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8 <B>create_bmp_for_circ_in_circ</B> - bitmap generator for circular
9 conductor inside circular conductor (part of <B>atlc</B>)
13 <H2>SYNOPSIS</H2><PRE>
14 <B>create_bmp_for_circ_in_circ</B> <B>[options...</B> <B>]</B> <B>D</B> <B>d</B> <B>O</B> <B>Er</B>
20 This man page is not a complete set of documentation - the
21 complexity of the atlc project makes man pages not an ideal
22 way to document it, although out of completeness, man pages
23 are produced. The best documentation that was current at the
24 time the version was produced should be found on your hard
26 /usr/local/share/atlc/docs/html-docs/index.html
27 although it might be elsewhere if your system administrator
28 chose to install the package elsewhere. Sometimes, errors
29 are corrected in the documentation and placed at
30 http://atlc.sourceforge.net/ before a new release of atlc is
31 released. Please, if you notice a problem with the documen-
32 tation - even spelling errors and typos, please let me know.
37 <H2>DESCRIPTION</H2><PRE>
38 <B>create_bmp_for_circ_in_circ</B> is a pre-processor for <B>atlc</B>, the
39 finite difference program that is used to calculate the pro-
40 perties of a two and three conductor electrical transmission
41 line of arbitrary cross section. The program
42 <B>create_bmp_for_circ_in_circ</B> is used as a fast way of gen-
43 erating bitmaps (there is no need to use a graphics pro-
44 gram), for a circular conductor inside a circular conductor
45 (coaxial conductors), like this:
50 **** <-----d------> ****
54 *** *************** ***
55 *** ^ *************** ***
56 *** | *************** ***
57 *** | ************* ***
61 *<------------------------D------------------------>*
79 The parameter 'D' is the inner dimensions of the outer con-
80 ductor and 'd' is the outer diameter of the inner conductor.
81 The inner conductor is offset 'h' from the centre of the
82 outer conductor. The whole region is surrounded by a dielec-
83 tric of relative permittivity 'Er'.
85 The bitmap is printed to 'outfile.bmp' - the last command
88 The bitmaps produced by <B>create_bmp_for_circ_in_circ</B> are 24-
89 bit bit colour bitmaps, as are required by <B>atlc</B>.
91 The permittivities of the dielectric 'Er' determines the
92 colours in the bitmap. If Er is 1.0, 1.006, 2.1, 2.2, 2.33,
93 2.5, 3.3, 3.335, 3,7, 4.8, 10.2 or 100, then the colour
94 corresponding to that permittivity will be set according to
95 the colours defined in COLOURS below. If Er is not one of
96 those permittivities, the region of permittivity Er will be
97 set to the colour 0xCAFF00. The program <B>atlc</B> does not know
98 what this permittivity is, so <B>atlc</B>, must be told with the
99 command line option -d, as in example 4 below.
103 <H2>OPTIONS</H2><PRE>
104 <B>-b</B> <B>bitmapsize</B>
105 is used to set the size of the bitmap, and so the accuracy
106 to which atlc is able to calculate the transmission line's
107 properties. The default value for 'bitmapsize' is normally
108 4, although this is set at compile time. The value can be
109 set anywhere from 1 to 15, but more than 8 is probably not
112 <B>-f</B> <B>outfile</B>
113 Set the output filename. By default, the bitmap is sent to
114 stdout, but it *must* be sent to a file, with this option,
115 or as described above.
118 Causes <B>create_bmp_for_circ_in_circ</B> to print some data to
119 stderr. Note, nothing extra goes to standard output, as that
120 is expected to be redirected to a bitmap file.
125 <H2>COLOURS</H2><PRE>
126 The 24-bit bitmaps that <B>atlc</B> expects, have 8 bits assigned
127 to represent the amount of red, 8 for blue and 8 for green.
