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2.899(][)C(-L)-2.899 E F3 .399(rx antenna height for Longle)2.899 F .399
(y-Rice co)-.3 F(ver)-.1 E .599 -.1(age a)-.15 H .399
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(o\214le)-.45 E(.e)-.15 E(xt)-.2 E F0 5.518(][)C(-o)-5.518 E F3(topo)
5.518 E(gr)-.1 E(aphic_map_\214lename)-.15 E(.ppm)-.15 E F0 5.518(][)C
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(ill not be displayed)-3.427 F F0 3.426(][)C(-gc)-3.426 E F3(gr)3.426 E
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H .7(default = 60\)).1 F F0 3.2(][)C(-ano)-3.2 E F3 .7
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(-n] [-N] [-nf] [-dbm] [-ngs] [-geo] [-kml] [-gpsa)-2.5 E(v] [-metric])
-.2 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 237.6 Q F2(SPLA)108 249.6 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 1.499
(is a po)3.999 F 1.499(werful terrestrial RF propag)-.25 F 1.498
(ation and terrain analysis tool for the spectrum between 20)-.05 F .157
(MHz and 20 GHz.)108 261.6 R F2(SPLA)5.157 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .157
(is free softw)2.657 F .158
(are, and is designed for operation on Unix and Linux-based w)-.1 F
(ork-)-.1 E 4.744(stations. Redistrib)108 273.6 R 2.244(ution and/or mo\
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F .883(License, V)108 285.6 R .883
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(source code in)5.884 F(proprietary or closed-source applications is a \
violation of this license and is)108 297.6 Q F2(strictly)2.5 E F0
(forbidden.)2.5 E F2(SPLA)108 321.6 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .531(is distrib)3.031
F .531(uted in the hope that it will be useful, b)-.2 F .53
(ut WITHOUT ANY W)-.2 F(ARRANTY)-1.2 E 3.03(,w)-1.29 G .53(ithout e)
-3.03 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E .75(the implied w)108 333.6 R .751
(arranty of MERCHANT)-.1 F .751(ABILITY or FITNESS FOR A P)-.93 F(AR)
-.92 E .751(TICULAR PURPOSE.)-.6 F .751(See the)5.751 F
(GNU General Public License for more details.)108 345.6 Q F1(INTR)72
362.4 Q(ODUCTION)-.329 E F0 .575(Applications of)108 374.4 R F2(SPLA)
3.075 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .574(include the visualization, design, and link b)
3.075 F .574(udget analysis of wireless W)-.2 F .574(ide Area)-.4 F
(Netw)108 386.4 Q 1.939(orks \(W)-.1 F 1.939
(ANs\), commercial and amateur radio communication systems abo)-1.2 F
2.239 -.15(ve 2)-.15 H 4.439(0M).15 G 1.94(Hz, micro)-4.439 F -.1(wa)
-.25 G -.15(ve)-.1 G 1.091(links, frequenc)108 398.4 R 3.591(yc)-.15 G
1.091(oordination and interference studies, and the prediction of analo\
g and digital terrestrial)-3.591 F(radio and tele)108 410.4 Q
(vision contour re)-.25 E(gions.)-.15 E F2(SPLA)108 434.4 Q(T!)-.95 E F0
(pro)4.69 E 2.191(vides RF site engineering data such as great circle d\
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R -.25(va)-.25 G 2.724(tion angles \(uptilt\), depression angles \(do)
.25 F 2.724(wntilt\), antenna height abo)-.25 F 3.024 -.15(ve m)-.15 H
2.724(ean sea le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(l,).15 E .858(antenna height abo)
108 458.4 R 1.158 -.15(ve a)-.15 H -.15(ve)-.05 G .858
(rage terrain, bearings, distances, and ele).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .859
(tions to kno).25 F .859(wn obstructions, Longle)-.25 F(y-)-.15 E .381
(Rice path attenuation, and recei)108 470.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.881(ds)
.15 G .381(ignal strength.)-2.881 F .381
(In addition, the minimum antenna height requirements)5.381 F .096
(needed to clear terrain, the \214rst Fresnel zone, and an)108 482.4 R
2.597(yu)-.15 G(ser)-2.597 E .097
(-de\214nable percentage of the \214rst Fresnel zone are)-.2 F(also pro)
108 494.4 Q(vided.)-.15 E F2(SPLA)108 518.4 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .102(produce\
s reports, graphs, and high resolution topographic maps that depict lin\
e-of-sight paths, and)2.603 F(re)108 530.4 Q .668
(gional path loss and signal strength contours through which e)-.15 F
.668(xpected co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .668
(rage areas of transmitters and).15 F .649
(repeater systems can be obtained.)108 542.4 R .648
(When performing line-of-sight and Longle)5.648 F .648
(y-Rice analyses in situations)-.15 F .344
(where multiple transmitter or repeater sites are emplo)108 554.4 R
(yed,)-.1 E F2(SPLA)2.845 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .345(determines indi)2.845 F
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(rage within the netw).15 E(ork speci\214ed.)-.1 E F1(INPUT FILES)72
583.2 Q F2(SPLA)108 595.2 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .664(is a command-line dri)
3.164 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.164(na).15 G .664
(pplication and reads input data through a number of data \214les.)
-3.164 F(Some)5.663 E 1.42(\214les are mandatory for successful e)108
607.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.42
(cution of the program, while others are optional.).15 F 1.42
(Mandatory \214les)6.42 F .247(include digital ele)108 619.2 R -.25(va)
-.25 G .247(tion topograph).25 F 2.747(ym)-.05 G .247
(odels in the form of SPLA)-2.747 F 2.747(TD)-1.11 G .247
(ata Files \(SDF \214les\), site location \214les)-2.747 F .394
(\(QTH \214les\), and Longle)108 631.2 R .394
(y-Rice model parameter \214les \(LRP \214les\).)-.15 F .395
(Optional \214les include city location \214les,)5.394 F .922
(cartographic boundary \214les, user)108 643.2 R .921(-de\214ned terrai\
n \214les, path loss input \214les, antenna radiation pattern \214les,)
-.2 F(and color de\214nition \214les.)108 655.2 Q F1(SPLA)72 672 Q 2.738
(TD)-1.04 G -1.644 -1.04(AT A)-3.121 H(FILES)3.778 E F2(SPLA)108 684 Q
(T!)-.95 E F0 .43(imports topographic data in the form of SPLA)2.93 F
2.93(TD)-1.11 G .43(ata Files \(SDFs\).)-2.93 F .43
(These \214les may be generated)5.43 F .737
(from a number of information sources.)108 696 R .737
(In the United States, SPLA)5.737 F 3.237(TD)-1.11 G .737
(ata Files can be generated through)-3.237 F 3.134(U.S. Geological)108
708 R(Surv)3.134 E .934 -.15(ey D)-.15 H .634(igital Ele).15 F -.25(va)
-.25 G .634(tion Models \(DEMs\) using the).25 F F2(postdo)3.134 E
(wnload)-.1 E F0(and)3.134 E F2(usgs2sdf)3.135 E F0(utilities)3.135 E
4.13(included with)108 720 R F2(SPLA)6.63 E(T!)-.95 E F0 9.13(.U)C 4.13
(SGS Digital Ele)-9.13 F -.25(va)-.25 G 4.13
(tion Models compatible with these utilities may be).25 F(KD2BD Softw)72
768 Q 121.215(are 15)-.1 F(No)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 2008).15 E(1)
190.545 E 0 Cg EP
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(wnloaded from:)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(http://edcftp.cr)2.5 E
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(Signi\214cantly better resolution and accurac)108 108 R 2.675(yc)-.15 G
.176(an be obtained through the use of SR)-2.675 F .176(TM V)-.6 F .176
(ersion 2 digital ele-)-1.11 F -.25(va)108 120 S 2.022
(tion models, especially when supplemented by USGS-deri).25 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G 4.522(dS).15 G 2.022(DF data.)-4.522 F 2.021(These one-de)7.021 F
2.021(gree by one-)-.15 F(de)108 132 Q .791
(gree models are the product of the Space Shuttle STS-99 Radar T)-.15 F
(opograph)-.8 E 3.291(yM)-.05 G .791(ission, and are a)-3.291 F -.25(va)
-.2 G(ilable).25 E .559(for most populated re)108 144 R .558
(gions of the Earth.)-.15 F(SPLA)5.558 E 3.058(TD)-1.11 G .558
(ata Files may be generated from 3 arc-second SR)-3.058 F(TM-3)-.6 E
.061(data using the included)108 156 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(srtm2sdf)
2.561 E F0(utility)2.561 E 5.061(.S)-.65 G -.6(RT)-5.061 G .061(M-3 V).6
F .062(ersion 2 data may be obtained through anon)-1.11 F .062
(ymous FTP)-.15 F(from:)108 168 Q F1(ftp://e0srp01u.ecs.nasa.go)2.5 E
(v:21/srtm/ver)-.1 E(sion2/SRTM3/)-.1 E F0 1.069(Note that SR)108 192 R
1.069(TM \214lenames refer to the latitude and longitude of the southwe\
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(dataset contained within the \214le.)108 204 R .108(Therefore, the re)
5.108 F .108
(gion of interest must lie north and east of the latitude and)-.15 F
(longitude pro)108 216 Q(vided in the SR)-.15 E(TM \214lename.)-.6 E
(The)108 240 Q F2(srtm2sdf)3.707 E F0 1.207
(utility may also be used to con)3.707 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.206
(rt 3-arc second SR).15 F 1.206(TM data in Band Interlea)-.6 F -.15(ve)
-.2 G 3.706(db).15 G 3.706(yL)-3.706 G(ine)-3.706 E 1.106
(\(.BIL\) format for use with)108 252 R F2(SPLA)3.606 E(T!)-.95 E F0
6.106(.T)C 1.106(his data is a)-6.106 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.107
(ilable via the web at:).25 F F1(http://seamless.usgs.go)3.607 E(v/web-)
-.1 E(site/seamless/)108 264 Q F0 2.121(Band Interlea)108 288 R -.15(ve)
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F 2.121(wnloaded in a v)-.25 F 2.12
(ery speci\214c manner to be compatible with)-.15 F F2(srtm2sdf)108 300
Q F0(and)3.904 E F2(SPLA)3.904 E(T!)-.95 E F0 6.404(.P)C 1.404
(lease consult)-6.404 F F2(srtm2sdf)3.904 E F0 2.505 -.55('s d)D 1.405
(ocumentation for instructions on do).55 F 1.405(wnloading .BIL)-.25 F
(topographic data through the USGS')108 312 Q 2.5(sS)-.55 G(eamless W)
-2.5 E(eb Site.)-.8 E(Ev)108 336 Q .185
(en greater resolution and accurac)-.15 F 2.685(yc)-.15 G .185
(an be obtained by using 1 arc-second SR)-2.685 F .184(TM-1 V)-.6 F .184
(ersion 2 topograph)-1.11 F(y)-.05 E 3.871(data. This)108 348 R 1.371
(data is a)3.871 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.371(ilable for the United States and\
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(loaded from:)108 360 Q F1(ftp://e0srp01u.ecs.nasa.go)2.5 E
(v:21/srtm/ver)-.1 E(sion2/SRTM1/)-.1 E F0 .845
(High resolution SDF \214les for use with)108 384 R F2(SPLA)3.345 E .845
(T! HD)-.95 F F0 .844
(may be generated from data in this format using the)3.344 F F2
(srtm2sdf-hd)108 396 Q F0(utility)2.5 E(.)-.65 E .241
(Despite the higher accurac)108 420 R 2.741(yt)-.15 G .241(hat SR)-2.741
F .241(TM data has to of)-.6 F(fer)-.25 E 2.741(,s)-.4 G .241(ome v)
-2.741 F .241(oids in the data sets e)-.2 F 2.741(xist. When)-.15 F -.2
(vo)2.741 G .242(ids are).2 F .714(detected, the)108 432 R F2(srtm2sdf)
3.213 E F0(and)3.213 E F2(srtm2sdf-hd)3.213 E F0 .713
(utilities replace them with corresponding data found in)3.213 F F2
(usgs2sdf)3.213 E F0 .55(generated SDF \214les.)108 444 R .55
(If USGS-deri)5.55 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.05(dS).15 G .551(DF data is not a)
-3.05 F -.25(va)-.2 G .551(ilable, v).25 F .551
(oids are handled through adjacent pix)-.2 F(el)-.15 E -2.25 -.2(av e)
108 456 T(raging, or direct replacement.).2 E(SPLA)108 480 Q 3.226(TD)
-1.11 G .726(ata Files contain inte)-3.226 F .726(ger v)-.15 F .726
(alue topographic ele)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .726
(tions in meters referenced to mean sea le).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.226
(lf).15 G(or)-3.226 E(1-de)108 492 Q 1.3(gree by 1-de)-.15 F 1.3
(gree re)-.15 F 1.3(gions of the Earth.)-.15 F 1.3
(SDF \214les can be read by)6.3 F F2(SPLA)3.8 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.3
(in either standard format)3.8 F(\()108 504 Q F1(.sdf)A F0 3.4(\)a)C 3.4
(sg)-3.4 G .9(enerated directly by the)-3.4 F F2(usgs2sdf)3.4 E F0(,)A
F2(srtm2sdf)3.4 E F0 3.4(,a)C(nd)-3.4 E F2(srtm2sdf-hd)3.4 E F0 .9
(utilities, or in bzip2 compressed)3.4 F .067(format \()108 516 R F1
(.sdf)A(.bz2)-.15 E F0 2.567(\). Since)B .067
(uncompressed \214les can be read slightly f)2.567 F .068
(aster than \214les that ha)-.1 F .368 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .068
(een compressed,).15 F F2(SPLA)108 528 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 1.764
(searches for needed SDF data in uncompressed format \214rst.)4.265 F
1.764(If uncompressed data cannot be)6.764 F(located,)108 540 Q F2(SPLA)
3.47 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .97
(then searches for data in bzip2 compressed format.)3.47 F .971
(If no compressed SDF \214les can be)5.971 F .779(found for the re)108
552 R .779(gion requested,)-.15 F F2(SPLA)3.278 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .778
(assumes the re)3.278 F .778(gion is o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.278(rw)
.15 G(ater)-3.378 E 3.278(,a)-.4 G .778(nd will assign an ele)-3.278 F
-.25(va)-.25 G .778(tion of).25 F(sea-le)108 564 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
(lt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(hese areas.)-2.5 E 1.061(This feature of)108 588
R F2(SPLA)3.561 E(T!)-.95 E F0(mak)3.561 E 1.061
(es it possible to perform path analysis not only o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
3.561(rl).15 G 1.062(and, b)-3.561 F 1.062(ut also between)-.2 F .555
(coastal areas not represented by Digital Ele)108 600 R -.25(va)-.25 G
.554(tion Model data.).25 F(Ho)5.554 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.354
-.4(r, t).15 H .554(his beha).4 F .554(vior of)-.2 F F2(SPLA)3.054 E(T!)
