-<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>TeleMetrum</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.75.2"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="book" title="TeleMetrum"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="id2276207"></a>TeleMetrum</h1></div><div><h2 class="subtitle">Owner's Manual for the TeleMetrum System</h2></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Bdale</span> <span class="surname">Garbee</span></h3></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Keith</span> <span class="surname">Packard</span></h3></div></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2010 Bdale Garbee and Keith Packard</p></div><div><div class="legalnotice" title="Legal Notice"><a name="id2559812"></a><p>
- This document is released under the terms of the
- <a class="ulink" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/" target="_top">
- Creative Commons ShareAlike 3.0
- </a>
- license.
- </p></div></div><div><div class="revhistory"><table border="1" width="100%" summary="Revision history"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" colspan="2"><b>Revision History</b></th></tr><tr><td align="left">Revision 0.3</td><td align="left">12 November 2010</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">
- Add instructions for re-flashing devices using AltosUI
- </td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revision 0.2</td><td align="left">18 July 2010</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Significant update</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revision 0.1</td><td align="left">30 March 2010</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Initial content</td></tr></table></div></div></div><hr></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#id2555013">1. Introduction and Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#id2540100">2. Getting Started</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2559795">FAQ</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#id2546901">3. Specifications</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#id2574755">4. Handling Precautions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#id2547133">5. Hardware Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#id2552998">6. Operation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2556146">Firmware Modes </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2557858">GPS </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2572262">Ground Testing </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2572259">Radio Link </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2542980">Configurable Parameters</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2563251">Radio Channel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2554165">Apogee Delay</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2571971">Main Deployment Altitude</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2550600">Calibration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2574322">Radio Frequency</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2564433">Accelerometer</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#id2554553">7. Updating Device Firmware</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2569887">Updating TeleMetrum Firmware</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2552683">Updating TeleDongle Firmware</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#id2539483">8. Using Altus Metrum Products</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2558109">Being Legal</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2554650">In the Rocket</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2572268">On the Ground</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2569008">Data Analysis</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2563568">Future Plans</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2567979">
- How GPS Works
- </a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 1. Introduction and Overview"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="id2555013"></a>Chapter 1. Introduction and Overview</h2></div></div></div><p>
- Welcome to the Altus Metrum community! Our circuits and software reflect
- our passion for both hobby rocketry and Free Software. We hope their
- capabilities and performance will delight you in every way, but by
- releasing all of our hardware and software designs under open licenses,
- we also hope to empower you to take as active a role in our collective
- future as you wish!
- </p><p>
- The focal point of our community is TeleMetrum, a dual deploy altimeter
- with fully integrated GPS and radio telemetry as standard features, and
- a "companion interface" that will support optional capabilities in the
- future.
- </p><p>
- Complementing TeleMetrum is TeleDongle, a USB to RF interface for
- communicating with TeleMetrum. Combined with your choice of antenna and
- notebook computer, TeleDongle and our associated user interface software
- form a complete ground station capable of logging and displaying in-flight
- telemetry, aiding rocket recovery, then processing and archiving flight
- data for analysis and review.
- </p><p>
- More products will be added to the Altus Metrum family over time, and
- we currently envision that this will be a single, comprehensive manual
- for the entire product family.
- </p></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 2. Getting Started"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="id2540100"></a>Chapter 2. Getting Started</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2559795">FAQ</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>
- This chapter began as "The Mere-Mortals Quick Start/Usage Guide to
- the Altus Metrum Starter Kit" by Bob Finch, W9YA, NAR 12965, TRA 12350,
- w9ya@amsat.org. Bob was one of our first customers for a production
- TeleMetrum, and the enthusiasm that led to his contribution of this
- section is immensely gratifying and highy appreciated!
- </p><p>
- The first thing to do after you check the inventory of parts in your
- "starter kit" is to charge the battery by plugging it into the
- corresponding socket of the TeleMetrum and then using the USB A to B
- cable to plug the Telemetrum into your computer's USB socket. The
- TeleMetrum circuitry will charge the battery whenever it is plugged
- into the usb socket. The TeleMetrum's on-off switch does NOT control
- the charging circuitry. When the GPS chip is initially searching for
- satellites, the unit will pull more current than it can pull from the
- usb port, so the battery must be plugged in order to get a good
- satellite lock. Once GPS is locked the current consumption goes back
- down enough to enable charging while
- running. So it's a good idea to fully charge the battery as your
- first item of business so there is no issue getting and maintaining
- satellite lock. The yellow charge indicator led will go out when the
- battery is nearly full and the charger goes to trickle charge.
- </p><p>
- The other active device in the starter kit is the half-duplex TeleDongle
- rf link. If you plug it in to your computer it should "just work",
- showing up as a serial port device. If you are using Linux and are
- having problems, try moving to a fresher kernel (2.6.33 or newer), as
- there were some ugly USB serial driver bugs in earlier versions.
- </p><p>
- Next you should obtain and install the AltOS utilities. The first
- generation sofware was written for Linux only. New software is coming
- soon that will also run on Windows and Mac. For now, we'll concentrate
- on Linux. If you are using Debian, an 'altos' package already exists,
- see http://altusmetrum.org/AltOS for details on how to install it.
- User-contributed directions for building packages on ArchLinux may be
- found in the contrib/arch-linux directory as PKGBUILD files.
- Between the debian/rules file and the PKGBUILD files in
- contrib, you should find enough information to learn how to build the
- software for any other version of Linux.
- </p><p>
- When you have successfully installed the software suite (either from
- compiled source code or as the pre-built Debian package) you will
- have 10 or so executable programs all of which have names beginning
- with 'ao-'.
- ('ao-view' is the lone GUI-based program, the rest are command-line
- oriented.) You will also have man pages, that give you basic info
- on each program.
- You will also get this documentation in two file types in the doc/
- directory, telemetrum-doc.pdf and telemetrum-doc.html.
- Finally you will have a couple control files that allow the ao-view
- GUI-based program to appear in your menu of programs (under
- the 'Internet' category).
- </p><p>
- Both Telemetrum and TeleDongle can be directly communicated
- with using USB ports. The first thing you should try after getting
- both units plugged into to your computer's usb port(s) is to run
- 'ao-list' from a terminal-window to see what port-device-name each
- device has been assigned by the operating system.
- You will need this information to access the devices via their
- respective on-board firmware and data using other command line
- programs in the AltOS software suite.
- </p><p>
- To access the device's firmware for configuration you need a terminal
- program such as you would use to talk to a modem. The software
- authors prefer using the program 'cu' which comes from the UUCP package
- on most Unix-like systems such as Linux. An example command line for
- cu might be 'cu -l /dev/ttyACM0', substituting the correct number
- indicated from running the
- ao-list program. Another reasonable terminal program for Linux is
- 'cutecom'. The default 'escape'
- character used by CU (i.e. the character you use to
- issue commands to cu itself instead of sending the command as input
- to the connected device) is a '~'. You will need this for use in
- only two different ways during normal operations. First is to exit
- the program by sending a '~.' which is called a 'escape-disconnect'
- and allows you to close-out from 'cu'. The
- second use will be outlined later.
- </p><p>
- Both TeleMetrum and TeleDongle share the concept of a two level
- command set in their firmware.
- The first layer has several single letter commands. Once
- you are using 'cu' (or 'cutecom') sending (typing) a '?'
- returns a full list of these
- commands. The second level are configuration sub-commands accessed
- using the 'c' command, for
- instance typing 'c?' will give you this second level of commands
- (all of which require the
- letter 'c' to access). Please note that most configuration options
- are stored only in DataFlash memory, and only TeleMetrum has this
- memory to save the various values entered like the channel number
- and your callsign when powered off. TeleDongle requires that you
- set these each time you plug it in, which ao-view can help with.
- </p><p>
- Try setting these config ('c' or second level menu) values. A good
- place to start is by setting your call sign. By default, the boards
- use 'N0CALL' which is cute, but not exactly legal!
- Spend a few minutes getting comfortable with the units, their
- firmware, and 'cu' (or possibly 'cutecom').
- For instance, try to send
- (type) a 'c r 2' and verify the channel change by sending a 'c s'.
- Verify you can connect and disconnect from the units while in your
- terminal program by sending the escape-disconnect mentioned above.
- </p><p>
- Note that the 'reboot' command, which is very useful on TeleMetrum,
- will likely just cause problems with the dongle. The *correct* way
- to reset the dongle is just to unplug and re-plug it.
- </p><p>
- A fun thing to do at the launch site and something you can do while
- learning how to use these units is to play with the rf-link access
- of the TeleMetrum from the TeleDongle. Be aware that you *must* create
- some physical separation between the devices, otherwise the link will
- not function due to signal overload in the receivers in each device.
- </p><p>
- Now might be a good time to take a break and read the rest of this
- manual, particularly about the two "modes" that the TeleMetrum
- can be placed in and how the position of the TeleMetrum when booting
- up will determine whether the unit is in "pad" or "idle" mode.
- </p><p>
- You can access a TeleMetrum in idle mode from the Teledongle's USB
- connection using the rf link
- by issuing a 'p' command to the TeleDongle. Practice connecting and
- disconnecting ('~~' while using 'cu') from the TeleMetrum. If
- you cannot escape out of the "p" command, (by using a '~~' when in
- CU) then it is likely that your kernel has issues. Try a newer version.
- </p><p>
- Using this rf link allows you to configure the TeleMetrum, test
- fire e-matches and igniters from the flight line, check pyro-match
- continuity and so forth. You can leave the unit turned on while it
- is in 'idle mode' and then place the
- rocket vertically on the launch pad, walk away and then issue a
- reboot command. The TeleMetrum will reboot and start sending data
- having changed to the "pad" mode. If the TeleDongle is not receiving
- this data, you can disconnect 'cu' from the Teledongle using the
- procedures mentioned above and THEN connect to the TeleDongle from
- inside 'ao-view'. If this doesn't work, disconnect from the
- TeleDongle, unplug it, and try again after plugging it back in.
- </p><p>
- Eventually the GPS will find enough satellites, lock in on them,
- and 'ao-view' will both auditorially announce and visually indicate
- that GPS is ready.
- Now you can launch knowing that you have a good data path and
- good satellite lock for flight data and recovery. Remember
- you MUST tell ao-view to connect to the TeleDongle explicitly in
- order for ao-view to be able to receive data.
- </p><p>
- Both RDF (radio direction finding) tones from the TeleMetrum and
- GPS trekking data are available and together are very useful in
- locating the rocket once it has landed. (The last good GPS data
- received before touch-down will be on the data screen of 'ao-view'.)
- </p><p>
- Once you have recovered the rocket you can download the eeprom
- contents using either 'ao-dumplog' (or possibly 'ao-eeprom'), over
- either a USB cable or over the radio link using TeleDongle.
- And by following the man page for 'ao-postflight' you can create
- various data output reports, graphs, and even kml data to see the
- flight trajectory in google-earth. (Moving the viewing angle making
- sure to connect the yellow lines while in google-earth is the proper
- technique.)
- </p><p>
- As for ao-view.... some things are in the menu but don't do anything
- very useful. The developers have stopped working on ao-view to focus
- on a new, cross-platform ground station program. So ao-view may or
- may not be updated in the future. Mostly you just use
- the Log and Device menus. It has a wonderful display of the incoming
- flight data and I am sure you will enjoy what it has to say to you
- once you enable the voice output!
- </p><div class="section" title="FAQ"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2559795"></a>FAQ</h2></div></div></div><p>
- The altimeter (TeleMetrum) seems to shut off when disconnected from the
- computer. Make sure the battery is adequately charged. Remember the
- unit will pull more power than the USB port can deliver before the
- GPS enters "locked" mode. The battery charges best when TeleMetrum
- is turned off.
- </p><p>
- It's impossible to stop the TeleDongle when it's in "p" mode, I have
- to unplug the USB cable? Make sure you have tried to "escape out" of
- this mode. If this doesn't work the reboot procedure for the
- TeleDongle *is* to simply unplug it. 'cu' however will retain it's
- outgoing buffer IF your "escape out" ('~~') does not work.
- At this point using either 'ao-view' (or possibly
- 'cutemon') instead of 'cu' will 'clear' the issue and allow renewed
- communication.
- </p><p>
- The amber LED (on the TeleMetrum/altimeter) lights up when both
- battery and USB are connected. Does this mean it's charging?
- Yes, the yellow LED indicates the charging at the 'regular' rate.
- If the led is out but the unit is still plugged into a USB port,
- then the battery is being charged at a 'trickle' rate.
- </p><p>
- There are no "dit-dah-dah-dit" sound like the manual mentions?
- That's the "pad" mode. Weak batteries might be the problem.
- It is also possible that the unit is horizontal and the output
- is instead a "dit-dit" meaning 'idle'.
- </p><p>
- It's unclear how to use 'ao-view' and other programs when 'cu'
- is running. You cannot have more than one program connected to
- the TeleDongle at one time without apparent data loss as the
- incoming data will not make it to both programs intact.
- Disconnect whatever programs aren't currently being used.
- </p><p>
- How do I save flight data?
- Live telemetry is written to file(s) whenever 'ao-view' is connected
- to the TeleDongle. The file area defaults to ~/altos
- but is easily changed using the menus in 'ao-view'. The files that
- are written end in '.telem'. The after-flight
- data-dumped files will end in .eeprom and represent continuous data
- unlike the rf-linked .telem files that are subject to the
- turnarounds/data-packaging time slots in the half-duplex rf data path.
- See the above instructions on what and how to save the eeprom stored
- data after physically retrieving your TeleMetrum. Make sure to save
- the on-board data after each flight, as the current firmware will
- over-write any previous flight data during a new flight.
- </p></div></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 3. Specifications"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="id2546901"></a>Chapter 3. Specifications</h2></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>
- Recording altimeter for model rocketry.
- </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
- Supports dual deployment (can fire 2 ejection charges).
- </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
- 70cm ham-band transceiver for telemetry downlink.
- </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
- Barometric pressure sensor good to 45k feet MSL.
- </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
- 1-axis high-g accelerometer for motor characterization, capable of
- +/- 50g using default part.
- </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
- On-board, integrated GPS receiver with 5hz update rate capability.
- </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
- On-board 1 megabyte non-volatile memory for flight data storage.
- </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
- USB interface for battery charging, configuration, and data recovery.
- </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
- Fully integrated support for LiPo rechargeable batteries.
- </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
- Uses LiPo to fire e-matches, support for optional separate pyro
- battery if needed.
- </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
- 2.75 x 1 inch board designed to fit inside 29mm airframe coupler tube.
- </p></li></ul></div></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 4. Handling Precautions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="id2574755"></a>Chapter 4. Handling Precautions</h2></div></div></div><p>
- TeleMetrum is a sophisticated electronic device. When handled gently and
- properly installed in an airframe, it will deliver impressive results.
- However, like all electronic devices, there are some precautions you
- must take.
- </p><p>
- The Lithium Polymer rechargeable batteries used with TeleMetrum have an
- extraordinary power density. This is great because we can fly with
- much less battery mass than if we used alkaline batteries or previous
- generation rechargeable batteries... but if they are punctured
- or their leads are allowed to short, they can and will release their
- energy very rapidly!
- Thus we recommend that you take some care when handling our batteries
- and consider giving them some extra protection in your airframe. We
- often wrap them in suitable scraps of closed-cell packing foam before
- strapping them down, for example.
- </p><p>
- The TeleMetrum barometric sensor is sensitive to sunlight. In normal
- mounting situations, it and all of the other surface mount components
- are "down" towards whatever the underlying mounting surface is, so
- this is not normally a problem. Please consider this, though, when
- designing an installation, for example, in a 29mm airframe with a
- see-through plastic payload bay.
- </p><p>
- The TeleMetrum barometric sensor sampling port must be able to
- "breathe",
- both by not being covered by foam or tape or other materials that might
- directly block the hole on the top of the sensor, but also by having a
- suitable static vent to outside air.
- </p><p>
- As with all other rocketry electronics, TeleMetrum must be protected
- from exposure to corrosive motor exhaust and ejection charge gasses.
- </p></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 5. Hardware Overview"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="id2547133"></a>Chapter 5. Hardware Overview</h2></div></div></div><p>
- TeleMetrum is a 1 inch by 2.75 inch circuit board. It was designed to
- fit inside coupler for 29mm airframe tubing, but using it in a tube that
- small in diameter may require some creativity in mounting and wiring
- to succeed! The default 1/4
- wave UHF wire antenna attached to the center of the nose-cone end of
- the board is about 7 inches long, and wiring for a power switch and
- the e-matches for apogee and main ejection charges depart from the
- fin can end of the board. Given all this, an ideal "simple" avionics
- bay for TeleMetrum should have at least 10 inches of interior length.
- </p><p>
- A typical TeleMetrum installation using the on-board GPS antenna and
- default wire UHF antenna involves attaching only a suitable
- Lithium Polymer battery, a single pole switch for power on/off, and
- two pairs of wires connecting e-matches for the apogee and main ejection
- charges.
- </p><p>
- By default, we use the unregulated output of the LiPo battery directly
- to fire ejection charges. This works marvelously with standard
- low-current e-matches like the J-Tek from MJG Technologies, and with
- Quest Q2G2 igniters. However, if you
- want or need to use a separate pyro battery, you can do so by adding
- a second 2mm connector to position B2 on the board and cutting the
- thick pcb trace connecting the LiPo battery to the pyro circuit between
- the two silk screen marks on the surface mount side of the board shown
- here [insert photo]
- </p><p>
- We offer two choices of pyro and power switch connector, or you can
- choose neither and solder wires directly to the board. All three choices
- are reasonable depending on the constraints of your airframe. Our
- favorite option when there is sufficient room above the board is to use
- the Tyco pin header with polarization and locking. If you choose this
- option, you crimp individual wires for the power switch and e-matches
- into a mating connector, and installing and removing the TeleMetrum
- board from an airframe is as easy as plugging or unplugging two
- connectors. If the airframe will not support this much height or if
- you want to be able to directly attach e-match leads to the board, we
- offer a screw terminal block. This is very similar to what most other
- altimeter vendors provide and so may be the most familiar option.
