-#LyX 1.4.3 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+#LyX 1.4.4 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
\lyxformat 245
\begin_document
\begin_header
\begin_body
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Comment
+\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Standard
Two resp.
- three consecutive dashes simply result in a long resp.
+ three consecutive dashes would otherwise result in a long resp.
extra long dash.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Date
\size normal
-SDCC 2.6.4
+SDCC 2.6.5
\size footnotesize
\newline
-$Date$
+$Date:: $
\newline
$Revision$
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Comment
+\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
\emph on
C
\emph default
-ompiler) is an open source, retargettable, optimizing ANSI-C compiler by
-
+ompiler) is free open source, retargettable, optimizing ANSI-C compiler
+ by
\series bold
Sandeep Dutta
\series default
\newline
\newline
-SDCC also comes with a companion source level debugger SDCDB, the debugger
- currently uses ucSim a freeware simulator for 8051 and other micro-controllers.<
+SDCC also comes with a companion source level debugger SDCDB.
+ The debugger currently uses ucSim, a free open source simulator for 8051
+ and other micro-controllers.
\newline
\newline
-
-The latest version can be downloaded from
+The latest SDCC version can be downloaded from
+
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/snap.php}
\end_inset
\emph default
; source code for all the sub-packages (pre-processor, assemblers, linkers
etc) is distributed with the package.
- This documentation is maintained using a freeware word processor (LyX).
+ This documentation is maintained using a free open source word processor
+ (LyX).
\newline
-This
- program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
- the terms of the GNU General Public License
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{GNU General Public License, GPL}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-This version has numerous bug fixes compared with the previous version.
- But we also introduced some incompatibilities with older versions.
+Newer versions have usually numerous bug fixes compared with the previous
+ version.
+ But we also sometimes introduce some incompatibilities with older versions.
Not just for the fun of it, but to make the compiler more stable, efficient
and ANSI compliant
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{ANSI-compliance}
for ANSI-Compliance).
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+It would be fine to add to each item, in which version was it changed.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\newline
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
short is now equivalent to int (16 bits), it used to be equivalent to char
(8 bits) which is not ANSI compliant.
+ To maintain compatibility, old programs may be compiled using the --short-is-8b
+its commandline option (see
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \vref{lyx:--short-is-8bits}
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Some of the other tools (simulator and assembler) included with SDCC contain
their own documentation and can be found in the source distribution.
If you want the latest unreleased software, the complete source package
- is available directly from Subversion on https://svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/sdcc
-/trunk/sdcc.
+ is available directly from Subversion on https://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/
+sdcc/trunk/sdcc.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-the binaries can be built by cross compiling on Sourceforge's compile farm.
+the binaries can be built by cross compiling on SDCC Distributed Compile
+ Farm.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Comment
+\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
\series medium
Download the source package
\series default
- either from the SDCC Subversion repository or from the nightly snapshots
+ either from the SDCC Subversion repository or from snapshot builds
\series medium
, it will be named something like sdcc
\series default
-.src
+-src
\series medium
-.t
+-yyyymmdd-rrrr.t
\series default
ar.
\series medium
-gz
+bz2
\series default
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/snap.php}
Unpack the file using a command like:
\family sans
\series bold
-"tar -xvzf sdcc.src.tar.gz
+"tar -xvzf sdcc-src-yyyymmdd-rrrr.tar.bz2
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
\family default
-\series default
-"
\series medium
, this will create a sub-directory called sdcc with all of the sources.
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Building SDCC on OSX 2.x
+Building SDCC on Mac OS X
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\newline
\newline
-On OSX 2.x it was reported, that the default
- gcc (version 3.1 20020420 (prerelease)) fails to compile SDCC.
+On Mac OS X 10.2.x it was reported, that the
+ default gcc (version 3.1 20020420 (prerelease)) fails to compile SDCC.
Fortunately there's also gcc 2.9.x installed, which works fine.
This compiler can be selected by running 'configure' with:
\end_layout
Download the source package
\series default
either from the SDCC Subversion repository or from the
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[nightly snapshots]{http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/snap.php}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[snapshot builds]{http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/snap.php}
\end_inset
\series medium
, it will be named something like sdcc
\series default
-.src
+-src
\series medium
-.tgz.
