--- /dev/null
+Notes on upgrading from an older release
+========================================
+
+o Upgrading from a version prior to 1.8.2:
+
+ When matching Unix groups in the sudoers file, sudo will now
+ match based on the name of the group as it appears in sudoers
+ instead of the group ID. This can substantially reduce the
+ number of group lookups for sudoers files that contain a large
+ nummber of groups. There are a few side effects of this change.
+
+ 1) Unix groups with different names but the same group ID are
+ can no longer be used interchangably. Sudo will look up all
+ of a user's groups by group ID and use the resulting group
+ names when matching sudoers entries. If there are multiple
+ groups with the same ID, the group name returned by the
+ system getgrgid() library function is the name that will be
+ used when matching sudoers entries.
+
+ 2) Unix group names specified in the sudoers file that are
+ longer than the system maximum will no longer match. For
+ instance, if there is a Unix group "fireflie" on a system
+ where group names are limited to eight characters, "%fireflies"
+ in sudoers will no longer match "fireflie". Previously, a
+ lookup by name of the group "fireflies" would have matched
+ the "fireflie" group on most systems.
+
+o Upgrading from a version prior to 1.8.1:
+
+ Changes in the sudoers parser could result in parse errors for
+ existing sudoers file. These changes cause certain erroneous
+ entries to be flagged as errors where before they allowed.
+ Changes include:
+
+ Combining multiple Defaults entries with a backslash. E.g.
+
+ Defaults set_path \
+ Defaults syslog
+
+ which should be:
+
+ Defaults set_path
+ Defaults syslog
+
+ Also, double-quoted strings with a missing end-quote are now
+ detected and result in an error. Previously, text starting a
+ double quote and ending with a newline was ignored. E.g.
+
+ Defaults set_path"foo
+
+ In previous versions of sudo, the `"foo' portion would have
+ been ignored.
+
+ To avoid problems, sudo 1.8.1's "make install" will not install
+ a new sudo binary if the existing sudoers file has errors.
+
+ In Sudo 1.8.1 the "noexec" functionality has moved out of the
+ sudoers policy plugin and into the sudo front-end. As a result,
+ the path to the noexec file is now specified in the sudo.conf
+ file instead of the sudoers file. If you have a sudoers file
+ that uses the "noexec_file" option, you will need to move the
+ definition to the sudo.conf file instead.
+
+ Old style in /etc/sudoers:
+ Defaults noexec_file=/usr/local/libexec/sudo_noexec.so
+
+ New style in /etc/sudo.conf:
+ Path noexec /usr/local/libexec/sudo_noexec.so
+
+o Upgrading from a version prior to 1.8.0:
+
+ Starting with version 1.8.0, sudo uses a modular framework to
+ support policy and I/O logging plugins. The default policy
+ plugin is "sudoers" which provides the traditional sudoers
+ evaluation and I/O logging. Plugins are typically located in
+ /usr/libexec or /usr/local/libexec, though this is system-dependent.
+ The sudoers plugin is named "sudoers.so" on most systems.
+
+ The sudo.conf file, usually stored in /etc, is used to configure
+ plugins. This file is optional--if no plugins are specified
+ in sudo.conf, the "sudoers" plugin is used. See the sample.sudo.conf
+ file in the doc directory or refer to the updated sudo manual
+ to see how to configure sudo.conf.
+
+ The "askpass" setting has moved from the sudoers file to the
+ sudo.conf file. If you have a sudoers file that uses the
+ "askpass" option, you will need to move the definition to the
+ sudo.conf file.
+
+ Old style in /etc/sudoers:
+ Defaults askpass=/usr/X11R6/bin/ssh-askpass
+
+ New style in /etc/sudo.conf:
+ Path askpass /usr/X11R6/bin/ssh-askpass
+
+o Upgrading from a version prior to 1.7.5:
+
+ Sudo 1.7.5 includes an updated LDAP schema with support for
+ the sudoNotBefore, sudoNotAfter and sudoOrder attributes.
+
+ The sudoNotBefore and sudoNotAfter attribute support is only
+ used when the SUDOERS_TIMED setting is enabled in ldap.conf.
