4 <!-- Manpage converted by man2html 3.0.1 -->
8 <B>atlc</B> - an Arbitrary Transmission Line Calculator
12 <H2>SYNOPSIS</H2><PRE>
13 <B>atlc</B> <B>[-C]</B> <B>[-s]</B> <B>[-S]</B> <B>[-v]</B> <B>[-c</B> <B>cutoff]</B> <B>[-d</B> <B>rrggbb=Er]</B> <B>[-i</B>
14 <B>factor]</B> <B>[-i</B> <B>prefix]</B> <B>[-t</B> <B>threads]</B> <B>[-r</B> <B>rate_multiplier]</B> <B>bit-</B>
20 This man page is not a complete set of documentation - the
21 complexity of the atlc project makes man pages not an ideal
22 way to document it, although out of completeness, man pages
23 are produced. The best documentation that was current at the
24 time the version was produced should be found on your hard
26 /usr/local/share/atlc/docs/html-docs/index.html
27 although it might be elsewhere if your system administrator
28 chose to install the package elsewhere. Sometimes, errors
29 are corrected in the documentation and placed at
30 http://atlc.sourceforge.net/ before a new release of atlc is
31 released. Please, if you notice a problem with the documen-
32 tation - even spelling errors and typos, please let me know.
37 <H2>DESCRIPTION</H2><PRE>
38 <B>atlc</B> is a finite difference program that is used to calcu-
39 late the properties of a two-conductor electrical transmis-
40 sion line of arbitrary cross section. It is used whenever
41 there are no analytical formula known, yet you still require
42 an answer. It can calculate:
43 The impedance Zo (in Ohms)
44 The capacitance per unit length (pF/m)
45 The inductance per unit length (nF/m)
46 The velocity of propagation v (m/s)
47 The velocity factor, v/c, which is dimensionless.
49 A bitmap file (usually with the extension .bmp or .BMP) is
50 drawn in a graphics package such as <B>Gimp</B> available from
51 http://www.gimp.org. The bitmap file <B>must</B> be saved as a 24-
52 bit (16,777,216 colour) uncompqessed file. The colours used
53 in the bitmap indicate whether the region is a conductor
54 (pure red, pure green or pure blue) or a dielectric (any-
55 thing else). Pure white is assumed to be a vacuum dielec-
56 tric, but other colours have different meanings. See COLOURS
57 below for precise definitions of the colours.
63 print copyright, licensing and copying information.
65 Skip writing the Ex, Ey, E, V, U and Er bitmap (.bmp) files
67 Skip writing the Ex, Ey, E, V, U and Er binary (.bin) files
69 makes the output more verbose/talkative.
70 <B>-c</B> <B>cutoff</B>
71 Sets the convergence criteria of the finite difference pro-
72 gram. The default is 0.0001, meaning two separate iterations
73 must be within 01% for the program to stop iterating. Set-
74 ting to a smaller positive number gives more accuracy, but
77 <B>-d</B> <B>rrggbb=Er</B>
78 is used to indicate the colour 0xrrggbb in the bitmap is
79 used to represent a material with permittivity Er. See also
82 <B>-i</B> <B>factor</B>
83 is used to lighten or darken the .bmp electric field profile
84 images produced by atlc. Set factor > 2 to lighten or
85 between 1 and 2 to darken.
87 <B>-r</B> <B>ratemultiplier</B>
88 Sets the parameter 'r' used internally when computing the
89 voltage at a point w,h. The default, which is (as of ver-
90 sion 3.0.0) 1.95, results in what is believed to be optimal
91 results. Setting to 1.0 will avoid the use of the fast con-
92 vergence method, which is generally not a good idea.
94 <B>-p</B> <B>prefix</B>
95 Adds 'prefix', which is usually a directory name, in front
100 <H2>COLOURS</H2><PRE>
101 The 24-bitmaps that atlc uses have 8 bits assigned to
102 represent the amount of red, 8 for blue and 8 for green.
103 Hence there are 256 levels of red, green and blue, making a
104 total of 256*256*256=16777216 colours. Every one of the pos-
105 sible 16777216 colours can be defined precisely by the stat-
106 ing the exact amount of red, green and blue, as in:
108 red = 255,000,000 or 0xff0000
109 green = 000,255,000 or 0x00ff00
110 blue = 000,000,255 or 0x0000ff
111 black = 000,000,000 or 0x000000
112 white = 255,255,255 or 0xffffff
113 Brown = 255,000,255 or 0xff00ff
114 gray = 142,142,142 or 0x8e8e8e
116 Some colours, such as pink, turquiose, sandy, brown, gray
117 etc may mean slightly different things to different people.
118 This is not so with atlc, as the program expects the colours
119 below to be exactly defined as given. Whether you feel the
120 colour is sandy or yellow is up to you, but if you use it in
121 your bitmap, then it either needs to be a colour reconised
122 by atlc, <B>or</B> you <B>must</B> define it with a command line option
124 red = 255,000,000 or 0xFF0000 is the live conductor.
125 green = 000,255,000 or 0x00FF00 is the grounded conductor.