+-yyyymmdd-rrrr.tar.bz2.
\series default
SDCC is distributed with all the projects, workspaces, and files you need
\end_inset
- is a freeware, opensource simulator developed by Daniel Drotos.
+ is a free open source simulator developed by Daniel Drotos.
The simulator is built as part of the build process.
For more information visit Daniel's web site at:
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://mazsola.iit.uni-miskolc.hu/~drdani/embedded/s51}
\end_inset
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+hyperlinks needed
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ - see also section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \vref{sub:Postprocessing-the-Intel}
+
+\end_inset
+
).
Both formats are documented in the documentation of srecord
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{srecord (bin, hex, ... tool)}
\emph on
f
\emph default
-ormat is commonly used by third party tools (debuggers
+ormat is a subformat of the OMF51 format and is commonly used by third party
+ tools (debuggers
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Debugger}
\end_inset
-, simulators, emulators)
+, simulators, emulators).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\end_inset
file
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:Postprocessing-the-Intel}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:Command-Line-Options}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_inset
-.
+, which is based on AVR-port of the gcc compiler.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Comment
+\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Comment
+\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
\series default
- The additional location where the pre processor will look for <..h> or
+ The additional location where the preprocessor will look for <..h> or
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\series bold
-pedantic-parse-number
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{pedantic}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-pedantic-parse-number}
\end_inset
\size large
\bar under
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{lyx:-pedantic-parse-number}
+
+\end_inset
+
\series default
\size default
\bar default
-Pedentic parse numbers so that situations like 0xfe-LO_B(3) are parsed properly
+Pedantic parse numbers so that situations like 0xfe-LO_B(3) are parsed properly
and the macro LO_B(3) gets expanded.
- See also #pragma pedantic_parse_number in section
+ See also #pragma pedantic_parse_number
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \vpageref{ite:pedantic_parse_number}
+
+\end_inset
+
+ in section
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:Pragmas}
\end_inset
\emph on
-Note: this functionality is not in conformance with standard!
+Note: this functionality is not in conformance with C99 standard!
\end_layout
\begin_layout List
-model-flat24 option
\emph default
).
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+--stack-8-bit - switches off the 10-bit mode
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout List
\series default
-The output path resp.
- file where everything will be placed.
+The output path where everything will be placed or the file name used for
+ all generated output files.
If the parameter is a path, it must have a trailing slash (or backslash
for the Windows binaries) to be recognized as a path.
+
+\emph on
+\emph default
+Note for Windows users: if the path contains spaces, it should be surrounded
+ by quotes.
+ The trailing backslash should be doubled in order to prevent escaping the
+ final quote, for example:
+\emph on
+-o
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+F:
+\backslash
+Projects
+\backslash
+test3
+\backslash
+output 1
+\backslash
+
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ or put after the final quote, for example:
+\emph on
+-o
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+F:
+\backslash
+Projects
+\backslash
+test3
+\backslash
+output 1
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+
+\emph default
+.
+ The path using slashes for directory delimiters can be used too, for example:
+
+\emph on
+-o
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+F:/Projects/test3/output 1/
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout List
\end_inset
- function1[,function2][,function3]....
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{lyx:--callee-saves-function1[,function2][,function3]...}
+
+\end_inset
+
+function1[,function2][,function3]....
\series default
The compiler by default uses a caller saves convention for register saving
across function calls, however this can cause unnecessary register pushing
- & popping when calling small functions from larger functions.
+ and popping when calling small functions from larger functions.
This option can be used to switch the register saving convention for the
function names specified.
The compiler will not save registers when calling these functions, no extra
- code will be generated at the entry & exit (function prologue
+ code will be generated at the entry and exit (function prologue
\series bold
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{function prologue}
\series default
- & epilogue
+ and epilogue
\series bold
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{function epilogue}
\series default
-) for these functions to save & restore the registers used by these functions,
- this can SUBSTANTIALLY reduce code & improve run time performance of the
- generated code.
+) for these functions to save and restore the registers used by these functions,
+ this can SUBSTANTIALLY reduce code and improve run time performance of
+ the generated code.
In the future the compiler (with inter procedural analysis) will be able
to determine the appropriate scheme to use for each function call.