- You'll need a very small straight blade screwdriver to connect
- and disconnect the board in this case, such as you might find in a
- jeweler's screwdriver set. Finally, you can forego both options and
- solder wires directly to the board, which may be the best choice for
- minimum diameter and/or minimum mass designs.
- </p><p>
- For most airframes, the integrated GPS antenna and wire UHF antenna are
- a great combination. However, if you are installing in a carbon-fiber
- electronics bay which is opaque to RF signals, you may need to use
- off-board external antennas instead. In this case, you can order
- TeleMetrum with an SMA connector for the UHF antenna connection, and
- you can unplug the integrated GPS antenna and select an appropriate
- off-board GPS antenna with cable terminating in a U.FL connector.
- </p></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 6. Operation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="id2552998"></a>Chapter 6. Operation</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2556146">Firmware Modes </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2557858">GPS </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2572262">Ground Testing </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2572259">Radio Link </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2542980">Configurable Parameters</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2563251">Radio Channel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2554165">Apogee Delay</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2571971">Main Deployment Altitude</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2550600">Calibration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2574322">Radio Frequency</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2564433">Accelerometer</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="section" title="Firmware Modes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2556146"></a>Firmware Modes </h2></div></div></div><p>
- The AltOS firmware build for TeleMetrum has two fundamental modes,
- "idle" and "flight". Which of these modes the firmware operates in
- is determined by the orientation of the rocket (well, actually the
- board, of course...) at the time power is switched on. If the rocket
- is "nose up", then TeleMetrum assumes it's on a rail or rod being
- prepared for launch, so the firmware chooses flight mode. However,
- if the rocket is more or less horizontal, the firmware instead enters
- idle mode.
- </p><p>
- At power on, you will hear three beeps
- ("S" in Morse code for startup) and then a pause while
- TeleMetrum completes initialization and self tests, and decides which
- mode to enter next.
- </p><p>
- In flight or "pad" mode, TeleMetrum turns on the GPS system,
- engages the flight
- state machine, goes into transmit-only mode on the RF link sending
- telemetry, and waits for launch to be detected. Flight mode is
- indicated by an audible "di-dah-dah-dit" ("P" for pad) on the
- beeper, followed by
- beeps indicating the state of the pyrotechnic igniter continuity.
- One beep indicates apogee continuity, two beeps indicate
- main continuity, three beeps indicate both apogee and main continuity,
- and one longer "brap" sound indicates no continuity. For a dual
- deploy flight, make sure you're getting three beeps before launching!
- For apogee-only or motor eject flights, do what makes sense.
- </p><p>
- In idle mode, you will hear an audible "di-dit" ("I" for idle), and
- the normal flight state machine is disengaged, thus
- no ejection charges will fire. TeleMetrum also listens on the RF
- link when in idle mode for packet mode requests sent from TeleDongle.
- Commands can be issued to a TeleMetrum in idle mode over either
- USB or the RF link equivalently.
- Idle mode is useful for configuring TeleMetrum, for extracting data
- from the on-board storage chip after flight, and for ground testing
- pyro charges.
- </p><p>
- One "neat trick" of particular value when TeleMetrum is used with very
- large airframes, is that you can power the board up while the rocket
- is horizontal, such that it comes up in idle mode. Then you can
- raise the airframe to launch position, use a TeleDongle to open
- a packet connection, and issue a 'reset' command which will cause
- TeleMetrum to reboot, realize it's now nose-up, and thus choose
- flight mode. This is much safer than standing on the top step of a
- rickety step-ladder or hanging off the side of a launch tower with
- a screw-driver trying to turn on your avionics before installing
- igniters!
- </p></div><div class="section" title="GPS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2557858"></a>GPS </h2></div></div></div><p>
- TeleMetrum includes a complete GPS receiver. See a later section for
- a brief explanation of how GPS works that will help you understand
- the information in the telemetry stream. The bottom line is that
- the TeleMetrum GPS receiver needs to lock onto at least four
- satellites to obtain a solid 3 dimensional position fix and know
- what time it is!
- </p><p>
- TeleMetrum provides backup power to the GPS chip any time a LiPo
- battery is connected. This allows the receiver to "warm start" on
- the launch rail much faster than if every power-on were a "cold start"
- for the GPS receiver. In typical operations, powering up TeleMetrum
- on the flight line in idle mode while performing final airframe
- preparation will be sufficient to allow the GPS receiver to cold
- start and acquire lock. Then the board can be powered down during
- RSO review and installation on a launch rod or rail. When the board
- is turned back on, the GPS system should lock very quickly, typically
- long before igniter installation and return to the flight line are
- complete.
- </p></div><div class="section" title="Ground Testing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2572262"></a>Ground Testing </h2></div></div></div><p>
- An important aspect of preparing a rocket using electronic deployment
- for flight is ground testing the recovery system. Thanks
- to the bi-directional RF link central to the Altus Metrum system,
- this can be accomplished in a TeleMetrum-equipped rocket without as
- much work as you may be accustomed to with other systems. It can
- even be fun!
- </p><p>
- Just prep the rocket for flight, then power up TeleMetrum while the
- airframe is horizontal. This will cause the firmware to go into
- "idle" mode, in which the normal flight state machine is disabled and
- charges will not fire without manual command. Then, establish an
- RF packet connection from a TeleDongle-equipped computer using the
- P command from a safe distance. You can now command TeleMetrum to
- fire the apogee or main charges to complete your testing.
- </p><p>
- In order to reduce the chance of accidental firing of pyrotechnic
- charges, the command to fire a charge is intentionally somewhat
- difficult to type, and the built-in help is slightly cryptic to
- prevent accidental echoing of characters from the help text back at
- the board from firing a charge. The command to fire the apogee
- drogue charge is 'i DoIt drogue' and the command to fire the main
- charge is 'i DoIt main'.
- </p></div><div class="section" title="Radio Link"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2572259"></a>Radio Link </h2></div></div></div><p>
- The chip our boards are based on incorporates an RF transceiver, but
- it's not a full duplex system... each end can only be transmitting or
- receiving at any given moment. So we had to decide how to manage the
- link.
- </p><p>
- By design, TeleMetrum firmware listens for an RF connection when
- it's in "idle mode" (turned on while the rocket is horizontal), which
- allows us to use the RF link to configure the rocket, do things like
- ejection tests, and extract data after a flight without having to
- crack open the airframe. However, when the board is in "flight
- mode" (turned on when the rocket is vertical) the TeleMetrum only
- transmits and doesn't listen at all. That's because we want to put
- ultimate priority on event detection and getting telemetry out of
- the rocket and out over
- the RF link in case the rocket crashes and we aren't able to extract
- data later...
- </p><p>
- We don't use a 'normal packet radio' mode because they're just too
- inefficient. The GFSK modulation we use is just FSK with the
- baseband pulses passed through a
- Gaussian filter before they go into the modulator to limit the
- transmitted bandwidth. When combined with the hardware forward error
- correction support in the cc1111 chip, this allows us to have a very
- robust 38.4 kilobit data link with only 10 milliwatts of transmit power,
- a whip antenna in the rocket, and a hand-held Yagi on the ground. We've
- had flights to above 21k feet AGL with good reception, and calculations
- suggest we should be good to well over 40k feet AGL with a 5-element yagi on
- the ground. We hope to fly boards to higher altitudes soon, and would
- of course appreciate customer feedback on performance in higher
- altitude flights!
- </p></div><div class="section" title="Configurable Parameters"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2542980"></a>Configurable Parameters</h2></div></div></div><p>
- Configuring a TeleMetrum board for flight is very simple. Because we
- have both acceleration and pressure sensors, there is no need to set
- a "mach delay", for example. The few configurable parameters can all
- be set using a simple terminal program over the USB port or RF link
- via TeleDongle.
- </p><div class="section" title="Radio Channel"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2563251"></a>Radio Channel</h3></div></div></div><p>
- Our firmware supports 10 channels. The default channel 0 corresponds
- to a center frequency of 434.550 Mhz, and channels are spaced every
- 100 khz. Thus, channel 1 is 434.650 Mhz, and channel 9 is 435.550 Mhz.
- At any given launch, we highly recommend coordinating who will use
- each channel and when to avoid interference. And of course, both
- TeleMetrum and TeleDongle must be configured to the same channel to
- successfully communicate with each other.
- </p><p>
- To set the radio channel, use the 'c r' command, like 'c r 3' to set
- channel 3.
- As with all 'c' sub-commands, follow this with a 'c w' to write the
- change to the parameter block in the on-board DataFlash chip on
- your TeleMetrum board if you want the change to stay in place across reboots.
- </p></div><div class="section" title="Apogee Delay"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2554165"></a>Apogee Delay</h3></div></div></div><p>
- Apogee delay is the number of seconds after TeleMetrum detects flight
- apogee that the drogue charge should be fired. In most cases, this
- should be left at the default of 0. However, if you are flying
- redundant electronics such as for an L3 certification, you may wish
- to set one of your altimeters to a positive delay so that both
- primary and backup pyrotechnic charges do not fire simultaneously.
- </p><p>
- To set the apogee delay, use the [FIXME] command.
- As with all 'c' sub-commands, follow this with a 'c w' to write the
- change to the parameter block in the on-board DataFlash chip.
- </p><p>
- Please note that the TeleMetrum apogee detection algorithm always
- fires a fraction of a second *after* apogee. If you are also flying
- an altimeter like the PerfectFlite MAWD, which only supports selecting
- 0 or 1 seconds of apogee delay, you may wish to set the MAWD to 0
- seconds delay and set the TeleMetrum to fire your backup 2 or 3
- seconds later to avoid any chance of both charges firing
- simultaneously. We've flown several airframes this way quite happily,
- including Keith's successful L3 cert.
- </p></div><div class="section" title="Main Deployment Altitude"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2571971"></a>Main Deployment Altitude</h3></div></div></div><p>
- By default, TeleMetrum will fire the main deployment charge at an
- elevation of 250 meters (about 820 feet) above ground. We think this
- is a good elevation for most airframes, but feel free to change this
- to suit. In particular, if you are flying two altimeters, you may
- wish to set the
- deployment elevation for the backup altimeter to be something lower
- than the primary so that both pyrotechnic charges don't fire
- simultaneously.
- </p><p>
- To set the main deployment altitude, use the [FIXME] command.
- As with all 'c' sub-commands, follow this with a 'c w' to write the
- change to the parameter block in the on-board DataFlash chip.
- </p></div></div><div class="section" title="Calibration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2550600"></a>Calibration</h2></div></div></div><p>
- There are only two calibrations required for a TeleMetrum board, and
- only one for TeleDongle.
- </p><div class="section" title="Radio Frequency"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2574322"></a>Radio Frequency</h3></div></div></div><p>
- The radio frequency is synthesized from a clock based on the 48 Mhz
- crystal on the board. The actual frequency of this oscillator must be
- measured to generate a calibration constant. While our GFSK modulation
- bandwidth is wide enough to allow boards to communicate even when
- their oscillators are not on exactly the same frequency, performance
- is best when they are closely matched.
- Radio frequency calibration requires a calibrated frequency counter.
- Fortunately, once set, the variation in frequency due to aging and
- temperature changes is small enough that re-calibration by customers
- should generally not be required.
- </p><p>
- To calibrate the radio frequency, connect the UHF antenna port to a
- frequency counter, set the board to channel 0, and use the 'C'
- command to generate a CW carrier. Wait for the transmitter temperature
- to stabilize and the frequency to settle down.
- Then, divide 434.550 Mhz by the
- measured frequency and multiply by the current radio cal value show
- in the 'c s' command. For an unprogrammed board, the default value
- is 1186611. Take the resulting integer and program it using the 'c f'
- command. Testing with the 'C' command again should show a carrier
- within a few tens of Hertz of the intended frequency.
- As with all 'c' sub-commands, follow this with a 'c w' to write the
- change to the parameter block in the on-board DataFlash chip.
- </p></div><div class="section" title="Accelerometer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2564433"></a>Accelerometer</h3></div></div></div><p>
- The accelerometer we use has its own 5 volt power supply and
- the output must be passed through a resistive voltage divider to match
- the input of our 3.3 volt ADC. This means that unlike the barometric
- sensor, the output of the acceleration sensor is not ratiometric to
- the ADC converter, and calibration is required. We also support the
- use of any of several accelerometers from a Freescale family that
- includes at least +/- 40g, 50g, 100g, and 200g parts. Using gravity,
- a simple 2-point calibration yields acceptable results capturing both
- the different sensitivities and ranges of the different accelerometer
- parts and any variation in power supply voltages or resistor values
- in the divider network.
- </p><p>
- To calibrate the acceleration sensor, use the 'c a 0' command. You
- will be prompted to orient the board vertically with the UHF antenna
- up and press a key, then to orient the board vertically with the
- UHF antenna down and press a key.
- As with all 'c' sub-commands, follow this with a 'c w' to write the
- change to the parameter block in the on-board DataFlash chip.
- </p><p>
- The +1g and -1g calibration points are included in each telemetry
- frame and are part of the header extracted by ao-dumplog after flight.
- Note that we always store and return raw ADC samples for each
- sensor... nothing is permanently "lost" or "damaged" if the
- calibration is poor.
- </p></div></div></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 7. Updating Device Firmware"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="id2554553"></a>Chapter 7. Updating Device Firmware</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2569887">Updating TeleMetrum Firmware</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2552683">Updating TeleDongle Firmware</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>
- The big conceptual thing to realize is that you have to use a
- TeleDongle as a programmer to update a TeleMetrum, and vice versa.
- Due to limited memory resources in the cc1111, we don't support
- programming either unit directly over USB.
- </p><p>
- You may wish to begin by ensuring you have current firmware images.
- These are distributed as part of the AltOS software bundle that
- also includes the AltosUI ground station program. Newer ground
- station versions typically work fine with older firmware versions,
- so you don't need to update your devices just to try out new
- software features. You can always download the most recent
- version from http://www.altusmetrum.org/AltOS/.
- </p><p>
- We recommend updating TeleMetrum first, before updating TeleDongle.
- </p><div class="section" title="Updating TeleMetrum Firmware"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2569887"></a>Updating TeleMetrum Firmware</h2></div></div></div><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem">
- Find the 'programming cable' that you got as part of the starter
- kit, that has a red 8-pin MicroMaTch connector on one end and a
- red 4-pin MicroMaTch connector on the other end.
- </li><li class="listitem">
- Take the 2 screws out of the TeleDongle case to get access
- to the circuit board.
- </li><li class="listitem">
- Plug the 8-pin end of the programming cable to the
- matching connector on the TeleDongle, and the 4-pin end to the
- matching connector on the TeleMetrum.
- </li><li class="listitem">
- Attach a battery to the TeleMetrum board.
- </li><li class="listitem">
- Plug the TeleDongle into your computer's USB port, and power
- up the TeleMetrum.
- </li><li class="listitem">
- Run AltosUI, and select 'Flash Image' from the File menu.
- </li><li class="listitem">
- Pick the TeleDongle device from the list, identifying it as the
- programming device.
- </li><li class="listitem">
- Select the image you want put on the TeleMetrum, which should have a
- name in the form telemetrum-v1.0-0.7.1.ihx. It should be visible
- in the default directory, if not you may have to poke around
- your system to find it.
- </li><li class="listitem">
- Make sure the configuration parameters are reasonable
- looking. If the serial number and/or RF configuration
- values aren't right, you'll need to change them.
- </li><li class="listitem">
- Hit the 'OK' button and the software should proceed to flash
- the TeleMetrum with new firmware, showing a progress bar.
- </li><li class="listitem">
- Confirm that the TeleMetrum board seems to have updated ok, which you
- can do by plugging in to it over USB and using a terminal program
- to connect to the board and issue the 'v' command to check
- the version, etc.
- </li><li class="listitem">
- If something goes wrong, give it another try.
- </li></ol></div></div><div class="section" title="Updating TeleDongle Firmware"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2552683"></a>Updating TeleDongle Firmware</h2></div></div></div><p>
- Updating TeleDongle's firmware is just like updating TeleMetrum
- firmware, but you switch which board is the programmer and which
- is the programming target.
- </p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem">
- Find the 'programming cable' that you got as part of the starter
- kit, that has a red 8-pin MicroMaTch connector on one end and a
- red 4-pin MicroMaTch connector on the other end.
- </li><li class="listitem">
- Find the USB cable that you got as part of the starter kit, and
- plug the "mini" end in to the mating connector on TeleMetrum.
- </li><li class="listitem">
- Take the 2 screws out of the TeleDongle case to get access
- to the circuit board.
- </li><li class="listitem">
- Plug the 8-pin end of the programming cable to the (latching)
- matching connector on the TeleMetrum, and the 4-pin end to the
- matching connector on the TeleDongle.
- </li><li class="listitem">
- Attach a battery to the TeleMetrum board.
- </li><li class="listitem">
- Plug both TeleMetrum and TeleDongle into your computer's USB
- ports, and power up the TeleMetrum.
- </li><li class="listitem">
- Run AltosUI, and select 'Flash Image' from the File menu.
- </li><li class="listitem">
- Pick the TeleMongle device from the list, identifying it as the
- programming device.
- </li><li class="listitem">
- Select the image you want put on the TeleDongle, which should have a
- name in the form teledongle-v0.2-0.7.1.ihx. It should be visible
- in the default directory, if not you may have to poke around
- your system to find it.
- </li><li class="listitem">
- Make sure the configuration parameters are reasonable
- looking. If the serial number and/or RF configuration
- values aren't right, you'll need to change them. The TeleDongle
- serial number is on the "bottom" of the circuit board, and can
- usually be read through the translucent blue plastic case without
- needing to remove the board from the case.