128 Hence there are 256 levels of red, green and blue, making a
129 total of 256*256*256=16777216 colours. Every one of the pos-
130 sible 16777216 colours can be defined precisely by the stat-
131 ing the exact amount of red, green and blue, as in:
133 red = 255,000,000 or 0xff0000
134 green = 000,255,000 or 0x00ff00
135 blue = 000,000,255 or 0x0000ff
136 black = 000,000,000 or 0x000000
137 white = 255,255,255 or 0xffffff
138 Brown = 255,000,255 or 0xff00ff
139 gray = 142,142,142 or 0x8e8e8e
141 Some colours, such as pink, turquoise, sandy, brown, gray
142 etc may mean slightly different things to different people.
143 This is not so with <B>atlc</B>, as the program expects the colours
144 below to be EXACTLY defined as given. Whether you feel the
145 colour is sandy or yellow is up to you, but if you use it in
146 your bitmap, then it either needs to be a colour reconised
147 by atlc, <B>or</B> you must define it with a command line option
148 (see OPTIONS and example 5 below).
149 The following conductors are reconised by atlc:
150 red = 255,000,000 or 0xff0000 is the live conductor.
151 green = 000,255,000 or 0x00ff00 is the grounded conductor.
152 blue = 000,000,000 or 0x000000 is the negative conductor
154 All bitmaps <B>must</B> have the live (red) and grounded (green)
155 conductor. The blue conductor is not currently supported,
156 but it will be used to indicate a negative conductor, which
157 will be needed if/when the program gets extended to analyse
158 directional couplers.
160 The following dielectrics are reconised by atlc <B>and</B> <B>so</B> <B>are</B>
161 <B>produced</B> <B>by</B> create_bmp_for_circ_in_circ<B>.</B>
163 white 255,255,255 or 0xFFFFFF as Er=1.0 (vacuum)
164 pink 255,202,202 or 0xFFCACA as Er=1.0006 (air)
165 blue 000,000,255 or 0x0000FF as Er=2.1 (PTFE)
166 Mid gray 142,242,142 or 0x8E8E8E as Er=2.2 (duroid 5880)
167 mauve 255.000,255 or 0xFF00FF as Er=2.33 (polyethylene)
168 yellow 255,255,000 or 0xFFFF00 as Er=2.5 (polystyrene)
169 sandy 239,203,027 or 0xEFCC1A as Er=3.3 (PVC)
170 brown 188,127,096 or 0xBC7F60 as Er=3.335 (epoxy resin)
171 Turquoise 026,239,179 or 0x1AEFB3 as Er=4.8 (glass PCB)
172 Dark gray 142,142,142 or ox696969 as Er=6.15 (duroid 6006)
173 L. gray 240,240,240 or 0xDCDCDC as Er=10.2 (duroid 6010)
178 Although <B>create_bmp_for_circ_in_circ</B> is used for circular
179 inner and outer conductors, the outside of the outer conduc-
180 tor is drawn as a square. This is for convenience and makes
181 no difference to the calculations. The inside is of the
182 outer conductor is drawn as a circle.
186 <H2>EXAMPLES</H2><PRE>
187 Here are a few examples of the use of
188 <B>create_bmp_for_circ_in_circ</B>. Again, see the html documenta-
189 tion in atlc-X.Y.Z/docs/html-docs/index.html for more exam-
192 1) In the first example, the outer conductor has an inside
193 diameter of 12 units (inches, mm, feet etc.), the inner has
194 an outside diameter of 3.9 units. The inner is placed cen-
195 trally (h=0) and the dielectric is vacuum (Er=1.0).
196 <B>%</B> <B>create_bmp_for_circ_in_circ</B> <B>12</B> <B>3.9</B> <B>0</B> <B>1.0</B> <B>coaxial_1.bmp</B>
197 <B>%</B> <B>atlc</B> <B>coaxial_1.bmp</B>
198 <B>atlc</B> will indicate the correct value of impedance to be
199 67.3667 Ohms, whereas an exact analysis will show the true
200 value to be 67.4358 Ohms, so <B>atlc</B> has an error of 0.102%.