-.95 E F0(under)5.554 E(-)-.2 E 1.575(scores the importance of ha)108
612 R 1.575(ving all the SDF \214les required for the re)-.2 F 1.575
(gion being analyzed if meaningful)-.15 F(results are to be e)108 624 Q
(xpected.)-.15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SITE LOCA)72 640.8 Q
(TION \(QTH\) FILES)-1.04 E F2(SPLA)108 652.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .839
(imports site location information of transmitter and recei)3.339 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.338(rs).15 G .838(ites analyzed by the program from)-3.338
F .375(ASCII \214les ha)108 664.8 R .375(ving a)-.2 F F1(.qth)2.875 E F0
-.15(ex)2.875 G 2.875(tension. QTH).15 F .375(\214les contain the site')
2.875 F 2.875(sn)-.55 G .375(ame, the site')-2.875 F 2.876(sl)-.55 G
.376(atitude \(positi)-2.876 F .676 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.876(fN).15 G
(orth)-2.876 E .389(of the equator)108 676.8 R 2.889(,n)-.4 G -2.25 -.15
(eg a)-2.889 H(ti).15 E .689 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.889(fS).15 G .389
(outh\), the site')-2.889 F 2.889(sl)-.55 G .388(ongitude \(in de)-2.889
F .388(grees W)-.15 F .388(est, 0 to 360 de)-.8 F .388(grees, or de)-.15
F .388(grees East 0)-.15 F .638(to -360 de)108 688.8 R .638
(grees\), and the site')-.15 F 3.138(sa)-.55 G .638(ntenna height abo)
-3.138 F .938 -.15(ve g)-.15 H .638(round le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.138
(l\().15 G -.4(AG)-3.138 G .639(L\), each separated by a single line-).4
F .372(feed character)108 700.8 R 5.372(.T)-.55 G .372
(he antenna height is assumed to be speci\214ed in feet unless follo)
-5.372 F .371(wed by the letter)-.25 F F1(m)2.871 E F0 .371(or the)2.871
F -.1(wo)108 712.8 S(rd).1 E F1(meter)3.084 E(s)-.1 E F0 .584
(in either upper or lo)3.084 F .584(wer case.)-.25 F .585
(Latitude and longitude information may be e)5.584 F .585
(xpressed in either)-.15 F(decimal format \(74.6864\) or de)108 724.8 Q
(gree, minute, second \(DMS\) format \(74 41 11.0\).)-.15 E(KD2BD Softw)
72 768 Q 121.215(are 15)-.1 F(No)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 2008).15 E(2)
190.545 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E -.15(Fo)108 84 S
3.772(re).15 G 1.272(xample, a site location \214le describing tele)
-3.922 F 1.271(vision station WNJT)-.25 F(-DT)-.92 E 3.771(,T)-.74 G
1.271(renton, NJ \()-4.121 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wnjt-dt.qth)A F0
3.771(\)m)C(ight)-3.771 E(read as follo)108 96 Q(ws:)-.25 E/F2 10
/Courier@0 SF(WNJT-DT)156 120 Q(40.2828)156 132 Q(74.6864)156 144 Q
(990.00)156 156 Q F0 .23(Each transmitter and recei)108 180 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G 2.73(rs).15 G .23(ite analyzed by)-2.73 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
(SPLA)2.73 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .23(must be represented by its o)2.73 F .23
(wn site location \(QTH\))-.25 F(\214le.)108 192 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0
SF(LONGLEY)72 208.8 Q(-RICE P)-1.007 E(ARAMETER \(LRP\) FILES)-.81 E F0
(Longle)108 220.8 Q 1.23(y-Rice parameter data \214les are required for)
-.15 F F3(SPLA)3.729 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.229
(to determine RF path loss, \214eld strength, or)3.729 F(recei)108 232.8
Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.03(ds).15 G .53(ignal po)-3.03 F .53(wer le)-.25 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.031(li).15 G 3.031(ne)-3.031 G .531
(ither point-to-point or area prediction mode.)-3.031 F(Longle)5.531 E
.531(y-Rice model parame-)-.15 F .27(ter data is read from \214les ha)
108 244.8 R .27
(ving the same base name as the transmitter site QTH \214le, b)-.2 F .27
(ut with a)-.2 F F1(.lrp)2.77 E F0 -.15(ex)2.77 G(ten-).15 E(sion.)108
256.8 Q F3(SPLA)5 E(T!)-.95 E F0(LRP \214les share the follo)2.5 E
(wing format \()-.25 E F1(wnjt-dt.lrp)A F0(\):)A F2 6(15.000 ;)156 280.8
R(Earth Dielectric Constant \(Relative permittivity\))6 E 12(0.005 ;)156
292.8 R(Earth Conductivity \(Siemens per meter\))6 E
(301.000 ; Atmospheric Bending Constant \(N-units\))156 304.8 Q
(647.000 ; Frequency in MHz \(20 MHz to 20 GHz\))156 316.8 Q 42(5;)156
328.8 S(Radio Climate \(5 = Continental Temperate\))-36 E 42(0;)156
340.8 S(Polarization \(0 = Horizontal, 1 = Vertical\))-36 E 18(0.50 ;)
156 352.8 R(Fraction of situations \(50% of locations\))6 E 18(0.90 ;)
156 364.8 R(Fraction of time \(90% of the time\))6 E
(46000.0 ; ERP in Watts \(optional\))156 376.8 Q F0 .77(If an LRP \214l\
e corresponding to the tx_site QTH \214le cannot be found,)108 400.8 R
F3(SPLA)3.271 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .771(scans the current w)3.271 F(orking)-.1
E 1.004(directory for the \214le "splat.lrp".)108 412.8 R 1.004
(If this \214le cannot be found, then def)6.004 F 1.003
(ault parameters will be assigned by)-.1 F F3(SPLA)108 424.8 Q(T!)-.95 E
F0 .454(and a corresponding "splat.lrp" \214le containing these def)
2.954 F .455(ault parameters will be written to the cur)-.1 F(-)-.2 E
(rent w)108 436.8 Q(orking directory)-.1 E 5(.T)-.65 G(he generated "sp\
lat.lrp" \214le can then be edited by the user as needed.)-5 E -.8(Ty)
108 460.8 S(pical Earth dielectric constants and conducti).8 E(vity v)
-.25 E(alues are as follo)-.25 E(ws:)-.25 E F2(Dielectric Constant)270
472.8 Q(Conductivity)12 E(Salt water)156 484.8 Q 48(:8)42 G 96(05)-48 G
(.000)-96 E(Good ground)156 496.8 Q 48(:2)36 G 96(50)-48 G(.020)-96 E
(Fresh water)156 508.8 Q 48(:8)36 G 96(00)-48 G(.010)-96 E(Marshy land)
156 520.8 Q 48(:1)36 G 96(20)-48 G(.007)-96 E(Farmland, forest :)156
532.8 Q 90(15 0.005)48 F(Average ground)156 544.8 Q 48(:1)18 G 96(50)-48
G(.005)-96 E(Mountain, sand)156 556.8 Q 48(:1)18 G 96(30)-48 G(.002)-96
E 72(City :)156 568.8 R 96(50)54 G(.001)-96 E(Poor ground)156 580.8 Q
-18 54(:4 0)36 H(.001)-54 E F0(Radio climate codes used by)108 604.8 Q
F3(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0(are as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2
(1: Equatorial \(Congo\))156 628.8 Q
(2: Continental Subtropical \(Sudan\))156 640.8 Q
(3: Maritime Subtropical \(West coast of Africa\))156 652.8 Q
(4: Desert \(Sahara\))156 664.8 Q(5: Continental Temperate)156 676.8 Q
(6: Maritime Temperate, over land \(UK and west coasts of US & EU\))156
688.8 Q(7: Maritime Temperate, over sea)156 700.8 Q F0 1.486
(The Continental T)108 724.8 R 1.486(emperate climate is common to lar)
-.7 F 1.486(ge land masses in the temperate zone, such as the)-.18 F
(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.215(are 15)-.1 F(No)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
(mber 2008).15 E(3)190.545 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E .756(United States.)
108 84 R -.15(Fo)5.756 G 3.256(rp).15 G .756
(aths shorter than 100 km, there is little dif)-3.256 F .756
(ference between Continental and Maritime)-.25 F -.7(Te)108 96 S
(mperate climates.).7 E .12(The se)108 120 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .12
(nth and eighth parameters in the).15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(.lrp)
2.62 E F0 .121(\214le correspond to the statistical analysis pro)2.621 F
.121(vided by the Lon-)-.15 F(gle)108 132 Q .605(y-Rice model.)-.15 F
.605(In this e)5.605 F(xample,)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)3.105 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 .604
(will return the maximum path loss occurring 50% of the time)3.105 F
.676
(\(fraction of time\) in 90% of situations \(fraction of situations\).)
108 144 R .676(This is often denoted as F\(50,90\) in Long-)5.676 F(le)
108 156 Q .986(y-Rice studies.)-.15 F .986(In the United States, an F\(\
50,90\) criteria is typically used for digital tele)5.986 F .986
(vision \(8-le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(l).15 E(VSB modulation\), while F\
\(50,50\) is used for analog \(VSB-AM+NTSC\) broadcasts.)108 168 Q -.15
(Fo)108 192 S 2.782(rf).15 G .282
(urther information on these parameters, see:)-2.782 F F1
(http://\215attop.its.bldr)2.782 E(doc.go)-.37 E(v/itm.html)-.1 E F0
(and)2.783 E F1(http://www)2.783 E(.soft-)-.74 E
(wright.com/faq/engineering/pr)108 204 Q(op_longle)-.45 E(y_rice)-.3 E
(.html)-.15 E F0 .229(The \214nal parameter in the)108 228 R F1(.lrp)
2.728 E F0 .228(\214le corresponds to the transmitter')2.728 F 2.728(se)
-.55 G -.25(ff)-2.728 G(ecti).25 E .528 -.15(ve r)-.25 H .228
(adiated po).15 F(wer)-.25 E 2.728(,a)-.4 G .228(nd is optional.)-2.728
F .302(If it is included in the)108 240 R F1(.lrp)2.802 E F0 .302
(\214le, then)2.802 F F2(SPLA)2.802 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .302
(will compute recei)2.802 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.802(ds).15 G .302
(ignal strength le)-2.802 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .303(ls and \214eld strength)
.15 F(le)108 252 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.341(lc).15 G .841
(ontours when performing Longle)-3.341 F .841(y-Rice studies.)-.15 F
.841(If the parameter is omitted, path loss is computed)5.841 F 2.506
(instead. The)108 264 R .006(ERP pro)2.506 F .006(vided in the)-.15 F F1
(.lrp)2.506 E F0 .006(\214le can be o)2.506 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .006
(rridden by using).15 F F2(SPLA)2.507 E(T!)-.95 E F0 -.55('s)C F1(-erp)
3.057 E F0 .007(command-line switch.)2.507 F .285(If the)108 276 R F1
(.lrp)2.785 E F0 .284(\214le contains an ERP parameter and the generati\
on of path loss rather than \214eld strength contours)2.785 F 1.333
(is desired, the ERP can be assigned to zero using the)108 288 R F1
(-erp)3.834 E F0 1.334(switch without ha)3.834 F 1.334(ving to edit the)
-.2 F F1(.lrp)3.834 E F0 1.334(\214le to)3.834 F
(accomplish the same result.)108 300 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF
(CITY LOCA)72 316.8 Q(TION FILES)-1.04 E F0 .807
(The names and locations of cities, to)108 328.8 R .807
(wer sites, or other points of interest may be imported and plotted on)
-.25 F .797(topographic maps generated by)108 340.8 R F2(SPLA)3.297 E
(T!)-.95 E F0(.)A F2(SPLA)5.797 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .797
(imports the names of cities and locations from ASCII)3.297 F .111
(\214les containing the location of interest')108 352.8 R 2.611(sn)-.55
G .111(ame, latitude, and longitude.)-2.611 F .11
(Each \214eld is separated by a comma.)5.111 F .949
(Each record is separated by a single line feed character)108 364.8 R
5.949(.A)-.55 G 3.449(sw)-5.949 G .949(as the case with the)-3.549 F F1
(.qth)3.449 E F0 .949(\214les, latitude and)3.449 F
(longitude information may be entered in either decimal or de)108 376.8
Q(gree, minute, second \(DMS\) format.)-.15 E -.15(Fo)108 400.8 S 2.5
(re).15 G(xample \()-2.65 E F1(cities.dat)A F0(\):)A/F4 10/Courier@0 SF
(Teaneck, 40.891973, 74.014506)156 424.8 Q
(Tenafly, 40.919212, 73.955892)156 436.8 Q
(Teterboro, 40.859511, 74.058908)156 448.8 Q
(Tinton Falls, 40.279966, 74.093924)156 460.8 Q
(Toms River, 39.977777, 74.183580)156 472.8 Q
(Totowa, 40.906160, 74.223310)156 484.8 Q(Trenton, 40.219922, 74.754665)
156 496.8 Q F0 3.2(At)108 520.8 S .7(otal of \214v)-3.2 F 3.2(es)-.15 G
.699(eparate city data \214les may be imported at a time, and there is \
no limit to the size of these)-3.2 F(\214les.)108 532.8 Q F2(SPLA)6.369
E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.369(reads city data on a "\214rst come/\214rst serv)
3.869 F 1.37(ed" basis, and plots only those locations whose)-.15 F .113
(annotations do not con\215ict with annotations of locations read earli\
er in the current city data \214le, or in pre)108 544.8 R(vi-)-.25 E
.539(ous \214les.)108 556.8 R .539(This beha)5.539 F .539
(vior minimizes clutter in)-.2 F F2(SPLA)3.039 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .539
(generated topographic maps, b)3.039 F .54(ut also mandates that)-.2 F
.15(important locations be placed to)108 568.8 R -.1(wa)-.25 G .15
(rd the be).1 F .149(ginning of the \214rst city data \214le, and locat\
ions less important be)-.15 F(positioned further do)108 580.8 Q
(wn the list or in subsequent data \214les.)-.25 E .996
(City data \214les may be generated manually using an)108 604.8 R 3.496
(yt)-.15 G -.15(ex)-3.496 G 3.496(te).15 G(ditor)-3.496 E 3.496(,i)-.4 G
.997(mported from other sources, or deri)-3.496 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(d).15 E
1.535(from data a)108 616.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.535
(ilable from the U.S. Census Bureau using the).25 F F2(citydecoder)4.035
E F0 1.535(utility included with)4.035 F F2(SPLA)4.035 E(T!)-.95 E F0(.)
A .152(Such data is a)108 628.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .153
(ilable free of char).25 F .153(ge via the Internet at:)-.18 F F1
(http://www)2.653 E(.census.go)-.74 E(v/g)-.1 E
(eo/www/cob/bdy_\214les.html)-.1 E F0(,)A(and must be in ASCII format.)