- </li><li class="listitem">
- Hit the 'OK' button and the software should proceed to flash
- the TeleDongle with new firmware, showing a progress bar.
- </li><li class="listitem">
- Confirm that the TeleDongle board seems to have updated ok, which you
- can do by plugging in to it over USB and using a terminal program
- to connect to the board and issue the 'v' command to check
- the version, etc. Once you're happy, remove the programming cable
- and put the cover back on the TeleDongle.
- </li><li class="listitem">
- If something goes wrong, give it another try.
- </li></ol></div><p>
- Be careful removing the programming cable from the locking 8-pin
- connector on TeleMetrum. You'll need a fingernail or perhaps a thin
- screwdriver or knife blade to gently pry the locking ears out
- slightly to extract the connector. We used a locking connector on
- TeleMetrum to help ensure that the cabling to companion boards
- used in a rocket don't ever come loose accidentally in flight.
- </p></div></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 8. Using Altus Metrum Products"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="id2539483"></a>Chapter 8. Using Altus Metrum Products</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2558109">Being Legal</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2554650">In the Rocket</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2572268">On the Ground</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2569008">Data Analysis</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2563568">Future Plans</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id2567979">
- How GPS Works
- </a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="section" title="Being Legal"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2558109"></a>Being Legal</h2></div></div></div><p>
- First off, in the US, you need an [amateur radio license](../Radio) or
- other authorization to legally operate the radio transmitters that are part
- of our products.
- </p><div class="section" title="In the Rocket"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2554650"></a>In the Rocket</h3></div></div></div><p>
- In the rocket itself, you just need a [TeleMetrum](../TeleMetrum) board and
- a LiPo rechargeable battery. An 860mAh battery weighs less than a 9V
- alkaline battery, and will run a [TeleMetrum](../TeleMetrum) for hours.
- </p><p>
- By default, we ship TeleMetrum with a simple wire antenna. If your
- electronics bay or the airframe it resides within is made of carbon fiber,
- which is opaque to RF signals, you may choose to have an SMA connector
- installed so that you can run a coaxial cable to an antenna mounted
- elsewhere in the rocket.
- </p></div><div class="section" title="On the Ground"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2572268"></a>On the Ground</h3></div></div></div><p>
- To receive the data stream from the rocket, you need an antenna and short
- feedline connected to one of our [TeleDongle](../TeleDongle) units. The
- TeleDongle in turn plugs directly into the USB port on a notebook
- computer. Because TeleDongle looks like a simple serial port, your computer
- does not require special device drivers... just plug it in.
- </p><p>
- Right now, all of our application software is written for Linux. However,
- because we understand that many people run Windows or MacOS, we are working
- on a new ground station program written in Java that should work on all
- operating systems.
- </p><p>
- After the flight, you can use the RF link to extract the more detailed data
- logged in the rocket, or you can use a mini USB cable to plug into the
- TeleMetrum board directly. Pulling out the data without having to open up
- the rocket is pretty cool! A USB cable is also how you charge the LiPo
- battery, so you'll want one of those anyway... the same cable used by lots
- of digital cameras and other modern electronic stuff will work fine.
- </p><p>
- If your rocket lands out of sight, you may enjoy having a hand-held GPS
- receiver, so that you can put in a waypoint for the last reported rocket
- position before touch-down. This makes looking for your rocket a lot like
- Geo-Cacheing... just go to the waypoint and look around starting from there.
- </p><p>
- You may also enjoy having a ham radio "HT" that covers the 70cm band... you
- can use that with your antenna to direction-find the rocket on the ground
- the same way you can use a Walston or Beeline tracker. This can be handy
- if the rocket is hiding in sage brush or a tree, or if the last GPS position
- doesn't get you close enough because the rocket dropped into a canyon, or
- the wind is blowing it across a dry lake bed, or something like that... Keith
- and Bdale both currently own and use the Yaesu VX-7R at launches.
- </p><p>
- So, to recap, on the ground the hardware you'll need includes:
- </p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem">
- an antenna and feedline
- </li><li class="listitem">
- a TeleDongle
- </li><li class="listitem">
- a notebook computer
- </li><li class="listitem">
- optionally, a handheld GPS receiver
- </li><li class="listitem">
- optionally, an HT or receiver covering 435 Mhz
- </li></ol></div><p>
- </p><p>
- The best hand-held commercial directional antennas we've found for radio
- direction finding rockets are from
- <a class="ulink" href="http://www.arrowantennas.com/" target="_top">
- Arrow Antennas.
- </a>
- The 440-3 and 440-5 are both good choices for finding a
- TeleMetrum-equipped rocket when used with a suitable 70cm HT.
- </p></div><div class="section" title="Data Analysis"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2569008"></a>Data Analysis</h3></div></div></div><p>
- Our software makes it easy to log the data from each flight, both the
- telemetry received over the RF link during the flight itself, and the more
- complete data log recorded in the DataFlash memory on the TeleMetrum
- board. Once this data is on your computer, our postflight tools make it
- easy to quickly get to the numbers everyone wants, like apogee altitude,
- max acceleration, and max velocity. You can also generate and view a
- standard set of plots showing the altitude, acceleration, and
- velocity of the rocket during flight. And you can even export a data file
- useable with Google Maps and Google Earth for visualizing the flight path
- in two or three dimensions!
- </p><p>
- Our ultimate goal is to emit a set of files for each flight that can be
- published as a web page per flight, or just viewed on your local disk with
- a web browser.
- </p></div><div class="section" title="Future Plans"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2563568"></a>Future Plans</h3></div></div></div><p>
- In the future, we intend to offer "companion boards" for the rocket that will
- plug in to TeleMetrum to collect additional data, provide more pyro channels,
- and so forth. A reference design for a companion board will be documented
- soon, and will be compatible with open source Arduino programming tools.
- </p><p>
- We are also working on the design of a hand-held ground terminal that will
- allow monitoring the rocket's status, collecting data during flight, and
- logging data after flight without the need for a notebook computer on the
- flight line. Particularly since it is so difficult to read most notebook
- screens in direct sunlight, we think this will be a great thing to have.
- </p><p>
- Because all of our work is open, both the hardware designs and the software,
- if you have some great idea for an addition to the current Altus Metrum family,
- feel free to dive in and help! Or let us know what you'd like to see that
- we aren't already working on, and maybe we'll get excited about it too...
- </p></div></div><div class="section" title="How GPS Works"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2567979"></a>
- How GPS Works
- </h2></div></div></div><p>
- Placeholder.
- </p></div></div></div></body></html>
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>The Altus Metrum System</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="am.css" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1" /></head><body><div xml:lang="en" class="book" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="idm45058136831984"></a>The Altus Metrum System</h1></div><div><h2 class="subtitle">An Owner's Manual for Altus Metrum Rocketry Electronics</h2></div><div><h3 class="corpauthor">
+ <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="altusmetrum-oneline.svg" width="360" /></span>
+</h3></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Bdale</span> <span class="surname">Garbee</span></h3><code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:bdale@gag.com">bdale@gag.com</a>></code></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Keith</span> <span class="surname">Packard</span></h3><code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:keithp@keithp.com">keithp@keithp.com</a>></code></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Bob</span> <span class="surname">Finch</span></h3></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Anthony</span> <span class="surname">Towns</span></h3></div></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2016 Bdale Garbee and Keith Packard</p></div><div><div class="legalnotice"><a id="idm45058136014592"></a><p>
+ This document is released under the terms of the
+ <a class="ulink" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/" target="_top">
+ Creative Commons ShareAlike 3.0
+ </a>
+ license.
+ </p></div></div><div><a href="altusmetrum-revhistory.html">Revision History</a></div></div><hr /></div><div class="dedication"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="_acknowledgments"></a>Acknowledgments</h1></div></div></div><p>Thanks to Bob Finch, W9YA, NAR 12965, TRA 12350 for writing “The
+Mere-Mortals Quick Start/Usage Guide to the Altus Metrum Starter
+Kit” which formed the basis of the original Getting Started chapter
+in this manual. Bob was one of our first customers for a production
+TeleMetrum, and his continued enthusiasm and contributions
+are immensely gratifying and highly appreciated!</p><p>And thanks to Anthony (AJ) Towns for major contributions including
+the AltosUI graphing and site map code and associated documentation.
+Free software means that our customers and friends can become our
+collaborators, and we certainly appreciate this level of
+contribution!</p><p>Have fun using these products, and we hope to meet all of you
+out on the rocket flight line somewhere.</p><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><div class="literallayout"><p>Bdale Garbee, KB0G<br />
+NAR #87103, TRA #12201</p></div></blockquote></div><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><div class="literallayout"><p>Keith Packard, KD7SQG<br />
+NAR #88757, TRA #12200</p></div></blockquote></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#_introduction_and_overview">1. Introduction and Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#_getting_started">2. Getting Started</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_batteries">2.1. Batteries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_ground_station_hardware">2.2. Ground Station Hardware</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_linux_mac_windows_ground_station_software">2.3. Linux/Mac/Windows Ground Station Software</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_android_ground_station_software">2.4. Android Ground Station Software</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#_using_altus_metrum_hardware">3. Using Altus Metrum Hardware</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_wiring_and_electrical_interference">3.1. Wiring and Electrical Interference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_hooking_up_lithium_polymer_batteries">3.2. Hooking Up Lithium Polymer Batteries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_hooking_up_pyro_charges">3.3. Hooking Up Pyro Charges</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_hooking_up_a_power_switch">3.4. Hooking Up a Power Switch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_understanding_beeps">3.5. Understanding Beeps</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_turning_on_the_power">3.6. Turning On the Power</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_using_an_external_active_switch_circuit">3.7. Using an External Active Switch Circuit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_using_a_separate_pyro_battery">3.8. Using a Separate Pyro Battery</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_using_a_different_kind_of_battery">3.9. Using a Different Kind of Battery</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#_telemetrum">4. TeleMetrum</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_telemetrum_screw_terminals">4.1. TeleMetrum Screw Terminals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_using_a_separate_pyro_battery_with_telemetrum">4.2. Using a Separate Pyro Battery with TeleMetrum</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_using_an_active_switch_with_telemetrum">4.3. Using an Active Switch with TeleMetrum</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#_telemini_v1_0">5. TeleMini v1.0</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_telemini_v1_0_screw_terminals">5.1. TeleMini v1.0 Screw Terminals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_using_a_separate_pyro_battery_with_telemini_v1_0">5.2. Using a Separate Pyro Battery with TeleMini v1.0</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_using_an_active_switch_with_telemini_v1_0">5.3. Using an Active Switch with TeleMini v1.0</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#_easymini">6. EasyMini</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_easymini_screw_terminals">6.1. EasyMini Screw Terminals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_connecting_a_battery_to_easymini">6.2. Connecting A Battery To EasyMini</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_charging_lithium_batteries">6.3. Charging Lithium Batteries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_using_a_separate_pyro_battery_with_easymini">6.4. Using a Separate Pyro Battery with EasyMini</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_using_an_active_switch_with_easymini">6.5. Using an Active Switch with EasyMini</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#_telemega">7. TeleMega</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_telemega_screw_terminals">7.1. TeleMega Screw Terminals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_using_a_separate_pyro_battery_with_telemega">7.2. Using a Separate Pyro Battery with TeleMega</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_using_only_one_battery_with_telemega">7.3. Using Only One Battery With TeleMega</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_using_an_active_switch_with_telemega">7.4. Using an Active Switch with TeleMega</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#_easymega">8. EasyMega</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_easymega_screw_terminals">8.1. EasyMega Screw Terminals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_using_a_separate_pyro_battery_with_easymega">8.2. Using a Separate Pyro Battery with EasyMega</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_using_only_one_battery_with_easymega">8.3. Using Only One Battery With EasyMega</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_using_an_active_switch_with_easymega">8.4. Using an Active Switch with EasyMega</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#_installation">9. Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#_using_altus_metrum_products">10. Using Altus Metrum Products</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_being_legal">10.1. Being Legal</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_in_the_rocket">10.2. In the Rocket</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_on_the_ground">10.3. On the Ground</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_data_analysis">10.4. Data Analysis</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_future_plans">10.5. Future Plans</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#_altosui">11. AltosUI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_monitor_flight">11.1. Monitor Flight</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_launch_pad">11.1.1. Launch Pad</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_ascent">11.1.2. Ascent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_descent">11.1.3. Descent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_landed">11.1.4. Landed</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_table">11.1.5. Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_site_map">11.1.6. Site Map</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_igniter">11.1.7. Igniter</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_save_flight_data">11.2. Save Flight Data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_replay_flight">11.3. Replay Flight</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_graph_data">11.4. Graph Data</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_flight_graph">11.4.1. Flight Graph</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_configure_graph">11.4.2. Configure Graph</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_flight_statistics">11.4.3. Flight Statistics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_map">11.4.4. Map</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_export_data">11.5. Export Data</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_comma_separated_value_format">11.5.1. Comma Separated Value Format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_keyhole_markup_language_for_google_earth">11.5.2. Keyhole Markup Language (for Google Earth)</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_configure_altimeter">11.6. Configure Altimeter</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_main_deploy_altitude">11.6.1. Main Deploy Altitude</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_apogee_delay">11.6.2. Apogee Delay</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_apogee_lockout">11.6.3. Apogee Lockout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_frequency">11.6.4. Frequency</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_rf_calibration">11.6.5. RF Calibration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_telemetry_rdf_aprs_enable">11.6.6. Telemetry/RDF/APRS Enable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_telemetry_baud_rate">11.6.7. Telemetry baud rate</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_aprs_interval">11.6.8. APRS Interval</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_aprs_ssid">11.6.9. APRS SSID</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_aprs_format">11.6.10. APRS Format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_callsign">11.6.11. Callsign</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_maximum_flight_log_size">11.6.12. Maximum Flight Log Size</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_ignitor_firing_mode">11.6.13. Ignitor Firing Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_pad_orientation">11.6.14. Pad Orientation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_beeper_frequency">11.6.15. Beeper Frequency</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_logging_trigger_motion">11.6.16. Logging Trigger Motion</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_position_reporting_interval">11.6.17. Position Reporting Interval</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_configure_pyro_channels">11.6.18. Configure Pyro Channels</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_configure_altosui">11.7. Configure AltosUI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_voice_settings">11.7.1. Voice Settings</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_log_directory">11.7.2. Log Directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_callsign_2">11.7.3. Callsign</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_imperial_units">11.7.4. Imperial Units</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_serial_debug">11.7.5. Serial Debug</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_font_size">11.7.6. Font size</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_look_amp_feel">11.7.7. Look & feel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_menu_position">11.7.8. Menu position</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_map_cache_size">11.7.9. Map Cache Size</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_manage_frequencies">11.7.10. Manage Frequencies</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_configure_groundstation">11.8. Configure Groundstation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_frequency_2">11.8.1. Frequency</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_rf_calibration_2">11.8.2. RF Calibration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_telemetry_rate">11.8.3. Telemetry Rate</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_flash_image">11.9. Flash Image</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_fire_igniter">11.10. Fire Igniter</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_scan_channels">11.11. Scan Channels</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_load_maps">11.12. Load Maps</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_monitor_idle">11.13. Monitor Idle</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#_altosdroid">12. AltosDroid</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_installing_altosdroid">12.1. Installing AltosDroid</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_charging_telebt_battery">12.2. Charging TeleBT Battery</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_connecting_to_telebt_over_bluetooth">12.3. Connecting to TeleBT over Bluetooth™</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_connecting_to_teledongle_or_telebt_over_usb">12.4. Connecting to TeleDongle or TeleBT over USB</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_configuring_altosdroid">12.5. Configuring AltosDroid</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altosdroid_flight_monitoring">12.6. AltosDroid Flight Monitoring</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_pad">12.7. Pad</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_flight">12.8. Flight</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_recover">12.9. Recover</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_map_2">12.10. Map</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_downloading_flight_logs">12.11. Downloading Flight Logs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#_system_operation">A. System Operation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_firmware_modes">A.1. Firmware Modes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_gps">A.2. GPS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_controlling_an_altimeter_over_the_radio_link">A.3. Controlling An Altimeter Over The Radio Link</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_ground_testing">A.4. Ground Testing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_radio_link">A.5. Radio Link</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_aprs">A.6. APRS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_configurable_parameters">A.7. Configurable Parameters</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#_handling_precautions">B. Handling Precautions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#_updating_device_firmware">C. Updating Device Firmware</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_updating_telemega_telemetrum_v2_easymega_easymini_or_teledongle_v3_firmware">C.1. Updating TeleMega, TeleMetrum v2, EasyMega, EasyMini or TeleDongle v3 Firmware</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_recovering_from_self_flashing_failure">C.1.1. Recovering From Self-Flashing Failure</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_pair_programming">C.2. Pair Programming</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_updating_telemetrum_v1_x_firmware">C.2.1. Updating TeleMetrum v1.x Firmware</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_updating_telemini_firmware">C.2.2. Updating TeleMini Firmware</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_updating_teledongle_v0_2_firmware">C.2.3. Updating TeleDongle v0.2 Firmware</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#_flight_data_recording">D. Flight Data Recording</a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#_altus_metrum_hardware_specifications">E. Altus Metrum Hardware Specifications</a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#_release_notes">F. Release Notes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_release_notes_for_version_1_6_2">F.1. Release Notes for Version 1.6.2</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altos">F.1.1. AltOS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altosui_and_telegps_applications">F.1.2. AltosUI and TeleGPS Applications</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_documentation">F.1.3. Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_release_notes_for_version_1_6_1">F.2. Release Notes for Version 1.6.1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altos_2">F.2.1. AltOS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altosui_and_telegps_applications_2">F.2.2. AltosUI and TeleGPS Applications</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altosdroid_2">F.2.3. AltosDroid</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_release_notes_for_version_1_6">F.3. Release Notes for Version 1.6</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altos_3">F.3.1. AltOS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altosui_and_telegps_applications_3">F.3.2. AltosUI and TeleGPS Applications</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_release_notes_for_version_1_5">F.4. Release Notes for Version 1.5</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altos_4">F.4.1. AltOS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altosui_and_telegps_applications_4">F.4.2. AltosUI and TeleGPS Applications</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_release_notes_for_version_1_4_2">F.5. Release Notes for Version 1.4.2</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altosui_and_telegps_applications_5">F.5.1. AltosUI and TeleGPS Applications</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_release_notes_for_version_1_4_1">F.6. Release Notes for Version 1.4.1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altosui_and_telegps_applications_6">F.6.1. AltosUI and TeleGPS Applications:</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_release_notes_for_version_1_4">F.7. Release Notes for Version 1.4</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altos_5">F.7.1. AltOS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altosui_application">F.7.2. AltosUI Application</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_telegps_application">F.7.3. TeleGPS Application</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_documentation_2">F.7.4. Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_release_notes_for_version_1_3_2">F.8. Release Notes for Version 1.3.2</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altos_6">F.8.1. AltOS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altosui_application_2">F.8.2. AltosUI Application</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_release_notes_for_version_1_3_1">F.9. Release Notes for Version 1.3.1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altos_7">F.9.1. AltOS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altosui_application_3">F.9.2. AltosUI Application</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_release_notes_for_version_1_3">F.10. Release Notes for Version 1.3</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altos_8">F.10.1. AltOS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altosui_application_4">F.10.2. AltosUI Application</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_release_notes_for_version_1_2_1">F.11. Release Notes for Version 1.2.1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altos_9">F.11.1. AltOS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altosui_application_5">F.11.2. AltosUI Application</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altosdroid_3">F.11.3. AltosDroid</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_release_notes_for_version_1_2">F.12. Release Notes for Version 1.2</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altos_10">F.12.1. AltOS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altosui_and_micropeak_application">F.12.2. AltosUI and MicroPeak Application</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_release_notes_for_version_1_1">F.13. Release Notes for Version 1.1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altos_11">F.13.1. AltOS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altosui_2">F.13.2. AltosUI</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_release_notes_for_version_1_1_2">F.14. Release Notes for Version 1.1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altos_12">F.14.1. AltOS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altosui_3">F.14.2. AltosUI</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_release_notes_for_version_1_0_1">F.15. Release Notes for Version 1.0.1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altos_13">F.15.1. AltOS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altosui_application_6">F.15.2. AltosUI Application</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_release_notes_for_version_0_9_2">F.16. Release Notes for Version 0.9.2</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altosui_4">F.16.1. AltosUI</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_release_notes_for_version_0_9">F.17. Release Notes for Version 0.9</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altos_14">F.17.1. AltOS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altosui_application_7">F.17.2. AltosUI Application</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_release_notes_for_version_0_8">F.18. Release Notes for Version 0.8</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altosui_application_8">F.18.1. AltosUI Application:</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_release_notes_for_version_0_7_1">F.19. Release Notes for Version 0.7.1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_altosui_application_9">F.19.1. AltosUI Application</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="list-of-figures"><p><strong>List of Figures</strong></p><dl><dt>4.1. <a href="#idm45058137013184">TeleMetrum v2 Board</a></dt><dt>4.2. <a href="#idm45058131219712">TeleMetrum v1 Board</a></dt><dt>5.1. <a href="#idm45058131173360">TeleMini v1.0 Board</a></dt><dt>6.1. <a href="#idm45058131130096">EasyMini Board</a></dt><dt>7.1. <a href="#idm45058131075552">TeleMega Board</a></dt><dt>8.1. <a href="#idm45058130988752">EasyMega Board</a></dt><dt>11.1. <a href="#idm45058130868928">AltosUI Main Window</a></dt><dt>11.2. <a href="#idm45058130863296">Device Selection Dialog</a></dt><dt>11.3. <a href="#idm45058130849200">Monitor Flight Launch Pad View</a></dt><dt>11.4. <a href="#idm45058130830016">Monitor Flight Ascent View</a></dt><dt>11.5. <a href="#idm45058130823280">Monitor Flight Descent View</a></dt><dt>11.6. <a href="#idm45058130815168">Monitor Flight Landed View</a></dt><dt>11.7. <a href="#idm45058130806592">Monitor Flight Table View</a></dt><dt>11.8. <a href="#idm45058130801760">Monitor Flight Site Map View</a></dt><dt>11.9. <a href="#idm45058130793680">Monitor Flight Additional Igniter View</a></dt><dt>11.10. <a href="#idm45058130777360">Flight Data Graph</a></dt><dt>11.11. <a href="#idm45058130771968">Flight Graph Configuration</a></dt><dt>11.12. <a href="#idm45058130767456">Flight Statistics</a></dt><dt>11.13. <a href="#idm45058130763168">Flight Map</a></dt><dt>11.14. <a href="#idm45058130751680">Altimeter Configuration</a></dt><dt>11.15. <a href="#idm45058130694496">Additional Pyro Channel Configuration</a></dt><dt>11.16. <a href="#idm45058130656608">Configure AltosUI Dialog</a></dt><dt>11.17. <a href="#idm45058130628688">Configure Groundstation Dialog</a></dt><dt>11.18. <a href="#idm45058130608144">Fire Igniter Window</a></dt><dt>11.19. <a href="#idm45058130598992">Scan Channels Window</a></dt><dt>11.20. <a href="#idm45058130594176">Load Maps Window</a></dt><dt>11.21. <a href="#idm45058130577728">Monitor Idle Window</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-tables"><p><strong>List of Tables</strong></p><dl><dt>3.1. <a href="#idm45058131365520">AltOS Modes</a></dt><dt>3.2. <a href="#idm45058131311360">Pad/Idle Indications</a></dt><dt>3.3. <a href="#idm45058131285120">Pad Radio Indications</a></dt><dt>4.1. <a href="#idm45058131209152">TeleMetrum Screw Terminals</a></dt><dt>5.1. <a href="#idm45058131166752">TeleMini v1.0 Screw Terminals</a></dt><dt>6.1. <a href="#idm45058131124080">EasyMini Screw Terminals</a></dt><dt>7.1. <a href="#idm45058131066192">TeleMega Screw Terminals</a></dt><dt>8.1. <a href="#idm45058130983408">EasyMega Screw Terminals</a></dt><dt>A.1. <a href="#idm45058130419360">Altus Metrum APRS Comments</a></dt><dt>D.1. <a href="#idm45058130283472">Data Storage on Altus Metrum altimeters</a></dt><dt>E.1. <a href="#idm45058130237152">Altus Metrum Flight Computer Electronics</a></dt><dt>E.2. <a href="#idm45058130154144">Altus Metrum Flight Computer Mechanical Components</a></dt></dl></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="_introduction_and_overview"></a>Chapter 1. Introduction and Overview</h1></div></div></div><p>Welcome to the Altus Metrum community! Our circuits and software reflect
+our passion for both hobby rocketry and Free Software. We hope their
+capabilities and performance will delight you in every way, but by
+releasing all of our hardware and software designs under open licenses,
+we also hope to empower you to take as active a role in our collective
+future as you wish!</p><p>The first device created for our community was TeleMetrum, a dual
+deploy altimeter with fully integrated GPS and radio telemetry
+as standard features, and a “companion interface” that will
+support optional capabilities in the future. The latest version
+of TeleMetrum, v2.0, has all of the same features but with
+improved sensors and radio to offer increased performance.</p><p>Our second device was TeleMini, a dual deploy altimeter with
+radio telemetry and radio direction finding. The first version
+of this device was only 13mm by 38mm (½ inch by 1½ inches) and
+could fit easily in an 18mm air-frame. The latest version, v2.0,
+includes a beeper, USB data download and extended on-board
+flight logging, along with an improved barometric sensor.</p><p>TeleMega is our most sophisticated device, including six pyro
+channels (four of which are fully programmable), integrated GPS,
+integrated gyroscopes for staging/air-start inhibit and high
+performance telemetry.</p><p>EasyMini is a dual-deploy altimeter with logging and built-in
+USB data download.</p><p>EasyMega is essentially a TeleMega board with the GPS receiver
+and telemetry transmitter removed. It offers the same 6 pyro
+channels and integrated gyroscopes for staging/air-start inhibit.</p><p>TeleDongle v0.2 was our first ground station, providing a USB to RF
+interfaces for communicating with the altimeters. Combined with
+your choice of antenna and notebook computer, TeleDongle and our
+associated user interface software form a complete ground
+station capable of logging and displaying in-flight telemetry,
+aiding rocket recovery, then processing and archiving flight
+data for analysis and review. The latest version, TeleDongle
+v3, has all new electronics with a higher performance radio
+for improved range.</p><p>For a slightly more portable ground station experience that also
+provides direct rocket recovery support, TeleBT offers flight
+monitoring and data logging using a Bluetooth™ connection between
+the receiver and an Android device that has the AltosDroid
+application installed from the Google Play store.</p><p>More products will be added to the Altus Metrum family over time, and
+we currently envision that this will be a single, comprehensive manual
+for the entire product family.</p></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="_getting_started"></a>Chapter 2. Getting Started</h1></div></div></div><p>The first thing to do after you open the box is to hook up a
+battery and charge it if necessary.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_batteries"></a>2.1. Batteries</h2></div></div></div><p>For TeleMetrum, TeleMega and EasyMega, the battery can be charged by plugging it into the
+corresponding socket of the device and then using the USB
+cable to plug the flight computer into your computer’s USB socket. The
+on-board circuitry will charge the battery whenever it is plugged
+in, because the on-off switch does NOT control the
+charging circuitry.
+The Lithium Polymer
+TeleMini and
+EasyMini battery can be charged by disconnecting it
+from the board and plugging it into a standalone
+battery charger such as <a class="ulink" href="http://altusmetrum.org/LipoCharger" target="_top">LipoCharger</a>, and
+connecting that via a USB cable to a laptop or other
+USB power source.</p><p>You can also choose to use another battery with
+EasyMini, anything supplying between 4 and 12 volts should
+work fine (like a standard 9V battery), but if you are planning
+to fire pyro charges, ground testing is required to verify that
+the battery supplies enough current to fire your chosen e-matches.</p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0; margin-right: 10%;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p>On TeleMetrum v1 boards, when the GPS chip is initially
+searching for satellites, TeleMetrum will consume more current
+than it pulls from the USB port, so the battery must be
+attached in order to get satellite lock. Once GPS is locked,
+the current consumption goes back down enough to enable charging
+while running. So it’s a good idea to fully charge the battery
+as your first item of business so there is no issue getting and
+maintaining satellite lock. The yellow charge indicator led
+will go out when the battery is nearly full and the charger goes
+to trickle charge. It can take several hours to fully recharge a
+deeply discharged battery.</p><p>TeleMetrum v2.0, TeleMega and EasyMega use a higher power battery charger,
+allowing them to charge the battery while running the board at
+maximum power. When the battery is charging, or when the board
+is consuming a lot of power, the red LED will be lit. When the
+battery is fully charged, the green LED will be lit. When the
+battery is damaged or missing, both LEDs will be lit, which
+appears yellow.</p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_ground_station_hardware"></a>2.2. Ground Station Hardware</h2></div></div></div><p>There are two ground stations available, the TeleDongle USB to
+RF interface and the TeleBT Bluetooth/USB to RF interface. If
+you plug either of these in to your Mac or Linux computer it should
+“just work”, showing up as a serial port device. Windows systems need
+driver information that is part of the AltOS download to know that the
+existing USB modem driver will work. We therefore recommend installing
+our software before plugging in TeleDongle if you are using a Windows
+computer. If you are using an older version of Linux and are having
+problems, try moving to a fresher kernel (2.6.33 or
+newer).</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_linux_mac_windows_ground_station_software"></a>2.3. Linux/Mac/Windows Ground Station Software</h2></div></div></div><p>Next you should obtain and install the AltOS software.
+The AltOS distribution includes the AltosUI ground
+station program, current firmware images for all of
+the hardware, and a number of standalone utilities
+that are rarely needed. Pre-built binary packages are
+available for Linux, Microsoft Windows, Mac OSX. Full
+source code and build instructions are also
+available. The latest version may always be downloaded
+from <a class="ulink" href="http://altusmetrum.org/AltOS" target="_top">http://altusmetrum.org/AltOS</a></p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_android_ground_station_software"></a>2.4. Android Ground Station Software</h2></div></div></div><p>TeleBT can also connect to an Android device over
+BlueTooth or USB. The
+<a class="ulink" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.altusmetrum.AltosDroid" target="_top">AltosDroid
+Android application</a> is available from the
+<a class="ulink" href="https://play.google.com" target="_top">Google Play system</a>.</p><p>You don’t need a data plan to use AltosDroid, but
+without network access, you’ll want to download
+offline map data before wandering away from the
+network.</p></div></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="_using_altus_metrum_hardware"></a>Chapter 3. Using Altus Metrum Hardware</h1></div></div></div><p>Here are general instructions for hooking up an Altus Metrum
+flight computer. Instructions specific to each model will be
+found in the section devoted to that model below.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_wiring_and_electrical_interference"></a>3.1. Wiring and Electrical Interference</h2></div></div></div><p>To prevent electrical interference from affecting the
+operation of the flight computer, it’s important to always
+twist pairs of wires connected to the board. Twist the switch
+leads, the pyro leads and the battery leads. This reduces
+interference through a mechanism called common mode rejection.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_hooking_up_lithium_polymer_batteries"></a>3.2. Hooking Up Lithium Polymer Batteries</h2></div></div></div><p>All Altus Metrum flight computers have a two pin JST PH
+series connector to connect up a single-cell Lithium Polymer
+cell (3.7V nominal). You can purchase matching batteries
+from the Altus Metrum store, or other vendors, or you can
+make your own. Pin 1 of the connector is positive, pin 2 is
+negative. Spark Fun sells a cable with the connector
+attached, which they call a
+<a class="ulink" href="https://www.sparkfun.com/products/9914" target="_top">JST Jumper 2 Wire Assembly</a></p><div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0; margin-right: 10%;"><h3 class="title">Warning</h3><p>Many RC vendors also sell lithium polymer batteries with
+this same connector. All that we have found use the opposite
+polarity, and if you use them that way, you will damage or
+destroy the flight computer.</p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_hooking_up_pyro_charges"></a>3.3. Hooking Up Pyro Charges</h2></div></div></div><p>Altus Metrum flight computers always have two screws for
+each pyro charge. This means you shouldn’t need to put two
+wires into a screw terminal or connect leads from pyro
+charges together externally.</p><p>On the flight computer, one lead from each charge is hooked
+to the positive battery terminal through the power switch.
+The other lead is connected through the pyro circuit, which
+is connected to the negative battery terminal when the pyro
+circuit is fired.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_hooking_up_a_power_switch"></a>3.4. Hooking Up a Power Switch</h2></div></div></div><p>Altus Metrum flight computers need an external power switch
+to turn them on. This disconnects both the computer and the
+pyro charges from the battery, preventing the charges from
+firing when in the Off position. The switch is in-line with
+the positive battery terminal.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_understanding_beeps"></a>3.5. Understanding Beeps</h2></div></div></div><p>Altus Metrum flight computers include a beeper to
+provide information about the state of the system.
+TeleMini doesn’t have room for a beeper, so instead it
+uses an LED, which works the same, except for every
+beep is replaced with the flash of the LED.</p><p>Here’s a short summary of all of the modes and the
+beeping
+(or flashing, in the case of TeleMini v1)
+that accompanies each mode. In the description of the
+beeping pattern, “dit” means a short beep while "dah"
+means a long beep (three times as long). “Brap” means
+a long dissonant tone.</p><div class="table"><a id="idm45058131365520"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table 3.1. AltOS Modes</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="AltOS Modes" cellpadding="4px" style="border-collapse: collapse;border-top: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; border-left: 1px solid #78079a; border-right: 1px solid #78079a; "><colgroup><col class="col_1" /><col class="col_2" /><col class="col_3" /><col class="col_4" /></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Mode Name</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Abbreviation</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Beeps</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Description</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Startup</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>S</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>battery voltage in decivolts</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Calibrating sensors, detecting orientation.</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Idle</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>I</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>dit dit</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Ready to accept commands over USB
+or radio link.</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Pad</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>P</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>dit dah dah dit</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Waiting for launch. Not listening for commands.</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Boost</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>B</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>dah dit dit dit</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Accelerating upwards.</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Fast</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>F</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>dit dit dah dit</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Decelerating, but moving faster than 200m/s.</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Coast</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>C</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>dah dit dah dit</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Decelerating, moving slower than 200m/s</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Drogue</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>D</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>dah dit dit</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Descending after apogee. Above main height.</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Main</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>M</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>dah dah</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Descending. Below main height.</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Landed</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>L</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>dit dah dit dit</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Stable altitude for at least ten seconds.</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Sensor error</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>X</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>dah dit dit dah</p></td><td style="" align="left" valign="top"><p>Error detected during sensor calibration.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p>Here’s a summary of all of the Pad and Idle mode
+indications. In Idle mode, you’ll hear one of these
+just once after the two short dits indicating idle
+mode. In Pad mode, after the dit dah dah dit
+indicating Pad mode, you’ll hear these once every five
+seconds.</p><div class="table"><a id="idm45058131311360"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table 3.2. Pad/Idle Indications</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Pad/Idle Indications" cellpadding="4px" style="border-collapse: collapse;border-top: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; border-left: 1px solid #78079a; border-right: 1px solid #78079a; "><colgroup><col class="col_1" /><col class="col_2" /><col class="col_3" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Name </th><th style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Beeps </th><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Neither</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>brap</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>No continuity detected on either apogee or main igniters.</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Apogee</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>dit</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Continuity detected only on apogee igniter.</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Main</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>dit dit</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Continuity detected only on main igniter.</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Both</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>dit dit dit</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Continuity detected on both igniters.</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Storage Full</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>warble</p></td><td style="" align="left" valign="top"><p>On-board data logging storage is full. This will
+not prevent the flight computer from safely
+controlling the flight or transmitting telemetry
+signals, but no record of the flight will be
+stored in on-board flash.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p>For devices with a radio transmitter, in addition to
+the digital and APRS telemetry signals, you can also
+receive audio tones with a standard amateur
+70cm FM receiver. While on the pad, you will hear
+igniter status once every five seconds.</p><div class="table"><a id="idm45058131285120"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table 3.3. Pad Radio Indications</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Pad Radio Indications" cellpadding="4px" style="border-collapse: collapse;border-top: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; border-left: 1px solid #78079a; border-right: 1px solid #78079a; "><colgroup><col class="col_1" /><col class="col_2" /><col class="col_3" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Name </th><th style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Beeps </th><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Neither</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>½ second tone</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>No continuity detected on either apogee or main igniters.</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Apogee</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>dit</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Continuity detected only on apogee igniter.</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Main</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>dit dit</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Continuity detected only on main igniter.</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Both</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>dit dit dit</p></td><td style="" align="left" valign="top"><p>Continuity detected on both igniters.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p>During ascent, the tones will be muted to allow the
+telemetry data to consume the full radio bandwidth.</p><p>During descent and after landing, a ½ second tone will
+be transmitted every five seconds. This can be used to
+find the rocket using RDF techniques when the signal
+is too weak to receive GPS information via telemetry
+or APRS.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_turning_on_the_power"></a>3.6. Turning On the Power</h2></div></div></div><p>Connect a battery and power switch and turn the switch
+to "on". The flight computer will signal power on by
+reporting the battery voltage and then perform an internal self
+test and sensor calibration.</p><p>Once the self test and calibration are complete, there
+are two modes that an Altus Metrum flight computer can
+operate in:</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">
+Flight/Pad
+</span></dt><dd>
+The flight computer is waiting to detect
+launch and then fly the rocket. In this mode, the USB
+link is
+disabled, and the radio goes into transmit-only mode.
