G 1.197(rage terrain, bearings and dis-)
.15 F .039(tances to kno)108 374.4 R .039(wn obstructions, Longle)-.25 F
.038
(y-Rice path loss, and minimum antenna height requirements needed to)
-.15 F 2.721(establish line-of-sight communication paths absent of obst\
ructions due to terrain.)108 386.4 R F2(SPLA)7.721 E(T!)-.95 E F0
(produces)5.221 E .242(reports, graphs, and highly detailed and careful\
ly annotated topographic maps depicting line-of-sight paths,)108 398.4 R
.068(path loss, and e)108 410.4 R .068(xpected co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
.068(rage areas of transmitters and repeater systems.).15 F .069
(When performing line-of-sight)5.069 F .794(analysis in situations wher\
e multiple transmitter or repeater sites are emplo)108 422.4 R(yed,)-.1
E F2(SPLA)3.294 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .793(determines indi-)3.293 F
(vidual and mutual areas of co)108 434.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G
(rage within the netw).15 E(ork speci\214ed.)-.1 E F2(SPLA)108 458.4 Q
(T!)-.95 E F0 1.523(operates in tw)4.023 F 4.023(om)-.1 G(odes:)-4.023 E
F3 1.523(point-to-point mode)4.023 F F0 4.024(,a)C(nd)-4.024 E F3(ar)
4.024 E 1.524(ea pr)-.37 F 1.524(ediction mode)-.37 F F0 6.524(.T)C
1.524(hese modes may be)-6.524 F(in)108 470.4 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
3.084(du).1 G .583(sing either line-of-sight \(LOS\) or Irre)-3.084 F
.583(gular T)-.15 F .583(errain \(ITM\) propag)-.7 F .583(ation models.)
-.05 F -.35(Tr)5.583 G .583(ue Earth, four).35 F(-)-.2 E .243
(thirds Earth, or an)108 482.4 R 2.743(yo)-.15 G .243(ther Earth radius\
 may be speci\214ed by the user when performing line-of-sight analysis.)
-2.743 F F1(INPUT FILES)72 499.2 Q F2(SPLA)108 511.2 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .682
(is a command-line dri)3.182 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.182(na).15 G .682
(pplication, and reads input data through a number of data \214les.)
-3.182 F(Each)5.681 E 1.188(has its o)108 523.2 R 1.188(wn format.)-.25
F 1.189(Some \214les are mandatory for successful e)6.188 F -.15(xe)-.15
G 1.189(cution of the program, while others are).15 F 2.95
(optional. Mandatory)108 535.2 R .45(\214les include SPLA)2.95 F 2.95
(TD)-1.11 G .449(ata Files \(SDF \214les\), site location \214les \(QTH\
 \214les\), and Long-)-2.95 F(le)108 547.2 Q .681
(y-Rice model parameter \214les \(LRP \214les\).)-.15 F .682
(Optional \214les include city/site location \214les, and cartographic)
5.681 F(boundary \214les.)108 559.2 Q F1(SPLA)72 576 Q 2.738(TD)-1.04 G
-1.644 -1.04(AT A)-3.121 H(FILES)3.778 E F2(SPLA)108 588 Q(T!)-.95 E F0
.65(imports topographic data in the form of SPLA)3.15 F 3.15(TD)-1.11 G
.65(ata Files \(SDFs\) that may be generated from a)-3.15 F .621
(number of information sources.)108 600 R .622
(In the United States, SPLA)5.622 F 3.122(TD)-1.11 G .622
(ata Files are most often deri)-3.122 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.122(df).15 G
.622(rom U.S.)-3.122 F 1.54(Geological Surv)108 612 R 1.84 -.15(ey D)
-.15 H 1.539(igital Ele).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.539
(tion Models \(DEMs\) using the).25 F F2(usgs2sdf)4.039 E F0 1.539
(utility included with)4.039 F F2(SPLA)4.039 E(T!)-.95 E F0(.)A 1.47
(USGS Digital Ele)108 624 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.47
(tion Models compatible with this utility are a).25 F -.25(va)-.2 G
1.471(ilable at no cost via the Internet at:).25 F F3(http://edcsgs9.cr)
108 636 Q(.usgs.go)-1.11 E(v/glis/hyper/guide/1_dgr_dem\214g/inde)-.1 E
(x1m.html)-.2 E F0(.)A(SPLA)108 660 Q 2.646(TD)-1.11 G .146
(ata Files contain topographic ele)-2.646 F -.25(va)-.25 G .146
(tions to the nearest meter abo).25 F .445 -.15(ve m)-.15 H .145
(ean sea le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.645(lf).15 G .145(or 1-de)-2.645 F
.145(gree by)-.15 F(1-de)108 672 Q .812(gree re)-.15 F .812
(gions of the earth with a resolution of 3-arc seconds.)-.15 F .813
(SDF \214les can be read in either standard)5.812 F .579(format \()108
684 R F3(.sdf)A F0 3.079(\)a)C 3.079(sg)-3.079 G .579(enerated by the)
-3.079 F F2(usgs2sdf)3.079 E F0(utility)3.079 E 3.079(,o)-.65 G 3.079
(ri)-3.079 G 3.079(nb)-3.079 G .578(zip2 compressed format \()-3.079 F
F3(.sdf)A(.bz2)-.15 E F0 3.078(\). Since)B(uncom-)3.078 E .183
(pressed \214les can be slightly f)108 696 R .183
(aster to load than compressed \214les,)-.1 F F2(SPLA)2.684 E(T!)-.95 E
F0 .184(searches for the needed SDF data)2.684 F .091
(in uncompressed format \214rst.)108 708 R .091
(If such data cannot located, then)5.091 F F2(SPLA)2.591 E(T!)-.95 E F0
.09(tries to read the data in bzip2 com-)2.59 F .91(pressed format.)108
720 R .91(If no compressed SDF \214les can be found for the re)5.91 F
.91(gion requested,)-.15 F F2(SPLA)3.41 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .91(assumes the)
3.41 F(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 126.62(are 20)-.1 F(January 2004)2.5 E(1)
195.95 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E(re)108 84 Q .937
(gion is o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.437(rw).15 G .937
(ater or outside the United States, and will assign an ele)-3.537 F -.25
(va)-.25 G .936(tion of sea-le).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.436(lt).15 G 3.436
(ot)-3.436 G .936(hese areas.)-3.436 F 1.061(This feature of)108 96 R/F1
10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)3.561 E(T!)-.95 E F0(mak)3.561 E 1.061
(es it possible to perform path analysis not only o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
3.561(rl).15 G 1.062(and, b)-3.561 F 1.062(ut also between)-.2 F 1.389
(coastal areas not represented by USGS Digital Ele)108 108 R -.25(va)
-.25 G 1.389(tion Model Data since the).25 F 3.889(ya)-.15 G 1.388
(re de)-3.889 F -.2(vo)-.25 G 1.388(id of an).2 F 3.888(yl)-.15 G(and)
-3.888 E 2.501(masses. Ho)108 120 R(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .801 -.4
(r, t).15 H .001(his beha).4 F .001(vior of)-.2 F F1(SPLA)2.501 E(T!)
-.95 E F0 .001(underscores the importance of ha)2.501 F .002
(ving all the SDF \214les required)-.2 F(for the re)108 132 Q
(gion being analyzed if meaningful results are to be e)-.15 E(xpected.)