202 2) In this second example, the conductor sizes are the sames
203 as in example 1, but the inner is located 3.5 units off-
204 centre and the dielectric has a relative permittivity of 2.1
205 (Er of PTFE) The output is sent to a file not_in_centre.bmp
206 which is then processed by <B>atlc</B>
207 <B>%</B> <B>create_bmp_for_circ_in_circ</B> <B>12</B> <B>3.9</B> <B>3.5</B> <B>2.1</B>
208 <B>not_in_centre.bmp</B>
209 <B>%</B> <B>atlc</B> <B>not_in_centre.bmp</B>
210 The impedance of this is theoretically 24.315342 Ohms, as
211 create_bmp_for_circ_in_circ will calculate for you. atlc's
212 estimate is 24.2493 Ohms, an error of only -0.271 %.
214 3) In the third example the bitmap is made larger, to
215 increase accuracy, but otherwise this is identical to the
217 <B>%</B> <B>create_bmp_for_circ_in_circ</B> <B>-b8</B> <B>12</B> <B>3.9</B> <B>3.5</B> <B>2.1</B>
218 <B>bigger_not_in_centre.bmp</B>
219 <B>%</B> <B>atlc</B> <B>bigger_not_in_centre.bmp</B>
220 This time atlc will take much longer to calculate Zo, since
221 the bitmap is larger and so it needs to do more calcula-
222 tions. However, the final result should be more accurate. In
223 this case, the result reported is 24.2461 Ohms, an error
224 that's marginally smaller than before at 0.285 %. It is
225 possible there may be something to be gained by decreasing
226 the cutoff at larger grids, so this is being investigated.
227 However, errors almost always below 0.25 %, no matter what
229 In the fourth example, a material with a relativity permit-
230 tivity 7.89 of is used. There is no change in how to use
231 <B>create_bmp_for_circ_in_circ</B>, but since this permittivity is
232 not one of the pre-defined values (see COLOURS), we must
233 tell <B>atlc</B> what it is. The colour will be set an olive green
234 one, with a hexacidcal representation of red=0xCA, blue=OxFF
235 and green = 0x00. This just happens to be the default colour
236 used when the permittivity is unknown. So atlc must be given
237 this information, like thisL
238 <B>%</B> <B>create_bmp_for_circ_in_circ</B> <B>23</B> <B>9</B> <B>0</B> <B>7.89</B> <B>an_odd_er.bmp</B>
239 <B>%</B> <B>atlc</B> <B>-d</B> <B>CAFF00=7.89</B> <B>an_odd_er.bmp</B>
241 This has a theoretical impedance of 20.041970 Ohms, but atlc
242 version 3.0.1 will calculate it to be 20.0300, an error of
243 -0.058 % !!! If you look at the file an_odd_er.bmp with a
244 graphics package, you will see there are 3 colours in it -
245 the red inner conductor, the green outer and an olive-green
251 <H2>SEE ALSO</H2><PRE>
253 <B>create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect(1)</B>
254 <B>create_bmp_for_microstrip_coupler(1)</B>
255 <B>create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect(1)</B>
256 <B>create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect_coupler(1)</B>
257 <B>create_bmp_for_rect_in_circ(1)</B>
258 <B>create_bmp_for_rect_in_rect(1)</B>
259 <B>create_bmp_for_stripline_coupler(1)</B>
260 <B>create_bmp_for_symmetrical_stripline(1)</B>
261 <B>design_coupler(1)</B>
262 <B>find_optimal_dimensions_for_microstrip_coupler(1)</B> <B>readbin(1)</B>
264 http://atlc.sourceforge.net - Home page
265 http://sourceforge.net/projects/atlc - Download area
266 atlc-X.Y.Z/docs/html-docs/index.html - HTML docs
267 atlc-X.Y.Z/docs/qex-december-1996/atlc.pdf - theory paper
268 atlc-X.Y.Z/examples - examples
286 Man(1) output converted with
287 <a href="http://www.oac.uci.edu/indiv/ehood/man2html.html">man2html</a>