126 blue = 000,000,255 or 0x0000FF is the negative conductor
128 All bitmaps <B>must</B> have the live (red) and grounded (green)
129 conductor. The blue conductor is used to indicate a negative
130 conductor, is needed when the program is used to analyse
131 directional couplers.
133 The following dielectrics are reconised by atlc<B>:</B>
135 white 255,255,255 or 0xFFFFFF as Er=1.0 (vacuum)
136 pink 255,202,202 or 0xFFCACA as Er=1.0006 (air)
137 L. blue 130,052,255 or 0x8235EF as Er=2.1 (PTFE)
138 Mid gray 142,242,142 or 0x8E8E8E as Er=2.2 (duroid 5880)
139 mauve 255.000,255 or 0xFF00FF as Er=2.33 (polyethylene)
140 yellow 255,255,000 or 0xFFFF00 as Er=2.5 (polystyrene)
141 sandy 239,203,027 or 0xEFCC1A as Er=3.3 (PVC)
142 brown 188,127,096 or 0xBC7F60 as Er=3.335 (epoxy resin)
143 L. yellow 223,247,136 or 0xDFF788 as Er=3.7 (FR4 PCB)
144 Turquoise 026,239,179 or 0x1AEFB3 as Er=4.8 (glass PCB)
145 Dark gray 142,142,142 or 0x696969 as Er=6.15 (duroid 6006)
146 L. gray 240,240,240 or 0xDCDCDC as Er=10.2 (duroid 6010)
147 D. orange 213,160,067 or 0xD5A04D as Er=100.0 (mainly for
152 <H2>EXAMPLES</H2><PRE>
153 Here are a few examples of the use of atlc. Again, see the
154 html documentation in atlc-X.Y.Z
\e9ocsl-docs, the documentation
155 on your system (normally at
156 /usr/local/share/atlc/docs/html-docs/index.html ) or online
157 at http://atlc.sourceforge.net for examples.
159 <B>ex_1</B> <B>%</B> <B>atlc</B> <B>coax2.bmp</B>
160 This is a simple example (ex_1), in which the geometry of a
161 transmission line is defined in coax2.bmp. In this example,
162 only the predefined dielectrics (Er =1.0, 1.0006, 2.1, 2.2,
163 2.33, 2.5, 3.3, 3.335, 3.7, 4.8, 6.15 or 10.2) could have
164 been used in the bitmap, which would have been done with one
165 of 13 different colours. white (0xFFFFFF) for Er=1.0, pink
166 (0xFFCACA) for 1.0006 etc. No other colour (dielectric)
167 could have been used, since it was not specified with the -d
170 <B>ex_2</B> <B>%</B> <B>atlc</B> <B>-d</B> <B>f9e77d=2.43</B> <B>somefile.bmp</B>
171 In ex_2, a dielectric with Er=2.43 was wanted. A colour with
172 the RGB values of 0xF9E7&d was used. The -d option tells
173 atlc what Er this colour refers to.
175 <B>ex_3</B> <B>%</B> <B>atlc</B> <B>-v</B> <B>coax2.bmp</B>
176 In ex_3, atlc has been instructed to print the results of
177 intermediate calculations to stdout. Normally, only the
178 final result is printed. Using -vv even more information may
179 be produced, but this is really of only use to the developer
186 Original bitmap file. Must be 24-bit colour uncompressed.
188 X-component of E-field as a bitmap. Red=+dV/dx, blue =-
191 y-component of E-field as a bitmap. Red=+y, blue =-y
193 E-field, as E=sqrt(Ex^2+Ey^2).
195 Voltage as a bitmap, red= positive, blue =negative.
197 Bitmap showing the permittivity as a grayscale. Lighter
203 In addition to the bitmaps, the data is also saved in binary
206 All the saved binary files (.bin's) are saved as a double
207 precision number for each of the pixels. The first double is
208 the top left, the last the bottom right. If the original
209 image has width W and height H, the saved binary files will
212 All the saved bitmap files are 24-bit uncompressed, just
213 like the input files.
217 <H2>SEE ALSO</H2><PRE>
218 <B>atlc(1)</B> <B>create_bmp_for_circ_in_circ(1)</B>
219 <B>create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect(1)</B>
220 <B>create_bmp_for_microstrip_coupler(1)</B>
221 <B>create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect(1)</B>
222 <B>create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect_coupler(1)</B>
223 <B>create_bmp_for_rect_in_circ(1)</B>
224 <B>create_bmp_for_rect_in_rect(1)</B>
225 <B>create_bmp_for_stripline_coupler(1)</B>
226 <B>create_bmp_for_symmetrical_stripline(1)</B> <B>design_coupler(1)</B>
227 <B>find_optimal_dimensions_for_microstrip_coupler(1)</B> <B>readbin(1)</B>
229 http://atlc.sourceforge.net - Home page
230 http://sourceforge.net/projects/atlc - Download area
231 atlc-X.Y.Z/docs/html-docs/index.html - HTML docs
232 atlc-X.Y.Z/docs/qex-december-1996/atlc.pdf - theory paper
233 atlc-X.Y.Z/examples - examples
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