DO NOT use this option for built-in functions such as _mulint..., if this
-callee-saves option string.
Also see #pragma\InsetSpace ~
-callee_saves
+callee_saves
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma callee\_saves}
\end_inset
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \vpageref{ite:callee_saves-function1[,function2[,function3...]]--}
+
+\end_inset
+
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-all-callee-saves
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-all-callee-saves}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+Function of
+\series bold
+
+\series default
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-callee-saves will be applied to all functions by default.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+
\backslash
/
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-funsigned-char
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-funsigned-char}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ The default signedness for every type is
+\family typewriter
+ signed
+\family default
+.
+ In some embedded environments the default signedness of
+\family typewriter
+ char
+\family default
+ is
+\family typewriter
+ unsigned
+\family default
+.
+ To set the signess for characters to unsigned, use the option --funsigned-char.
+ If this option is set and no signedness keyword (unsigned/signed) is given,
+ a char will be signed.
+ All other types are unaffected.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+
\backslash
/
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-fverbose-asm
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-no-gen-comments}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Include code generator and peep-hole comments in the generated asm files.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+
\backslash
/
\end_layout
\series default
- Will not include peep-hole comments in the generated files.
+ Don't include peep-hole comments in the generated asm files even if --fverbose-
+asm option is specified.
\end_layout
\begin_layout List
\end_inset
-less-pedantic
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{pedantic}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-less-pedantic}
\end_inset
\series default
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{lyx:--less-pedantic}
+
+\end_inset
+
Disable some of the more pedantic warnings
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Warnings}
\end_inset
- (jwk burps: please be more specific here, please!).
+.
+ For more details, see the less_pedantic pragma
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \vpageref{ite:less_pedantic}
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout List
\InsetSpace ~
<Name> The name to be used for the const
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{code}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{const}
\end_inset
\series default
- Permit '$' as an identifier character
+ Permit '$' as an identifier character.
\end_layout
\begin_layout List
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\series bold
-more-pedantic
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-more-pedantic
\series default
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-more-pedantic}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{pedantic}
+
+\end_inset
+
Actually this is
\series bold
\emph on
myprogram.c
\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-short-is-8bits
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-short-is-8bits}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{lyx:--short-is-8bits}
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Treat short as 8-bit (for backward compatibility with older versions of
+ compiler - see section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:Compatibility-with-previous}
+
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
\emph default
-) should be used in interrupt
+) should be used for example in interrupt
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{interrupt}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The compiler inserts a call to the C routine
+The compiler triggers the linker to link certain initialization modules
+ from the runtime library
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Runtime library}
+
+\end_inset
+
+ called crt<something>.
+ Only the necessary ones are linked, for instance crtxstack.asm (GSINIT1,
+ GSINIT5) is not linked unless the --xstack option is used.
+ These modules are highly entangled by the use of special segments/areas,
+ but a common layout is shown below:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
+\size footnotesize
+(main.asm)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\size footnotesize
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+.area HOME (CODE)
+\newline
+__interrupt_vect:
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+ljmp __sdcc_gsinit_startup
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
+\size footnotesize
+(crtstart.asm)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\size footnotesize
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+.area GSINIT0 (CODE)
+\newline
+__sdcc_gsinit_startup::
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+mov sp,#__start__stack - 1
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
+\size footnotesize
+(crtxstack.asm)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\size footnotesize
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+.area GSINIT1 (CODE)
+\newline
+__sdcc_init_xstack::
+\newline
+; Need to initialize in GSINIT1 in
+ case the user's __sdcc_external_startup uses the xstack.