108 640.8 Q F3(CAR)72 657.6 Q -.197(TO)-.438 G(GRAPHIC BOUND).197 E(AR)
-.383 E 2.738(YD)-.383 G -1.644 -1.04(AT A)-3.121 H(FILES)3.778 E F0
1.17(Cartographic boundary data may also be imported to plot the bounda\
ries of cities, counties, or states on)108 669.6 R .071
(topographic maps generated by)108 681.6 R F2(SPLA)2.571 E(T!)-.95 E F0
5.071(.S)C .071
(uch data must be of the form of ARC/INFO Ungenerate \(ASCII)-5.071 F
-.15(Fo)108 693.6 S 1.262
(rmat\) Metadata Cartographic Boundary Files, and are a).15 F -.25(va)
-.2 G 1.262(ilable from the U.S.).25 F 1.262(Census Bureau via the)6.262
F 19.947(Internet at:)108 705.6 R F1(http://www)22.447 E(.census.go)-.74
E(v/g)-.1 E(eo/www/cob/co2000.html#ascii)-.1 E F0(and)22.448 E F1
(http://www)22.448 E(.cen-)-.74 E(sus.go)108 717.6 Q(v/g)-.1 E
(eo/www/cob/pl2000.html#ascii)-.1 E F0 7.85(.A)C 2.85(total of \214v)
-2.5 F 5.35(es)-.15 G 2.85(eparate cartographic boundary \214les may be)
-5.35 F .812(imported at a time.)108 729.6 R .812
(It is not necessary to import state boundaries if county boundaries ha)
5.812 F 1.113 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .813(lready been).15 F(KD2BD Softw)72 768
Q 121.215(are 15)-.1 F(No)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 2008).15 E(4)190.545
E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E(imported.)108 84 Q
/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 100.8 Q(OGRAM OPERA)-.329 E(TION)-1.04 E
/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)108 112.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 1.03(is in)3.53 F
-.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.53(dv).1 G 1.03
(ia the command-line using a series of switches and ar)-3.53 F 3.53
(guments. Since)-.18 F F2(SPLA)3.53 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.03(is a)3.53 F .745
(CPU and memory intensi)108 124.8 R 1.045 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .745
(pplication, this type of interf).15 F .745(ace minimizes o)-.1 F -.15
(ve)-.15 G .746(rhead and lends itself well to).15 F .422
(scripted \(batch\) operations.)108 136.8 R F2(SPLA)5.422 E(T!)-.95 E F0
1.522 -.55('s C)D .421
(PU and memory scheduling priority may be modi\214ed through the).55 F
(use of the Unix)108 148.8 Q F2(nice)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .225
(The number and type of switches passed to)108 172.8 R F2(SPLA)2.725 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 .226(determine its mode of operation and method of output)
2.725 F .008(data generation.)108 184.8 R .008(Nearly all of)5.008 F F2
(SPLA)2.508 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.108 -.55('s s)D .008
(witches may be cascaded in an).55 F 2.507(yo)-.15 G .007
(rder on the command line when)-2.507 F(in)108 196.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G
(king the program.).2 E(Simply typing)108 220.8 Q/F3 10/Courier@0 SF
(splat)2.5 E F0(on the command line will return a summary of)2.5 E F2
(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.1 -.55('s c)D(ommand line options:).55 E F3
(--==[ SPLAT! v1.3.0 Available Options... ]==--)186 244.8 Q
(-t txsite\(s\).qth \(max of 4 with -c, max of 30 with -L\))138 268.8 Q
(-r rxsite.qth)138 280.8 Q
(-c plot coverage of TX\(s\) with an RX antenna at X feet/meters AGL)138
292.8 Q(-L plot path loss map of TX based on an RX at X feet/meters AGL)
138 304.8 Q(-s filename\(s\) of city/site file\(s\) to import \(5 max\))
138 316.8 Q(-b filename\(s\) of cartographic boundary file\(s\) to impo\
rt \(5 max\))138 328.8 Q(-p filename of terrain profile graph to plot)
138 340.8 Q(-e filename of terrain elevation graph to plot)138 352.8 Q
(-h filename of terrain height graph to plot)138 364.8 Q
(-H filename of normalized terrain height graph to plot)138 376.8 Q
(-l filename of path loss graph to plot)138 388.8 Q
(-o filename of topographic map to generate \(.ppm\))138 400.8 Q
(-u filename of user-defined terrain file to import)138 412.8 Q
(-d sdf file directory path \(overrides path in ~/.splat_path file\))138
424.8 Q(-m earth radius multiplier)138 436.8 Q
(-n do not plot LOS paths in .ppm maps)138 448.8 Q
(-N do not produce unnecessary site or obstruction reports)138 460.8 Q
(-f frequency for Fresnel zone calculation \(MHz\))138 472.8 Q
(-R modify default range for -c or -L \(miles/kilometers\))138 484.8 Q
(-db threshold beyond which contours will not be displayed)132 496.8 Q
(-nf do not plot Fresnel zones in height plots)132 508.8 Q
(-fz Fresnel zone clearance percentage \(default = 60\))132 520.8 Q
(-gc ground clutter height \(feet/meters\))132 532.8 Q
(-ngs display greyscale topography as white in .ppm files)126 544.8 Q
(-erp override ERP in .lrp file \(Watts\))126 556.8 Q
(-ano name of alphanumeric output file)126 568.8 Q
(-ani name of alphanumeric input file)126 580.8 Q
(-udt filename of user defined terrain input file)126 592.8 Q
(-kml generate Google Earth \(.kml\) compatible output)126 604.8 Q
(-geo generate an Xastir .geo georeference file \(with .ppm output\))126
616.8 Q
(-dbm plot signal power level contours rather than field strength)126
628.8 Q .75
(-gpsav preserve gnuplot temporary working files after SPLAT! execution)
114 640.8 R
(-metric employ metric rather than imperial units for all user I/O)108
652.8 Q F0(The command-line options for)108 676.8 Q F3(splat)2.5 E F0
(and)2.5 E F3(splat-hd)2.5 E F0(are identical.)2.5 E F2(SPLA)108 700.8 Q
(T!)-.95 E F0 .69(operates in tw)3.19 F 3.19(od)-.1 G .69
(istinct modes:)-3.19 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .69(point-to-point mode)
3.19 F F0 3.19(,a)C(nd)-3.19 E F4(ar)3.19 E .69(ea pr)-.37 F .69
(ediction mode)-.37 F F0 5.69(.E)C .69(ither a line-of-)-5.69 F .334
(sight \(LOS\) or Longle)108 712.8 R .334(y-Rice Irre)-.15 F .334
(gular T)-.15 F .335(errain \(ITM\) propag)-.7 F .335
(ation model may be in)-.05 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(db).1 G
2.835(yt)-2.835 G .335(he user)-2.835 F 5.335(.T)-.55 G(rue)-5.685 E
.626(Earth, four)108 724.8 R .626(-thirds Earth, or an)-.2 F 3.126(yo)
-.15 G .626(ther user)-3.126 F .626
(-de\214ned Earth radius may be speci\214ed when performing line-of-)-.2
F(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.215(are 15)-.1 F(No)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
(mber 2008).15 E(5)190.545 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E(sight analysis.)108
84 Q/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(POINT)72 100.8 Q(-T)-1.007 E(O-POINT AN)
-.197 E(AL)-.219 E(YSIS)-1.007 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)108 112.8 Q
(T!)-.95 E F0 1.224
(may be used to perform line-of-sight terrain analysis between tw)3.724
F 3.725(os)-.1 G 1.225(peci\214ed site locations.)-3.725 F -.15(Fo)6.225
G(r).15 E -.15(ex)108 124.8 S(ample:).15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF
(splat -t tx_site.qth -r rx_site.qth)108 148.8 Q F0(in)108 172.8 Q -.2
(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.628(sal).1 G .128
(ine-of-sight terrain analysis between the transmitter speci\214ed in)
-2.628 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(tx_site)2.627 E(.qth)-.15 E F0 .127
(and recei)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.627(rs).15 G(peci\214ed)-2.627 E(in)
108 184.8 Q F4(rx_site)3.384 E(.qth)-.15 E F0 .884(using a T)3.384 F
.884(rue Earth radius model, and writes a)-.35 F F2(SPLA)3.384 E(T!)-.95
E F0 -.15(Pa)3.384 G .884(th Analysis Report to the current).15 F -.1
(wo)108 196.8 S .549(rking directory).1 F 5.549(.T)-.65 G .549
(he report contains details of the transmitter and recei)-5.549 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.048(rs).15 G .548(ites, and identi\214es the loca-)-3.048 F
.016(tion of an)108 208.8 R 2.516(yo)-.15 G .016
(bstructions detected along the line-of-sight path.)-2.516 F .017
(If an obstruction can be cleared by raising the)5.016 F(recei)108 220.8
Q .497 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .197(ntenna to a greater altitude,).15 F F2
(SPLA)2.697 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .197
(will indicate the minimum antenna height required for a line-)2.697 F
1.654(of-sight path to e)108 232.8 R 1.654
(xist between the transmitter and recei)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.154(rl)
.15 G 1.654(ocations speci\214ed.)-4.154 F 1.655
(Note that imperial units)6.655 F
(\(miles, feet\) are speci\214ed unless the)108 244.8 Q F4(-metric)2.5 E
F0(switch is added to)2.5 E F2(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.1 -.55('s c)D
(ommand line options:).55 E F3
(splat -t tx_site.qth -r rx_site.qth -metric)108 268.8 Q F0 .534(If the\
 antenna must be raised a signi\214cant amount, this determination may \
tak)108 292.8 R 3.033(eaf)-.1 G 1.033 -.25(ew m)-3.033 H 3.033
(oments. Note).25 F(that)3.033 E .329(the results pro)108 304.8 R .329
(vided are the)-.15 F F4(minimum)2.829 E F0 .329
(necessary for a line-of-sight path to e)2.829 F .33
(xist, and in the case of this sim-)-.15 F(ple e)108 316.8 Q
(xample, do not tak)-.15 E 2.5(eF)-.1 G
(resnel zone clearance requirements into consideration.)-2.5 E F4(qth)
108 340.8 Q F0 -.15(ex)2.534 G .034(tensions are assumed by).15 F F2
(SPLA)2.534 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .033
(for QTH \214les, and are optional when specifying -t and -r ar)2.534 F
(guments)-.18 E .532(on the command-line.)108 352.8 R F2(SPLA)5.532 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 .532(automatically reads all SPLA)3.032 F 3.032(TD)-1.11 G
.532(ata Files necessary to conduct the terrain)-3.032 F .912
(analysis between the sites speci\214ed.)108 364.8 R F2(SPLA)5.912 E(T!)
-.95 E F0 .911(searches for the required SDF \214les in the current w)
5.911 F(orking)-.1 E .188(directory \214rst.)108 376.8 R .188
(If the needed \214les are not found,)5.188 F F2(SPLA)2.688 E(T!)-.95 E
F0 .189(then searches in the path speci\214ed by the)2.688 F F4(-d)2.689
E F0(com-)2.689 E(mand-line switch:)108 388.8 Q F3
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -d /cdrom/sdf/)108 412.8 Q F0 .33(An e)108
436.8 R .329(xternal directory path may be speci\214ed by placing a ".s\
plat_path" \214le under the user')-.15 F 2.829(sh)-.55 G .329
(ome directory)-2.829 F(.)-.65 E 3.045(This \214le must contain the ful\
l directory path of last resort to all the SDF \214les.)108 448.8 R
3.045(The path in the)8.045 F F4($HOME/.splat_path)108 460.8 Q F0
(\214le must be of the form of a single line of ASCII te)2.5 E(xt:)-.15
E F3(/opt/splat/sdf/)108 484.8 Q F0(and can be generated using an)108
508.8 Q 2.5(yt)-.15 G -.15(ex)-2.5 G 2.5(te).15 G(ditor)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E
3.023(Ag)108 532.8 S .523
(raph of the terrain pro\214le between the recei)-3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.023(ra).15 G .523
(nd transmitter locations as a function of distance from)-3.023 F
(the recei)108 544.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rc).15 G
(an be generated by adding the)-2.5 E F4(-p)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F3
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -p terrain_profile.png)108 568.8 Q F2(SPLA)
108 592.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0(in)4.119 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(s).1 E F2
(gnuplot)4.119 E F0 1.619(when generating graphs.)4.119 F 1.619
(The \214lename e)6.619 F 1.619(xtension speci\214ed to)-.15 F F2(SPLA)
4.12 E(T!)-.95 E F0(deter)4.12 E(-)-.2 E .346
(mines the format of the graph produced.)108 604.8 R F4(.png)5.346 E F0
.346(will produce a 640x480 color PNG graphic \214le, while)2.846 F F4
(.ps)2.846 E F0(or)2.846 E F4(.postscript)108 616.8 Q F0 .15
(will produce postscript output.)2.65 F .151
(Output in formats such as GIF)5.151 F 2.651(,A)-.8 G .151
(dobe Illustrator)-2.651 F 2.651(,A)-.4 G .151(utoCAD dxf,)-2.651 F(LaT)
108 628.8 Q .16(eX, and man)-.7 F 2.66(yo)-.15 G .16(thers are a)-2.66 F
-.25(va)-.2 G 2.659(ilable. Please).25 F(consult)2.659 E F2(gnuplot)
2.659 E F0 2.659(,a)C(nd)-2.659 E F2(gnuplot)2.659 E F0 1.259 -.55('s d)
D .159(ocumentation for details on).55 F
(all the supported output formats.)108 640.8 Q 3.542(Ag)108 664.8 S
1.042(raph of ele)-3.542 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.042
(tions subtended by the terrain between the recei).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.542(ra).15 G 1.043(nd transmitter as a function of dis-)-3.542 F
(tance from the recei)108 676.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rc).15 G
(an be generated by using the)-2.5 E F4(-e)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F3
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -e elevation_profile.png)108 700.8 Q F0
1.611(The graph produced using this switch illustrates the ele)108 724.8
R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.61(tion and depression angles resulting from the).25
F(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.215(are 15)-.1 F(No)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
(mber 2008).15 E(6)190.545 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E .832
(terrain between the recei)108 84 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(r').15 E 3.332(sl)
-.55 G .832(ocation and the transmitter site from the perspecti)-3.332 F
1.132 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 3.332(ft).15 G .832(he recei)-3.332 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G(r').15 E 3.332(sl)-.55 G(oca-)-3.332 E 3.318(tion. A)108 96 R
.817(second trace is plotted between the left side of the graph \(recei)
3.318 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r').15 E 3.317(sl)-.55 G .817
(ocation\) and the location of)-3.317 F .782
(the transmitting antenna on the right.)108 108 R .782
(This trace illustrates the ele)5.782 F -.25(va)-.25 G .782
(tion angle required for a line-of-sight).25 F .891(path to e)108 120 R
.891(xist between the recei)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.391(ra).15 G .891
(nd transmitter locations.)-3.391 F .89(If the trace intersects the ele)
5.891 F -.25(va)-.25 G .89(tion pro\214le at).25 F(an)108 132 Q 2.593
(yp)-.15 G .093(oint on the graph, then this is an indication that a li\
ne-of-sight path does not e)-2.593 F .094(xist under the conditions)-.15
F(gi)108 144 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(n, and the obstructions can be clearly id\
enti\214ed on the graph at the point\(s\) of intersection.).15 E 3.671
(Ag)108 168 S 1.171(raph illustrating terrain height referenced to a li\
ne-of-sight path between the transmitter and recei)-3.671 F -.15(ve)-.25
G(r).15 E(may be generated using the)108 180 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(-h)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -h height_profile.png)108 204 Q F0 3.245
(At)108 228 S .745
(errain height plot normalized to the transmitter and recei)-3.245 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.245(ra).15 G .745
(ntenna heights can be obtained using the)-3.245 F F1(-H)108 240 Q F0
(switch:)2.5 E F2
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -H normalized_height_profile.png)108 264 Q
F0 2.5(Ac)108 288 S(ontour of the Earth')-2.5 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G(urv)-2.5 E
(ature is also plotted in this mode.)-.25 E .635(The \214rst Fresnel Zo\
ne, and 60% of the \214rst Fresnel Zone can be added to height pro\214l\
e graphs by adding)108 312 R(the)108 324 Q F1(-f)2.5 E F0
(switch, and specifying a frequenc)2.5 E 2.5(y\()-.15 G
(in MHz\) at which the Fresnel Zone should be modeled:)-2.5 E F2(splat \
-t tx_site -r rx_site -f 439.250 -H normalized_height_profile.png)108
348 Q F0(Fresnel Zone clearances other 60% can be speci\214ed using the)
108 372 Q F1(-fz)2.5 E F0(switch as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -f 439.250 -fz 75 -H height_profile2.png)
108 396 Q F0 2.5(Ag)108 420 S(raph sho)-2.5 E(wing Longle)-.25 E
(y-Rice path loss may be plotted using the)-.15 E F1(-l)2.5 E F0
(switch:)2.5 E F2(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -l path_loss_profile.png)
108 444 Q F0 1.102(As before, adding the)108 468 R F1(-metric)3.602 E F0
1.102
(switch forces the graphs to be plotted using metric units of measure.)