-.15 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SITE LOCA)72 148.8 Q(TION \(QTH\) FILES)
-1.04 E F1(SPLA)108 160.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .839
(imports site location information of transmitter and recei)3.339 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.338(rs).15 G .838(ites analyzed by the program from)-3.338
F 1.963(ASCII \214les ha)108 172.8 R 1.963(ving a)-.2 F/F3 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(.qth)4.463 E F0 -.15(ex)4.464 G 4.464(tension. QTH)
.15 F 1.964(\214les contain the site')4.464 F 4.464(sn)-.55 G 1.964
(ame, the site')-4.464 F 4.464(sl)-.55 G 1.964(atitude \(in de)-4.464 F
(grees)-.15 E .744(North\), the site')108 184.8 R 3.244(sl)-.55 G .744
(ongitude \(in de)-3.244 F .744(grees W)-.15 F .744
(est\), and the site')-.8 F 3.244(sa)-.55 G .744(ntenna height abo)
-3.244 F 1.043 -.15(ve g)-.15 H .743(round le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.243
(l\().15 G -.4(AG)-3.243 G 3.243(L\). A).4 F .305
(single line-feed character separates each \214eld.)108 196.8 R .305
(The antenna height is assumed to be speci\214ed in feet unless)5.305 F
(follo)108 208.8 Q .402(wed by the letter)-.25 F F3(m)2.902 E F0 .402
(or the w)2.902 F(ord)-.1 E F3(meter)2.902 E(s)-.1 E F0 .402
(in either upper or lo)2.902 F .401(wer case.)-.25 F .401
(Latitude and longitude informa-)5.401 F .548(tion may be e)108 220.8 R
.548(xpressed in either decimal format \(74.6889\) or de)-.15 F .548
(gree, minute, second \(DMS\) format \(74 41)-.15 F(20.0\).)108 232.8 Q
-.15(Fo)108 256.8 S 3.356(re).15 G .856
(xample, a site location \214le describing tele)-3.506 F .856
(vision station WNJT)-.25 F 3.356(,T)-.74 G .856(renton, NJ \()-3.706 F
F3(wnjt.qth)A F0 3.356(\)m)C .856(ight read as)-3.356 F(follo)108 268.8
Q(ws:)-.25 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(WNJT)156 292.8 Q(40.2833)156 304.8 Q
(74.6889)156 316.8 Q(990.00)156 328.8 Q F0 .23
(Each transmitter and recei)108 352.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.73(rs).15 G .23
(ite analyzed by)-2.73 F F1(SPLA)2.73 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .23
(must be represented by its o)2.73 F .23(wn site location \(QTH\))-.25 F
(\214le.)108 364.8 Q F2(LONGLEY)72 381.6 Q(-RICE P)-1.007 E
(ARAMETER \(LRP\) FILES)-.81 E F1(SPLA)108 393.6 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .058
(imports Longle)2.558 F .058
(y-Rice model parameter data from \214les ha)-.15 F .057
(ving the same base name as the transmit-)-.2 F 1.504
(ter site QTH \214le, b)108 405.6 R 1.504(ut carrying a)-.2 F F3(.lrp)
4.005 E F0 -.15(ex)4.005 G 1.505(tension, thus pro).15 F 1.505
(viding simple and accurate correlation between)-.15 F
(these associated data sets.)108 417.6 Q(The format for the Longle)5 E
(y-Rice model parameter \214les is as follo)-.15 E(ws \()-.25 E F3
(wnjt.lrp)A F0(\):)A F4 6(15.000 ;)156 441.6 R
(Earth Dielectric Constant \(Relative permittivity\))6 E 12(0.005 ;)156
453.6 R(Earth Conductivity \(Siemens per meter\))6 E
(301.000 ; Atmospheric Bending Constant \(N-units\))156 465.6 Q
(700.000 ; Frequency in MHz \(20 MHz to 20 GHz\))156 477.6 Q 42(5;)156
489.6 S(Radio Climate \(5 = Continental Temperate\))-36 E 42(0;)156
501.6 S(Polarization \(0 = Horizontal, 1 = Vertical\))-36 E 24(0.5 ;)156
513.6 R(Fraction of situations \(50% of locations\))6 E 24(0.5 ;)156
525.6 R(Fraction of time \(50% of the time\))6 E F0 .771(If an LRP \214\
le corresponding to the tx_site QTH \214le cannot be found,)108 549.6 R
F1(SPLA)3.27 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .77(scans the current w)3.27 F(orking)-.1 E
.085(directory for the \214le "splat.lrp".)108 561.6 R .085
(If this \214le cannot be found, then the def)5.085 F .085
(ault parameters listed abo)-.1 F .385 -.15(ve w)-.15 H .085(ill be).15
F .528(assigned by)108 573.6 R F1(SPLA)3.028 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .527(and a \
corresponding "splat.lrp" \214le containing this data will be written t\
o the current)3.028 F -.1(wo)108 585.6 S(rking directory).1 E(.)-.65 E
-.8(Ty)108 609.6 S(pical Earth dielectric constants and conducti).8 E
(vity v)-.25 E(alues are as follo)-.25 E(ws:)-.25 E F4
(Dielectric Constant)270 633.6 Q(Conductivity)12 E(Salt water)156 645.6
Q 48(:8)42 G 96(05)-48 G(.000)-96 E(Good ground)156 657.6 Q 48(:2)36 G
96(50)-48 G(.020)-96 E(Fresh water)156 669.6 Q 48(:8)36 G 96(00)-48 G
(.010)-96 E(Marshy land)156 681.6 Q 48(:1)36 G 96(20)-48 G(.007)-96 E
(Farmland, forest :)156 693.6 Q 90(15 0.005)48 F(Average ground)156
705.6 Q 48(:1)18 G 96(50)-48 G(.005)-96 E(Mountain, sand)156 717.6 Q 48
(:1)18 G 96(30)-48 G(.002)-96 E 72(City :)156 729.6 R 96(50)54 G(.001)
-96 E F0(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 126.62(are 20)-.1 F(January 2004)2.5 E(2)
195.95 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF
(Poor ground)156 84 Q -18 54(:4 0)36 H(.001)-54 E F0
(Radio climate codes used by)108 108 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)2.5 E
(T!)-.95 E F0(are as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1(1: Equatorial \(Congo\))
156 132 Q(2: Continental Subtropical \(Sudan\))156 144 Q
(3: Maritime Subtropical \(West coast of Africa\))156 156 Q
(4: Desert \(Sahara\))156 168 Q(5: Continental Temperate)156 180 Q
(6: Maritime Temperate, over land \(UK and west coasts of US & EU\))156
192 Q(7: Maritime Temperate, over sea)156 204 Q F0 1.487
(The Continental T)108 228 R 1.486(emperate climate is common to lar)-.7
F 1.486(ge land masses in the temperate zone, such as the)-.18 F .756
(United States.)108 240 R -.15(Fo)5.756 G 3.256(rp).15 G .756
(aths shorter than 100 km, there is little dif)-3.256 F .756
(ference between Continental and Maritime)-.25 F -.7(Te)108 252 S
(mperate climates.).7 E .379(The \214nal tw)108 276 R 2.879(op)-.1 G
.379(arameters in the)-2.879 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(.lrp)2.879 E F0
.379(\214le correspond to the statistical analysis pro)2.879 F .378
(vided by the Longle)-.15 F(y-Rice)-.15 E 2.537(model. In)108 288 R .037
(this e)2.537 F(xample,)-.15 E F2(SPLA)2.537 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .038(will r\
eturn the maximum path loss occurring 50% of the time \(fraction of)
5.037 F .316(time\) in 50% of situations \(fraction of situations\).)108
300 R .315(Use a fraction of time parameter of 0.97 for digital tele-)
5.316 F(vision, 0.50 for analog in the United States.)108 312 Q
(Isotropic antennas are assumed.)5 E -.15(Fo)108 336 S 3.03(rf).15 G .53
(urther information on these parameters, see:)-3.03 F F3
(http://elbert.its.bldr)3.03 E(doc.go)-.37 E(v/itm.html)-.1 E F0(and)
3.03 E F3(http://www)3.03 E(.soft-)-.74 E(wright.com/faq/engineering/pr)
108 348 Q(op_longle)-.45 E(y_rice)-.3 E(.html)-.15 E/F4 10.95
/Times-Bold@0 SF(CITY LOCA)72 364.8 Q(TION FILES)-1.04 E F0 .807
(The names and locations of cities, to)108 376.8 R .807
(wer sites, or other points of interest may imported and be plotted on)
-.25 F .797(topographic maps generated by)108 388.8 R F2(SPLA)3.297 E
(T!)-.95 E F0(.)A F2(SPLA)5.797 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .797
(imports the names of cities and locations from ASCII)3.297 F .191
(\214les containing the location')108 400.8 R 2.691(sn)-.55 G .191
(ame, the location')-2.691 F 2.691(sl)-.55 G .191
(atitude, and the location')-2.691 F 2.69(sl)-.55 G 2.69(ongitude. Each)
-2.69 F .19(\214eld is sepa-)2.69 F .513(rated by a comma.)108 412.8 R
.513(Each record is separated by a single line feed character)5.513 F