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+mov __XPAGE,#(__start__x
+stack >> 8)
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+mov _spx,#__start__xstack
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
+\size footnotesize
+(crtstart.asm)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\size footnotesize
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+.area GSINIT2 (CODE)
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+lcall __sdcc_external_startup
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+mov a,dpl
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+jz __sdcc_init_data
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+ljmp
+ __sdcc_program_startup
+\newline
+__sdcc_init_data:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
+\size footnotesize
+(crtxinit.asm)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\size footnotesize
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+.area GSINIT3 (CODE)
+\newline
+__mcs51_genXINIT::
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+mov r1,#l_XINIT
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+mov a,r1
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+orl a,#(l_XINIT
+ >> 8)
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+jz 00003$
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+mov r2,#((l_XINIT+255) >> 8)
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+mov dptr,#s_XINIT
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+mov r0,#s_XISEG
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+mov
+ __XPAGE,#(s_XISEG >> 8)
+\newline
+00001$:\InsetSpace ~
+clr a
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+movc a,@a+dptr
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+movx @r0,a
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+inc dptr
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+inc
+ r0
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+cjne r0,#0,00002$
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+inc __XPAGE
+\newline
+00002$:\InsetSpace ~
+djnz r1,00001$
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+djnz r2,00001$
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+mov __XPAGE,#0
+xFF
+\newline
+00003$:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
+\size footnotesize
+(crtclear.asm)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\size footnotesize
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+.area GSINIT4 (CODE)
+\newline
+__mcs51_genRAMCLEAR::
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+clr a
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+mov r0,#(l_IRAM-1)
+\newline
+00004$:\InsetSpace ~
+mov
+ @r0,a
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+djnz r0,00004$
+\newline
+; _mcs51_genRAMCLEAR() end
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
+\size footnotesize
+(crtxclear.asm)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\size footnotesize
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+.area GSINIT4 (CODE)
+\newline
+__mcs51_genXRAMCLEAR::
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+mov r0,#l_PSEG
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+mov a,r0
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+jz 00006$
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+mov
+ r1,#s_PSEG
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+mov __XPAGE,#(s_PSEG >> 8)
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+clr a
+\newline
+00005$:\InsetSpace ~
+movx @r1,a
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+inc r1
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+djnz r0,00005$
+\newline
+0
+0006$:
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+mov r0,#l_XSEG
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+mov a,r0
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+orl a,#(l_XSEG >> 8)
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+jz 00008$
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+mov r1,#((l_XSEG
+ + 255) >> 8)
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+mov dptr,#s_XSEG
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+clr a
+\newline
+00007$:\InsetSpace ~
+movx @dptr,a
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+inc dptr
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+djnz r0,00007$
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+djnz
+ r1,00007$
+\newline
+00008$:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
+\size footnotesize
+(crtxstack.asm)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\size footnotesize
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+.area GSINIT5 (CODE)
+\newline
+; Need to initialize in GSINIT5 because __mcs51_genXINIT
+ modifies __XPAGE
+\newline
+; and __mcs51_genRAMCLEAR modifies _spx.
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+mov __XPAGE,#(__start__x
+stack >> 8)
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+mov _spx,#__start__xstack
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
+\size footnotesize
+(application modules)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\size footnotesize
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+.area GSINIT (CODE)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
+\size footnotesize
+(main.asm)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\size footnotesize
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+.area GSFINAL (CODE)
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+ljmp __sdcc_program_startup
+\newline
+;---------------------------------
+-----------------------
+\newline
+; Home
+\newline
+;--------------------------------------------------
+------
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+.area HOME (CODE)
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+.area CSEG (CODE)
+\newline
+__sdcc_program_startup:
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+lcall _main
+\newline
+;
+ return from main will lock up
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+sjmp .
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+One of these modules (crtstart.asm) contains a call to the C routine
\emph on
_sdcc_external_startup()
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_sdcc\_external\_startup()}
\series default
at the start of the CODE area.
- This routine is in the runtime library
+ This routine is also in the runtime library
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Runtime library}
\end_inset
-.
- By default this routine returns 0, if this routine returns a non-zero value,
- the static & global variable initialization will be skipped and the function
- main will be invoked.
+ and returns 0 by default.
+ If this routine returns a non-zero value, the static & global variable
+ initialization will be skipped and the function main will be invoked.
Otherwise static & global variables will be initialized before the function
main is invoked.
- You could add a
+ You could add an
\emph on
_sdcc_external_startup()
\emph default
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
+
+\series bold
_asm
+\series default
+
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
+
+\series bold
_endasm;
+\series default
+
\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Foot
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note, that the single underscore form (_asm and _endasm) are not C99-compatible,
+ and for C-99 compatibility, the double-underscore form (__asm and __endasm)
+ has to be used.
+ The latter is also used in the library functions.