+ If enabled, those attributes are used directly when constructing
+ an LDAP filter. As a result, your LDAP server must have the
+ updated schema if you want to use sudoNotBefore and sudoNotAfter.
+
+ The sudoOrder support does not affect the LDAP filter sudo
+ constructs and so there is no need to explicitly enable it in
+ ldap.conf. If the sudoOrder attribute is not present in an
+ entry, a value of 0 is used. If no entries contain sudoOrder
+ attributes, the results are in whatever order the LDAP server
+ returns them, as in past versions of sudo.
+
+ Older versions of sudo will simply ignore the new attributes
+ if they are present in an entry. There are no compatibility
+ problems using the updated schema with older versions of sudo.
+
+o Upgrading from a version prior to 1.7.4:
+
+ Starting with sudo 1.7.4, the time stamp files have moved from
+ /var/run/sudo to either /var/db/sudo, /var/lib/sudo or /var/adm/sudo.
+ The directories are checked for existence in that order. This
+ prevents users from receiving the sudo lecture every time the
+ system reboots. Time stamp files older than the boot time are
+ ignored on systems where it is possible to determine this.
+
+ Additionally, the tty_tickets sudoers option is now enabled by
+ default. To restore the old behavior (single time stamp per user),
+ add a line like:
+ Defaults !tty_tickets
+ to sudoers or use the --without-tty-tickets configure option.
+
+ The HOME and MAIL environment variables are now reset based on the
+ target user's password database entry when the env_reset sudoers option
+ is enabled (which is the case in the default configuration). Users
+ wishing to preserve the original values should use a sudoers entry like:
+ Defaults env_keep += HOME
+ to preserve the old value of HOME and
+ Defaults env_keep += MAIL
+ to preserve the old value of MAIL.
+
+ NOTE: preserving HOME has security implications since many programs
+ use it when searching for configuration files. Adding HOME to env_keep
+ may enable a user to run unrestricted commands via sudo.
+
+ The default syslog facility has changed from "local2" to "authpriv"
+ (or "auth" if the operating system doesn't have "authpriv").
+ The --with-logfac configure option can be used to change this
+ or it can be changed in the sudoers file.
+
+o Upgrading from a version prior to 1.7.0:
+
+ Starting with sudo 1.7.0, comments in the sudoers file must not
+ have a digit or minus sign immediately after the comment character
+ ('#'). Otherwise, the comment may be interpreted as a user or
+ group ID.
+
+ When sudo is build with LDAP support the /etc/nsswitch.conf file is
+ now used to determine the sudoers seach order. sudo will default to
+ only using /etc/sudoers unless /etc/nsswitch.conf says otherwise.
+ This can be changed with an nsswitch.conf line, e.g.:
+ sudoers: ldap files
+ Would case LDAP to be searched first, then the sudoers file.
+ To restore the pre-1.7.0 behavior, run configure with the
+ --with-nsswitch=no flag.
+
+ Sudo now ignores user .ldaprc files as well as system LDAP defaults.
+ All LDAP configuration is now in /etc/ldap.conf (or whichever file
+ was specified by configure's --with-ldap-conf-file option).
+ If you are using TLS, you may now need to specify:
+ tls_checkpeer no
+ in sudo's ldap.conf unless ldap.conf references a valid certificate
+ authority file(s).
+
+ Please also see the NEWS file for a list of new features in
+ sudo 1.7.0.
+
+o Upgrading from a version prior to 1.6.9:
+
+ Starting with sudo 1.6.9, if an OS supports a modular authentication
+ method such as PAM, it will be used by default by configure.
+
+ Environment variable handling has changed significantly in sudo
+ 1.6.9. Prior to version 1.6.9, sudo would preserve the user's
+ environment, pruning out potentially dangerous variables.
+ Beginning with sudo 1.6.9, the envionment is reset to a default
+ set of values with only a small number of "safe" variables
+ preserved. To preserve specific environment variables, add
+ them to the "env_keep" list in sudoers. E.g.
+
+ Defaults env_keep += "EDITOR"
+
+ The old behavior can be restored by negating the "env_reset"
+ option in sudoers. E.g.
+
+ Defaults !env_reset
+
+ There have also been changes to how the "env_keep" and
+ "env_check" options behave.