5.514(.A)-.55 G 3.014(sw)-5.514 G .514(as the case with the)-3.114 F F3
(.qth)3.014 E F0 .259(\214les, latitude and longitude information may b\
e entered in either decimal or de)108 424.8 R .258
(gree, minute, second \(DMS\))-.15 F(format.)108 436.8 Q -.15(Fo)108
460.8 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample \()-2.65 E F3(cities.dat)A F0(\):)A F1
(Teaneck, 40.891973, 74.014506)156 484.8 Q
(Tenafly, 40.919212, 73.955892)156 496.8 Q
(Teterboro, 40.859511, 74.058908)156 508.8 Q
(Tinton Falls, 40.279966, 74.093924)156 520.8 Q
(Toms River, 39.977777, 74.183580)156 532.8 Q
(Totowa, 40.906160, 74.223310)156 544.8 Q(Trenton, 40.219922, 74.754665)
156 556.8 Q F0 2.74(At)108 580.8 S .24(otal of \214v)-2.74 F 2.74(es)
-.15 G .24(eparate city data \214les may be imported at a time.)-2.74 F
.241(There is no limit to the size of these \214les.)5.241 F F2(SPLA)108
592.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 1.056(reads city data sequentially)3.556 F 3.556
(,a)-.65 G 1.055
(nd plots only those locations whose positions do not con\215ict with)
-3.556 F(pre)108 604.8 Q
(viously plotted locations when generating topographic maps.)-.25 E .996
(City data \214les may be generated manually using an)108 628.8 R 3.496
(yt)-.15 G -.15(ex)-3.496 G 3.496(te).15 G(ditor)-3.496 E 3.496(,i)-.4 G
.997(mported from other sources, or deri)-3.496 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(d).15 E
1.535(from data a)108 640.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.535
(ilable from the U.S. Census Bureau using the).25 F F2(citydecoder)4.035
E F0 1.535(utility included with)4.035 F F2(SPLA)4.035 E(T!)-.95 E F0(.)
A .152(Such data is a)108 652.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .153
(ilable free of char).25 F .153(ge via the Internet at:)-.18 F F3
(http://www)2.653 E(.census.go)-.74 E(v/g)-.1 E
(eo/www/cob/bdy_\214les.html)-.1 E F0(,)A(and must be in ASCII format.)
108 664.8 Q F4(CAR)72 681.6 Q -.197(TO)-.438 G(GRAPHIC BOUND).197 E(AR)
-.383 E 2.738(YD)-.383 G -1.644 -1.04(AT A)-3.121 H(FILES)3.778 E F0
1.17(Cartographic boundary data may also be imported to plot the bounda\
ries of cities, counties, or states on)108 693.6 R .071
(topographic maps generated by)108 705.6 R F2(SPLA)2.571 E(T!)-.95 E F0
5.071(.S)C .071
(uch data must be of the form of ARC/INFO Ungenerate \(ASCII)-5.071 F
-.15(Fo)108 717.6 S 1.262
(rmat\) Metadata Cartographic Boundary Files, and are a).15 F -.25(va)
-.2 G 1.262(ilable from the U.S.).25 F 1.262(Census Bureau via the)6.262
F 48.573(Internet at:)108 729.6 R F3(http://www)51.073 E(.census.go)-.74
E(v/g)-.1 E(eo/www/cob/co2000.html#ascii)-.1 E F0(and)51.074 E
(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 126.62(are 20)-.1 F(January 2004)2.5 E(3)195.95 E
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0
SF(http://www)108 84 Q(.census.go)-.74 E(v/g)-.1 E
(eo/www/cob/pl2000.html#ascii)-.1 E F0 5.008(.A)C .008(total of \214v)
-2.5 F 2.507(es)-.15 G .007(eparate cartographic boundary \214les)-2.507
F .196(may be imported at a time.)108 96 R .196
(It is not necessary to import state boundaries if county boundaries ha)
5.196 F .497 -.15(ve a)-.2 H(lready).15 E(been imported.)108 108 Q/F2
10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 124.8 Q(OGRAM OPERA)-.329 E(TION)-1.04 E/F3
10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)108 136.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 1.03(is in)3.53 F -.2
(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.53(dv).1 G 1.03
(ia the command-line using a series of switches and ar)-3.53 F 3.53
(guments. Since)-.18 F F3(SPLA)3.53 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.03(is a)3.53 F .023
(CPU and memory intensi)108 148.8 R .323 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .023
(pplication, this type of interf).15 F .023(ace minimizes o)-.1 F -.15
(ve)-.15 G .024(rhead, and also lends itself well).15 F .106
(to scripted operations.)108 160.8 R F3(SPLA)5.106 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.206
-.55('s C)D .106
(PU and memory scheduling priority may be adjusted through the use of)
.55 F(the Unix)108 172.8 Q F3(nice)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .225
(The number and type of switches passed to)108 196.8 R F3(SPLA)2.725 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 .226(determine its mode of operation and method of output)
2.725 F .008(data generation.)108 208.8 R .008(Nearly all of)5.008 F F3
(SPLA)2.508 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.108 -.55('s s)D .008
(witches may be cascaded in an).55 F 2.507(yo)-.15 G .007
(rder on the command line when)-2.507 F(in)108 220.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(kin\
g the program to include all the features described by those switches w\
hen performing an analysis.).2 E F2(POINT)72 237.6 Q(-T)-1.007 E
(O-POINT AN)-.197 E(AL)-.219 E(YSIS)-1.007 E F3(SPLA)108 249.6 Q(T!)-.95
E F0 1.224
(may be used to perform line-of-sight terrain analysis between tw)3.724
F 3.725(os)-.1 G 1.225(peci\214ed site locations.)-3.725 F -.15(Fo)6.225
G(r).15 E -.15(ex)108 261.6 S(ample:).15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF
(splat -t tx_site.qth -r rx_site.qth)108 285.6 Q F0(in)108 309.6 Q -.2
(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.833(sat).1 G 3.332
(errain analysis between the transmitter speci\214ed in)-5.833 F F1
(tx_site)5.832 E(.qth)-.15 E F0 3.332(and recei)5.832 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
5.832(rs).15 G 3.332(peci\214ed in)-5.832 F F1(rx_site)108 321.6 Q(.qth)
-.15 E F0 2.858(,a)C .358(nd writes a)-2.858 F F3(SPLA)2.858 E(T!)-.95 E
F0 .359(Obstruction Report to the current w)2.858 F .359
(orking directory)-.1 F 5.359(.T)-.65 G .359(he report contains)-5.359 F
.767(details of the transmitter and recei)108 333.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.267(rs).15 G .767(ites, and identi\214es the location of an)-3.267 F
3.266(yo)-.15 G .766(bstructions detected during)-3.266 F .627
(the analysis.)108 345.6 R .628
(If an obstruction can be cleared by raising the recei)5.627 F .928 -.15
(ve a)-.25 H .628(ntenna to a greater altitude,).15 F F3(SPLA)3.128 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 .573(will indicate the minimum antenna height required fo\
r a line-of-sight path to e)108 357.6 R .572
(xist between the transmitter)-.15 F .201(and recei)108 369.6 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G 2.701(rl).15 G .201(ocations speci\214ed.)-2.701 F .201(If the a\
ntenna must be raised a signi\214cant amount, this determination may)
5.201 F(tak)108 381.6 Q 2.5(es)-.1 G(ome time.)-2.5 E .694
(are optional when in)108 405.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .694(king the program.).2
F F3(SPLA)5.694 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .693(automatically reads all SPLA)3.194 F
3.193(TD)-1.11 G .693(ata Files necessary to)-3.193 F .289
(conduct the terrain analysis between the sites speci\214ed.)108 417.6 R
.289(By def)5.289 F .29(ault, the location of SDF \214les is assumed to)
-.1 F .307(be in the current w)108 429.6 R .307(orking directory unless\
 a ".splat_path" \214le is present under the user')-.1 F 2.807(sh)-.55 G
.307(ome directory)-2.807 F 5.307(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.307 E 1.087(this \214l\
e is present, it must contain the full directory path to the location o\
f all the SDF \214les required by)108 441.6 R F3(SPLA)108 453.6 Q(T!)