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
to the beginning and the end of the function body:
\end_inset
or online at
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/as/doc/asxhtm.html}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/as/doc/asxhtm.html}
\end_inset
SDCC allows the use of in-line assembler with a few restrictions regarding
labels.
In older versions of the compiler all labels defined within inline assembler
- code
-\emph on
-had to be
-\emph default
- of the form
+ code had to be of the form
\emph on
nnnnn$
\emph default
- where nnnn is a number less than 100 (which implies a limit of utmost 100
- inline assembler labels
+ where nnnnn is a number less than 100 (which implies a limit of utmost
+ 100 inline assembler labels
\emph on
per function
\emph default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Inline assembler code cannot reference any C-Labels, however it can reference
+Inline assembler code cannot reference any C-labels, however it can reference
labels
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Labels}
\emph default
- to pass the first parameter to a routine.
- The second parameter onwards is either allocated on the stack (for reentrant
+ to pass the first parameter to a function, and also to pass the return
+ value
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{return value}
+
+\end_inset
+
+of function; according to the following scheme: one byte return value in
+
+\emph on
+DPL
+\emph default
+, two byte value in
+\emph on
+DPL
+\emph default
+ (LSB) and
+\emph on
+DPH
+\emph default
+ (MSB).
+ three byte values (generic pointers) in
+\emph on
+DPH
+\emph default
+,
+\emph on
+DPL
+\emph default
+ and
+\emph on
+B
+\emph default
+, and four byte values in
+\emph on
+DPH
+\emph default
+,
+\emph on
+DPL
+\emph default
+,
+\emph on
+ B
+\emph default
+ and
+\emph on
+ACC
+\emph default
+.
+ Generic pointers
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{generic pointer}
+
+\end_inset
+
+ contain type of accessed memory in
+\emph on
+B
+\emph default
+:
+\series bold
+0x00
+\series default
+ -- xdata/far,
+\series bold
+0x40
+\series default
+ -- idata/near -- ,
+\series bold
+0x60
+\series default
+ -- pdata,
+\series bold
+0x80
+\series default
+ -- code
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This might not be the case of certain memory models (medium???)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The second parameter onwards is either allocated on the stack (for reentrant
routines or if -
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
--stack-auto is used) or in data / xdata memory (depending on the memory
- model).
+-stack-auto is used) or in data/xdata memory (depending on the memory model).
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Registers usage
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Unless the called function is declared as
+\family typewriter
+_naked
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{naked}
+
+\end_inset
+
+, or the -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-callee-saves
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-callee-saves}
+
+\end_inset
+
+/-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-all-callee-saves command line option or the corresponding callee_saves
+ pragma are used, the caller will save the registers (
+\emph on
+R0-R7
+\emph default
+) around the call, so the called function can destroy they content freely.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If the called function is not declared as
+\family typewriter
+_naked
+\family default
+, the caller will swap register banks around the call, if caller and callee
+ use different register banks (having them defined by the
+\family typewriter
+_using
+\family default
+ modifier).
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The called function can also use
+\emph on
+DPL
+\emph default
+,
+\emph on
+DPH
+\emph default
+,
+\emph on
+B
+\emph default
+ and
+\emph on
+ACC
+\emph default
+ observing that they are used for parameter/return value passing.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Assembler Routine (non-reentrant)
\end_layout
ret
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Note here that the return values
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{return value}
-
-\end_inset
-
- are placed in 'dpl' - One byte return value, 'dpl' LSB & 'dph' MSB for
- two byte values.
- 'dpl', 'dph' and 'b' for three byte values (generic pointers) and 'dpl','dph','
-b' & 'acc' for four byte values.
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Standard
The parameter naming convention is _<function_name>_PARM_<n>, where n is
the parameter number starting from 1, and counting from the left.
The first parameter is passed in
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-dpl
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- for a one byte parameter,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-dptr
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- for two bytes,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-b,dptr
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- for three bytes and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-acc,b,dptr
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- for a four bytes parameter.
+\emph on
+DPH
+\emph default
+,
+\emph on
+DPL
+\emph default
+,
+\emph on
+B
+\emph default
+ and
+\emph on
+ACC
+\emph default
+ according to the description above.
The variable name for the second parameter will be _<function_name>_PARM_2.
\newline
onwards will be passed on the stack, the parameters are pushed from right
to left i.e.