+The only way to get out of this
+mode is to power the flight computer down.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Idle
+</span></dt><dd>
+The flight computer is ready to communicate over USB
+and in packet mode over the radio.
+You can configure
+the flight computer, download data or display
+the current state.
+</dd></dl></div><p>For flight computers with accelerometers (TeleMetrum,
+EasyMega and TeleMega), the mode is selected by the
+orientation of the board during the self test
+interval. If the board is pointing upwards as if ready
+to fly, it will enter Flight/Pad mode. Otherwise, it will
+enter Idle mode.</p><p>For EasyMini, if the USB cable is connected to a
+computer, it will enter Idle mode. Otherwise, it will
+enter Flight/Pad mode.</p><p>For TeleMini v1.0, if a packet link is waiting to
+connect when the device is powered on, it will enter
+Idle mode, otherwise it will enter Flight/Pad mode.</p><p>You can see in <a class="xref" href="#_understanding_beeps" title="3.5. Understanding Beeps">Section 3.5, “Understanding Beeps”</a>
+how to tell which mode the flight computer is in.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_using_an_external_active_switch_circuit"></a>3.7. Using an External Active Switch Circuit</h2></div></div></div><p>You can use an active switch circuit, such as the
+Featherweight Magnetic Switch, with any Altus Metrum
+flight computer. These require three connections, one to
+the battery, one to the positive power input on the flight
+computer and one to ground. Find instructions on how to
+hook these up for each flight computer below. Then follow
+the instructions that come with your active switch to
+connect it up.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_using_a_separate_pyro_battery"></a>3.8. Using a Separate Pyro Battery</h2></div></div></div><p>As mentioned above in <a class="xref" href="#_hooking_up_pyro_charges" title="3.3. Hooking Up Pyro Charges">Section 3.3, “Hooking Up Pyro Charges”</a>, one
+lead for each of the pyro charges is connected through
+the power switch directly to the positive battery
+terminal. The other lead is connected to the pyro
+circuit, which connects it to the negative battery
+terminal when the pyro circuit is fired. The pyro
+circuit on all of the flight computers is designed to
+handle up to 16V.</p><p>To use a separate pyro battery, connect the negative pyro
+battery terminal to the flight computer ground terminal,
+the positive battery terminal to the igniter and the other
+igniter lead to the negative pyro terminal on the flight
+computer. When the pyro channel fires, it will complete the
+circuit between the negative pyro terminal and the ground
+terminal, firing the igniter. Specific instructions on how
+to hook this up for each flight computer will be found
+in the section below for that flight computer.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_using_a_different_kind_of_battery"></a>3.9. Using a Different Kind of Battery</h2></div></div></div><p>EasyMini
+and TeleMini v2 are
+designed to use either a
+lithium polymer battery or any other battery producing
+between 4 and 12 volts, such as a rectangular 9V
+battery.</p><div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0; margin-right: 10%;"><h3 class="title">Warning</h3><p>TeleMega, EasyMega and TeleMetrum are only designed to
+operate off a single-cell Lithium Polymer battery and
+cannot be used with any other kind. Connecting a
+different kind of battery to any of these will destroy
+the board.</p></div></div></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="_telemetrum"></a>Chapter 4. TeleMetrum</h1></div></div></div><div class="figure"><a id="idm45058137013184"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 4.1. TeleMetrum v2 Board</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="telemetrum-v2.0-th.jpg" width="495" alt="telemetrum-v2.0-th.jpg" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="figure"><a id="idm45058131219712"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 4.2. TeleMetrum v1 Board</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="telemetrum-v1.1-thside.jpg" width="495" alt="telemetrum-v1.1-thside.jpg" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>TeleMetrum is a 1 inch by 2¾ inch circuit board. It was designed to
+fit inside coupler for 29mm air-frame tubing, but using it in a tube that
+small in diameter may require some creativity in mounting and wiring
+to succeed! The presence of an accelerometer means TeleMetrum should
+be aligned along the flight axis of the airframe, and by default the ¼
+wave UHF wire antenna should be on the nose-cone end of the board. The
+antenna wire is about 7 inches long, and wiring for a power switch and
+the e-matches for apogee and main ejection charges depart from the
+fin can end of the board, meaning an ideal “simple” avionics
+bay for TeleMetrum should have at least 10 inches of interior length.</p><p>There are two generations of the TeleMetrum design. The
+major changes in the v2 generation are:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+uBlox GPS chip certified for altitude records
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Higher power radio (40mW vs 10mW)
+</li><li class="listitem">
+APRS support
+</li></ul></div><p>Otherwise, they’re the same size, with mounting holes and
+screw terminals in the same position.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_telemetrum_screw_terminals"></a>4.1. TeleMetrum Screw Terminals</h2></div></div></div><p>TeleMetrum has six screw terminals on the end of the board
+opposite the telemetry antenna. Two are for the power
+switch, and two each for the apogee and main igniter
+circuits. Using the picture above and starting from the top,
+the terminals are as follows:</p><div class="table"><a id="idm45058131209152"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table 4.1. TeleMetrum Screw Terminals</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="TeleMetrum Screw Terminals" cellpadding="4px" style="border-collapse: collapse;border-top: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; border-left: 1px solid #78079a; border-right: 1px solid #78079a; "><colgroup><col class="col_1" /><col class="col_2" /><col class="col_3" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Terminal #</th><th style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Terminal Name</th><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>1</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Switch Output</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Switch connection to flight computer</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>2</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Switch Input</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Switch connection to positive battery terminal</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>3</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Main +</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Main pyro channel common connection to battery</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>4</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Main -</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Main pyro channel connection to pyro circuit</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>5</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Apogee +</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Apogee pyro channel common connection to battery</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>6</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Apogee -</p></td><td style="" align="left" valign="top"><p>Apogee pyro channel connection to pyro circuit</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_using_a_separate_pyro_battery_with_telemetrum"></a>4.2. Using a Separate Pyro Battery with TeleMetrum</h2></div></div></div><p>As described above, using an external pyro battery involves
+connecting the negative battery terminal to the flight
+computer ground, connecting the positive battery terminal to
+one of the igniter leads and connecting the other igniter
+lead to the per-channel pyro circuit connection.</p><p>To connect the negative battery terminal to the TeleMetrum
+ground, insert a small piece of wire, 24 to 28 gauge
+stranded, into the GND hole just above the screw terminal
+strip and solder it in place.</p><p>Connecting the positive battery terminal to the pyro
+charges must be done separate from TeleMetrum, by soldering
+them together or using some other connector.</p><p>The other lead from each pyro charge is then inserted into
+the appropriate per-pyro channel screw terminal (terminal 4 for the
+Main charge, terminal 6 for the Apogee charge).</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_using_an_active_switch_with_telemetrum"></a>4.3. Using an Active Switch with TeleMetrum</h2></div></div></div><p>As explained above, an external active switch requires three
+connections, one to the positive battery terminal, one to
+the flight computer positive input and one to ground.</p><p>The positive battery terminal is available on screw terminal
+2, the positive flight computer input is on terminal 1. To
+hook a lead to ground, solder a piece of wire, 24 to 28
+gauge stranded, to the GND hole just above terminal 1.</p></div></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="_telemini_v1_0"></a>Chapter 5. TeleMini v1.0</h1></div></div></div><div class="figure"><a id="idm45058131173360"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 5.1. TeleMini v1.0 Board</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="telemini-v1-top.jpg" width="495" alt="telemini-v1-top.jpg" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>TeleMini v1.0 is ½ inches by 1½ inches. It was
+designed to fit inside an 18mm air-frame tube, but using it in
+a tube that small in diameter may require some creativity in
+mounting and wiring to succeed! Since there is no
+accelerometer, TeleMini can be mounted in any convenient
+orientation. The default ¼ wave UHF wire antenna attached to
+the center of one end of the board is about 7 inches long. Two
+wires for the power switch are connected to holes in the
+middle of the board. Screw terminals for the e-matches for
+apogee and main ejection charges depart from the other end of
+the board, meaning an ideal “simple” avionics bay for TeleMini
+should have at least 9 inches of interior length.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_telemini_v1_0_screw_terminals"></a>5.1. TeleMini v1.0 Screw Terminals</h2></div></div></div><p>TeleMini v1.0 has four screw terminals on the end of the
+board opposite the telemetry antenna. Two are for the apogee
+and two are for main igniter circuits. There are also wires
+soldered to the board for the power switch. Using the
+picture above and starting from the top for the terminals
+and from the left for the power switch wires, the
+connections are as follows:</p><div class="table"><a id="idm45058131166752"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table 5.1. TeleMini v1.0 Screw Terminals</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="TeleMini v1.0 Screw Terminals" cellpadding="4px" style="border-collapse: collapse;border-top: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; border-left: 1px solid #78079a; border-right: 1px solid #78079a; "><colgroup><col class="col_1" /><col class="col_2" /><col class="col_3" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Terminal #</th><th style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Terminal Name</th><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>1</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Apogee -</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Apogee pyro channel connection to pyro circuit</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>2</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Apogee</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Apogee pyro channel common connection to battery</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>3</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Main -</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Main pyro channel connection to pyro circuit</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>4</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Main</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Main pyro channel common connection to battery</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Left</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Switch Output</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Switch connection to flight computer</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Right</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Switch Input</p></td><td style="" align="left" valign="top"><p>Switch connection to positive battery terminal</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_using_a_separate_pyro_battery_with_telemini_v1_0"></a>5.2. Using a Separate Pyro Battery with TeleMini v1.0</h2></div></div></div><p>As described above, using an external pyro battery involves
+connecting the negative battery terminal to the flight
+computer ground, connecting the positive battery terminal to
+one of the igniter leads and connecting the other igniter
+lead to the per-channel pyro circuit connection. Because
+there is no solid ground connection to use on TeleMini, this
+is not recommended.</p><p>The only available ground connection on TeleMini v1.0 are
+the two mounting holes next to the telemetry
+antenna. Somehow connect a small piece of wire to one of
+those holes and hook it to the negative pyro battery terminal.</p><p>Connecting the positive battery terminal to the pyro
+charges must be done separate from TeleMini v1.0, by soldering
+them together or using some other connector.</p><p>The other lead from each pyro charge is then inserted into
+the appropriate per-pyro channel screw terminal (terminal 3 for the
+Main charge, terminal 1 for the Apogee charge).</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_using_an_active_switch_with_telemini_v1_0"></a>5.3. Using an Active Switch with TeleMini v1.0</h2></div></div></div><p>As explained above, an external active switch requires three
+connections, one to the positive battery terminal, one to
+the flight computer positive input and one to ground. Again,
+because TeleMini doesn’t have any good ground connection,
+this is not recommended.</p><p>The positive battery terminal is available on the Right
+power switch wire, the positive flight computer input is on
+the left power switch wire. Hook a lead to either of the
+mounting holes for a ground connection.</p></div></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="_easymini"></a>Chapter 6. EasyMini</h1></div></div></div><div class="figure"><a id="idm45058131130096"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 6.1. EasyMini Board</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="easymini-top.jpg" width="495" alt="easymini-top.jpg" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>EasyMini is built on a 0.8 inch by 1½ inch circuit board. It’s
+designed to fit in a 24mm coupler tube.</p><p>You usually don’t need to configure EasyMini at all; it’s set
+up to do dual-deployment with an event at apogee to separate
+the airframe and deploy a drogue and another event at 250m
+(820ft) to deploy the main. Install EasyMini in your airframe,
+hook up a battery, igniters and a power switch and you’re
+ready to fly.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_easymini_screw_terminals"></a>6.1. EasyMini Screw Terminals</h2></div></div></div><p>EasyMini has two sets of four screw terminals near one end of the
+board. Using the picture
+above, the top four have connections for the main pyro
+circuit and an external battery and the bottom four have
+connections for the apogee pyro circuit and the power
+switch. Counting from the left, the connections are as follows:</p><div class="table"><a id="idm45058131124080"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table 6.1. EasyMini Screw Terminals</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="EasyMini Screw Terminals" cellpadding="4px" style="border-collapse: collapse;border-top: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; border-left: 1px solid #78079a; border-right: 1px solid #78079a; "><colgroup><col class="col_1" /><col class="col_2" /><col class="col_3" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Terminal #</th><th style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Terminal Name</th><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Top 1</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Main -</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Main pyro channel connection to pyro circuit</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Top 2</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Main</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Main pyro channel common connection to battery</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Top 3</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Battery</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Positive external battery terminal</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Top 4</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Battery -</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Negative external battery terminal</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Bottom 1</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Apogee -</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Apogee pyro channel connection to pyro circuit</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Bottom 2</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Apogee</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Apogee pyro channel common connection to battery</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Bottom 3</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Switch Output</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Switch connection to flight computer</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Bottom 4</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Switch Input</p></td><td style="" align="left" valign="top"><p>Switch connection to positive battery terminal</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_connecting_a_battery_to_easymini"></a>6.2. Connecting A Battery To EasyMini</h2></div></div></div><p>There are two possible battery connections on
+EasyMini. You can use either method; both feed
+through the power switch terminals.</p><p>One battery connection is the standard Altus Metrum
+white JST plug. This mates with single-cell Lithium
+Polymer batteries sold by Altus Metrum.</p><p>The other is a pair of screw terminals marked <span class="emphasis"><em>Battery
++</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>Battery -</em></span>. Connect a battery from 4 to 12
+volts to these terminals, being careful to match polarity.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_charging_lithium_batteries"></a>6.3. Charging Lithium Batteries</h2></div></div></div><p>Because EasyMini allows for batteries other than the
+standard Altus Metrum Lithium Polymer cells, it cannot
+incorporate a battery charger circuit. Therefore, when
+using a Litium Polymer cell, you’ll need an external
+charger. These are available from Altus Metrum, or
+from Spark Fun.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_using_a_separate_pyro_battery_with_easymini"></a>6.4. Using a Separate Pyro Battery with EasyMini</h2></div></div></div><p>As described above, using an external pyro battery involves
+connecting the negative battery terminal to the flight
+computer ground, connecting the positive battery terminal to
+one of the igniter leads and connecting the other igniter
+lead to the per-channel pyro circuit connection.</p><p>To connect the negative pyro battery terminal to EasyMini
+ground, connect it to the negative external battery
+connection, top terminal 4.</p><p>Connecting the positive battery terminal to the pyro
+charges must be done separate from EasyMini, by soldering
+them together or using some other connector.</p><p>The other lead from each pyro charge is then inserted into
+the appropriate per-pyro channel screw terminal (top
+terminal 1 for the Main charge, bottom terminal 1 for the
+Apogee charge).</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_using_an_active_switch_with_easymini"></a>6.5. Using an Active Switch with EasyMini</h2></div></div></div><p>As explained above, an external active switch requires three
+connections, one to the positive battery terminal, one to
+the flight computer positive input and one to ground. Use
+the negative external battery connection, top terminal 4 for
+ground.</p><p>The positive battery terminal is available on bottom
+terminal 4, the positive flight computer input is on the
+bottom terminal 3.</p></div></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="_telemega"></a>Chapter 7. TeleMega</h1></div></div></div><div class="figure"><a id="idm45058131075552"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 7.1. TeleMega Board</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="telemega-v1.0-top.jpg" width="495" alt="telemega-v1.0-top.jpg" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>TeleMega is a 1¼ inch by 3¼ inch circuit board. It was
+designed to easily fit in a 38mm coupler. Like TeleMetrum,
+TeleMega has an accelerometer and so it must be mounted so that
+the board is aligned with the flight axis. It can be mounted
+either antenna up or down.</p><p>TeleMega v2.0 has a few minor changes from v1.0:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Companion connector matches EasyMega functions
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Serial port connector replaced with servo connector with
+support for up to 4 PWM channels.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Radio switched from cc1120 to cc1200.