-.95 E F0 .738(to perform its analysis for the re)3.238 F .737
(gion containing the transmitter and recei)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.237
(rs).15 G .737(ites speci\214ed.)-3.237 F(The)5.737 E
(path in this \214le must be of the form of a single line of ASCII te)
108 465.6 Q(xt:)-.15 E F4(/opt/splat/sdf/)108 489.6 Q F0 .622
(and may be generated with an)108 513.6 R 3.122(yt)-.15 G -.15(ex)-3.122
G 3.122(te).15 G(ditor)-3.122 E 5.622(.T)-.55 G .622(he def)-5.622 F
.622(ault path speci\214ed in the)-.1 F F1($HOME/.splat_path)3.122 E F0
.622(\214le may)3.122 F(be o)108 525.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rridden at an)
.15 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(ime using the)-2.5 E F1(-d)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F4
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -d /cdrom/sdf/)108 549.6 Q F0 3.023(Ag)108
573.6 S .523(raph of the terrain pro\214le between the recei)-3.023 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.023(ra).15 G .523
(nd transmitter locations as a function of distance from)-3.023 F
(the recei)108 585.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rc).15 G
(an be generated by adding the)-2.5 E F1(-p)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F4
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -p terrain_profile.gif)108 609.6 Q F3(SPLA)
108 633.6 Q(T!)-.95 E F0(in)4.119 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(s).1 E F3
(gnuplot)4.119 E F0 1.619(when generating graphs.)4.119 F 1.619
(The \214lename e)6.619 F 1.619(xtension speci\214ed to)-.15 F F3(SPLA)
4.12 E(T!)-.95 E F0(deter)4.12 E(-)-.2 E .809
(mines the format of the graph produced.)108 645.6 R F1(.gif)5.809 E F0
.809(will produce a 640x480 color GIF graphic \214le, while)3.309 F F1
(.ps)3.308 E F0(or)3.308 E F1(.postscript)108 657.6 Q F0 1.211
(will produce postscript output.)3.711 F 1.212
(Output in formats such as PNG, Adobe Illustrator)6.211 F 3.712(,A)-.4 G
(utoCAD)-3.712 E 1.924(dxf, LaT)108 669.6 R 1.924(eX, and man)-.7 F
4.424(yo)-.15 G 1.924(thers are a)-4.424 F -.25(va)-.2 G 4.424
(ilable. Please).25 F(consult)4.424 E F3(gnuplot)4.424 E F0 4.424(,a)C
(nd)-4.424 E F3(gnuplot)4.424 E F0 3.023 -.55('s d)D 1.923
(ocumentation for).55 F(details on all the supported output formats.)108
681.6 Q 3.542(Ag)108 705.6 S 1.042(raph of ele)-3.542 F -.25(va)-.25 G
1.042(tions subtended by the terrain between the recei).25 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G 3.542(ra).15 G 1.043(nd transmitter as a function of dis-)-3.542
F(tance from the recei)108 717.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rc).15 G
(an be generated by using the)-2.5 E F1(-e)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E
(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 126.62(are 20)-.1 F(January 2004)2.5 E(4)195.95 E
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -e elevation_profile.gif)108 84 Q F0 .425
(The graph produced using this switch illustrates the ele)108 108 R -.25
(va)-.25 G .424(tion and depression angles resulting from the ter).25 F
(-)-.2 E .553(rain between the recei)108 120 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(r').15 E
3.053(sl)-.55 G .553
(ocation and the transmitter site from the perspecti)-3.053 F .854 -.15
(ve o)-.25 H 3.054(ft).15 G .554(he recei)-3.054 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r').15
E 3.054(sl)-.55 G(ocation.)-3.054 E 3.781(As)108 132 S 1.281
(econd trace is plotted between the left side of the graph \(recei)
-3.781 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r').15 E 3.78(sl)-.55 G 1.28
(ocation\) and the location of the)-3.78 F .448
(transmitting antenna on the right.)108 144 R .449
(This trace illustrates the ele)5.448 F -.25(va)-.25 G .449
(tion angle required for a line-of-sight path).25 F 1.074(to e)108 156 R
1.074(xist between the recei)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.574(ra).15 G 1.074
(nd transmitter locations.)-3.574 F 1.074
(If the trace intersects the ele)6.074 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.073
(tion pro\214le at an).25 F(y)-.15 E 1.031(point on the graph, then thi\
s is an indication that a line-of-sight path does not e)108 168 R 1.032
(xist under the conditions)-.15 F(gi)108 180 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(n, and th\
e obstructions can be clearly identi\214ed on the graph at the point\(s\
\) of intersection.).15 E 3.671(Ag)108 204 S 1.171(raph illustrating te\
rrain height referenced to a line-of-sight path between the transmitter\
 and recei)-3.671 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E(may be generated using the)
108 216 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(-h)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F1
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -h height_profile.gif)108 240 Q F0
(The Earth')108 264 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(urv)-2.5 E(ature is clearly e)-.25 E
(vident when plotting height pro\214les.)-.25 E 2.5(Ag)108 288 S
(raph sho)-2.5 E(wing Longle)-.25 E
(y-Rice path loss may be plotted using the)-.15 E F2(-l)2.5 E F0
(switch:)2.5 E F1(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -l path_loss_profile.gif)
108 312 Q F0 .886(When performing path loss pro\214les, a Longle)108 336
R .886(y-Rice Model P)-.15 F .886(ath Loss Report is generated by)-.15 F
/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)3.386 E(T!)-.95 E F0(in)3.386 E .755
(the form of a te)108 348 R .754(xt \214le with a)-.15 F F2(.lr)3.254 E
(o)-.45 E F0 .754(\214lename e)3.254 F 3.254(xtension. The)-.15 F .754
(report contains bearings and distances between)3.254 F .535
(the transmitter and recei)108 360 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.335 -.4(r, a).15 H
3.035(sw).4 G .536(ell as the Longle)-3.035 F .536
(y-Rice path loss for v)-.15 F .536(arious distances between the trans-)
-.25 F .096(mitter and recei)108 372 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.596(rl).15 G
2.596(ocations. The)-2.596 F .096(mode of propag)2.596 F .095
(ation for points along the path are gi)-.05 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.595(na)
.15 G(s)-2.595 E F2(Line-of-Sight)2.595 E F0(,)A F2(Single Horizon)108
384 Q F0(,)A F2(Double Horizon)2.5 E F0(,)A F2(Dif)2.5 E(fr)-.18 E
(action Dominant)-.15 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2 -1.85 -.55(Tr o)2.5 H
(poscatter Dominant).55 E F0(.)A 2.36 -.8(To d)108 408 T .76(etermine t\
he signal-to-noise \(SNR\) ratio at remote location where random Johnso\
n \(thermal\) noise is).8 F(the primary limiting f)108 420 Q
(actor in reception:)-.1 E F2(SNR)108.33 444 Q/F4 10/Symbol SF(=)3.07 E
F2(T)2.71 E F4(-)3.47 E F2(NJ)2.9 E F4(-)3.17 E F2(L)2.78 E F4(+)2.73 E