3.602 F(The)6.103 E F1(-gpsav)108 480 Q F0 .233(switch instructs)2.733 F
/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)2.733 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .233(to preserv)2.733 F
2.733(e\()-.15 G .233(rather than delete\) the)-2.733 F F3(gnuplot)2.733
E F0 -.1(wo)2.733 G .232(rking \214les generated during).1 F F3(SPLA)108
492 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 -.15(exe)2.5 G(cution, allo).15 E
(wing the user to edit these \214les and re-run)-.25 E F3(gnuplot)2.5 E
F0(if desired.)2.5 E .735(When performing a point-to-point analysis, a)
108 516 R F3(SPLA)3.235 E(T!)-.95 E F0 -.15(Pa)3.235 G .735
(th Analysis Report is generated in the form of a).15 F(te)108 528 Q
.528(xt \214le with a)-.15 F F1(.txt)3.028 E F0 .528(\214lename e)3.028
F 3.028(xtension. The)-.15 F .528
(report contains bearings and distances between the transmitter)3.028 F
.605(and recei)108 540 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.405 -.4(r, a).15 H 3.105(sw).4
G .605(ell as the free-space and Longle)-3.105 F .605
(y-Rice path loss for the path being analyzed.)-.15 F .606(The mode)
5.606 F .935(of propag)108 552 R .935(ation for the path is gi)-.05 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(na).15 G(s)-3.434 E F1(Line-of-Sight)3.434 E F0(,)A
F1 .934(Single Horizon)3.434 F F0(,)A F1 .934(Double Horizon)3.434 F F0
(,)A F1(Dif)3.434 E(fr)-.18 E .934(action Domi-)-.15 F(nant)108 564 Q F0
2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1 -1.85 -.55(Tr o)2.5 H(poscatter Dominant).55 E F0
(.)A .126(Distances and locations to kno)108 588 R .127
(wn obstructions along the path between transmitter and recei)-.25 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.627(ra).15 G .127(re also pro-)-2.627 F 3.268
(vided. If)108 600 R .767(the transmitter')3.268 F 3.267(se)-.55 G -.25
(ff)-3.267 G(ecti).25 E 1.067 -.15(ve r)-.25 H .767(adiated po).15 F
.767(wer is speci\214ed in the transmitter')-.25 F 3.267(sc)-.55 G
(orresponding)-3.267 E F1(.lrp)3.267 E F0(\214le,)3.267 E 1.39
(then predicted signal strength and antenna v)108 612 R 1.391
(oltage at the recei)-.2 F 1.391(ving location is also pro)-.25 F 1.391
(vided in the P)-.15 F(ath)-.15 E(Analysis Report.)108 624 Q 2.36 -.8
(To d)108 648 T .76(etermine the signal-to-noise \(SNR\) ratio at remot\
e location where random Johnson \(thermal\) noise is).8 F
(the primary limiting f)108 660 Q(actor in reception:)-.1 E F1(SNR)
108.33 684 Q/F4 10/Symbol SF(=)3.07 E F1(T)2.71 E F4(-)3.47 E F1(NJ)2.9
E F4(-)3.17 E F1(L)2.78 E F4(+)2.73 E F1(G)2.18 E F4(-)2.7 E F1(NF)2.9 E
F0(where)108 708 Q F3(T)2.714 E F0 .215
(is the ERP of the transmitter in dBW in the direction of the recei)
2.714 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G F3(NJ)3.115 E F0 .215
(is Johnson Noise in dBW)2.715 F .725(\(-136 dBW for a 6 MHz tele)108
720 R .725(vision channel\),)-.25 F F3(L)3.225 E F0 .725
(is the path loss pro)3.225 F .725(vided by)-.15 F F3(SPLA)3.225 E(T!)
-.95 E F0 .725(in dB \(as a)5.725 F F1(positive)3.225 E F0(KD2BD Softw)
72 768 Q 121.215(are 15)-.1 F(No)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 2008).15 E(7)
190.545 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E(number\),)108 84 Q
/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(G)2.5 E F0(is the recei)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H
(ntenna g).15 E(ain in dB o)-.05 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(ri).15 G
(sotropic, and)-2.5 E F1(NF)2.5 E F0(is the recei)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
2.5(rn).15 G(oise \214gure in dB.)-2.5 E F1(T)108 108 Q F0
(may be computed as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(T)
107.91 132 Q/F3 10/Symbol SF(=)4.07 E F2(TI)2.71 E F3(+)3.21 E F2(GT)
2.18 E F0(where)108 156 Q F1(TI)3.055 E F0 .555
(is actual amount of RF po)3.055 F .555(wer deli)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
.555(red to the transmitting antenna in dBW).15 F(,)-.92 E F1(GT)3.055 E
F0 .555(is the transmit-)3.055 F .67(ting antenna g)108 168 R .67
(ain \(o)-.05 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.17(ri).15 G .67
(sotropic\) in the direction of the recei)-3.17 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.169
(r\().15 G .669(or the horizon if the recei)-3.169 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.169(ri).15 G 3.169(so)-3.169 G -.15(ve)-3.319 G 3.169(rt).15 G(he)
-3.169 E(horizon\).)108 180 Q 1.801 -.8(To c)108 204 T .201(ompute ho).8
F 2.701(wm)-.25 G .202(uch more signal is a)-2.701 F -.25(va)-.2 G .202
(ilable o).25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.702(rt).15 G .202
(he minimum to necessary to achie)-2.702 F .502 -.15(ve a s)-.25 H .202
(peci\214c signal-).15 F(to-noise ratio:)108 216 Q F2(Signal)108.33 240
Q F0(_).51 E F2(Margin).68 E F3(=)3.04 E F2(SNR)3.13 E F3(-)2.47 E F2(S)
2.53 E F0(where)108 264 Q F1(S)3.849 E F0 1.349
(is the minimum required SNR ratio \(15.5 dB for A)3.849 F 1.349
(TSC \(8-le)-1.11 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.849(lV).15 G 1.349(SB\) DTV)-3.849
F 3.849(,4)-1.29 G 3.849(2d)-3.849 G 3.848(Bf)-3.849 G 1.348(or analog)
-3.848 F(NTSC tele)108 276 Q(vision\).)-.25 E 2.61(At)108 300 S .11
(opographic map may be generated by)-2.61 F F1(SPLA)2.611 E(T!)-.95 E F0
.111(to visualize the path between the transmitter and recei)2.611 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .099(sites from yet another perspecti)108 312 R
-.15(ve)-.25 G 5.099(.T).15 G .099(opographic maps generated by)-5.899 F
F1(SPLA)2.598 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .098(display ele)2.598 F -.25(va)-.25 G
.098(tions using a log-).25 F .335(arithmic grayscale, with higher ele)
108 324 R -.25(va)-.25 G .335
(tions represented through brighter shades of gray).25 F 5.336(.T)-.65 G
.336(he dynamic range)-5.336 F .257
(of the image is scaled between the highest and lo)108 336 R .257
(west ele)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .257(tions present in the map.).25 F
.257(The only e)5.257 F .257(xception to)-.15 F(this is sea-le)108 348 Q
-.15(ve)-.25 G(l, which is represented using the color blue.).15 E -.8
(To)108 372 S(pographic output is in).8 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5
(du).1 G(sing the)-2.5 E F2(-o)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -o topo_map.ppm)108 396 Q F0(The)108 420 Q
F2(.ppm)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G
(tension on the output \214lename is assumed by).15 E F1(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)
-.95 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd is optional.)-2.5 E .006(In this e)108 444 R
(xample,)-.15 E F2(topo_map.ppm)2.506 E F0 .007
(will illustrate the locations of the transmitter and recei)2.506 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.507(rs).15 G .007(ites speci\214ed.)-2.507 F(In)5.007 E .22
(addition, the great circle path between the tw)108 456 R 2.72(os)-.1 G
.22(ites will be dra)-2.72 F .22(wn o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.72(rl).15
G .22(ocations for which an unobstructed)-2.72 F 1.208(path e)108 468 R
1.209(xists to the transmitter at a recei)-.15 F 1.209
(ving antenna height equal to that of the recei)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.709(rs).15 G 1.209(ite \(speci\214ed in)-3.709 F F2(rx_site)108 480 Q
(.qth)-.15 E F0(\).)A .773(It may desirable to populate the topographic\
 map with names and locations of cities, to)108 504 R .773
(wer sites, or other)-.25 F(important locations.)108 516 Q 2.5(Ac)5 G
(ity \214le may be passed to)-2.5 E F1(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0
(using the)2.5 E F2(-s)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F4
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -s cities.dat -o topo_map)108 540 Q F0
(Up to \214v)108 564 Q 2.5(es)-.15 G
(eparate city \214les may be passed to)-2.5 E F1(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0
(at a time follo)2.5 E(wing the)-.25 E F2(-s)2.5 E F0(switch.)2.5 E .554
(County and state boundaries may be added to the map by specifying up t\
o \214v)108 588 R 3.055(eU)-.15 G .555(.S. Census Bureau carto-)-3.055 F
(graphic boundary \214les using the)108 600 Q F2(-b)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5
E F4(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -b co34_d00.dat -o topo_map)108 624 Q
F0 1.064
(In situations where multiple transmitter sites are in use, as man)108
648 R 3.563(ya)-.15 G 3.563(sf)-3.563 G 1.063
(our site locations may be passed to)-3.563 F F1(SPLA)108 660 Q(T!)-.95
E F0(at a time for analysis:)2.5 E F4
(splat -t tx_site1 tx_site2 tx_site3 tx_site4 -r rx_site -p profile.png)
108 684 Q F0 .285(In this e)108 708 R .285(xample, four separate terrai\
n pro\214les and obstruction reports will be generated by)-.15 F F1
(SPLA)2.785 E(T!)-.95 E F0 5.285(.A)C(sin-)-2.5 E .509
(gle topographic map can be speci\214ed using the)108 720 R F2(-o)3.009
E F0 .508(switch, and line-of-sight paths between each transmitter)3.009
F(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.215(are 15)-.1 F(No)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
(mber 2008).15 E(8)190.545 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E .816(and the recei)
108 84 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.316(rs).15 G .816
(ite indicated will be produced on the map, each in its o)-3.316 F .817
(wn color)-.25 F 5.817(.T)-.55 G .817(he path between the)-5.817 F .767
(\214rst transmitter speci\214ed to the recei)108 96 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.267(rw).15 G .766
(ill be in green, the path between the second transmitter and the)-3.267
F(recei)108 108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.463(rw).15 G .963(ill be in c)-3.463
F .964(yan, the path between the third transmitter and the recei)-.15 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.464(rw).15 G .964(ill be in violet, and the)-3.464 F
(path between the fourth transmitter and the recei)108 120 Q -.15(ve)
-.25 G 2.5(rw).15 G(ill be in sienna.)-2.5 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)
108 144 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .59(generated topographic maps are 24-bit T)3.09
F .59(rueColor Portable PixMap \(PPM\) images.)-.35 F(The)5.59 E 3.09
(ym)-.15 G .59(ay be)-3.09 F(vie)108 156 Q 1.06(wed, edited, or con)-.25
F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.06(rted to other graphic formats by popular image vie)
.15 F 1.06(wing applications such as)-.25 F F1(xv)3.56 E F0(,)A F1 1.66
(The GIMP)108 168 R F0(,)A F1(ImageMagick)4.16 E F0 4.16(,a)C(nd)-4.16 E
F1(XP)4.16 E(aint)-.1 E F0 6.66(.P)C 1.66
(NG format is highly recommended for lossless compressed)-6.66 F .726
(storage of)108 180 R F1(SPLA)3.226 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .726
(generated topographic output \214les.)5.726 F F1(ImageMagick)5.726 E F0
1.827 -.55('s c)D .727(ommand-line utility easily con-).55 F -.15(ve)108
192 S(rts).15 E F1(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.1 -.55('s P)D
(PM \214les to PNG format:).55 E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF
(convert splat_map.ppm splat_map.png)108 216 Q F0 17.667(Another e)108
240 R 17.667(xcellent PPM to PNG command-line utility is a)-.15 F -.25
(va)-.2 G 17.666(ilable at:).25 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(http://www)108
252 Q(.libpng)-.74 E(.or)-.15 E(g/pub/png/book/sour)-.37 E(ces.html)-.37
E F0 5.152(.A)C 2.652(sal)-5.152 G .153
(ast resort, PPM \214les may be compressed using the)-2.652 F
(bzip2 utility)108 264 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd read directly by)-2.5 E F1
(The GIMP)2.5 E F0(in this format.)2.5 E(The)108 288 Q F3(-ngs)2.573 E
F0 .072(option assigns all terrain to the color white, and can be used \
when it is desirable to generate a map)2.573 F(that is de)108 300 Q -.2
(vo)-.25 G(id of terrain:).2 E F2
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -b co34_d00.dat -ngs -o white_map)108 324 Q
F0 2.452(The resulting .ppm image \214le can be con)108 348 R -.15(ve)
-.4 G 2.452(rted to .png format with a transparent background using).15
F F1(ImageMagick)108 360 Q F0 -.55('s)C F1(con)3.05 E -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt).1
E F0(utility:)2.5 E F2
(convert -transparent "#FFFFFF" white_map.ppm transparent_map.png)108
384 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REGION)72 400.8 Q(AL CO)-.219 E(VERA)
-.548 E(GE AN)-.602 E(AL)-.219 E(YSIS)-1.007 E F1(SPLA)108 412.8 Q(T!)