+</li></ul></div><p>None of these affect operation using the stock firmware, but
+they do mean that the device needs different firmware to
+operate correctly, so make sure you load the right firmware
+when reflashing the device.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_telemega_screw_terminals"></a>7.1. TeleMega Screw Terminals</h2></div></div></div><p>TeleMega has two sets of nine screw terminals on the end of
+the board opposite the telemetry antenna. They are as follows:</p><div class="table"><a id="idm45058131066192"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table 7.1. TeleMega Screw Terminals</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="TeleMega Screw Terminals" cellpadding="4px" style="border-collapse: collapse;border-top: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; border-left: 1px solid #78079a; border-right: 1px solid #78079a; "><colgroup><col class="col_1" /><col class="col_2" /><col class="col_3" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Terminal #</th><th style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Terminal Name</th><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Top 1</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Switch Input</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Switch connection to positive battery terminal</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Top 2</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Switch Output</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Switch connection to flight computer</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Top 3</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>GND</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Ground connection for use with external active switch</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Top 4</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Main -</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Main pyro channel connection to pyro circuit</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Top 5</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Main</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Main pyro channel common connection to battery</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Top 6</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Apogee -</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Apogee pyro channel connection to pyro circuit</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Top 7</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Apogee</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Apogee pyro channel common connection to battery</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Top 8</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>D -</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>D pyro channel connection to pyro circuit</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Top 9</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>D</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>D pyro channel common connection to battery</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Bottom 1</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>GND</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Ground connection for negative pyro battery terminal</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Bottom 2</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Pyro</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Positive pyro battery terminal</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Bottom 3</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Lipo</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Power switch output. Use to connect main battery to pyro battery input</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Bottom 4</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>A -</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>A pyro channel connection to pyro circuit</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Bottom 5</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>A</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>A pyro channel common connection to battery</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Bottom 6</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>B -</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>B pyro channel connection to pyro circuit</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Bottom 7</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>B</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>B pyro channel common connection to battery</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Bottom 8</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>C -</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>C pyro channel connection to pyro circuit</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Bottom 9</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>C</p></td><td style="" align="left" valign="top"><p>C pyro channel common connection to battery</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_using_a_separate_pyro_battery_with_telemega"></a>7.2. Using a Separate Pyro Battery with TeleMega</h2></div></div></div><p>TeleMega provides explicit support for an external pyro
+battery. All that is required is to remove the jumper
+between the lipo terminal (Bottom 3) and the pyro terminal
+(Bottom 2). Then hook the negative pyro battery terminal to ground
+(Bottom 1) and the positive pyro battery to the pyro battery
+input (Bottom 2). You can then use the existing pyro screw
+terminals to hook up all of the pyro charges.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_using_only_one_battery_with_telemega"></a>7.3. Using Only One Battery With TeleMega</h2></div></div></div><p>Because TeleMega has built-in support for a separate pyro
+battery, if you want to fly with just one battery running
+both the computer and firing the charges, you need to
+connect the flight computer battery to the pyro
+circuit. TeleMega has two screw terminals for this—hook a
+wire from the Lipo terminal (Bottom 3) to the Pyro terminal
+(Bottom 2).</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_using_an_active_switch_with_telemega"></a>7.4. Using an Active Switch with TeleMega</h2></div></div></div><p>As explained above, an external active switch requires three
+connections, one to the positive battery terminal, one to
+the flight computer positive input and one to ground.</p><p>The positive battery terminal is available on Top terminal
+1, the positive flight computer input is on Top terminal
+2. Ground is on Top terminal 3.</p></div></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="_easymega"></a>Chapter 8. EasyMega</h1></div></div></div><div class="figure"><a id="idm45058130988752"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 8.1. EasyMega Board</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="easymega-v1.0-top.jpg" width="405" alt="easymega-v1.0-top.jpg" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>EasyMega is a 1¼ inch by 2¼ inch circuit board. It was
+designed to easily fit in a 38mm coupler. Like TeleMetrum,
+EasyMega has an accelerometer and so it must be mounted so that
+the board is aligned with the flight axis. It can be mounted
+either antenna up or down.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_easymega_screw_terminals"></a>8.1. EasyMega Screw Terminals</h2></div></div></div><p>EasyMega has two sets of nine screw terminals on the end of
+the board opposite the telemetry antenna. They are as follows:</p><div class="table"><a id="idm45058130983408"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table 8.1. EasyMega Screw Terminals</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="EasyMega Screw Terminals" cellpadding="4px" style="border-collapse: collapse;border-top: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; border-left: 1px solid #78079a; border-right: 1px solid #78079a; "><colgroup><col class="col_1" /><col class="col_2" /><col class="col_3" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Terminal #</th><th style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Terminal Name</th><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Top 1</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Switch Input</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Switch connection to positive battery terminal</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Top 2</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Switch Output</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Switch connection to flight computer</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Top 3</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>GND</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Ground connection for use with external active switch</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Top 4</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Main -</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Main pyro channel connection to pyro circuit</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Top 5</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Main</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Main pyro channel common connection to battery</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Top 6</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Apogee -</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Apogee pyro channel connection to pyro circuit</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Top 7</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Apogee</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Apogee pyro channel common connection to battery</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Top 8</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>D -</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>D pyro channel connection to pyro circuit</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Top 9</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>D</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>D pyro channel common connection to battery</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Bottom 1</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>GND</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Ground connection for negative pyro battery terminal</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Bottom 2</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Pyro</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Positive pyro battery terminal</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Bottom 3</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Lipo</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Power switch output. Use to connect main battery to pyro battery input</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Bottom 4</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>A -</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>A pyro channel connection to pyro circuit</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Bottom 5</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>A</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>A pyro channel common connection to battery</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Bottom 6</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>B -</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>B pyro channel connection to pyro circuit</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Bottom 7</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>B</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>B pyro channel common connection to battery</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Bottom 8</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>C -</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>C pyro channel connection to pyro circuit</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Bottom 9</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>C</p></td><td style="" align="left" valign="top"><p>C pyro channel common connection to battery</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_using_a_separate_pyro_battery_with_easymega"></a>8.2. Using a Separate Pyro Battery with EasyMega</h2></div></div></div><p>EasyMega provides explicit support for an external pyro
+battery. All that is required is to remove the jumper
+between the lipo terminal (Bottom 3) and the pyro terminal
+(Bottom 2). Then hook the negative pyro battery terminal to ground
+(Bottom 1) and the positive pyro battery to the pyro battery
+input (Bottom 2). You can then use the existing pyro screw
+terminals to hook up all of the pyro charges.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_using_only_one_battery_with_easymega"></a>8.3. Using Only One Battery With EasyMega</h2></div></div></div><p>Because EasyMega has built-in support for a separate pyro
+battery, if you want to fly with just one battery running
+both the computer and firing the charges, you need to
+connect the flight computer battery to the pyro
+circuit. EasyMega has two screw terminals for this—hook a
+wire from the Lipo terminal (Bottom 3) to the Pyro terminal
+(Bottom 2).</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_using_an_active_switch_with_easymega"></a>8.4. Using an Active Switch with EasyMega</h2></div></div></div><p>As explained above, an external active switch requires three
+connections, one to the positive battery terminal, one to
+the flight computer positive input and one to ground.</p><p>The positive battery terminal is available on Top terminal
+1, the positive flight computer input is on Top terminal
+2. Ground is on Top terminal 3.</p></div></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="_installation"></a>Chapter 9. Installation</h1></div></div></div><p>A typical installation involves attaching
+only a suitable battery, a single pole switch for
+power on/off, and two pairs of wires connecting e-matches for the
+apogee and main ejection charges. All Altus Metrum products are
+designed for use with single-cell batteries with 3.7 volts
+nominal.
+TeleMini v2.0 and
+EasyMini may also be used with other
+batteries as long as they supply between 4 and 12 volts.</p><p>The battery connectors are a standard 2-pin JST connector; you
+can purchase suitable batteries from the any vendor selling
+Altus Metrum products. These batteries are
+single-cell Lithium Polymer batteries that nominally provide 3.7
+volts. Other vendors sell similar batteries for RC aircraft
+using mating connectors, however the polarity for those is
+generally reversed from the batteries used by Altus Metrum
+products. In particular, the Tenergy batteries supplied for use
+in Featherweight flight computers are not compatible with Altus
+Metrum flight computers or battery chargers.</p><div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0; margin-right: 10%;"><h3 class="title">Warning</h3><p>Check polarity and voltage before connecting any battery not
+purchased from Altus Metrum.</p></div><div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0; margin-right: 10%;"><h3 class="title">Warning</h3><p>Spark Fun sells batteries that have a matching connector with
+the correct polarity. However, these batteries include an
+integrated current limiting circuit. That circuit will cause
+the battery to shut down when firing the igniter circuit. Do
+not use these batteries unless you remove the current limiting
+circuit.</p></div><p>By default, we use the unregulated output of the battery
+directly to fire ejection charges. This works marvelously
+with standard low-current e-matches like the J-Tek from MJG
+Technologies, and with Quest Q2G2 igniters. However, if you
+want or need to use a separate pyro battery, check out
+<a class="xref" href="#_using_a_separate_pyro_battery" title="3.8. Using a Separate Pyro Battery">Section 3.8, “Using a Separate Pyro Battery”</a> for instructions on how to wire
+that up. The altimeters are designed to work with an external
+pyro battery of no more than 15 volts.</p><p>Ejection charges are wired directly to the screw terminal block
+at the aft end of the altimeter. You’ll need a very small straight
+blade screwdriver for these screws, such as you might find in a
+jeweler’s screwdriver set.</p><p>Except for TeleMini v1.0, the flight computers also use the
+screw terminal block for the power switch leads. On TeleMini v1.0,
+the power switch leads are soldered directly to the board and
+can be connected directly to a switch.</p><p>For most air-frames, the integrated antennas are more than
+adequate. However, if you are installing in a carbon-fiber or
+metal electronics bay which is opaque to RF signals, you may need to
+use off-board external antennas instead. In this case, you can
+replace the stock UHF antenna wire with an edge-launched SMA connector,
+and, on TeleMetrum v1, you can unplug the integrated GPS
+antenna and select an appropriate off-board GPS antenna with
+cable terminating in a U.FL connector.</p></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="_using_altus_metrum_products"></a>Chapter 10. Using Altus Metrum Products</h1></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_being_legal"></a>10.1. Being Legal</h2></div></div></div><p>In the US, you need an
+<a class="ulink" href="http://www.altusmetrum.org/Radio/" target="_top">amateur radio license</a>
+or other authorization to legally operate the radio
+transmitters that are part of our products.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_in_the_rocket"></a>10.2. In the Rocket</h2></div></div></div><p>In the rocket itself, you just need a flight computer
+and a single-cell, 3.7 volt nominal Li-Po rechargeable
+battery.
+An 850mAh battery weighs less than a 9V
+alkaline battery, and will run a TeleMetrum, TeleMega
+or EasyMega for hours.
+A 110mAh battery weighs less
+than a triple A battery and is a good choice for use
+with
+TeleMini or
+EasyMini.</p><p>By default, we ship TeleMini, TeleMetrum and TeleMega
+flight computers with a simple wire antenna. If your
+electronics bay or the air-frame it resides within is
+made of carbon fiber, which is opaque to RF signals,
+you may prefer to install an SMA connector so that you
+can run a coaxial cable to an antenna mounted
+elsewhere in the rocket. However, note that the GPS
+antenna is fixed on all current products, so you
+really want to install the flight computer in a bay
+made of RF-transparent materials if at all possible.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_on_the_ground"></a>10.3. On the Ground</h2></div></div></div><p>To receive the data stream from the rocket, you need
+an antenna and short feed-line connected to one of our
+<a class="ulink" href="http://www.altusmetrum.org/TeleDongle/" target="_top">TeleDongle</a>
+units. If possible, use an SMA to BNC adapter instead
+of feedline between the antenna feedpoint and
+TeleDongle, as this will give you the best
+performance. The TeleDongle in turn plugs directly
+into the USB port on a notebook computer. Because
+TeleDongle looks like a simple serial port, your
+computer does not require special device
+drivers… just plug it in.</p><p>The GUI tool, AltosUI, is written in Java and runs
+across Linux, Mac OS and Windows. There’s also a suite
+of C tools for Linux which can perform most of the
+same tasks.</p><p>Alternatively, a TeleBT attached with an SMA to BNC
+adapter at the feed point of a hand-held yagi used in
+conjunction with an Android device running AltosDroid
+makes an outstanding ground station.</p><p>After the flight,
+you can use the radio link to
+extract the more detailed data logged in either
+TeleMetrum or TeleMini devices, or
+you can use a
+USB cable to plug into the flight computer board directly.
+A USB cable is also how you
+charge the Li-Po battery, so you’ll want one of those
+anyway. The same cable used by lots of digital
+cameras and other modern electronic stuff will work
+fine.</p><p>If your rocket lands out of sight, you may enjoy
+having a hand-held GPS receiver, so that you can put
+in a way-point for the last reported rocket position
+before touch-down. This makes looking for your rocket
+a lot like Geo-Caching… just go to the way-point and
+look around starting from there. AltosDroid on an
+Android device with GPS receiver works great for this,
+too!</p><p>You may also enjoy having a ham radio “HT” that covers
+the 70cm band… you can use that with your antenna to
+direction-find the rocket on the ground the same way
+you can use a Walston or Beeline tracker. This can be
+handy if the rocket is hiding in sage brush or a tree,
+or if the last GPS position doesn’t get you close
+enough because the rocket dropped into a canyon, or
+the wind is blowing it across a dry lake bed, or
+something like that… Keith currently uses a Yaesu
+FT1D, Bdale has a Yaesu VX-7R, which is a nicer radio
+in most ways but doesn’t support APRS.</p><p>So, to recap, on the ground the hardware you’ll need includes:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem">
+an antenna and feed-line or adapter
+</li><li class="listitem">
+a TeleDongle
+</li><li class="listitem">
+a notebook computer
+</li><li class="listitem">
+optionally, a hand-held GPS receiver
+</li><li class="listitem">
+optionally, an HT or receiver covering 435 MHz
+</li></ol></div><p>The best hand-held commercial directional antennas we’ve found for radio
+direction finding rockets are from
+<a class="ulink" href="http://www.arrowantennas.com/" target="_top">Arrow Antennas</a>.</p><p>The 440-3 and 440-5 are both good choices for finding
+a TeleMetrum- or TeleMini- equipped rocket when used
+with a suitable 70cm HT. TeleDongle and an SMA to BNC
+adapter fit perfectly between the driven element and
+reflector of Arrow antennas.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_data_analysis"></a>10.4. Data Analysis</h2></div></div></div><p>Our software makes it easy to log the data from each
+flight, both the telemetry received during the flight
+itself, and the more complete data log recorded in the
+flash memory on the altimeter board. Once this data
+is on your computer, our post-flight tools make it
+easy to quickly get to the numbers everyone wants,
+like apogee altitude, max acceleration, and max
+velocity. You can also generate and view a standard
+set of plots showing the altitude, acceleration, and
+velocity of the rocket during flight. And you can
+even export a flight log in a format usable with Google
+Maps and Google Earth for visualizing the flight path
+in two or three dimensions!</p><p>Our ultimate goal is to emit a set of files for each
+flight that can be published as a web page per flight,
+or just viewed on your local disk with a web browser.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_future_plans"></a>10.5. Future Plans</h2></div></div></div><p>We have designed and prototyped several “companion
+boards” that can attach to the companion connector on
+TeleMetrum, TeleMega and EasyMega flight computers to
+collect more data, provide more pyro channels, and so
+forth. We do not yet know if or when any of these
+boards will be produced in enough quantity to sell.
+If you have specific interests for data collection or
+control of events in your rockets beyond the
+capabilities of our existing productions, please let
+us know!</p><p>Because all of our work is open, both the hardware
+designs and the software, if you have some great idea
+for an addition to the current Altus Metrum family,
+feel free to dive in and help! Or let us know what
+you’d like to see that we aren’t already working on,
+and maybe we’ll get excited about it too…</p><p>Watch our <a class="ulink" href="http://altusmetrum.org/" target="_top">web site</a> for
+more news and information as our family of products
+evolves!</p></div></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="_altosui"></a>Chapter 11. AltosUI</h1></div></div></div><div class="figure"><a id="idm45058130868928"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 11.1. AltosUI Main Window</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="altosui.png" width="414" alt="altosui.png" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>The AltosUI program provides a graphical user interface for
+interacting with the Altus Metrum product family. AltosUI can
+monitor telemetry data, configure devices and many other
+tasks. The primary interface window provides a selection of
+buttons, one for each major activity in the system. This
+chapter is split into sections, each of which documents one of
+the tasks provided from the top-level toolbar.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_monitor_flight"></a>11.1. Monitor Flight</h2></div></div></div><p>Selecting this item brings up a dialog box listing all
+of the connected TeleDongle devices. When you choose
+one of these, AltosUI will create a window to display
+telemetry data as received by the selected TeleDongle
+device.</p><div class="figure"><a id="idm45058130863296"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 11.2. Device Selection Dialog</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="device-selection.png" width="279" alt="device-selection.png" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>All telemetry data received are automatically recorded
+in suitable log files. The name of the files includes
+the current date and rocket serial and flight numbers.</p><p>The radio frequency being monitored by the TeleDongle
+device is displayed at the top of the window. You can
+configure the frequency by clicking on the frequency
+box and selecting the desired frequency. AltosUI
+remembers the last frequency selected for each
+TeleDongle and selects that automatically the next
+time you use that device.</p><p>Below the TeleDongle frequency selector, the window
+contains a few significant pieces of information about
+the altimeter providing the telemetry data stream:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+The configured call-sign
+</li><li class="listitem">
+The device serial number
+</li><li class="listitem">
+The flight number. Each altimeter remembers how
+many times it has flown.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+The rocket flight state. Each flight passes through
+several states including Pad, Boost, Fast, Coast,
+Drogue, Main and Landed.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+The Received Signal Strength Indicator value. This
+lets you know how strong a signal TeleDongle is
+receiving. At the default data rate, 38400 bps, in
+bench testing, the radio inside TeleDongle v0.2
+operates down to about -106dBm, while the v3 radio
+works down to about -111dBm. Weaker signals, or an
+environment with radio noise may cause the data to
+not be received. The packet link uses error
+detection and correction techniques which prevent
+incorrect data from being reported.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+The age of the displayed data, in seconds since the
+last successfully received telemetry packet. In
+normal operation this will stay in the low single
+digits. If the number starts counting up, then you
+are no longer receiving data over the radio link
+from the flight computer.