F2(G)2.18 E F4(-)2.7 E F2(NF)2.9 E F0(where)108 468 Q F3(T)3.077 E F0
.577(is the ERP of the transmitter in dBW)3.077 F(,)-.92 E F3(NJ)3.076 E
F0 .576(is Johnson Noise in dBW \(-136 dBW for a 6 MHz TV)3.076 F
(channel\),)108 480 Q F3(L)2.513 E F0 .013(is the path loss pro)2.513 F
.013(vided by)-.15 F F3(SPLA)2.513 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .014(in dB \(as a)
2.513 F F2(positive)2.514 E F0(number\),)2.514 E F3(G)2.514 E F0 .014
(is the recei)2.514 F .314 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .014(ntenna g).15 F(ain)-.05
E(in dB o)108 492 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(ri).15 G(sotropic, and)-2.5 E F3
(NF)2.5 E F0(is the recei)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rn).15 G
(oise \214gure in dB.)-2.5 E F3(T)108 516 Q F0(may be computed as follo)
2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2(T)107.91 540 Q F4(=)4.07 E F2(TI)2.71 E F4(+)3.21 E
F2(GT)2.18 E F0(where)108 564 Q F3(TI)3.055 E F0 .555
(is actual amount of RF po)3.055 F .555(wer deli)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
.555(red to the transmitting antenna in dBW).15 F(,)-.92 E F3(GT)3.055 E
F0 .555(is the transmit-)3.055 F .669(ting antenna g)108 576 R .669
(ain \(o)-.05 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.169(ri).15 G .669
(sotropic\) in the direction of the recei)-3.169 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.17
(r\().15 G .67(or the horizon if the recei)-3.17 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.17
(ri).15 G 3.17(so)-3.17 G -.15(ve)-3.32 G 3.17(rt).15 G(he)-3.17 E
(horizon\).)108 588 Q 1.802 -.8(To c)108 612 T .202(ompute ho).8 F 2.702
(wm)-.25 G .202(uch more signal is a)-2.702 F -.25(va)-.2 G .202
(ilable o).25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.702(rt).15 G .202
(he minimum to necessary to achie)-2.702 F .501 -.15(ve a s)-.25 H .201
(peci\214c signal-).15 F(to-noise ratio:)108 624 Q F2(Signal)108.33 648
Q F0(_).51 E F2(Margin).68 E F4(=)3.04 E F2(SNR)3.13 E F4(-)2.47 E F2(S)
2.53 E F0(where)108 672 Q F3(S)2.5 E F0
(is the minimum desired SNR ratio \(15.5 dB for A)2.5 E(TSC DTV)-1.11 E
2.5(,4)-1.29 G 2.5(2d)-2.5 G 2.5(Bf)-2.5 G(or analog NTSC tele)-2.5 E
(vision\).)-.25 E 2.61(At)108 696 S .11
(opographic map may be generated by)-2.61 F F3(SPLA)2.611 E(T!)-.95 E F0
.111(to visualize the path between the transmitter and recei)2.611 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .099(sites from yet another perspecti)108 708 R
-.15(ve)-.25 G 5.099(.T).15 G .099(opographic maps generated by)-5.899 F
F3(SPLA)2.598 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .098(display ele)2.598 F -.25(va)-.25 G
.098(tions using a log-).25 F .335(arithmic grayscale, with higher ele)
108 720 R -.25(va)-.25 G .335
(tions represented through brighter shades of gray).25 F 5.336(.T)-.65 G
.336(he dynamic range)-5.336 F(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 126.62(are 20)-.1 F
(January 2004)2.5 E(5)195.95 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E .257
(of the image is scaled between the highest and lo)108 84 R .257
(west ele)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .257(tions present in the map.).25 F
.257(The only e)5.257 F .257(xception to)-.15 F(this is sea-le)108 96 Q
-.15(ve)-.25 G(l, which is represented in blue.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
SF(SPLA)108 120 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 1.241
(generated topographic maps are 24-bit T)3.74 F 1.241
(rueColor Portable PixMap \(PPM\) images, and may be)-.35 F(vie)108 132
Q 1.06(wed, edited, or con)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.06
(rted to other graphic formats by popular image vie).15 F 1.06
(wing applications such as)-.25 F F1(xv)3.56 E F0(,)A F1 1.66(The GIMP)
108 144 R F0(,)A F1(ImageMagick)4.16 E F0 4.16(,a)C(nd)-4.16 E F1(XP)
4.16 E(aint)-.1 E F0 6.66(.P)C 1.66
(NG format is highly recommended for lossless compressed)-6.66 F .372
(storage of)108 156 R F1(SPLA)2.872 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .372
(generated topographic output \214les.)5.372 F .371(An e)5.372 F .371
(xcellent command-line utility capable of con-)-.15 F -.15(ve)108 168 S
(rting).15 E F1(SPLA)12.216 E(T!)-.95 E F0 9.717
(PPM graphic \214les to PNG \214les is)12.217 F F1(wpng)12.217 E F0
12.217(,a)C 9.717(nd is a)-12.217 F -.25(va)-.2 G 9.717(ilable at:).25 F
/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(http://www)108 180 Q(.libpng)-.74 E(.or)-.15 E
(g/pub/png/book/sour)-.37 E(ces.html)-.37 E F0 5.153(.A)C 2.653(sal)
-5.153 G .153(ast resort, PPM \214les may be compressed using the)-2.653
F .661(bzip2 utility)108 192 R 3.161(,a)-.65 G .661(nd read directly by)
-3.161 F F1 .662(The GIMP)3.162 F F0 .662(in this format.)3.162 F -.8
(To)5.662 G .662(pographic output is speci\214ed using the).8 F F2(-o)
3.162 E F0(switch:)108 204 Q/F3 10/Courier@0 SF
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -o topo_map.ppm)108 228 Q F0(The)108 252 Q
F2(.ppm)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G
(tension on the output \214lename is assumed by).15 E F1(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)
-.95 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd is optional.)-2.5 E .007(In this e)108 276 R
(xample,)-.15 E F2(topo_map.ppm)2.507 E F0 .007
(will illustrate the locations of the transmitter and recei)2.507 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.506(rs).15 G .006(ites speci\214ed.)-2.506 F(In)5.006 E .22
(addition, the great circle path between the tw)108 288 R 2.72(os)-.1 G
.22(ites will be dra)-2.72 F .22(wn o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.72(rl).15
G .22(ocations for which an unobstructed)-2.72 F 1.209(path e)108 300 R
1.209(xists to the transmitter at a recei)-.15 F 1.209
(ving antenna height equal to that of the recei)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.709(rs).15 G 1.208(ite \(speci\214ed in)-3.709 F F2(rx_site)108 312 Q
(.qth)-.15 E F0(\).)A .773(It may desirable to populate the topographic\
 map with names and locations of cities, to)108 336 R .773
(wer sites, or other)-.25 F(important locations.)108 348 Q 2.5(Ac)5 G
(ity \214le may be passed to)-2.5 E F1(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0
(using the)2.5 E F2(-s)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F3
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -s cities.dat -o topo_map)108 372 Q F0
(Up to \214v)108 396 Q 2.5(es)-.15 G
(eparate city \214les may be passed to)-2.5 E F1(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0
(at a time follo)2.5 E(wing the)-.25 E F2(-s)2.5 E F0(switch.)2.5 E .555
(County and state boundaries may be added to the map by specifying up t\