- after the call the leftmost parameter will be on the top of the stack.
+ before the call the second leftmost parameter will be on the top of the
+ stack (the leftmost parameter is passed in registers).
Here is an example:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-extern int asm_func(unsigned char, unsigned char);
+extern int asm_func(unsigned char, unsigned char, unsigned char) reentrant;
\newline
\newline
-int c_func (unsigned char
- i, unsigned char j) reentrant
+int
+ c_func (unsigned char i, unsigned char j, unsigned char k) reentrant
\newline
-{
+{
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-return asm_func(i,j);
+return asm_func(i,j,k);
\newline
}
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-return
- c_func(10,9);
+return c_func(10,9,8);
\newline
}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The corresponding assembler routine is:
+The corresponding (unoptimized) assembler routine is:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-push _bp
+push\InsetSpace ~
+_bp
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-mov _bp,sp
+mov\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+_bp,sp\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+;stack contains: _bp, return
+ address, second parameter, third parameter
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-mov r2,dpl
+mov\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+r2,dpl
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-mov a,_bp
+mov\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+a,_bp
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-add
- a,#0xfd
+add\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+a,#0xfd\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+;calculate
+ pointer to the second parameter
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-mov r0,a
+mov\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+r0,a
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-add a,#0xfc ;?
+mov\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+a,_bp
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-mov r1,a
+add\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+a,#0xfc\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+;calculate pointer
+ to the rightmost parameter
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-mov a,@r0
+mov\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+r1,a
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-add a,r2 ;?
+mov\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+a,@r0
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-mov dpl,a
-
+add\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+a,@r1
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-mov dph,#0x00
+add\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+a,r2\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+;calculate the
+ result (= sum of all three parameters)
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-mov sp,_bp
+mov\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+dpl,a\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+;return value goes into dptr
+ (cast into int)
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-pop _bp
+mov\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+dph,#0x00
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+mov\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+sp,_bp
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+pop\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+_bp
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
not
\emph default
support long variables and field widths).
- Be shure to only use only one of these printf options within a project.
+ Be sure to use only one of these printf options within a project.
\newline
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
0.25 / 0.25 ms
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+printf_tiny integer speed is data dependent, worst case is 0.33 ms
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Comment
+\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-SDCC supports the following #pragma directives:
+Pragmas are used to turn on and/or off certain compiler options.
+ Some of them are closely related to corresponding command-line options
+ (see section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \vref{sec:Command-Line-Options}
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\newline
+Pragmas should be placed before and/or after a function, placing pragmas
+ inside a function body could have unpredictable results.
+\newline
+
+\newline
+SDCC supports the
+ following #pragma directives:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\end_inset
- function1[,function2[,function3...]] - The compiler by default uses a caller
- saves convention for register saving across function calls, however this
- can cause unnecessary register pushing & popping
+ function1[,function2[,function3...]]
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{ite:callee_saves-function1[,function2[,function3...]]--}
+
+\end_inset
+
+- The compiler by default uses a caller saves convention for register saving
+ across function calls, however this can cause unnecessary register pushing
+ and popping
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{push/pop}
\end_inset
This option can be used to switch off the register saving convention for
the function names specified.
The compiler will not save registers when calling these functions, extra
- code need to be manually inserted at the entry & exit for these functions
- to save & restore the registers used by these functions, this can SUBSTANTIALLY
- reduce code & improve run time performance of the generated code.
+ code need to be manually inserted at the entry and exit for these functions
+ to save and restore the registers used by these functions, this can SUBSTANTIAL
+LY reduce code and improve run time performance of the generated code.
In the future the compiler (with inter procedural analysis) may be able
to determine the appropriate scheme to use for each function call.
If -
\end_inset
--callee-saves command line option is used, the function names specified
- in #pragma\InsetSpace ~
+-callee-saves command line option is used (see page
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \vpageref{lyx:--callee-saves-function1[,function2][,function3]...}
+
+\end_inset
+
+), the function names specified in #pragma\InsetSpace ~
callee_saves
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma callee\_saves}
less_pedantic
\series default
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{pedantic}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma less\_pedantic}
\end_inset
- - the compiler will not warn you anymore for obvious mistakes, you'r on
- your own now ;-(
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{ite:less_pedantic}
+
+\end_inset
+
+- the compiler will not warn you anymore for obvious mistakes, you'r on
+ your own now ;-( .