-.95 E F0 .098(can analyze a transmitter or repeater site, or netw)2.599
F .098(ork of sites, and predict the re)-.1 F .098(gional co)-.15 F -.15
(ve)-.15 G .098(rage for).15 F .682(each site speci\214ed.)108 424.8 R
.682(In this mode,)5.682 F F1(SPLA)3.183 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .683
(can generate a topographic map displaying the geometric line-)3.183 F
.163(of-sight co)108 436.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G .163(rage area of the sites\
 based on the location of each site and the height of recei).15 F .462
-.15(ve a)-.25 H .162(ntenna wish-).15 F .331
(ing to communicate with the site in question.)108 448.8 R 2.831(Ar)
5.331 G -.15(eg)-2.831 G .331(ional analysis may be performed by).15 F
F1(SPLA)2.832 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .332(using the)2.832 F F3(-c)108 460.8 Q F0
(switch as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2
(splat -t tx_site -c 30.0 -s cities.dat -b co34_d00.dat -o tx_coverage)
108 484.8 Q F0 .27(In this e)108 508.8 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(SPLA)2.77 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 .269(generates a topographic map called)2.769 F F3(tx_co)
2.769 E(ver)-.1 E -.1(age)-.15 G(.ppm)-.05 E F0 .269
(that illustrates the predicted)2.769 F 1.534(line-of-sight re)108 520.8
R 1.534(gional co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.534(rage of).15 F F3(tx_site)
4.034 E F0 1.535(to recei)4.034 F 1.535(ving locations ha)-.25 F 1.535
(ving antennas 30.0 feet abo)-.2 F 1.835 -.15(ve g)-.15 H(round).15 E
(le)108 532.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.162(l\().15 G -.4(AG)-3.162 G 3.162
(L\). If).4 F(the)3.162 E F3(-metric)3.162 E F0 .662
(switch is used, the ar)3.162 F .662(gument follo)-.18 F .662(wing the)
-.25 F F3(-c)3.162 E F0 .661(switch is interpreted as being in)3.161 F
.301(meters rather than in feet.)108 544.8 R .301(The contents of)5.301
F F3(cities.dat)2.802 E F0 .302
(are plotted on the map, as are the cartographic bound-)2.802 F
(aries contained in the \214le)108 556.8 Q F3(co34_d00.dat)2.5 E F0(.)A
.572(When plotting line-of-sight paths and areas of re)108 580.8 R .572
(gional co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(rage,).15 E F1(SPLA)3.072 E(T!)-.95 E
F0 .572(by def)3.072 F .572(ault does not account for)-.1 F .031(the ef)
108 592.8 R .032(fects of atmospheric bending.)-.25 F(Ho)5.032 E(we)-.25
E -.15(ve)-.25 G .832 -.4(r, t).15 H .032(his beha).4 F .032
(vior may be modi\214ed by using the Earth radius mul-)-.2 F(tiplier \()
108 604.8 Q F3(-m)A F0 2.5(\)s)C(witch:)-2.5 E F2 3.273
(splat -t wnjt-dt -c 30.0 -m 1.333 -s cities.dat -b counties.dat -o)108
628.8 R(map.ppm)108 640.8 Q F0 .594
(An earth radius multiplier of 1.333 instructs)108 664.8 R F1(SPLA)3.095
E(T!)-.95 E F0 .595(to use the "four)3.095 F .595
(-thirds earth" model for line-of-sight)-.2 F(propag)108 676.8 Q
(ation analysis.)-.05 E(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G
(ppropriate earth radius multiplier may be selected by the user)-2.5 E
(.)-.55 E .713(When performing a re)108 700.8 R .712(gional analysis,)
-.15 F F1(SPLA)3.212 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .712
(generates a site report for each station analyzed.)3.212 F F1(SPLA)
5.712 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .658(site reports contain details of the site')108
712.8 R 3.159(sg)-.55 G .659(eographic location, its height abo)-3.159 F
.959 -.15(ve m)-.15 H .659(ean sea le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .659
(l, the antenna').15 F(s)-.55 E 1.662(height abo)108 724.8 R 1.962 -.15
(ve m)-.15 H 1.662(ean sea le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.662
(l, the antenna').15 F 4.162(sh)-.55 G 1.662(eight abo)-4.162 F 1.962
-.15(ve a)-.15 H -.15(ve)-.05 G 1.662
(rage terrain, and the height of the a).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(rage).15 E
(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.215(are 15)-.1 F(No)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
(mber 2008).15 E(9)190.545 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E
(terrain calculated to)108 84 Q -.1(wa)-.25 G
(rd the bearings of 0, 45, 90, 135, 180, 225, 270, and 315 de).1 E
(grees azimuth.)-.15 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(DETERMINING MUL)72 100.8
Q(TIPLE REGIONS OF LOS CO)-1.007 E(VERA)-.548 E(GE)-.602 E/F2 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)108 112.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 1.086
(can also display line-of-sight co)3.586 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.086
(rage areas for as man).15 F 3.586(ya)-.15 G 3.586(sf)-3.586 G 1.087
(our separate transmitter sites on a)-3.586 F(common topographic map.)
108 124.8 Q -.15(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF
(splat -t site1 site2 site3 site4 -c 10.0 -metric -o network.ppm)108
148.8 Q F0 .687(plots the re)108 172.8 R .687(gional line-of-sight co)
-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .687
(rage of site1, site2, site3, and site4 based on a recei).15 F .986 -.15
(ve a)-.25 H .686(ntenna located).15 F .762(10.0 meters abo)108 184.8 R
1.062 -.15(ve g)-.15 H .762(round le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.262(l. A).15
F .763(topographic map is then written to the \214le)3.262 F/F4 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(network.ppm)3.263 E F0 5.763(.T)C .763(he line-of-)
-5.763 F .303(sight co)108 196.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G .303
(rage area of the transmitters are plotted as follo).15 F .302
(ws in the colors indicated \(along with their corre-)-.25 F
(sponding RGB v)108 208.8 Q(alues in decimal\):)-.25 E F3
(site1: Green \(0,255,0\))132 232.8 Q(site2: Cyan \(0,255,255\))132
244.8 Q(site3: Medium Violet \(147,112,219\))132 256.8 Q
(site4: Sienna 1 \(255,130,71\))132 268.8 Q
(site1 + site2: Yellow \(255,255,0\))132 292.8 Q
(site1 + site3: Pink \(255,192,203\))132 304.8 Q
(site1 + site4: Green Yellow \(173,255,47\))132 316.8 Q
(site2 + site3: Orange \(255,165,0\))132 328.8 Q
(site2 + site4: Dark Sea Green 1 \(193,255,193\))132 340.8 Q
(site3 + site4: Dark Turquoise \(0,206,209\))132 352.8 Q
(site1 + site2 + site3: Dark Green \(0,100,0\))132 376.8 Q
(site1 + site2 + site4: Blanched Almond \(255,235,205\))132 388.8 Q
(site1 + site3 + site4: Medium Spring Green \(0,250,154\))132 400.8 Q
(site2 + site3 + site4: Tan \(210,180,140\))132 412.8 Q
(site1 + site2 + site3 + site4: Gold2 \(238,201,0\))132 436.8 Q F0 .246
(If separate)108 460.8 R F4(.qth)2.746 E F0 .247
(\214les are generated, each representing a common site location b)2.747
F .247(ut a dif)-.2 F .247(ferent antenna height,)-.25 F 3.536(as)108
472.8 S 1.036(ingle topographic map illustrating the re)-3.536 F 1.036
(gional co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.036(rage from as man).15 F 3.535(ya)
-.15 G 3.535(sf)-3.535 G 1.035(our separate locations on a)-3.535 F
(single to)108 484.8 Q(wer may be generated by)-.25 E F2(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)
-.95 E F0(.)A F1 -.81(PA)72 501.6 S(TH LOSS AN)-.23 E(AL)-.219 E(YSIS)
-1.007 E F0 .344(If the)108 513.6 R F4(-c)2.844 E F0 .344
(switch is replaced by a)2.844 F F4(-L)2.844 E F0 .344(switch, a Longle)
2.844 F .345(y-Rice path loss map for a transmitter site may be gen-)
-.15 F(erated:)108 525.6 Q F3
(splat -t wnjt -L 30.0 -s cities.dat -b co34_d00.dat -o path_loss_map)
108 549.6 Q F0 .591(In this mode,)108 573.6 R F2(SPLA)3.091 E(T!)-.95 E
F0 .591(generates a multi-color map illustrating e)3.091 F .591
(xpected signal le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59(ls in areas surrounding).15
F .277(the transmitter site.)108 585.6 R 2.778(Al)5.278 G -.15(eg)-2.778
G .278(end at the bottom of the map correlates each color with a speci\
\214c path loss range).15 F(in decibels.)108 597.6 Q(The)108 621.6 Q F4
(-db)3.645 E F0 1.145(switch allo)3.645 F 1.145
(ws a threshold to be set be)-.25 F 1.145
(yond which contours will not be plotted on the map.)-.15 F -.15(Fo)
6.144 G(r).15 E -.15(ex)108 633.6 S .103(ample, if a path loss be).15 F
.103(yond -140 dB is irrele)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .103(nt to the surv)
.25 F .404 -.15(ey b)-.15 H .104(eing conducted,).15 F F2(SPLA)2.604 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 1.204 -.55('s p)D .104(ath loss plot).55 F
(can be constrained to the re)108 645.6 Q
(gion bounded by the 140 dB attenuation contour as follo)-.15 E(ws:)-.25
E F3 3.818
(splat -t wnjt-dt -L 30.0 -s cities.dat -b co34_d00.dat -db 140 -o)108
669.6 R(plot.ppm)108 681.6 Q F0
(The path loss contour threshold may be e)108 705.6 Q
(xpressed as either a positi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 2.5(rn).15 G
-2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve q)-.25 H(uantity).15 E(.)-.65
E .094(The path loss analysis range may be modi\214ed to a user)108
729.6 R .095(-speci\214c distance using the)-.2 F F4(-R)2.595 E F0 2.595
(switch. The)2.595 F(ar)2.595 E(gument)-.18 E(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q
121.215(are 15)-.1 F(No)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 2008).15 E(10)185.545
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E 1.023(must be gi)108
84 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.522(ni).15 G 3.522(nm)-3.522 G 1.022
(iles \(or kilometers if the)-3.522 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(-metric)
3.522 E F0 1.022(switch is used\).)3.522 F 1.022
(If a range wider than the generated)6.022 F .926
(topographic map is speci\214ed,)108 96 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)
3.426 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .926(will perform Longle)3.426 F .926
(y-Rice path loss calculations between all four)-.15 F
(corners of the area prediction map.)108 108 Q .842
(The colors used to illustrate contour re)108 132 R .842(gions in)-.15 F
F2(SPLA)3.342 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .842(generated co)3.342 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
.842(rage maps may be tailored by the).15 F .154
(user by creating or modifying)108 144 R F2(SPLA)2.654 E(T!)-.95 E F0
1.255 -.55('s c)D .155(olor de\214nition \214les.).55 F F2(SPLA)5.155 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 .155(color de\214nition \214les ha)2.655 F .455 -.15(ve t)
-.2 H .155(he same).15 F .098(base name as the transmitter')108 156 R(s)
-.55 E F1(.qth)2.598 E F0 .098(\214le, b)2.598 F .098(ut carry)-.2 F F1
(.lcf)2.598 E F0(,)A F1(.scf)2.598 E F0 2.598(,a)C(nd)-2.598 E F1(.dcf)
2.598 E F0 -.15(ex)2.598 G 2.598(tensions. If).15 F .098
(the necessary \214le does not)2.598 F -.15(ex)108 168 S .348
(ist in the current w).15 F .348(orking when)-.1 F F2(SPLA)2.848 E(T!)
-.95 E F0 .348(is run, a \214le containing def)5.348 F .348
(ault color de\214nition parameters that)-.1 F(is suitable for manual e\
diting by the user is written into the current directory)108 180 Q(.)
-.65 E .238(When a re)108 204 R .237(gional Longle)-.15 F .237
(y-Rice analysis is performed and the transmitter')-.15 F 2.737(sE)-.55
G .237(RP is not speci\214ed or is zero, a)-2.737 F F1(.lcf)108 216 Q F0
.943(path loss color de\214nition \214le corresponding to the transmitt\
er site \()3.442 F F1(.qth)A F0 3.443(\)i)C 3.443(sr)-3.443 G .943
(ead by)-3.443 F F2(SPLA)3.443 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .943(from the)3.443 F .378
(current w)108 228 R .378(orking directory)-.1 F 5.378(.I)-.65 G 2.878
(fa)-5.378 G F1(.lcf)A F0 .378
(\214le corresponding to the transmitter site is not found, then a def)
2.878 F .377(ault \214le)-.1 F
(suitable for manual editing by the user is automatically generated by)
108 240 Q F2(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0(.)A 2.5(Ap)108 264 S
(ath loss color de\214nition \214le possesses the follo)-2.5 E
(wing structure \()-.25 E F1(wnjt-dt.lcf)A F0(\):)A/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6
(;S)114 288 S
(PLAT! Auto-generated Path-Loss Color Definition \("wnjt-dt.lcf"\) File)
-6 E(;)114 300 Q 6(;F)114 312 S
(ormat for the parameters held in this file is as follows:)-6 E(;)114
324 Q 24(;d)114 336 S(B: red, green, blue)-24 E(;)114 348 Q 6(;.)114 360
S(..where "dB" is the path loss \(in dB\) and)-6 E 6(;")114 372 S
(red", "green", and "blue" are the corresponding RGB color)-6 E 6(;d)114
384 S(efinitions ranging from 0 to 255 for the region specified.)-6 E(;)
114 396 Q 6(;T)114 408 S
(he following parameters may be edited and/or expanded)-6 E 6(;f)114 420
S(or future runs of SPLAT!)-6 E 6(At)12 G(otal of 32 contour regions)-6
E 6(;m)114 432 S(ay be defined in this file.)-6 E(;)114 444 Q(;)114 456
Q(80: 255,)120 468 Q 12(0, 0)18 F(90: 255, 128,)120 480 Q(0)18 E
(100: 255, 165,)114 492 Q(0)18 E(110: 255, 206,)114 504 Q(0)18 E
(120: 255, 255,)114 516 Q(0)18 E(130: 184, 255,)114 528 Q(0)18 E 12
(140: 0,)114 540 R 12(255, 0)6 F 12(150: 0,)114 552 R 12(208, 0)6 F 12
(160: 0,)114 564 R(196, 196)6 E 12(170: 0,)114 576 R(148, 255)6 E 6
(180: 80, 80,)114 588 R(255)6 E 12(190: 0,)114 600 R(38, 255)12 E
(200: 142,)114 612 Q(63, 255)12 E(210: 196,)114 624 Q(54, 255)12 E
(220: 255,)114 636 Q(0, 255)18 E(230: 255, 194, 204)114 648 Q F0 .747(I\
f the path loss is less than 80 dB, the color Red \(RGB = 255, 0, 0\) i\
s assigned to the re)108 672 R 3.247(gion. If)-.15 F .747(the path)3.247
F .158(loss is greater than or equal to 80 dB, b)108 684 R .158(ut less\
 than 90 db, then Dark Orange \(255, 128, 0\) is assigned to the)-.2 F
(re)108 696 Q 3.18(gion. Orange)-.15 F .68
(\(255, 165, 0\) is assigned to re)3.18 F .68(gions ha)-.15 F .679
(ving a path loss greater than or equal to 90 dB, b)-.2 F(ut)-.2 E
(less than 100 dB, and so on.)108 708 Q(Gre)5 E
(yscale terrain is displayed be)-.15 E
(yond the 230 dB path loss contour)-.15 E(.)-.55 E(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q
121.215(are 15)-.1 F(No)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 2008).15 E(11)185.545
E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10.95
/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIELD STRENGTH AN)72 84 Q(AL)-.219 E(YSIS)-1.007 E F0
.472(If the transmitter')108 96 R 2.972(se)-.55 G -.25(ff)-2.972 G(ecti)
.25 E .772 -.15(ve r)-.25 H .472(adiated po).15 F .472
(wer \(ERP\) is speci\214ed in the transmitter')-.25 F(s)-.55 E/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(.lrp)2.973 E F0 .473(\214le, or e)2.973 F .473
(xpressed on)-.15 F .73(the command-line using the)108 108 R F2(-erp)
3.23 E F0 .73
(switch, \214eld strength contours referenced to decibels o)3.23 F -.15
(ve)-.15 G 3.23(ro).15 G .73(ne micro)-3.23 F -.2(vo)-.15 G(lt).2 E
(per meter \(dBuV/m\) rather than path loss are produced:)108 120 Q/F3
10/Courier@0 SF(splat -t wnjt-dt -L 30.0 -erp 46000 -db 30 -o plot.ppm)
108 144 Q F0(The)108 168 Q F2(-db)3.249 E F0 .749
(switch can be used in this mode as before to limit the e)3.249 F .749
(xtent to which \214eld strength contours are)-.15 F 5.326
(plotted. When)108 180 R 2.826(plotting \214eld strength contours, ho)
5.326 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.625 -.4(r, t).15 H 2.825(he ar).4 F
2.825(gument gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.325(ni).15 G 5.325(si)-5.325 G
2.825(nterpreted as being)-5.325 F -.15(ex)108 192 S(pressed in dBuV/m.)