o \214v)108 420 R 3.054(eU)-.15 G .554(.S. Census Bureau carto-)-3.054 F
(graphic boundary \214les using the)108 432 Q F2(-b)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5
E F3(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -b co34_d00.dat -o topo_map)108 456 Q
F0 1.063
(In situations where multiple transmitter sites are in use, as man)108
480 R 3.563(ya)-.15 G 3.563(sf)-3.563 G 1.064
(our site locations may be passed to)-3.563 F F1(SPLA)108 492 Q(T!)-.95
E F0(at a time for analysis:)2.5 E F3
(splat -t tx_site1 tx_site2 tx_site3 tx_site4 -r rx_site -p profile.gif)
108 516 Q F0 .285(In this e)108 540 R .285(xample, four separate terrai\
n pro\214les and obstruction reports will be generated by)-.15 F F1
(SPLA)2.785 E(T!)-.95 E F0 5.285(.A)C(sin-)-2.5 E .508
(gle topographic map can be speci\214ed using the)108 552 R F2(-o)3.009
E F0 .509(switch, and line-of-sight paths between each transmitter)3.009
F .817(and the recei)108 564 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.317(rs).15 G .816
(ite indicated will be produced on the map, each in its o)-3.317 F .816
(wn color)-.25 F 5.816(.T)-.55 G .816(he path between the)-5.816 F .766
(\214rst transmitter speci\214ed to the recei)108 576 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.266(rw).15 G .767
(ill be in green, the path between the second transmitter and the)-3.266
F(recei)108 588 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.464(rw).15 G .964(ill be in c)-3.464
F .964(yan, the path between the third transmitter and the recei)-.15 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.463(rw).15 G .963(ill be in violet, and the)-3.463 F
(path between the fourth transmitter and the recei)108 600 Q -.15(ve)
-.25 G 2.5(rw).15 G(ill be in sienna.)-2.5 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF
(DETERMINING REGION)72 616.8 Q(AL CO)-.219 E(VERA)-.548 E(GE)-.602 E F1
(SPLA)108 628.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .098
(can analyze a transmitter or repeater site, or netw)2.598 F .098
(ork of sites, and predict the re)-.1 F .099(gional co)-.15 F -.15(ve)
-.15 G .099(rage for).15 F .683(each site speci\214ed.)108 640.8 R .683
(In this mode,)5.683 F F1(SPLA)3.183 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .682
(can generate a topographic map displaying the geometric line-)3.183 F
.031(of-sight co)108 652.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G .031(rage area of the sites\
 based on the location of each site, and the height of recei).15 F .331
-.15(ve a)-.25 H .032(ntenna wish-).15 F .439
(ing to communicate with the site in question.)108 664.8 R F1(SPLA)5.439
E(T!)-.95 E F0 .438(switches from point-to-point analysis mode to area)
2.939 F(prediction mode when the)108 676.8 Q F2(-c)2.5 E F0
(switch is in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(da).1 G 2.5(sf)-2.5 G
(ollo)-2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F3
(splat -t tx_site -c 30.0 -s cities.dat -b co34_d00.dat -o tx_coverage)
108 700.8 Q F0 .269(In this e)108 724.8 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(SPLA)2.769 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 .269(generates a topographic map called)2.769 F F2(tx_co)
2.769 E(ver)-.1 E -.1(age)-.15 G(.ppm)-.05 E F0 .27
(that illustrates the predicted)2.769 F(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 126.62
(are 20)-.1 F(January 2004)2.5 E(6)195.95 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E 1.535
(line-of-sight re)108 84 R 1.535(gional co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.535
(rage of).15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(tx_site)4.035 E F0 1.535
(to recei)4.035 F 1.535(ving locations ha)-.25 F 1.534
(ving antennas 30.0 feet abo)-.2 F 1.834 -.15(ve g)-.15 H(round).15 E
(le)108 96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.507(l\().15 G -.4(AG)-2.507 G 2.507
(L\). The).4 F .007(contents of)2.507 F F1(cities.dat)2.507 E F0 .008
(are plotted on the map, as are the cartographic boundaries contained)
2.507 F(in the \214le)108 108 Q F1(co34_d00.dat)2.5 E F0(.)A .572
(When plotting line-of-sight paths and areas of re)108 132 R .572
(gional co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(rage,).15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)
3.072 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .572(by def)3.072 F .572(ault does not account for)
-.1 F .031(the ef)108 144 R .032(fects of atmospheric bending.)-.25 F
(Ho)5.032 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .832 -.4(r, t).15 H .032(his beha)
.4 F .032(vior may be modi\214ed by using the Earth radius mul-)-.2 F
(tiplier \()108 156 Q F1(-m)A F0 2.5(\)s)C(witch:)-2.5 E/F3 10/Courier@0
SF(splat -t wnjt -c 30.0 -m 1.333 -s cities.dat -b counties.dat -o map.\
ppm)108 180 Q F0 .428(An earth radius multiplier)108 204 R .428
(of 1.333 instructs)5.428 F F2(SPLA)2.928 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .428
(to use the "four)2.928 F .428(-thirds earth" model for line-of-sight)
-.2 F(propag)108 216 Q(ation analysis.)-.05 E(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G
(ppropriate earth radius multiplier may be selected by the user)-2.5 E
(.)-.55 E .201(When in)108 240 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.701(di).1 G
2.701(na)-2.701 G .201(rea prediction mode,)-2.701 F F2(SPLA)2.701 E(T!)
-.95 E F0 .202(generates a site report for each station analyzed.)2.701
F F2(SPLA)5.202 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .659
(site reports contain details of the site')108 252 R 3.159(sg)-.55 G
.659(eographic location, its height abo)-3.159 F .959 -.15(ve m)-.15 H
.658(ean sea le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .658(l, the antenna').15 F(s)-.55 E
.612(height abo)108 264 R .912 -.15(ve m)-.15 H .612(ean sea le).15 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G .612(l, the antenna').15 F 3.112(sh)-.55 G .612
(eight abo)-3.112 F .912 -.15(ve a)-.15 H -.15(ve)-.05 G .613
(rage terrain, and the height of the a).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G .613
(rage ter).15 F(-)-.2 E(rain calculated in the directions of 0, 45, 90,\
 135, 180, 225, 270, and 315 de)108 276 Q(grees azimuth.)-.15 E .345
(If the)108 300 R F1(-c)2.845 E F0 .345(switch is replaced by a)2.845 F
F1(-L)2.844 E F0 .344(switch, a Longle)2.844 F .344
(y-Rice path loss map for a transmitter site may be gen-)-.15 F(erated:)
108 312 Q F3(splat -t tx_site -L 30.0 -s cities.dat -b co34_d00.dat -o \
path_loss_map)108 336 Q F0 .977(In this mode,)108 360 R F2(SPLA)3.477 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 .977(generates a multi-color map illustrating e)3.477 F
.977(xpected signal le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .978
(ls \(path loss\) in areas).15 F .997(surrounding the transmitter site.)