+ See also the command line option -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-less-pedantic
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \vpageref{lyx:--less-pedantic}
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+
+\newline
+More specifically, the following warnings will be disabled:
+\shape italic
+comparison is always [true/false] due to limited range of data type
+\shape default
+ (94);
+\shape italic
+overflow in implicit constant conversion
+\shape default
+ (158); [the (in)famous]
+\shape italic
+conditional flow changed by optimizer: so said EVELYN the modified DOG
+\shape default
+ (110);
+\shape italic
+function '[function name]' must return value
+\shape default
+ (59).
+
+\newline
+Furthermore, warnings of less importance (of PEDANTIC and INFO warning
+ level) are disabled, too, namely:
+\shape italic
+constant value '[
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+dunno what comes here - this warning appears to be unused altogether
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+]', out of range
+\shape default
+ (81);
+\shape italic
+[left/right] shifting more than size of object changed to zero
+\shape default
+ (116);
+\shape italic
+unreachable code
+\shape default
+ (126);
+\shape italic
+integer overflow in expression
+\shape default
+ (165);
+\shape italic
+unmatched #pragma save and #pragma restore
+\shape default
+ (170);
+\shape italic
+comparison of 'signed char' with 'unsigned char' requires promotion to int
+\shape default
+ (185);
+\shape italic
+ISO C90 does not support flexible array members
+\shape default
+ (187);
+\shape italic
+extended stack by [number] bytes for compiler temp(s) :in function '[function\InsetSpace ~
+nam
+e]':\InsetSpace ~
+[
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+appears to be always blank - what was supposed to be here?
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+]
+\shape default
+ (114);
+\shape italic
+function '[function name]', # edges [number] , # nodes [number] , cyclomatic
+ complexity [number]
+\shape default
+ (121).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
pedantic_parse_number
\series default
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{pedantic}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma pedantic\_parse\_number}
\end_inset
- (+ | -) - Pedantic parse numbers so that situations like 0xfe-LO_B(3) are
- parsed properly and the macro LO_B(3) gets expanded.
+ (+ | -)
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{ite:pedantic_parse_number}
+
+\end_inset
+
+- Pedantic parse numbers so that situations like 0xfe-LO_B(3) are parsed
+ properly and the macro LO_B(3) gets expanded.
Default is off.
- Below is an example on how to use this pragma.
+ See also the -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-pedantic-parse-number command line option
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \vpageref{lyx:-pedantic-parse-number}
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+
+\newline
+Below is an example on how to use this pragma.
\emph on
Note: this functionality is not in conformance with standard!
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The pragma's are intended to be used to turn-on or off certain optimizations
- which might cause the compiler to generate extra stack / data space to
- store compiler generated temporary variables.
+Some of the pragmas are intended to be used to turn-on or off certain optimizati
+ons which might cause the compiler to generate extra stack and/or data space
+ to store compiler generated temporary variables.
This usually happens in large functions.
Pragma directives should be used as shown in the following example, they
- are used to control options & optimizations for a given function; pragmas
- should be placed before and/or after a function, placing pragma's inside
- a function body could have unpredictable results.
+ are used to control options and optimizations for a given function.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-__sfr __at (0x92) _XPAGE; /* Cypress EZ-USB family */
+__sfr __at (0x85) _XPAGE; /* Ramtron VRS51 family a.k.a.
+ MPAGE */
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+__sfr __at (0x92) _XPAGE; /* Cypress EZ-USB family, Texas Instruments (Chipcon)
+ a.k.a.
+ MPAGE */
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+__sfr __at (0x91) _XPAGE; /* Infineon (Siemens) C500 family a.k.a.
+ XPAGE */
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-__sfr __at (0xaf) _XPAGE; /* some Silicon Labs (Cygnal) chips */
+__sfr __at (0xaf) _XPAGE; /* some Silicon Labs (Cygnal) chips a.k.a.
+ EMI0CN */
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-__sfr __at (0xaa) _XPAGE; /* some Silicon Labs (Cygnal) chips */
+__sfr __at (0xaa) _XPAGE; /* some Silicon Labs (Cygnal) chips a.k.a.