+</li></ul></div><p>Finally, the largest portion of the window contains a
+set of tabs, each of which contain some information
+about the rocket. They’re arranged in <span class="emphasis"><em>flight order</em></span>
+so that as the flight progresses, the selected tab
+automatically switches to display data relevant to the
+current state of the flight. You can select other tabs
+at any time. The final <span class="emphasis"><em>table</em></span> tab displays all of the
+raw telemetry values in one place in a
+spreadsheet-like format.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_launch_pad"></a>11.1.1. Launch Pad</h3></div></div></div><div class="figure"><a id="idm45058130849200"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 11.3. Monitor Flight Launch Pad View</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="launch-pad.png" width="495" alt="launch-pad.png" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>The <span class="emphasis"><em>Launch Pad</em></span> tab shows information used to decide when the
+rocket is ready for flight. The first elements include red/green
+indicators, if any of these is red, you’ll want to evaluate
+whether the rocket is ready to launch:</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">
+Battery Voltage
+</span></dt><dd>
+This indicates whether the Li-Po battery powering the
+flight computer has sufficient charge to last for
+the duration of the flight. A value of more than
+3.8V is required for a <span class="emphasis"><em>GO</em></span> status.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Apogee Igniter Voltage
+</span></dt><dd>
+This indicates whether the apogee
+igniter has continuity. If the igniter has a low
+resistance, then the voltage measured here will be close
+to the Li-Po battery voltage. A value greater than 3.2V is
+required for a <span class="emphasis"><em>GO</em></span> status.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Main Igniter Voltage
+</span></dt><dd>
+This indicates whether the main
+igniter has continuity. If the igniter has a low
+resistance, then the voltage measured here will be close
+to the Li-Po battery voltage. A value greater than 3.2V is
+required for a <span class="emphasis"><em>GO</em></span> status.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+On-board Data Logging
+</span></dt><dd>
+This indicates whether there is space remaining
+on-board to store flight data for the upcoming
+flight. If you’ve downloaded data, but failed to erase
+flights, there may not be any space left. Most of our
+flight computers can store multiple flights, depending
+on the configured maximum flight log size. TeleMini
+v1.0 stores only a single flight, so it will need to
+be downloaded and erased after each flight to capture
+data. This only affects on-board flight logging; the
+altimeter will still transmit telemetry and fire
+ejection charges at the proper times even if the
+flight data storage is full.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+GPS Locked
+</span></dt><dd>
+For a TeleMetrum or TeleMega device, this indicates
+whether the GPS receiver is currently able to compute
+position information. GPS requires at least 4
+satellites to compute an accurate position.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+GPS Ready
+</span></dt><dd>
+For a TeleMetrum or TeleMega device, this indicates
+whether GPS has reported at least 10 consecutive
+positions without losing lock. This ensures that the
+GPS receiver has reliable reception from the
+satellites.
+</dd></dl></div><p>The Launchpad tab also shows the computed launch pad
+position and altitude, averaging many reported
+positions to improve the accuracy of the fix.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_ascent"></a>11.1.2. Ascent</h3></div></div></div><div class="figure"><a id="idm45058130830016"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 11.4. Monitor Flight Ascent View</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="ascent.png" width="495" alt="ascent.png" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>This tab is shown during Boost, Fast and Coast
+phases. The information displayed here helps monitor the
+rocket as it heads towards apogee.</p><p>The height, speed, acceleration and tilt are shown along
+with the maximum values for each of them. This allows you to
+quickly answer the most commonly asked questions you’ll hear
+during flight.</p><p>The current latitude and longitude reported by the GPS are
+also shown. Note that under high acceleration, these values
+may not get updated as the GPS receiver loses position
+fix. Once the rocket starts coasting, the receiver should
+start reporting position again.</p><p>Finally, the current igniter voltages are reported as in the
+Launch Pad tab. This can help diagnose deployment failures
+caused by wiring which comes loose under high acceleration.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_descent"></a>11.1.3. Descent</h3></div></div></div><div class="figure"><a id="idm45058130823280"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 11.5. Monitor Flight Descent View</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="descent.png" width="495" alt="descent.png" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>Once the rocket has reached apogee and (we hope)
+activated the apogee charge, attention switches to
+tracking the rocket on the way back to the ground, and
+for dual-deploy flights, waiting for the main charge
+to fire.</p><p>To monitor whether the apogee charge operated
+correctly, the current descent rate is reported along
+with the current height. Good descent rates vary based
+on the choice of recovery components, but generally
+range from 15-30m/s on drogue and should be below
+10m/s when under the main parachute in a dual-deploy
+flight.</p><p>With GPS-equipped flight computers, you can locate the
+rocket in the sky using the elevation and bearing
+information to figure out where to look. Elevation is
+in degrees above the horizon. Bearing is reported in
+degrees relative to true north. Range can help figure
+out how big the rocket will appear. Ground Distance
+shows how far it is to a point directly under the
+rocket and can help figure out where the rocket is
+likely to land. Note that all of these values are
+relative to the pad location. If the elevation is near
+90°, the rocket is over the pad, not over you.</p><p>Finally, the igniter voltages are reported in this tab
+as well, both to monitor the main charge as well as to
+see what the status of the apogee charge is. Note
+that some commercial e-matches are designed to retain
+continuity even after being fired, and will continue
+to show as green or return from red to green after
+firing.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_landed"></a>11.1.4. Landed</h3></div></div></div><div class="figure"><a id="idm45058130815168"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 11.6. Monitor Flight Landed View</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="landed.png" width="495" alt="landed.png" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>Once the rocket is on the ground, attention switches
+to recovery. While the radio signal is often lost once
+the rocket is on the ground, the last reported GPS
+position is generally within a short distance of the
+actual landing location.</p><p>The last reported GPS position is reported both by
+latitude and longitude as well as a bearing and
+distance from the launch pad. The distance should give
+you a good idea of whether to walk or hitch a ride.
+Take the reported latitude and longitude and enter
+them into your hand-held GPS unit and have that
+compute a track to the landing location.</p><p>Our flight computers will continue to transmit RDF
+tones after landing, allowing you to locate the rocket
+by following the radio signal if necessary. You may
+need to get away from the clutter of the flight line,
+or even get up on a hill (or your neighbor’s RV roof)
+to receive the RDF signal.</p><p>The maximum height, speed and acceleration reported
+during the flight are displayed for your admiring
+observers. The accuracy of these immediate values
+depends on the quality of your radio link and how many
+packets were received. Recovering the on-board data
+after flight may yield more precise results.</p><p>To get more detailed information about the flight, you
+can click on the <span class="emphasis"><em>Graph Flight</em></span> button which will
+bring up a graph window for the current flight.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_table"></a>11.1.5. Table</h3></div></div></div><div class="figure"><a id="idm45058130806592"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 11.7. Monitor Flight Table View</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="table.png" width="495" alt="table.png" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>The table view shows all of the data available from the
+flight computer. Probably the most useful data on
+this tab is the detailed GPS information, which includes
+horizontal dilution of precision information, and
+information about the signal being received from the satellites.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_site_map"></a>11.1.6. Site Map</h3></div></div></div><div class="figure"><a id="idm45058130801760"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 11.8. Monitor Flight Site Map View</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="site-map.png" width="495" alt="site-map.png" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>When the TeleMetrum has a GPS fix, the Site Map tab
+will map the rocket’s position to make it easier for
+you to locate the rocket, both while it is in the air,
+and when it has landed. The rocket’s state is
+indicated by color: white for pad, red for boost, pink
+for fast, yellow for coast, light blue for drogue,
+dark blue for main, and black for landed.</p><p>The map’s default scale is approximately 3m (10ft) per
+pixel. The map can be dragged using the left mouse
+button. The map will attempt to keep the rocket
+roughly centered while data is being received.</p><p>You can adjust the style of map and the zoom level
+with buttons on the right side of the map window. You
+can draw a line on the map by moving the mouse over
+the map with a button other than the left one pressed,
+or by pressing the left button while also holding down
+the shift key. The length of the line in real-world
+units will be shown at the start of the line.</p><p>Images are fetched automatically via the Google Maps
+Static API, and cached on disk for reuse. If map
+images cannot be downloaded, the rocket’s path will be
+traced on a dark gray background instead.</p><p>You can pre-load images for your favorite launch sites
+before you leave home; check out <a class="xref" href="#_load_maps" title="11.12. Load Maps">Section 11.12, “Load Maps”</a>.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_igniter"></a>11.1.7. Igniter</h3></div></div></div><div class="figure"><a id="idm45058130793680"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 11.9. Monitor Flight Additional Igniter View</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="ignitor.png" width="495" alt="ignitor.png" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>TeleMega includes four additional programmable pyro
+channels. The Ignitor tab shows whether each of them has
+continuity. If an ignitor has a low resistance, then the
+voltage measured here will be close to the pyro battery
+voltage. A value greater than 3.2V is required for a <span class="emphasis"><em>GO</em></span>
+status.</p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_save_flight_data"></a>11.2. Save Flight Data</h2></div></div></div><p>The altimeter records flight data to its internal
+flash memory.
+Data logged on board is recorded at a much
+higher rate than the telemetry system can handle, and
+is not subject to radio drop-outs. As such, it
+provides a more complete and precise record of the
+flight.
+The <span class="emphasis"><em>Save Flight Data</em></span> button allows you to
+read the flash memory and write it to disk.</p><p>Clicking on the <span class="emphasis"><em>Save Flight Data</em></span> button brings up a
+list of connected flight computers and TeleDongle
+devices. If you select a flight computer, the flight
+data will be downloaded from that device directly.
+If you select a TeleDongle device, flight data will be
+downloaded from a flight computer over radio link via
+the specified TeleDongle. See
+<a class="xref" href="#_controlling_an_altimeter_over_the_radio_link" title="A.3. Controlling An Altimeter Over The Radio Link">Section A.3, “Controlling An Altimeter Over The Radio Link”</a> for
+more information.</p><p>After the device has been selected, a dialog showing
+the flight data saved in the device will be shown
+allowing you to select which flights to download and
+which to delete. With version 0.9 or newer firmware,
+you must erase flights in order for the space they
+consume to be reused by another flight. This prevents
+accidentally losing flight data if you neglect to
+download data before flying again. Note that if there
+is no more space available in the device, then no data
+will be recorded during the next flight.</p><p>The file name for each flight log is computed
+automatically from the recorded flight date, altimeter
+serial number and flight number information.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_replay_flight"></a>11.3. Replay Flight</h2></div></div></div><p>Select this button and you are prompted to select a flight
+record file, either a .telem file recording telemetry data or a
+.eeprom file containing flight data saved from the altimeter
+flash memory.</p><p>Once a flight record is selected, the flight monitor interface
+is displayed and the flight is re-enacted in real
+time.
+Check
+<a class="xref" href="#_monitor_flight" title="11.1. Monitor Flight">Section 11.1, “Monitor Flight”</a> to learn how this window operates.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_graph_data"></a>11.4. Graph Data</h2></div></div></div><p>Select this button and you are prompted to select a flight
+record file, either a .telem file recording telemetry data or a
+.eeprom file containing flight data saved from
+flash memory.</p><p>Note that telemetry files will generally produce poor graphs
+due to the lower sampling rate and missed telemetry packets.
+Use saved flight data in .eeprom files for graphing where possible.</p><p>Once a flight record is selected, a window with multiple tabs is
+opened.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_flight_graph"></a>11.4.1. Flight Graph</h3></div></div></div><div class="figure"><a id="idm45058130777360"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 11.10. Flight Data Graph</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="graph.png" width="495" alt="graph.png" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>By default, the graph contains acceleration (blue),
+velocity (green) and altitude (red).</p><p>The graph can be zoomed into a particular area by
+clicking and dragging down and to the right. Once
+zoomed, the graph can be reset by clicking and
+dragging up and to the left. Holding down control and
+clicking and dragging allows the graph to be panned.
+The right mouse button causes a pop-up menu to be
+displayed, giving you the option save or print the
+plot.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_configure_graph"></a>11.4.2. Configure Graph</h3></div></div></div><div class="figure"><a id="idm45058130771968"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 11.11. Flight Graph Configuration</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="graph-configure.png" width="495" alt="graph-configure.png" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>This selects which graph elements to show, and, at the
+very bottom, lets you switch between metric and
+imperial units</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_flight_statistics"></a>11.4.3. Flight Statistics</h3></div></div></div><div class="figure"><a id="idm45058130767456"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 11.12. Flight Statistics</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="graph-stats.png" width="495" alt="graph-stats.png" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>Shows overall data computed from the flight.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_map"></a>11.4.4. Map</h3></div></div></div><div class="figure"><a id="idm45058130763168"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 11.13. Flight Map</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="graph-map.png" width="495" alt="graph-map.png" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>Shows a satellite image of the flight area overlaid
+with the path of the flight. The red concentric
+circles mark the launch pad, the black concentric
+circles mark the landing location.</p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_export_data"></a>11.5. Export Data</h2></div></div></div><p>This tool takes the raw data files and makes them
+available for external analysis. When you select this
+button, you are prompted to select a flight data file,
+which can be either a .eeprom or .telem. The .eeprom
+files contain higher resolution and more continuous
+data, while .telem files contain receiver signal
+strength information. Next, a second dialog appears
+which is used to select where to write the resulting
+file.
+It has a selector to choose between CSV and KML
+file formats.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_comma_separated_value_format"></a>11.5.1. Comma Separated Value Format</h3></div></div></div><p>This is a text file containing the data in a form
+suitable for import into a spreadsheet or other
+external data analysis tool. The first few lines of
+the file contain the version and configuration
+information from the altimeter, then there is a single
+header line which labels all of the fields. All of
+these lines start with a <span class="emphasis"><em>#</em></span> character which many
+tools can be configured to skip over.</p><p>The remaining lines of the file contain the data, with
+each field separated by a comma and at least one
+space. All of the sensor values are converted to
+standard units, with the barometric data reported in
+both pressure, altitude and height above pad units.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_keyhole_markup_language_for_google_earth"></a>11.5.2. Keyhole Markup Language (for Google Earth)</h3></div></div></div><p>This is the format used by Google Earth to provide an
+overlay within that application. With this, you can
+use Google Earth to see the whole flight path
+in 3D.</p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_configure_altimeter"></a>11.6. Configure Altimeter</h2></div></div></div><div class="figure"><a id="idm45058130751680"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 11.14. Altimeter Configuration</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="configure-altimeter.png" width="324" alt="configure-altimeter.png" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>Select this button and then select either an altimeter or
+TeleDongle Device from the list provided. Selecting a TeleDongle
+device will use the radio link to configure a remote
+altimeter.</p><p>The first few lines of the dialog provide information about the
+connected device, including the product name,
+software version and hardware serial number. Below that are the
+individual configuration entries.</p><p>At the bottom of the dialog, there are four buttons:</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">
+Save
+</span></dt><dd>
+This writes any changes to the configuration parameter
+block in flash memory. If you don’t press this button,
+any changes you make will be lost.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Reset
+</span></dt><dd>
+This resets the dialog to the most recently saved
+values, erasing any changes you have made.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Reboot
+</span></dt><dd>
+This reboots the device. Use this to switch from idle
+to pad mode by rebooting once the rocket is oriented
+for flight, or to confirm changes you think you saved
+are really saved.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Close
+</span></dt><dd>
+This closes the dialog. Any unsaved changes will be
+lost.
+</dd></dl></div><p>The rest of the dialog contains the parameters to be configured.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_main_deploy_altitude"></a>11.6.1. Main Deploy Altitude</h3></div></div></div><p>This sets the altitude (above the recorded pad
+altitude) at which the <span class="emphasis"><em>main</em></span> igniter will fire. The
+drop-down menu shows some common values, but you can
+edit the text directly and choose whatever you
+like. If the apogee charge fires below this altitude,
+then the main charge will fire two seconds after the
+apogee charge fires.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_apogee_delay"></a>11.6.2. Apogee Delay</h3></div></div></div><p>When flying redundant electronics, it’s often
+important to ensure that multiple apogee charges don’t
+fire at precisely the same time, as that can over
+pressurize the apogee deployment bay and cause a
+structural failure of the air-frame. The Apogee Delay
+parameter tells the flight computer to fire the apogee
+charge a certain number of seconds after apogee has
+been detected.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_apogee_lockout"></a>11.6.3. Apogee Lockout</h3></div></div></div><p>Apogee lockout is the number of seconds after boost
+where the flight computer will not fire the apogee
+charge, even if the rocket appears to be at
+apogee. This is often called <span class="emphasis"><em>Mach Delay</em></span>, as it is
+intended to prevent a flight computer from
+unintentionally firing apogee charges due to the
+pressure spike that occurrs across a mach
+transition. Altus Metrum flight computers include a
+Kalman filter which is not fooled by this sharp
+pressure increase, and so this setting should be left
+at the default value of zero to disable it.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_frequency"></a>11.6.4. Frequency</h3></div></div></div><p>This configures which of the frequencies to use for
+both telemetry and packet command mode. Note that if
+you set this value via packet command mode, the
+TeleDongle frequency will also be automatically
+reconfigured to match so that communication will
+continue afterwards.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_rf_calibration"></a>11.6.5. RF Calibration</h3></div></div></div><p>The radios in every Altus Metrum device are calibrated
+at the factory to ensure that they transmit and
+receive on the specified frequency. If you need to
+you can adjust the calibration by changing this value.