.15 E/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)108 216 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .477
(\214eld strength color de\214nition \214les share a v)2.977 F .478
(ery similar structure to)-.15 F F2(.lcf)2.978 E F0 .478
(\214les used for plotting path)2.978 F(loss:)108 228 Q F3 6(;S)114 252
S(PLAT! Auto-generated Signal Color Definition \("wnjt-dt.scf"\) File)-6
E(;)114 264 Q 6(;F)114 276 S
(ormat for the parameters held in this file is as follows:)-6 E(;)114
288 Q 24(;d)114 300 S(BuV/m: red, green, blue)-24 E(;)114 312 Q 6(;.)114
324 S(..where "dBuV/m" is the signal strength \(in dBuV/m\) and)-6 E 6
(;")114 336 S(red", "green", and "blue" are the corresponding RGB color)
-6 E 6(;d)114 348 S
(efinitions ranging from 0 to 255 for the region specified.)-6 E(;)114
360 Q 6(;T)114 372 S
(he following parameters may be edited and/or expanded)-6 E 6(;f)114 384
S(or future runs of SPLAT!)-6 E 6(At)12 G(otal of 32 contour regions)-6
E 6(;m)114 396 S(ay be defined in this file.)-6 E(;)114 408 Q(;)114 420
Q(128: 255,)114 432 Q 12(0, 0)18 F(118: 255, 165,)114 444 Q(0)18 E
(108: 255, 206,)114 456 Q(0)18 E(98: 255, 255,)120 468 Q(0)18 E
(88: 184, 255,)120 480 Q(0)18 E 12(78: 0,)120 492 R 12(255, 0)6 F 12
(68: 0,)120 504 R 12(208, 0)6 F 12(58: 0,)120 516 R(196, 196)6 E 12
(48: 0,)120 528 R(148, 255)6 E 6(38: 80, 80,)120 540 R(255)6 E 12
(28: 0,)120 552 R(38, 255)12 E(18: 142,)120 564 Q(63, 255)12 E(8: 140,)
126 576 Q(0, 128)18 E F0 .094
(If the signal strength is greater than or equal to 128 dB o)108 600 R
-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.594(r1m).15 G(icro)-2.594 E -.2(vo)-.15 G .094
(lt per meter \(dBuV/m\), the color Red).2 F .856
(\(255, 0, 0\) is displayed for the re)108 612 R 3.356(gion. If)-.15 F
.856(the signal strength is greater than or equal to 118 dBuV/m, b)3.356
F(ut)-.2 E .043(less than 128 dBuV/m, then the color Orange \(255, 165,\
 0\) is displayed, and so on.)108 624 R(Gre)5.043 E .043
(yscale terrain is dis-)-.15 F(played for re)108 636 Q
(gions with signal strengths less than 8 dBuV/m.)-.15 E .163(Signal str\
ength contours for some common VHF and UHF broadcasting services in the\
 United States are as)108 660 R(follo)108 672 Q(ws:)-.25 E(KD2BD Softw)
72 768 Q 121.215(are 15)-.1 F(No)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 2008).15 E
(12)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF
(Analog Television Broadcasting)150 84 Q(------------------------------)
150 96 Q(Channels 2-6:)150 108 Q(City Grade: >= 74 dBuV/m)42 E
(Grade A: >= 68 dBuV/m)288 120 Q(Grade B: >= 47 dBuV/m)288 132 Q
(--------------------------------------------)150 144 Q(Channels 7-13:)
150 156 Q(City Grade: >= 77 dBuV/m)36 E(Grade A: >= 71 dBuV/m)288 168 Q
(Grade B: >= 56 dBuV/m)288 180 Q
(--------------------------------------------)150 192 Q(Channels 14-69:)
150 204 Q(Indoor Grade: >= 94 dBuV/m)18 E(City Grade: >= 80 dBuV/m)270
216 Q(Grade A: >= 74 dBuV/m)288 228 Q(Grade B: >= 64 dBuV/m)288 240 Q
(Digital Television Broadcasting)150 264 Q
(-------------------------------)150 276 Q(Channels 2-6:)150 288 Q
(City Grade: >= 35 dBuV/m)42 E(Service Threshold: >= 28 dBuV/m)228 300 Q
(--------------------------------------------)150 312 Q(Channels 7-13:)
150 324 Q(City Grade: >= 43 dBuV/m)36 E(Service Threshold: >= 36 dBuV/m)
228 336 Q(--------------------------------------------)150 348 Q
(Channels 14-69:)150 360 Q(City Grade: >= 48 dBuV/m)30 E
(Service Threshold: >= 41 dBuV/m)228 372 Q
(NOAA Weather Radio \(162.400 - 162.550 MHz\))150 396 Q
(------------------------------------------)150 408 Q
(Reliable: >= 18 dBuV/m)216 420 Q(Not reliable: <)192 432 Q(18 dBuV/m)12
E(Unlikely to receive: <)150 444 Q 6(0d)12 G(BuV/m)-6 E
(FM Radio Broadcasting \(88.1 - 107.9 MHz\))150 468 Q
(----------------------------------------)150 480 Q
(Analog Service Contour:)150 492 Q(60 dBuV/m)12 E
(Digital Service Contour: 65 dBuV/m)150 504 Q/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF
(RECEIVED PO)72 532.8 Q(WER LEVEL AN)-.548 E(AL)-.219 E(YSIS)-1.007 E F0
.473(If the transmitter')108 544.8 R 2.973(se)-.55 G -.25(ff)-2.973 G
(ecti).25 E .773 -.15(ve r)-.25 H .473(adiated po).15 F .473
(wer \(ERP\) is speci\214ed in the transmitter')-.25 F(s)-.55 E/F3 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(.lrp)2.972 E F0 .472(\214le, or e)2.972 F .472
(xpressed on)-.15 F .17(the command-line using the)108 556.8 R F3(-erp)
2.67 E F0 .17(switch, and the)2.67 F F3(-dbm)2.67 E F0 .17(switch is in)
2.67 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .17(d, recei).1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.67
(dp).15 G -.25(ow)-2.67 G .17(er le).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.67(lc).15 G
.17(ontours ref-)-2.67 F(erenced to decibels o)108 568.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15
G 2.5(ro).15 G(ne milliw)-2.5 E(att \(dBm\) are produced:)-.1 E F1
(splat -t wnjt-dt -L 30.0 -erp 46000 -dbm -db -100 -o plot.ppm)108 592.8
Q F0(The)108 616.8 Q F3(-db)3.3 E F0 .8
(switch can be used to limit the e)3.3 F .799(xtent to which recei)-.15
F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.299(dp).15 G -.25(ow)-3.299 G .799(er le).25 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.299(lc).15 G .799(ontours are plotted.)-3.299 F(When)5.799
E(plotting po)108 628.8 Q(wer le)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(lc).15 G
(ontours, the ar)-2.5 E(gument gi)-.18 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5
(si)-2.5 G(nterpreted as being e)-2.5 E(xpressed in dBm.)-.15 E/F4 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)108 652.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0(recei)2.693 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G 2.693(dp).15 G -.25(ow)-2.693 G .193(er le).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
2.693(lc).15 G .193(olor de\214nition \214les share a v)-2.693 F .193
(ery similar structure to the color de\214nition \214les)-.15 F .3
(described earlier)108 664.8 R 2.8(,e)-.4 G .3(xcept that the po)-2.95 F
.3(wer le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .299(ls in dBm may be either positi).15
F .599 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 2.799(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.799 H(ti).15 E
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.799(,a).15 G .299(nd are limited to)-2.799 F 2.5(ar)108
676.8 S(ange between +40 dBm and -200 dBm:)-2.5 E F1 10.5(;S)114 700.8 S
4.5(PLAT! Auto-generated DBM Signal Level Color Definition \("wnjt-)
-10.5 F(dt.dcf"\) File)108 712.8 Q(;)114 724.8 Q F0(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q
121.215(are 15)-.1 F(No)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 2008).15 E(13)185.545
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF 6
(;F)114 84 S(ormat for the parameters held in this file is as follows:)
-6 E(;)114 96 Q 24(;d)114 108 S(Bm: red, green, blue)-24 E(;)114 120 Q 6
(;.)114 132 S
(..where "dBm" is the received signal power level between +40 dBm)-6 E 6
(;a)114 144 S
(nd -200 dBm, and "red", "green", and "blue" are the corresponding)-6 E
6(;R)114 156 S
(GB color definitions ranging from 0 to 255 for the region specified.)-6
E(;)114 168 Q 6(;T)114 180 S
(he following parameters may be edited and/or expanded)-6 E 6(;f)114 192
S(or future runs of SPLAT!)-6 E 6(At)12 G(otal of 32 contour regions)-6
E 6(;m)114 204 S(ay be defined in this file.)-6 E(;)114 216 Q(;)114 228
Q(+0: 255,)126 240 Q 12(0, 0)18 F(-10: 255, 128,)120 252 Q(0)18 E
(-20: 255, 165,)120 264 Q(0)18 E(-30: 255, 206,)120 276 Q(0)18 E
(-40: 255, 255,)120 288 Q(0)18 E(-50: 184, 255,)120 300 Q(0)18 E 12
(-60: 0,)120 312 R 12(255, 0)6 F 12(-70: 0,)120 324 R 12(208, 0)6 F 12
(-80: 0,)120 336 R(196, 196)6 E 12(-90: 0,)120 348 R(148, 255)6 E 6
(-100: 80, 80,)114 360 R(255)6 E 12(-110: 0,)114 372 R(38, 255)12 E
(-120: 142,)114 384 Q(63, 255)12 E(-130: 196,)114 396 Q(54, 255)12 E
(-140: 255,)114 408 Q(0, 255)18 E(-150: 255, 194, 204)114 420 Q/F2 10.95
/Times-Bold@0 SF(ANTENN)72 448.8 Q 2.738(AR)-.219 G(ADIA)-2.738 E
(TION P)-1.04 E -1.04(AT)-.81 G(TERN P)1.04 E(ARAMETERS)-.81 E F0 .976
(Normalized \214eld v)108 460.8 R .977
(oltage patterns for a transmitting antenna')-.2 F 3.477(sh)-.55 G .977
(orizontal and v)-3.477 F .977(ertical planes are imported)-.15 F 1.05
(automatically into)108 472.8 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)3.55 E(T!)
-.95 E F0 1.05(when a path loss, \214eld strength, or recei)3.55 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.55(dp).15 G -.25(ow)-3.55 G 1.05(er le).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.55(lc).15 G -.15(ove)-3.55 G 1.05(rage analysis is).15 F 3.09
(performed. Antenna)108 484.8 R .59
(pattern data is read from a pair of \214les ha)3.09 F .591
(ving the same base name as the transmitter)-.2 F .455
(and LRP \214les, b)108 496.8 R .455(ut with)-.2 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0
SF(.az)2.955 E F0(and)2.955 E F4(.el)2.954 E F0 -.15(ex)2.954 G .454
(tensions for azimuth and ele).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .454
(tion pattern \214les, respecti).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.454(.S)
-.65 G(peci\214-)-5.454 E .593(cations re)108 508.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G
.593(rding pattern rotation \(if an).05 F .594
(y\) and mechanical beam tilt and tilt direction \(if an)-.15 F .594
(y\) are also con-)-.15 F(tained within)108 520.8 Q F3(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)
-.95 E F0(antenna pattern \214les.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 544.8 S 2.5(re).15
G(xample, the \214rst fe)-2.65 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ines of a)-2.5 E F3(SPLA)
2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0(azimuth pattern \214le might appear as follo)2.5 E
(ws \()-.25 E F4(kvea.az)A F0(\):)A F1(183.0)156 568.8 Q 42(00)156 580.8
S(.8950590)-42 E 42(10)156 592.8 S(.8966406)-42 E 42(20)156 604.8 S
(.8981447)-42 E 42(30)156 616.8 S(.8995795)-42 E 42(40)156 628.8 S
(.9009535)-42 E 42(50)156 640.8 S(.9022749)-42 E 42(60)156 652.8 S
(.9035517)-42 E 42(70)156 664.8 S(.9047923)-42 E 42(80)156 676.8 S
(.9060051)-42 E F0 1.778(The \214rst line of the)108 700.8 R F4(.az)
4.278 E F0 1.777(\214le speci\214es the amount of azimuthal pattern rot\
ation \(measured clockwise in)4.278 F(de)108 712.8 Q .062(grees from T)
-.15 F .062(rue North\) to be applied by)-.35 F F3(SPLA)2.562 E(T!)-.95
E F0 .063(to the data contained in the)2.562 F F4(.az)2.563 E F0 2.563
(\214le. This)2.563 F .063(is follo)2.563 F .063(wed by)-.25 F 2.619
(azimuth headings \(0 to 360 de)108 724.8 R 2.618(grees\) and their ass\
ociated normalized \214eld patterns \(0.000 to 1.000\))-.15 F
(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.215(are 15)-.1 F(No)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
(mber 2008).15 E(14)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E
(separated by whitespace.)108 84 Q .068(The structure of)108 108 R/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)2.569 E(T!)-.95 E F0(ele)2.569 E -.25(va)-.25 G
.069(tion pattern \214les is slightly dif).25 F 2.569(ferent. The)-.25 F
.069(\214rst line of the)2.569 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(.el)2.569 E F0
.069(\214le speci\214es the)2.569 F .892
(amount of mechanical beam tilt applied to the antenna.)108 120 R .892
(Note that a)5.892 F F2(downwar)3.392 E 3.392(dt)-.37 G(ilt)-3.392 E F0
(\(belo)3.391 E 3.391(wt)-.25 G .891(he horizon\) is)-3.391 F -.15(ex)
108 132 S 1.101(pressed as a).15 F F2 1.101(positive angle)3.601 F F0
3.601(,w)C 1.101(hile an)-3.601 F F2(upwar)3.601 E 3.601(dt)-.37 G(ilt)
-3.601 E F0(\(abo)3.601 E 1.401 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.101
(he horizon\) is e).15 F 1.101(xpressed as a)-.15 F F2(ne)3.602 E 1.102
(gative angle)-.4 F F0(.)A(This data is follo)108 144 Q
(wed by the azimuthal direction of the tilt, separated by whitespace.)
-.25 E .437(The remainder of the \214le consists of ele)108 168 R -.25
(va)-.25 G .436(tion angles and their corresponding normalized v).25 F
.436(oltage radiation)-.2 F .247(pattern \(0.000 to 1.000\) v)108 180 R
.247(alues separated by whitespace.)-.25 F(Ele)5.247 E -.25(va)-.25 G
.248(tion angles must be speci\214ed o).25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.748(ra-)
.15 G .248(10.0 to)-2.748 F .131(+90.0 de)108 192 R .131(gree range.)