+ EMI0CN */
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
\newpage
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
- And as for any 8 bit micro (especially for PIC 14 as they have a very simple
+And as for any 8 bit micro (especially for PIC 14 as they have a very simple
instruction set), use 'unsigned char' whereever possible instead of 'int'.
\end_layout
\end_inset
--debug-extra
+-debug-xtra
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC14!Options!-\/-debug-extra}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+\family default
\newpage
\begin_layout Standard
-\backslash
-/
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
--all-callee-saves
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC16!Options!-\/-all-callee-saves}
-
-\end_inset
-
- All function arguments are passed on stack by default.
-
-\emph on
-There is no need to specify this in the command line.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
--
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
\backslash
/
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The steps to compile the pic16 libraries under Linux are:
+The steps to compile the pic16 libraries under Linux and Mac OS X are:
\end_layout
\begin_layout LyX-Code
\end_inset
-) and thus the nightly regression tests for the PIC16 target are currently
- disabled for all hosts except for
+) and thus the snapshot build regression tests for the PIC16 target are
+ currently disabled for all hosts
\emph on
-Linux on Opteron.
-
-\emph default
- This means you can see the result of the PIC16 regression tests f.e.
- by checking the log files in
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/regression_test_results/amd64-unknown-linux2.3/}
-
-\end_inset
-
- (pick the most up to date file there, scroll down, lend a hand).
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Chapter
\end_inset
- ) on howto handle syntax extensions like __xdata, __at(), ...
+) on how to handle syntax extensions like __xdata, __at(), ...
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Comment
+\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
raphics File
\size footnotesize
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://svn.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.cgi/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/doc/figures/ddd_example.png}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/doc/figures/ddd_example.png}
\end_inset
;;
\newline
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+\family default
\newpage
\end_inset
>
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/device/include/mcs51/compiler.h?view=markup}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/device/include/mcs51/compiler.h?view=markup}
\end_inset
to allow using common header files.
(see f.e.
cc2510fx.h
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/device/include/mcs51/cc2510fx.h?view=markup}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/device/include/mcs51/cc2510fx.h?view=markup}
\end_inset
\newline
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/ChangeLog}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/ChangeLog}
\end_inset
\newline
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/as/doc/asxhtm.html}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/as/doc/asxhtm.html}
\end_inset
\newline
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/doc/}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/doc/}
\end_inset
:
\newline
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/debugger/README}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/debugger/README}
\end_inset
\newline
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/sim/ucsim/doc/index.html}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/sim/ucsim/doc/index.html}
\end_inset
\emph default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/src/pic16/NOTES}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/src/pic16/NOTES}
\end_inset
in the Subversion repository
\size footnotesize
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://svn.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.cgi/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/ChangeLog}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.cgi/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/ChangeLog}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Comment
+\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The compiler is passed through nightly compile and build checks.
+The compiler is passed through snaphot build compile and build checks.
The so called
\shape italic
regression tests
\end_inset
check that SDCC itself compiles flawlessly on several host platforms (i386,
- Opteron, 64 bit Alpha, ppc64, MacOS X on PPC, Solaris on Sparc) and checks
+ Opteron, 64 bit Alpha, ppc64, Mac OS X on PPC, Solaris on Sparc) and checks
the quality of the code generated by SDCC by running the code for several
target platforms through simulators.
The regression test suite comprises more than 100 files which expand to
\emph on
their
\emph default
- choice (among them Alpha, i386, i386_64, MacOs, Mips, Sparc, Windows and
- eventually
+ choice (among them Alpha, i386, i386_64, Mac OS X, Mips, Sparc, Windows
+ and eventually
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[OLPC]{http://www.laptop.org}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
then SDCC is probably among the first choices.
Well, probably SDCC might be the only choice.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
\newpage
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Comment
+\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Comment
+\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Standard
more than 10^13 is an estimate: on my Athlon 2800+ it takes about (0.5+6.5+20)
minutes for (configure+make+regression test), and there is (i386, amd64,
- alpha, ppc64, (mingw32), sparc, macosx).
+ alpha, ppc64, (mingw32), sparc, Mac OS X).
\end_layout
projects / fw / sdcc / blobdiff