+
+ Prior to sudo 1.6.9, the TERM and PATH environment variables
+ would always be preserved even if the env_keep option was
+ redefined. That is no longer the case. Consequently, if
+ env_keep is set with "=" and not simply appended to (i.e. using
+ "+="), PATH and TERM must be explicitly included in the list
+ of environment variables to keep. The LOGNAME, SHELL, USER,
+ and USERNAME environment variables are still always set.
+
+ Additionally, the env_check setting previously had no effect
+ when env_reset was set (which is now on by default). Starting
+ with sudo 1.6.9, environment variables listed in env_check are
+ also preserved in the env_reset case, provided that they do not
+ contain a '/' or '%' character. Note that it is not necessary
+ to also list a variable in env_keep--having it in env_check is
+ sufficent.
+
+ The default lists of variables to be preserved and/or checked
+ are displayed when sudo is run by root with the -V flag.
+
+o Upgrading from a version prior to 1.6.8:
+
+ Prior to sudo 1.6.8, if /var/run did not exist, sudo would put
+ the time stamp files in /tmp/.odus. As of sudo 1.6.8, the
+ time stamp files will be placed in /var/adm/sudo or /usr/adm/sudo
+ if there is no /var/run directory. This directory will be
+ created if it does not already exist.
+
+ Previously, a sudoers entry that explicitly prohibited running
+ a command as a certain user did not override a previous entry
+ allowing the same command. This has been fixed in sudo 1.6.8
+ such that the last match is now used (as it is documented).
+ Hopefully no one was depending on the previous (buggy) beghavior.
+
+o Upgrading from a version prior to 1.6:
+
+ As of sudo 1.6, parsing of runas entries and the NOPASSWD tag
+ has changed. Prior to 1.6, a runas specifier applied only to
+ a single command directly following it. Likewise, the NOPASSWD
+ tag only allowed the command directly following it to be run
+ without a password. Starting with sudo 1.6, both the runas
+ specifier and the NOPASSWD tag are "sticky" for an entire
+ command list. So, given the following line in sudo < 1.6
+
+ millert ALL=(daemon) NOPASSWD:/usr/bin/whoami,/bin/ls
+
+ millert would be able to run /usr/bin/whoami as user daemon
+ without a password and /bin/ls as root with a password.
+
+ As of sudo 1.6, the same line now means that millert is able
+ to run run both /usr/bin/whoami and /bin/ls as user daemon
+ without a password. To expand on this, take the following
+ example:
+
+ millert ALL=(daemon) NOPASSWD:/usr/bin/whoami, (root) /bin/ls, \
+ /sbin/dump
+
+ millert can run /usr/bin/whoami as daemon and /bin/ls and
+ /sbin/dump as root. No password need be given for either
+ command. In other words, the "(root)" sets the default runas
+ user to root for the rest of the list. If we wanted to require
+ a password for /bin/ls and /sbin/dump the line could be written
+ thusly:
+
+ millert ALL=(daemon) NOPASSWD:/usr/bin/whoami, \
+ (root) PASSWD:/bin/ls, /sbin/dump
+
+ Additionally, sudo now uses a per-user time stamp directory
+ instead of a time stamp file. This allows tty time stamps to
+ simply be files within the user's time stamp dir. For the
+ default, non-tty case, the time stamp on the directory itself
+ is used.
+
+ Also, the temporary file used by visudo is now /etc/sudoers.tmp
+ since some versions of vipw on systems with shadow passwords use
+ /etc/stmp for the temporary shadow file.
+
+o Upgrading from a version prior to 1.5:
+
+ By default, sudo expects the sudoers file to be mode 0440 and
+ to be owned by user and group 0. This differs from version 1.4
+ and below which expected the sudoers file to be mode 0400 and
+ to be owned by root. Doing a `make install' will set the sudoers
+ file to the new mode and group. If sudo encounters a sudoers
+ file with the old permissions it will attempt to update it to
+ the new scheme. You cannot, however, use a sudoers file with
+ the new permissions with an old sudo binary. It is suggested
+ that if have a means of distributing sudo you distribute the
+ new binaries first, then the new sudoers file (or you can leave
+ sudoers as is and sudo will fix the permissions itself as long
+ as sudoers is on a local file system).
projects / debian / sudo / blobdiff