-.15 F .131(As w)5.131 F .131(as the con)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .131
(ntion with mechanical beamtilt,).15 F F2(ne)2.631 E .13(gative ele)-.4
F .13(vation angles)-.15 F F0 .13(are used to)2.63 F(represent ele)108
204 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(tions).25 E F2(abo)2.5 E(ve the horizon)-.1 E F0
2.5(,w)C(hile)-2.5 E F2(positive angles)2.5 E F0(represents ele)2.5 E
-.25(va)-.25 G(tions).25 E F2(below the horizon)2.5 E F0(.)A -.15(Fo)108
228 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the \214rst fe)-2.65 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ines a)
-2.5 E F1(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0(ele)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G
(tion pattern \214le might appear as follo).25 E(ws \()-.25 E F2
(kvea.el)A F0(\):)A/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 18(1.1 130.0)156 252 R 12
(-10.0 0.172)150 264 R 18(-9.5 0.109)150 276 R 18(-9.0 0.115)150 288 R
18(-8.5 0.155)150 300 R 18(-8.0 0.157)150 312 R 18(-7.5 0.104)150 324 R
18(-7.0 0.029)150 336 R 18(-6.5 0.109)150 348 R 18(-6.0 0.185)150 360 R
F0 1.538(In this e)108 384 R 1.538
(xample, the antenna is mechanically tilted do)-.15 F(wnw)-.25 E 1.538
(ard 1.1 de)-.1 F 1.538(grees to)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.25 G 1.538
(rds an azimuth of 130.0).1 F(de)108 396 Q(grees.)-.15 E -.15(Fo)108 420
S 3.447(rb).15 G .946(est results, the resolution of azimuth pattern da\
ta should be speci\214ed to the nearest de)-3.447 F .946(gree azimuth,)
-.15 F 1.299(and ele)108 432 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.299(tion pattern data r\
esolution should be speci\214ed to the nearest 0.01 de).25 F 3.8
(grees. If)-.15 F 1.3(the pattern data)3.8 F .55
(speci\214ed does not reach this le)108 444 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.049(lo)
.15 G 3.049(fr)-3.049 G(esolution,)-3.049 E F1(SPLA)3.049 E(T!)-.95 E F0
.549(will interpolate the v)3.049 F .549(alues pro)-.25 F .549
(vided to determine)-.15 F(the data at the required resolution, althoug\
h this may result in a loss in accurac)108 456 Q -.65(y.)-.15 G/F4 10.95
/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXPOR)72 472.8 Q(TING AND IMPOR)-.438 E(TING REGION)
-.438 E(AL CONT)-.219 E(OUR D)-.197 E -1.644 -1.04(AT A)-.383 H F0 .143
(Performing a re)108 484.8 R .143(gional co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .143
(rage analysis based on a Longle).15 F .143
(y-Rice path analysis can be a v)-.15 F .144(ery time consum-)-.15 F
.739(ing process, especially if the analysis is performed repeatedly to\
 disco)108 496.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.239(rw).15 G .739(hat ef)-3.239 F
.738(fects changes to a trans-)-.25 F(mitter')108 508.8 Q 2.5(sa)-.55 G
(ntenna radiation pattern mak)-2.5 E 2.5(et)-.1 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G
(he predicted co)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rage area.).15 E .311
(This process can be e)108 532.8 R .312(xpedited by e)-.15 F .312
(xporting the contour data produced by)-.15 F F1(SPLA)2.812 E(T!)-.95 E
F0 .312(to an alphanumeric out-)2.812 F(put)108 544.8 Q F2(\(.ano\))
3.176 E F0 3.176(\214le. The)3.176 F .676(data contained in this \214le\
 can then be modi\214ed to incorporate antenna pattern ef)3.176 F
(fects,)-.25 E 1.633(and imported back into)108 556.8 R F1(SPLA)4.133 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 1.633(to quickly produce a re)4.133 F 1.633
(vised contour map.)-.25 F 1.633(Depending on the w)6.633 F 1.634(ay in)
-.1 F(which)108 568.8 Q F1(SPLA)3.826 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.326(is in)3.826 F
-.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.326
(d, alphanumeric output \214les can describe re).1 F 1.325
(gional path loss, signal strength, or)-.15 F(recei)108 580.8 Q -.15(ve)
-.25 G 2.5(ds).15 G(ignal po)-2.5 E(wer le)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls.).15
E -.15(Fo)108 604.8 S 2.609(re).15 G .109(xample, an alphanumeric outpu\
t \214le containing path loss information can be generated by)-2.759 F
F1(SPLA)2.61 E(T!)-.95 E F0(for)2.61 E 2.756(ar)108 616.8 S(ecei)-2.756
E .556 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .256(ite 30 feet abo).15 F .556 -.15(ve g)-.15 H
.256(round le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(lo).15 G -.15(ve)-2.906 G 2.756
(ra5).15 G 2.756(0m)-2.756 G .256
(ile radius surrounding a transmitter site to a maximum)-2.756 F(path l\
oss of 140 dB \(assuming ERP is not speci\214ed in the transmitter')108
628.8 Q(s)-.55 E F2(.lrp)2.5 E F0(\214le\) using the follo)2.5 E
(wing syntax:)-.25 E F3
(splat -t kvea -L 30.0 -R 50.0 -db 140 -ano pathloss.dat)108 652.8 Q F0
.238(If ERP is speci\214ed in the)108 676.8 R F2(.lrp)2.738 E F0 .238
(\214le or on the command line through the)2.738 F F2(-erp)2.739 E F0
.239(switch, the alphanumeric output)2.739 F .592
(\214le will instead contain predicted \214eld v)108 688.8 R .592
(alues in dBuV/m.)-.25 F .592(If the)5.592 F F2(-dBm)3.092 E F0 .591
(command line switch is used, then)3.092 F
(the alphanumeric output \214le will contain recei)108 700.8 Q .3 -.15
(ve s)-.25 H(ignal po).15 E(wer le)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls in dBm.).15
E F1(SPLA)108 724.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 2.995
(alphanumeric output \214les can e)5.495 F 2.995(xceed man)-.15 F 5.495
(yh)-.15 G 2.995(undreds of me)-5.495 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.996
(bytes in size.).05 F(The)7.996 E 5.496(yc)-.15 G(ontain)-5.496 E
(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.215(are 15)-.1 F(No)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
(mber 2008).15 E(15)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E 1.21
(information relating to the boundaries of the re)108 84 R 1.21
(gion the)-.15 F 3.71(yd)-.15 G 1.21(escribe follo)-3.71 F 1.21
(wed by latitudes \(de)-.25 F 1.21(grees North\),)-.15 F 1.324
(longitudes \(de)108 96 R 1.324(grees W)-.15 F 1.324
(est\), azimuths \(referenced to T)-.8 F 1.325(rue North\), ele)-.35 F
-.25(va)-.25 G 1.325(tions \(to the \214rst obstruction\), fol-).25 F
(lo)108 108 Q .924(wed by either path loss \(in dB\), recei)-.25 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.424<648c>.15 G .924(eld strength \(in dBuV/m\), or recei)
-3.424 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.424(ds).15 G .924(ignal po)-3.424 F .924
(wer le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.424(l\().15 G(in)-3.424 E(dBm\))108 120
Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(without r)2.5 E
(egard to the transmitting antenna')-.18 E 2.5(sr)-.37 G
(adiation patter)-2.5 E(n)-.15 E F0(.)A 3(The \214rst fe)108 144 R 5.5
(wl)-.25 G 3(ines of a)-5.5 F F1(SPLA)5.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0 3
(alphanumeric output \214le could tak)5.5 F 5.5(eo)-.1 G 5.5(nt)-5.5 G 3
(he follo)-5.5 F 3(wing appearance)-.25 F(\()108 156 Q/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(pathloss.dat)A F0(\):)A/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(119, 117)
156 180 Q 6(;m)24 G(ax_west, min_west)-6 E(35, 34)156 192 Q 6(;m)36 G
(ax_north, min_north)-6 E
(34.2265424, 118.0631096, 48.199, -32.747, 67.70)156 204 Q
(34.2270358, 118.0624421, 48.199, -19.161, 73.72)156 216 Q
(34.2275292, 118.0617747, 48.199, -13.714, 77.24)156 228 Q
(34.2280226, 118.0611072, 48.199, -10.508, 79.74)156 240 Q
(34.2290094, 118.0597723, 48.199, -11.806, 83.26 *)156 252 Q
(34.2295028, 118.0591048, 48.199, -11.806, 135.47 *)156 264 Q
(34.2299962, 118.0584373, 48.199, -15.358, 137.06 *)156 276 Q
(34.2304896, 118.0577698, 48.199, -15.358, 149.87 *)156 288 Q
(34.2314763, 118.0564348, 48.199, -15.358, 154.16 *)156 300 Q
(34.2319697, 118.0557673, 48.199, -11.806, 153.42 *)156 312 Q
(34.2324631, 118.0550997, 48.199, -11.806, 137.63 *)156 324 Q
(34.2329564, 118.0544322, 48.199, -11.806, 139.23 *)156 336 Q
(34.2339432, 118.0530971, 48.199, -11.806, 139.75 *)156 348 Q
(34.2344365, 118.0524295, 48.199, -11.806, 151.01 *)156 360 Q
(34.2349299, 118.0517620, 48.199, -11.806, 147.71 *)156 372 Q
(34.2354232, 118.0510944, 48.199, -15.358, 159.49 *)156 384 Q
(34.2364099, 118.0497592, 48.199, -15.358, 151.67 *)156 396 Q F0 .141
(Comments can be placed in the \214le if the)108 420 R 2.641(ya)-.15 G
.14(re proceeded by a semicolon character)-2.641 F 5.14(.T)-.55 G(he)
-5.14 E F1(vim)2.64 E F0(te)2.64 E .14(xt editor has)-.15 F(pro)108 432
Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(nc).15 G(apable of editing \214les of this size.)
-2.5 E .807(Note as w)108 456 R .807
(as the case in the antenna pattern \214les, ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti)
.05 E 1.107 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(le).15 E -.25(va)-.25 G .807
(tion angles refer to upw).25 F .808(ard tilt \(abo)-.1 F 1.108 -.15
(ve t)-.15 H(he).15 E .94(horizon\), while positi)108 468 R 1.24 -.15
(ve a)-.25 H .94(ngles refer to do).15 F(wnw)-.25 E .94(ard tilt \(belo)
-.1 F 3.44(wt)-.25 G .94(he horizon\).)-3.44 F .94
(These angles refer to the ele-)5.94 F -.25(va)108 480 S 1.075
(tion to the recei).25 F 1.075(ving antenna at the height abo)-.25 F
1.376 -.15(ve g)-.15 H 1.076(round le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.576(ls).15
G 1.076(peci\214ed using the)-3.576 F F2(-L)3.576 E F0(switch)3.576 E F2
(if)3.576 E F0 1.076(the path)3.576 F 2.35
(between transmitter and recei)108 492 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.85(ri).15 G
4.85(su)-4.85 G 4.85(nobstructed. If)-4.85 F 2.35
(the path between the transmitter and recei)4.85 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.85
(ri).15 G(s)-4.85 E 1.183(obstructed, an asterisk \(*\) is placed on th\
e end of the line, and the ele)108 504 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.184
(tion angle returned by).25 F F1(SPLA)3.684 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .873
(refers the ele)108 516 R -.25(va)-.25 G .872(tion angle to the \214rst\
 obstruction rather than the geographic location speci\214ed on the lin\
e.).25 F 1.078(This is done in response to the f)108 528 R 1.078
(act that the Longle)-.1 F 1.078(y-Rice model considers the ener)-.15 F
1.079(gy reaching a distant)-.18 F 1.042(point o)108 540 R -.15(ve)-.15
G 3.542(ra).15 G 3.542(no)-3.542 G 1.042
(bstructed path to be the result of the ener)-3.542 F 1.041
(gy scattered o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.541(rt).15 G 1.041
(he top of the \214rst obstruction)-3.541 F .335(along the path.)108 552
R .335(Since ener)5.335 F .335
(gy cannot reach the obstructed location directly)-.18 F 2.835(,t)-.65 G
.335(he actual ele)-2.835 F -.25(va)-.25 G .335(tion angle to the).25 F
(destination o)108 564 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rs).15 G
(uch a path becomes irrele)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(nt.).25 E 1.866
(When modifying)108 588 R F1(SPLA)4.366 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.866
(path loss \214les to re\215ect antenna pattern data,)4.366 F F2 1.866
(only the last numeric column)4.366 F F0 .233
(should be amended to re\215ect the antenna')108 600 R 2.733(sn)-.55 G
.233(ormalized g)-2.733 F .233(ain at the azimuth and ele)-.05 F -.25
(va)-.25 G .234(tion angles speci\214ed in).25 F(the \214le.)108 612 Q
(Programs and scripts capable of performing this task are left as an e)5
E -.15(xe)-.15 G(rcise for the user).15 E(.)-.55 E 1.3
(Modi\214ed alphanumeric output \214les can be imported back into)108
636 R F1(SPLA)3.8 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.3(for generating re)6.3 F 1.3
(vised co)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(rage).15 E .043(maps pro)108 648 R .044
(vided that the ERP and -dBm options are used as the)-.15 F 2.544(yw)
-.15 G .044(ere when the alphanumeric output \214le w)-2.544 F(as)-.1 E
(originally generated:)108 660 Q F3
(splat -t kvea -ani pathloss.dat -s city.dat -b county.dat -o map.ppm)
108 684 Q F0 1.075(Note that alphanumeric output \214les generated by)
108 708 R F3(splat)3.575 E F0 1.075(cannot be used with)3.575 F F3
(splat-hd)3.575 E F0 3.575(,o)C 3.575(rv)-3.575 G(ice-v)-3.575 E(ersa)
-.15 E 1.446(due to the resolution incompatibility between the tw)108
720 R 3.946(ov)-.1 G 1.446(ersions of the program.)-4.096 F 1.447
(Also, each of the three)6.446 F(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.215(are 15)-.1
F(No)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 2008).15 E(16)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E 1.212
(types of alphanumeric output \214les are incompatible with one another)
108 84 R 3.712(,s)-.4 G 3.712(oa\214)-3.712 G 1.212
(le containing path loss data)-3.712 F(cannot be imported into)108 96 Q
/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0
(to produce signal strength or recei)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(dp).15 G
-.25(ow)-2.5 G(er le).25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(lc).15 G(ontours, etc.)
-2.5 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(USER-DEFINED TERRAIN INPUT FILES)72
112.8 Q F0 3.541(Au)108 124.8 S(ser)-3.541 E 1.041
(-de\214ned terrain \214le is a user)-.2 F 1.041(-generated te)-.2 F
1.042(xt \214le containing latitudes, longitudes, and heights abo)-.15 F
-.15(ve)-.15 G 1.073(ground le)108 136.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.573(lo).15 G
3.573(fs)-3.573 G 1.073(peci\214c terrain features belie)-3.573 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.573(dt).15 G 3.573(ob)-3.573 G 3.572(eo)-3.573 G 3.572(fi)
-3.572 G 1.072(mportance to the)-3.572 F F1(SPLA)3.572 E(T!)-.95 E F0
1.072(analysis being con-)3.572 F .601(ducted, b)108 148.8 R .601
(ut noticeably absent from the SDF \214les being used.)-.2 F 3.101(Au)
5.601 G(ser)-3.101 E .601(-de\214ned terrain \214le is imported into a)
-.2 F F1(SPLA)108 160.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0(analysis using the)2.5 E/F3 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(-udt)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -udt udt_file.txt -o map.ppm)114 184.8 Q F0
2.5(Au)108 208.8 S(ser)-2.5 E(-de\214ned terrain \214le has the follo)
-.2 E(wing appearance and structure:)-.25 E F4
(40.32180556, 74.1325, 100.0 meters)150 232.8 Q
(40.321805, 74.1315, 300.0)150 244.8 Q
(40.3218055, 74.1305, 100.0 meters)150 256.8 Q F0 -.7(Te)108 280.8 S
1.42(rrain height is interpreted as being described in feet abo).7 F
1.72 -.15(ve g)-.15 H 1.42(round le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.92(lu).15 G
1.42(nless follo)-3.92 F 1.42(wed by the w)-.25 F(ord)-.1 E F3(meter)108
292.8 Q(s)-.1 E F0 3.328(,a)C .829(nd is added)-3.328 F F3 .829
(on top of)3.329 F F0 .829
(the terrain speci\214ed in the SDF data for the locations speci\214ed.)