108 372 R 3.497(Al)5.997 G -.15(eg)-3.497 G .996
(end at the bottom of the map correlates each color with a speci\214c)
.15 F .163(path loss le)108 384 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.663(li).15 G 2.663
(nd)-2.663 G 2.663(ecibels. Since)-2.663 F(Longle)2.663 E .163
(y-Rice area prediction map generation is quite CPU intensi)-.15 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.664(,p).15 G(ro-)-2.664 E .014
(vision for limiting the analysis range is pro)108 396 R .014
(vided by the)-.15 F F1(-R)2.514 E F0 2.514(switch. The)2.514 F(ar)2.514
E .013(gument must be gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.513(ni).15 G 2.513(nm)
-2.513 G 2.513(iles. If)-2.513 F 3.58(ar)108 408 S 1.08
(ange wider than the generated topographic map is speci\214ed,)-3.58 F
F2(SPLA)3.58 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.08(will perform Longle)3.58 F 1.08
(y-Rice path)-.15 F
(loss calculations between all four corners of the area prediction map.)
108 420 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(DETERMINING MUL)72 436.8 Q
(TIPLE REGIONS OF CO)-1.007 E(VERA)-.548 E(GE)-.602 E F2(SPLA)108 448.8
Q(T!)-.95 E F0 1.087(can also display line-of-sight co)3.587 F -.15(ve)
-.15 G 1.086(rage areas for as man).15 F 3.586(ya)-.15 G 3.586(sf)-3.586
G 1.086(our separate transmitter sites on a)-3.586 F
(common topographic map.)108 460.8 Q -.15(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)
-2.65 E F3(splat -t site1 site2 site3 site4 -c 30.0 -o network.ppm)108
484.8 Q F0 .686(plots the re)108 508.8 R .687(gional line-of-sight co)
-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .687
(rage of site1, site2, site3, and site4 based on a recei).15 F .987 -.15
(ve a)-.25 H .687(ntenna located).15 F .277(30.0 feet abo)108 520.8 R
.577 -.15(ve g)-.15 H .277(round le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.776(l. A).15
F .276(topographic map is then written to the \214le)2.776 F F1
(network.ppm)2.776 E F0 5.276(.T)C .276(he line-of-sight)-5.276 F(co)108
532.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G .2
(rage area of the transmitters are plotted as follo).15 F .2
(ws in the colors indicated \(along with their correspond-)-.25 F
(ing RGB v)108 544.8 Q(alues in decimal\):)-.25 E F3
(site1: Green \(0,255,0\))132 568.8 Q(site2: Cyan \(0,255,255\))132
580.8 Q(site3: Medium Violet \(147,112,219\))132 592.8 Q
(site4: Sienna 1 \(255,130,71\))132 604.8 Q
(site1 + site2: Yellow \(255,255,0\))132 628.8 Q
(site1 + site3: Pink \(255,192,203\))132 640.8 Q
(site1 + site4: Green Yellow \(173,255,47\))132 652.8 Q
(site2 + site3: Orange \(255,165,0\))132 664.8 Q
(site2 + site4: Dark Sea Green 1 \(193,255,193\))132 676.8 Q
(site3 + site4: Dark Turquoise \(0,206,209\))132 688.8 Q
(site1 + site2 + site3: Dark Green \(0,100,0\))132 712.8 Q
(site1 + site2 + site4: Blanched Almond \(255,235,205\))132 724.8 Q F0
(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 126.62(are 20)-.1 F(January 2004)2.5 E(7)195.95 E
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF
(site1 + site3 + site4: Medium Spring Green \(0,250,154\))132 84 Q
(site2 + site3 + site4: Tan \(210,180,140\))132 96 Q
(site1 + site2 + site3 + site4: Gold2 \(238,201,0\))132 120 Q F0 .247
(If separate)108 144 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(.qth)2.747 E F0 .247
(\214les are generated, each representing a common site location b)2.747
F .247(ut a dif)-.2 F .246(ferent antenna height,)-.25 F 3.535(as)108
156 S 1.035(ingle topographic map illustrating the re)-3.535 F 1.036
(gional co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.036(rage from as man).15 F 3.536(ya)
-.15 G 3.536(sf)-3.536 G 1.036(our separate locations on a)-3.536 F
(single to)108 168 Q(wer may be generated by)-.25 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0
SF(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0(.)A/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.197(TO)72
184.8 S(POGRAPHIC MAP GENERA).197 E(TION)-1.04 E F0 .52(In certain situ\
ations, it may be desirable to generate a topographic map of a re)108
196.8 R .519(gion without plotting co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -.2(r-).15 G
1.006
(age areas, line-of-sight paths, or generating obstruction reports.)108
208.8 R 1.007(There are se)6.007 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.007(ral w).15 F
1.007(ays of doing this.)-.1 F(If)6.007 E .814(one wishes to generate a\
 topographic map illustrating the location of a transmitter and recei)
108 220.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.314(rs).15 G .814(ite along)-3.314 F 1.175
(with a brief te)108 232.8 R 1.176(xt report describing the locations a\
nd distances between the sites, the)-.15 F F2(-n)3.676 E F0 1.176
(switch should be)3.676 F(in)108 244.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5
(da).1 G 2.5(sf)-2.5 G(ollo)-2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -n -o topo_map.ppm)108 268.8 Q F0(If no te)
108 292.8 Q(xt report is desired, then the)-.15 E F2(-N)2.5 E F0
(switch is used:)2.5 E F1
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -N -o topo_map.ppm)108 316.8 Q F0 .061
(If the)108 340.8 R F2(-o)2.561 E F0 .061
(switch and output \214lename are omitted when using either the)2.561 F
F2(-n)2.56 E F0(or)2.56 E F2(-N)2.56 E F0 .06
(switches, output is written to)2.56 F 2.5<618c>108 352.8 S(le named)
-2.5 E F2(map.ppm)2.5 E F0(in the current w)2.5 E
(orking directory by def)-.1 E(ault.)-.1 E F4(DETERMIN)72 369.6 Q -1.04
(AT)-.219 G(ION OF ANTENN)1.04 E 2.738(AH)-.219 G(EIGHT ABO)-2.738 E
(VE A)-.548 E(VERA)-1.588 E(GE TERRAIN)-.602 E F3(SPLA)108 381.6 Q(T!)
-.95 E F0 .947(determines antenna height abo)3.447 F 1.248 -.15(ve a)
-.15 H -.15(ve)-.05 G .948(rage terrain \(HAA).15 F .948
(T\) according to the procedure de\214ned by)-1.11 F .167
(Federal Communications Commission P)108 393.6 R .167(art 73.313\(d\).)