3.329 F .829(Be a)5.829 F -.1(wa)-.15 G(re).1 E 1.061(that each user)108
304.8 R 1.061(-de\214ned terrain feature speci\214ed will be interprete\
d as being 3-arc seconds in both latitude)-.2 F .732(and longitude in)
108 316.8 R F4(splat)3.232 E F0 .733
(and 1 arc-second in latitude and longitude in)3.232 F F4(splat-hd)3.233
E F0 5.733(.F)C .733(eatures described in)-5.733 F 1(the user)108 328.8
R 1(-de\214ned terrain \214le that o)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1(rlap pre).15
F .999(viously de\214ned features in the \214le are ignored by)-.25 F F1
(SPLA)3.499 E(T!)-.95 E F0(to)3.499 E -.2(avo)108 340.8 S(id ambiguity)
.2 E(.)-.65 E F2(GR)72 357.6 Q(OUND CLUTTER)-.329 E F0
(The height of ground clutter can be speci\214ed using the)108 369.6 Q
F3(-gc)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F4
(splat -t wnjt-dt -r kd2bd -gc 30.0 -H wnjt-dt_path.png)144 393.6 Q F0
(The)108 417.6 Q F3(-gc)3.299 E F0 .799(switch as the ef)3.299 F .799
(fect of raising the o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .799
(rall terrain by the speci\214ed amount in feet \(or meters if the).15 F
F3(-metric)108 429.6 Q F0 .123(switch is in)2.623 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke)
.2 G .123(d\), e).1 F .123(xcept o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.623(ra).15 G
.123(reas at sea-le)-2.623 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.622(la).15 G .122
(nd at the transmitting and recei)-2.622 F .122(ving antenna loca-)-.25
F 4.108(tions. Note)108 441.6 R 1.609(that the addition of ground clutt\
er does not necessarily modify the Longle)4.108 F 1.609
(y-Rice path loss)-.15 F .041(results unless the additional clutter hei\
ght results in a switch in the propag)108 453.6 R .041
(ation mode from a less obstructed)-.05 F .397(path to a more obstructe\
d path \(from Line Of Sight to Single Horizon Dif)108 465.6 R .397
(fraction Dominant, for e)-.25 F(xample\).)-.15 E(It does, ho)108 477.6
Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .8 -.4(r, a).15 H -.25(ff).4 G
(ect Fresnel zone clearances and line of sight determinations.).25 E F2
(SIMPLE T)72 494.4 Q(OPOGRAPHIC MAP GENERA)-.197 E(TION)-1.04 E F0 .034
(In certain situations it may be desirable to generate a topographic ma\
p of a re)108 506.4 R .034(gion without plotting co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15
G(rage).15 E .969
(areas, line-of-sight paths, or generating obstruction reports.)108
518.4 R .969(There are se)5.969 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .969(ral w).15 F .97
(ays of doing this.)-.1 F .97(If one)5.97 F .162(wishes to generate a t\
opographic map illustrating the location of a transmitter and recei)108
530.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.661(rs).15 G .161(ite along with a)-2.661 F
.138(brief te)108 542.4 R .139(xt report describing the locations and d\
istances between the sites, the)-.15 F F3(-n)2.639 E F0 .139
(switch should be in)2.639 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.639(da).1 G(s)
-2.639 E(follo)108 554.4 Q(ws:)-.25 E F4
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -n -o topo_map.ppm)108 578.4 Q F0(If no te)
108 602.4 Q(xt report is desired, then the)-.15 E F3(-N)2.5 E F0
(switch is used:)2.5 E F4
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -N -o topo_map.ppm)108 626.4 Q F0 .994(If \
a topographic map centered about a single site out to a minimum speci\
\214ed radius is desired instead, a)108 650.4 R
(command similar to the follo)108 662.4 Q(wing can be used:)-.25 E F4
(splat -t tx_site -R 50.0 -s NJ_Cities -b NJ_Counties -o topo_map.ppm)
108 686.4 Q F0 .962(where -R speci\214es the minimum radius of the map \
in miles \(or kilometers if the)108 710.4 R F3(-metric)3.463 E F0 .963
(switch is used\).)3.463 F .492
(Note that the tx_site name and location are not displayed in this e)108
722.4 R 2.991(xample. If)-.15 F .491(display of this information is)
2.991 F(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.215(are 15)-.1 F(No)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15
G(mber 2008).15 E(17)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E .057
(desired, simply create a)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)2.557 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 .057(city \214le \()2.557 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(-s)A
F0 .057
(option\) and append it to the list of command-line options illus-)2.557
F(trated abo)108 96 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E .592(If the)108 120 R F2
(-o)3.092 E F0 .592(switch and output \214lename are omitted in these o\
perations, topographic output is written to a \214le)3.092 F(named)108
132 Q F2(tx_site)2.5 E(.ppm)-.15 E F0(in the current w)2.5 E
(orking directory by def)-.1 E(ault.)-.1 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF
(GEOREFERENCE FILE GENERA)72 148.8 Q(TION)-1.04 E F0 -.8(To)108 160.8 S
.849(pographic, co).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .849(rage \().15 F F2(-c)A F0
.849(\), and path loss contour \()B F2(-L)A F0 3.349(\)m)C .849
(aps generated by)-3.349 F F1(SPLA)3.35 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .85
(may be imported into)3.35 F F1(Xastir)108 172.8 Q F0 .176
(\(X Amateur Station T)2.676 F .175
(racking and Information Reporting\) softw)-.35 F .175
(are by generating a georeference \214le)-.1 F(using)108 184.8 Q F1
(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0 -.55('s)C F2(-g)3.05 E(eo)-.1 E F0(switch:)2.5
E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF
(splat -t kd2bd -R 50.0 -s NJ_Cities -b NJ_Counties -geo -o map.ppm)108
208.8 Q F0 1.515(The georeference \214le generated will ha)108 232.8 R
1.815 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.516(he same base name as the).15 F F2(-o)4.016 E
F0 1.516(\214le speci\214ed, b)4.016 F 1.516(ut ha)-.2 F 1.816 -.15
(ve a)-.2 H F2(.g)6.666 E(eo)-.1 E F0 -.15(ex)108 244.8 S
(tension, and permit proper interpretation and display of).15 E F1(SPLA)
2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.1 -.55('s .)D(ppm graphics in).55 E F1(Xastir)2.5 E
F0(softw)2.5 E(are.)-.1 E F3(GOOGLE MAP KML FILE GENERA)72 261.6 Q(TION)
-1.04 E F0 -2.15 -.25(Ke y)108 273.6 T .775
(hole Markup Language \214les compatible with).25 F F1 .774
(Google Earth)3.274 F F0 .774(may be generated by)3.274 F F1(SPLA)3.274
E(T!)-.95 E F0 .774(when per)3.274 F(-)-.2 E
(forming point-to-point or re)108 285.6 Q(gional co)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15
G(rage analyses by in).15 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(king the).2 E F2(-kml)2.5 E F0
(switch:)2.5 E F4(splat -t wnjt-dt -r kd2bd -kml)108 309.6 Q F0 .233
(The KML \214le generated will ha)108 333.6 R .533 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .233
(he same \214lename structure as a P).15 F .233
(ath Analysis Report for the transmitter)-.15 F(and recei)108 345.6 Q
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rs).15 G(ite names gi)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(n, e).15
E(xcept it will carry a)-.15 E F2(.kml)5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(tension.).15
E 1.619(Once loaded into)108 369.6 R F1 1.619(Google Earth)4.119 F F0
1.618(\(File --> Open\), the KML \214le will annotate the map display w\
ith the)4.118 F .567(names of the transmitter and recei)108 381.6 R -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.067(rs).15 G .568(ite locations.)-3.067 F .568(The vie)
5.568 F .568(wpoint of the image will be from the position)-.25 F 1.317
(of the transmitter site looking to)108 393.6 R -.1(wa)-.25 G 1.317
(rds the location of the recei).1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.916 -.55(r. T).15 H
1.316(he point-to-point path between the).55 F .792(sites will be displ\
ayed as a white line while the RF line-of-sight path will be displayed \
in green.)108 405.6 R F1(Google)5.792 E(Earth)108 417.6 Q F0 1.844 -.55
('s n)D -.2(av).55 G(ig).2 E .744(ation tools allo)-.05 F 3.243(wt)-.25
G .743(he user to "\215y" around the path, identify landmarks, roads, a\
nd other fea-)-3.243 F(tured content.)108 429.6 Q .786
(When performing re)108 453.6 R .786(gional co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
.786(rage analysis, the).15 F F2(.kml)5.787 E F0 .787
(\214le generated by)3.287 F F1(SPLA)3.287 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .787
(will permit path loss or)3.287 F .267
(signal strength contours to be layered on top of)108 465.6 R F1 .267
(Google Earth)2.767 F F0 1.367 -.55('s d)D .267
(isplay in a semi-transparent manner).55 F 5.266(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.266 E
(generated)108 477.6 Q F2(.kml)2.5 E F0(\214le will ha)2.5 E .3 -.15
(ve t)-.2 H(he same basename as that of the).15 E F2(.ppm)2.5 E F0
(\214le normally generated.)2.5 E F3(DETERMIN)72 494.4 Q -1.04(AT)-.219
G(ION OF ANTENN)1.04 E 2.738(AH)-.219 G(EIGHT ABO)-2.738 E(VE A)-.548 E
(VERA)-1.588 E(GE TERRAIN)-.602 E F1(SPLA)108 506.4 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .947
(determines antenna height abo)3.447 F 1.248 -.15(ve a)-.15 H -.15(ve)
-.05 G .948(rage terrain \(HAA).15 F .948
(T\) according to the procedure de\214ned by)-1.11 F .167
(Federal Communications Commission P)108 518.4 R .167(art 73.313\(d\).)
-.15 F .166(According to this de\214nition, terrain ele)5.166 F -.25(va)
-.25 G .166(tions along).25 F .794(eight radials between 2 and 10 miles\
 \(3 and 16 kilometers\) from the site being analyzed are sampled and)
108 530.4 R -2.25 -.2(av e)108 542.4 T .614(raged for each 45 de).2 F
.613(grees of azimuth starting with T)-.15 F .613(rue North.)-.35 F .613
(If one or more radials lie entirely o)5.613 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E
-.1(wa)108 554.4 S .534(ter or o).1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.034(rl).15 G .535
(and outside the United States \(areas for which no USGS topograph)
-3.034 F 3.035(yd)-.05 G .535(ata is a)-3.035 F -.25(va)-.2 G .535
(ilable\), then).25 F
(those radials are omitted from the calculation of a)108 566.4 Q -.15
(ve)-.2 G(rage terrain.).15 E .066(Note that SR)108 590.4 R .066
(TM-3 ele)-.6 F -.25(va)-.25 G .066(tion data, unlik).25 F 2.566(eo)-.1
G .066(lder USGS data, e)-2.566 F .066(xtends be)-.15 F .065
(yond the borders of the United States.)-.15 F .179(Therefore, HAA)108
602.4 R 2.679(Tr)-1.11 G .179
(esults may not be in full compliance with FCC P)-2.679 F .18
(art 73.313\(d\) in areas along the borders)-.15 F
(of the United States if the SDF \214les used by)108 614.4 Q F1(SPLA)2.5
E(T!)-.95 E F0(are SR)2.5 E(TM-deri)-.6 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(d.).15 E .162
(When performing point-to-point terrain analysis,)108 638.4 R F1(SPLA)
2.662 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .162(determines the antenna height abo)2.662 F .461
-.15(ve a)-.15 H -.15(ve)-.05 G .161(rage ter).15 F(-)-.2 E .407(rain o\
nly if enough topographic data has already been loaded by the program t\
o perform the point-to-point)108 650.4 R 3.712(analysis. In)108 662.4 R
1.211(most cases, this will be true, unless the site in question does n\
ot lie within 10 miles of the)3.712 F(boundary of the topograph)108
674.4 Q 2.5(yd)-.05 G(ata in memory)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E .491
(When performing area prediction analysis, enough topograph)108 698.4 R
2.991(yd)-.05 G .492(ata is normally loaded by)-2.991 F F1(SPLA)2.992 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 .492(to per)2.992 F(-)-.2 E .807(form a)108 710.4 R -.15
(ve)-.2 G .807(rage terrain calculations.).15 F .807
(Under such conditions,)5.807 F F1(SPLA)3.307 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .807
(will pro)3.307 F .807(vide the antenna height abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
-2.25 -.2(av e)108 722.4 T .203(rage terrain as well as the a).2 F -.15
(ve)-.2 G .203(rage terrain abo).15 F .503 -.15(ve m)-.15 H .203
(ean sea le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.704(lf).15 G .204
(or azimuths of 0, 45, 90, 135, 180, 225,)-2.704 F(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q
121.215(are 15)-.1 F(No)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 2008).15 E(18)185.545
E 0 Cg EP
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BP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E .162
(270, and 315 de)108 84 R .162
(grees, and include such information in the generated site report.)-.15
F .161(If one or more of the eight)5.161 F 1.004(radials surv)108 96 R
-.15(ey)-.15 G 1.004(ed f).15 F 1.004(all o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.504
(rw).15 G(ater)-3.604 E 3.504(,o)-.4 G 3.504(ro)-3.504 G -.15(ve)-3.654
G 3.504(rr).15 G -.15(eg)-3.504 G 1.004(ions for which no SDF data is a)
.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable,).25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)3.504 E(T!)
-.95 E F0(reports)3.505 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(No)3.505 E -.92(Te)108
108 S(rr).92 E(ain)-.15 E F0(for the radial paths af)2.5 E(fected.)-.25
E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ADDITION)72 124.8 Q(AL INFORMA)-.219 E(TION)
-1.04 E F0 .333(The latest ne)108 136.8 R .332(ws and information re)
-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(rding).05 E F1(SPLA)2.832 E(T!)-.95 E F0(softw)
2.832 E .332(are is a)-.1 F -.25(va)-.2 G .332(ilable through the of).25
F(\214cial)-.25 E F1(SPLA)2.832 E(T!)-.95 E F0(soft-)2.832 E -.1(wa)108
148.8 S(re web page located at:).1 E F2(http://www)2.5 E
(.qsl.net/kd2bd/splat.html)-.74 E F0(.)A F3 -.548(AU)72 165.6 S(THORS)
.548 E F0(John A. Magliacane, KD2BD <)108 177.6 Q F2(kd2bd@amsat.or)A(g)
-.37 E F0(>)A(Creator)144 189.6 Q 2.5(,L)-.4 G(ead De)-2.5 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G(loper).15 E(Doug McDonald <)108 206.4 Q F2(mcdonald@scs.uiuc.edu)
A F0(>)A(Original Longle)144 218.4 Q(y-Rice Model inte)-.15 E(gration)
-.15 E(Ron Bentle)108 235.2 Q 2.5(y<)-.15 G F2 -.45(ro)-2.5 G(nbentle)
.45 E(y@embar)-.3 E(qmail.com)-.37 E F0(>)A
(Fresnel Zone plotting and clearance determination)144 247.2 Q
(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.215(are 15)-.1 F(No)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
(mber 2008).15 E(19)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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