-.15 F .166(According to this de\214nition, terrain ele)5.166 F -.25(va)
-.25 G .166(tions along).25 F .794(eight radials between 2 and 10 miles\
 \(3 and 16 kilometers\) from the site being analyzed are sampled and)
108 405.6 R -2.25 -.2(av e)108 417.6 T .614(raged for each 45 de).2 F
.613(grees of azimuth starting with T)-.15 F .613(rue North.)-.35 F .613
(If one or more radials lie entirely o)5.613 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E
-.1(wa)108 429.6 S(ter).1 E 2.911(,o)-.4 G 2.911(ro)-2.911 G -.15(ve)
-3.061 G 2.911(rl).15 G .411
(and outside the United States \(areas for which no USGS topograph)
-2.911 F 2.911(yd)-.05 G .412(ata is a)-2.911 F -.25(va)-.2 G .412
(ilable\), then).25 F .519
(those radials are omitted from the calculation of a)108 441.6 R -.15
(ve)-.2 G .519(rage terrain.).15 F .519(If part of a radial e)5.519 F
.519(xtends o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.019(rab).15 G .518(ody of)-3.019 F
-.1(wa)108 453.6 S .012(ter or o).1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.512(rl).15 G .012
(and outside the United States, then only that part of the radial lying\
 o)-2.512 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.513(rU).15 G .013(nited States land is)
-2.513 F(used in the determination of a)108 465.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G
(rage terrain.).15 E .162
(When performing point-to-point terrain analysis,)108 489.6 R F3(SPLA)
2.662 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .162(determines the antenna height abo)2.662 F .461
-.15(ve a)-.15 H -.15(ve)-.05 G .161(rage ter).15 F(-)-.2 E .407(rain o\
nly if enough topographic data has already been loaded by the program t\
o perform the point-to-point)108 501.6 R 3.712(analysis. In)108 513.6 R
1.211(most cases, this will be true, unless the site in question does n\
ot lie within 10 miles of the)3.712 F(boundary of the topograph)108
525.6 Q 2.5(yd)-.05 G(ata in memory)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E .491
(When performing area prediction analysis, enough topograph)108 549.6 R
2.991(yd)-.05 G .492(ata is normally loaded by)-2.991 F F3(SPLA)2.992 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 .492(to per)2.992 F(-)-.2 E .807(form a)108 561.6 R -.15
(ve)-.2 G .807(rage terrain calculations.).15 F .807
(Under such conditions,)5.807 F F3(SPLA)3.307 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .807
(will pro)3.307 F .807(vide the antenna height abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
-2.25 -.2(av e)108 573.6 T .203(rage terrain as well as the a).2 F -.15
(ve)-.2 G .203(rage terrain abo).15 F .503 -.15(ve m)-.15 H .203
(ean sea le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.704(lf).15 G .204
(or azimuths of 0, 45, 90, 135, 180, 225,)-2.704 F .162(270, and 315 de)
108 585.6 R .162
(grees, and include such information in the site report generated.)-.15
F .161(If one or more of the eight)5.161 F 1.259(radials surv)108 597.6
R -.15(ey)-.15 G 1.259(ed f).15 F 1.259(all o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759
(rw).15 G 1.259(ater or land outside the United States,)-3.859 F F3
(SPLA)3.76 E(T!)-.95 E F0(reports)3.76 E F2 1.26(No T)3.76 F(err)-.92 E
(ain)-.15 E F0 1.26(for those)3.76 F(radial paths.)108 609.6 Q F4
(SETTING THE MAXIMUM SIZE OF AN AN)72 626.4 Q(AL)-.219 E(YSIS REGION)
-1.007 E F3(SPLA)108 638.4 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .971(reads SDF \214les into a\
 series of memory "slots" as required within the structure of the progr\
am.)3.471 F .508(Each "slot" holds one SDF \214le.)108 650.4 R .508
(Each SDF \214le represents a one de)5.508 F .508(gree by one de)-.15 F
.508(gree re)-.15 F .508(gion of terrain.)-.15 F(A)5.508 E F2 1.237
(#de\214ne MAXSLO)108 662.4 R(TS)-.4 E F0 1.237
(statement in the \214rst se)3.737 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.237(ral lines of)
.15 F F2(splat.cpp)3.737 E F0 1.236(sets the maximum number of "slots")
3.737 F -.2(av)108 674.4 S 2.412(ailable for topograph)-.05 F 4.912(yd)
-.05 G 4.912(ata. It)-4.912 F 2.412
(also sets the maximum size of the topographic maps generated by)4.912 F
F3(SPLA)108 686.4 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 5.883(.M)C(AXSLO)-5.883 E .883
(TS is set to 9 by def)-.4 F 3.383(ault. If)-.1 F F3(SPLA)3.382 E(T!)
-.95 E F0 .882(produces a se)3.382 F .882(gmentation f)-.15 F .882
(ault on start-up with)-.1 F .78(this def)108 698.4 R .78(ault, it is a\
n indication that not enough RAM and/or virtual memory \(sw)-.1 F .78
(ap space\) are a)-.1 F -.25(va)-.2 G .78(ilable to).25 F(run)108 710.4
Q F3(SPLA)3.119 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .618(with this number of MAXSLO)3.119 F
3.118(TS. In)-.4 F .618(this case, MAXSLO)3.118 F .618
(TS may be reduced to 4, although)-.4 F .617
(this will greatly limit the maximum re)108 722.4 R(gion)-.15 E F3(SPLA)
3.117 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .617(will be able to analyze.)3.117 F .617
(If 118 me)5.617 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .618(bytes or more of).05 F
(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 126.62(are 20)-.1 F(January 2004)2.5 E(8)195.95 E
EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E 1.004
(total memory \(sw)108 84 R 1.003(ap space plus RAM\) is a)-.1 F -.25
(va)-.2 G 1.003(ilable, then MAXSLO).25 F 1.003
(TS may be increased to 16.)-.4 F 1.003(This will)6.003 F .081
(permit operation o)108 96 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.581(ra4).15 G(-de)-2.581 E
.081(gree by 4-de)-.15 F .081(gree re)-.15 F .081(gion, which is suf)
-.15 F .082(\214cient for single antenna heights in e)-.25 F(xcess)-.15
E(of 10,000 feet abo)108 108 Q .3 -.15(ve m)-.15 H(ean sea le).15 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G(l, or point-to-point distances of o).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5
(r1).15 G(000 miles.)-2.5 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ADDITION)72 124.8 Q
(AL INFORMA)-.219 E(TION)-1.04 E F0(In)108 136.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(king).2
E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)2.811 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .311(without an)2.811
F 2.811(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.811 G .311
(uments will display all the command-line options a).18 F -.25(va)-.2 G
.31(ilable with the pro-).25 F(gram along with a brief summary of each.)
108 148.8 Q .332(The latest ne)108 172.8 R .332(ws and information re)
-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(rding).05 E F2(SPLA)2.832 E(T!)-.95 E F0(softw)
2.832 E .332(are is a)-.1 F -.25(va)-.2 G .332(ilable through the of).25
F(\214cial)-.25 E F2(SPLA)2.833 E(T!)-.95 E F0(soft-)2.833 E -.1(wa)108
184.8 S(re web page located at:).1 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(http://www)
2.5 E(.qsl.net/kd2bd/splat.html)-.74 E F0(.)A F1(FILES)72 201.6 Q/F4 10
/Courier@0 SF($HOME/.splat_path)108 213.6 Q F0(User)144 225.6 Q
(-generated \214le containing the def)-.2 E
(ault path to the directory containing the SDF data \214les.)-.1 E F4
(splat.lrp)108 242.4 Q F0(Def)144 254.4 Q(ault Longle)-.1 E
(y-Rice model parameters.)-.15 E F1 -.548(AU)72 271.2 S(THORS).548 E F0
(John A. Magliacane, KD2BD <)108 283.2 Q F3(kd2bd@amsat.or)A(g)-.37 E F0
(>)A(Creator)144 295.2 Q 2.5(,L)-.4 G(ead De)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(loper).15 E(Doug McDonald <)108 312 Q F3(mcdonald@scs.uiuc.edu)A F0(>)A
(Longle)144 324 Q(y-Rice Model inte)-.15 E(gration)-.15 E(KD2BD Softw)72
768 Q 126.62(are 20)-.1 F(January 2004)2.5 E(9)195.95 E EP
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