+Do not do this without understanding what the value
+means, read the appendix on calibration and/or the
+source code for more information. To change a
+TeleDongle’s calibration, you must reprogram the unit
+completely.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_telemetry_rdf_aprs_enable"></a>11.6.6. Telemetry/RDF/APRS Enable</h3></div></div></div><p>Enables the radio for transmission during
+flight. When disabled, the radio will not
+transmit anything during flight at all.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_telemetry_baud_rate"></a>11.6.7. Telemetry baud rate</h3></div></div></div><p>This sets the modulation bit rate for data
+transmission for both telemetry and packet
+link mode. Lower bit rates will increase range
+while reducing the amount of data that can be
+sent and increasing battery consumption. All
+telemetry is done using a rate 1/2 constraint
+4 convolution code, so the actual data
+transmission rate is 1/2 of the modulation bit
+rate specified here.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_aprs_interval"></a>11.6.8. APRS Interval</h3></div></div></div><p>How often to transmit GPS information via APRS
+(in seconds). When set to zero, APRS
+transmission is disabled.
+This option is
+available on TeleMetrum v2 and TeleMega
+boards. TeleMetrum v1 boards cannot transmit
+APRS packets.
+Note that a single APRS packet
+takes nearly a full second to transmit, so
+enabling this option will prevent sending any
+other telemetry during that time.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_aprs_ssid"></a>11.6.9. APRS SSID</h3></div></div></div><p>Which SSID to report in APRS packets. By
+default, this is set to the last digit of the
+serial number, but can be configured to any
+value from 0 to 9.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_aprs_format"></a>11.6.10. APRS Format</h3></div></div></div><p>Whether to send APRS data in Compressed or
+Uncompressed format. Compressed format is
+smaller and more precise. Uncompressed
+format is older, but may work better with your
+device. The Kenwood TH-D72 only displays
+altitude information with Uncompressed
+format, while the Yaesu FT1D only displays
+altitude with Compressed format. Test before
+you fly to see which to use.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_callsign"></a>11.6.11. Callsign</h3></div></div></div><p>This sets the call sign included in each
+telemetry packet. Set this as needed to
+conform to your local radio regulations.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_maximum_flight_log_size"></a>11.6.12. Maximum Flight Log Size</h3></div></div></div><p>This sets the space (in kilobytes) allocated
+for each flight log. The available space will
+be divided into chunks of this size. A smaller
+value will allow more flights to be stored, a
+larger value will record data from longer
+flights.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_ignitor_firing_mode"></a>11.6.13. Ignitor Firing Mode</h3></div></div></div><p>This configuration parameter allows the two standard ignitor
+channels (Apogee and Main) to be used in different
+configurations.</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">
+Dual Deploy
+</span></dt><dd>
+This is the usual mode of operation; the
+<span class="emphasis"><em>apogee</em></span> channel is fired at apogee and the
+<span class="emphasis"><em>main</em></span> channel at the height above ground
+specified by the <span class="emphasis"><em>Main Deploy Altitude</em></span> during
+descent.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Redundant Apogee
+</span></dt><dd>
+This fires both channels at apogee, the
+<span class="emphasis"><em>apogee</em></span> channel first followed after a two
+second delay by the <span class="emphasis"><em>main</em></span> channel.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Redundant Main
+</span></dt><dd>
+This fires both channels at the height above
+ground specified by the Main Deploy Altitude
+setting during descent. The <span class="emphasis"><em>apogee</em></span> channel
+is fired first, followed after a two second
+delay by the <span class="emphasis"><em>main</em></span> channel.
+</dd></dl></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_pad_orientation"></a>11.6.14. Pad Orientation</h3></div></div></div><p>Because they include accelerometers,
+TeleMetrum, TeleMega and EasyMega are
+sensitive to the orientation of the board. By
+default, they expect the antenna end to point
+forward. This parameter allows that default to
+be changed, permitting the board to be mounted
+with the antenna pointing aft instead.</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">
+Antenna Up
+</span></dt><dd>
+In this mode, the antenna end of the flight
+computer must point forward, in line with the
+expected flight path.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Antenna Down
+</span></dt><dd>
+In this mode, the antenna end of the flight
+computer must point aft, in line with the
+expected flight path.
+</dd></dl></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_beeper_frequency"></a>11.6.15. Beeper Frequency</h3></div></div></div><p>The beeper on all Altus Metrum flight
+computers works best at 4000Hz, however if you
+have more than one flight computer in a single
+airframe, having all of them sound at the same
+frequency can be confusing. This parameter
+lets you adjust the base beeper frequency
+value.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_logging_trigger_motion"></a>11.6.16. Logging Trigger Motion</h3></div></div></div><p>This sets the amount of motion that TeleGPS
+needs to see before logging the new
+position. Motions smaller than this are
+skipped, which saves storage space.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_position_reporting_interval"></a>11.6.17. Position Reporting Interval</h3></div></div></div><p>The interval between TeleGPS position reports,
+both over the air and in the log. Increase
+this to reduce the frequency of radio
+transmissions and the length of time available
+in the log.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_configure_pyro_channels"></a>11.6.18. Configure Pyro Channels</h3></div></div></div><div class="figure"><a id="idm45058130694496"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 11.15. Additional Pyro Channel Configuration</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="configure-pyro.png" width="495" alt="configure-pyro.png" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>This opens a separate window to configure the
+additional pyro channels available on TeleMega
+and EasyMega. One column is presented for
+each channel. Each row represents a single
+parameter, if enabled the parameter must meet
+the specified test for the pyro channel to be
+fired.</p><p>Select conditions and set the related value;
+the pyro channel will be activated when <span class="strong"><strong>all</strong></span>
+of the conditions are met. Each pyro channel
+has a separate set of configuration values, so
+you can use different values for the same
+condition with different channels.</p><p>At the bottom of the window, the <span class="emphasis"><em>Pyro Firing
+Time</em></span> configuration sets the length of time
+(in seconds) which each of these pyro channels
+will fire for.</p><p>Once you have selected the appropriate
+configuration for all of the necessary pyro
+channels, you can save the pyro configuration
+along with the rest of the flight computer
+configuration by pressing the <span class="emphasis"><em>Save</em></span> button in
+the main Configure Flight Computer window.</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">
+Acceleration
+</span></dt><dd>
+Select a value, and then choose
+whether acceleration should be above or below
+that value. Acceleration is positive upwards,
+so accelerating towards the ground would
+produce negative numbers. Acceleration during
+descent is noisy and inaccurate, so be careful
+when using it during these phases of the
+flight.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Vertical speed
+</span></dt><dd>
+Select a value, and then
+choose whether vertical speed should be above
+or below that value. Speed is positive
+upwards, so moving towards the ground would
+produce negative numbers. Speed during descent
+is a bit noisy and so be careful when using it
+during these phases of the flight.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Height
+</span></dt><dd>
+Select a value, and then choose
+whether the height above the launch pad should
+be above or below that value.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Orientation
+</span></dt><dd>
+TeleMega and EasyMega contain a
+3-axis gyroscope and accelerometer which is
+used to measure the current angle. Note that
+this angle is not the change in angle from the
+launch pad, but rather absolute relative to
+gravity; the 3-axis accelerometer is used to
+compute the angle of the rocket on the launch
+pad and initialize the system.
+</dd></dl></div><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0; margin-right: 10%;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p>Because this value is computed by integrating
+rate gyros, it gets progressively less
+accurate as the flight goes on. It should have
+an accumulated error of less than 0.2°/second
+(after 10 seconds of flight, the error should
+be less than 2°).</p><p>The usual use of the orientation configuration
+is to ensure that the rocket is traveling
+mostly upwards when deciding whether to ignite
+air starts or additional stages. For that,
+choose a reasonable maximum angle (like 20°)
+and set the motor igniter to require an angle
+of less than that value.</p></div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">
+Flight Time
+</span></dt><dd>
+Time since boost was detected. Select a value and choose
+whether to activate the pyro channel before or after that amount of
+time.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Ascending
+</span></dt><dd>
+A simple test saying whether the rocket is going up or
+not. This is exactly equivalent to testing whether the speed is > 0.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Descending
+</span></dt><dd>
+A simple test saying whether the rocket is going down or
+not. This is exactly equivalent to testing whether the speed is < 0.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+After Motor
+</span></dt><dd>
+The flight software counts each time the rocket starts
+accelerating and then decelerating (presumably due to a motor or
+motors burning). Use this value for multi-staged or multi-airstart
+launches.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Delay
+</span></dt><dd>
+This value doesn’t perform any checks, instead it inserts a
+delay between the time when the other parameters become true and when
+the pyro channel is activated.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Flight State
+</span></dt><dd><p class="simpara">
+The flight software tracks the flight
+through a sequence of states:
+</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Boost. The motor has lit and the rocket is
+accelerating upwards.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Fast. The motor has burned out and the
+rocket is decelerating, but it is going
+faster than 200m/s.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Coast. The rocket is still moving upwards
+and decelerating, but the speed is less
+than 200m/s.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Drogue. The rocket has reached apogee and
+is heading back down, but is above the
+configured Main altitude.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Main. The rocket is still descending, and
+is below the Main altitude
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Landed. The rocket is no longer moving.
+</li></ul></div></dd></dl></div><p>You can select a state to limit when the pyro channel may activate;
+note that the check is based on when the rocket transitions <span class="strong"><strong>into</strong></span> the
+state, and so checking for “greater than Boost” means that the rocket
+is currently in boost or some later state.</p><p>When a motor burns out, the rocket enters either Fast or Coast state
+(depending on how fast it is moving). If the computer detects upwards
+acceleration again, it will move back to Boost state.</p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_configure_altosui"></a>11.7. Configure AltosUI</h2></div></div></div><div class="figure"><a id="idm45058130656608"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 11.16. Configure AltosUI Dialog</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="configure-altosui.png" width="216" alt="configure-altosui.png" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>This button presents a dialog so that you can
+configure the AltosUI global settings.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_voice_settings"></a>11.7.1. Voice Settings</h3></div></div></div><p>AltosUI provides voice announcements during
+flight so that you can keep your eyes on the
+sky and still get information about the
+current flight status. However, sometimes you
+don’t want to hear them.</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">
+Enable
+</span></dt><dd>
+Turns all voice announcements on and off
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Test Voice
+</span></dt><dd>
+Plays a short message allowing you to verify
+that the audio system is working and the volume settings
+are reasonable
+</dd></dl></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_log_directory"></a>11.7.2. Log Directory</h3></div></div></div><p>AltosUI logs all telemetry data and saves all
+flash data to this directory. This
+directory is also used as the staring point
+when selecting data files for display or
+export.</p><p>Click on the directory name to bring up a
+directory choosing dialog, select a new
+directory and click <span class="emphasis"><em>Select Directory</em></span> to
+change where AltosUI reads and writes data
+files.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_callsign_2"></a>11.7.3. Callsign</h3></div></div></div><p>This value is transmitted in each command
+packet sent from TeleDongle and received from
+an altimeter. It is not used in telemetry
+mode, as the callsign configured in the
+altimeter board is included in all telemetry
+packets. Configure this with the AltosUI
+operators call sign as needed to comply with
+your local radio regulations.</p><p>Note that to successfully command a flight
+computer over the radio (to configure the
+altimeter, monitor idle, or fire pyro
+charges), the callsign configured here must
+exactly match the callsign configured in the
+flight computer. This matching is case
+sensitive.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_imperial_units"></a>11.7.4. Imperial Units</h3></div></div></div><p>This switches between metric units (meters)
+and imperial units (feet and miles). This
+affects the display of values use during
+flight monitoring, configuration, data
+graphing and all of the voice
+announcements. It does not change the units
+used when exporting to CSV files, those are
+always produced in metric units.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_serial_debug"></a>11.7.5. Serial Debug</h3></div></div></div><p>This causes all communication with a connected
+device to be dumped to the console from which
+AltosUI was started. If you’ve started it from
+an icon or menu entry, the output will simply
+be discarded. This mode can be useful to debug
+various serial communication issues.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_font_size"></a>11.7.6. Font size</h3></div></div></div><p>Selects the set of fonts used in the flight
+monitor window. Choose between the small,
+medium and large sets.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_look_amp_feel"></a>11.7.7. Look & feel</h3></div></div></div><p>Switches between the available Java user
+interface appearances. The default selection
+is supposed to match the native window system
+appearance for the target platform.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_menu_position"></a>11.7.8. Menu position</h3></div></div></div><p>Selects the initial position for the main
+AltosUI window that includes all of the
+command buttons.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_map_cache_size"></a>11.7.9. Map Cache Size</h3></div></div></div><p>Sets the number of map <span class="emphasis"><em>tiles</em></span> kept in memory
+while the application is running. More tiles
+consume more memory, but will make panning
+around the map faster.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_manage_frequencies"></a>11.7.10. Manage Frequencies</h3></div></div></div><p>This brings up a dialog where you can
+configure the set of frequencies shown in the
+various frequency menus. You can add as many
+as you like, or even reconfigure the default
+set. Changing this list does not affect the
+frequency settings of any devices, it only
+changes the set of frequencies shown in the
+menus.</p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_configure_groundstation"></a>11.8. Configure Groundstation</h2></div></div></div><div class="figure"><a id="idm45058130628688"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 11.17. Configure Groundstation Dialog</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="configure-groundstation.png" width="279" alt="configure-groundstation.png" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>Select this button and then select a TeleDongle or
+TeleBT Device from the list provided.</p><p>The first few lines of the dialog provide information
+about the connected device, including the product
+name, software version and hardware serial
+number. Below that are the individual configuration
+entries.</p><p>Note that TeleDongle and TeleBT don’t save any
+configuration data, the settings here are recorded on
+the local machine in the Java preferences
+database. Moving the device to another machine, or
+using a different user account on the same machine
+will cause settings made here to have no effect.</p><p>At the bottom of the dialog, there are three
+buttons:</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">
+Save
+</span></dt><dd>
+This writes any changes to the local Java
+preferences file. If you don’t press this
+button, any changes you make will be lost.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Reset
+</span></dt><dd>
+This resets the dialog to the most recently
+saved values, erasing any changes you have
+made.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Close
+</span></dt><dd>
+This closes the dialog. Any unsaved changes
+will be lost.
+</dd></dl></div><p>The rest of the dialog contains the parameters
+to be configured.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_frequency_2"></a>11.8.1. Frequency</h3></div></div></div><p>This configures the frequency to use for both
+telemetry and packet command mode. Set this
+before starting any operation involving packet
+command mode so that it will use the right
+frequency. Telemetry monitoring mode also
+provides a menu to change the frequency, and
+that menu also sets the same Java preference
+value used here.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_rf_calibration_2"></a>11.8.2. RF Calibration</h3></div></div></div><p>The radios in every Altus Metrum device are
+calibrated at the factory to ensure that they
+transmit and receive on the specified
+frequency. To change a TeleDongle or TeleBT’s
+calibration, you must reprogram the unit
+completely, so this entry simply shows the
+current value and doesn’t allow any changes.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_telemetry_rate"></a>11.8.3. Telemetry Rate</h3></div></div></div><p>This lets you match the telemetry and packet
+link rate from the transmitter. If they don’t
+match, the device won’t receive any data.</p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_flash_image"></a>11.9. Flash Image</h2></div></div></div><p>This reprograms Altus Metrum devices with new
+firmware.
+TeleMetrum v1.x, TeleDongle v0.2, TeleMini
+and TeleBT are all reprogrammed by using another
+similar unit as a programming dongle (pair
+programming).
+TeleMega, EasyMega, TeleMetrum v2,
+EasyMini and TeleDongle v3 are all
+programmed directly
+over USB (self programming). Please read
+the directions for flashing devices in
+<a class="xref" href="#_updating_device_firmware" title="Appendix C. Updating Device Firmware">Appendix C, <em>Updating Device Firmware</em></a>.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_fire_igniter"></a>11.10. Fire Igniter</h2></div></div></div><div class="figure"><a id="idm45058130608144"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 11.18. Fire Igniter Window</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="fire-igniter.png" width="108" alt="fire-igniter.png" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>This activates the igniter circuits in the flight
+computer to help test recovery systems
+deployment.
+Because this command can operate over the
+Packet Command Link, you can prepare the rocket as for
+flight and then test the recovery system without
+needing to snake wires inside the air-frame.</p><p>Selecting the <span class="emphasis"><em>Fire Igniter</em></span> button brings up the
+usual device selection dialog. Pick the desired
+device. This brings up another window which shows the
+current continuity test status for all of the pyro
+channels.</p><p>Next, select the desired igniter to fire. This will
+enable the <span class="emphasis"><em>Arm</em></span> button.</p><p>Select the <span class="emphasis"><em>Arm</em></span> button. This enables the <span class="emphasis"><em>Fire</em></span>
+button. The word <span class="emphasis"><em>Arm</em></span> is replaced by a countdown
+timer indicating that you have 10 seconds to press the
+<span class="emphasis"><em>Fire</em></span> button or the system will deactivate, at which
+point you start over again at selecting the desired
+igniter.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_scan_channels"></a>11.11. Scan Channels</h2></div></div></div><div class="figure"><a id="idm45058130598992"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 11.19. Scan Channels Window</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="scan-channels.png" width="288" alt="scan-channels.png" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>This listens for telemetry packets on all of the
+configured frequencies, displaying information about
+each device it receives a packet from. You can select
+which of the baud rates and telemetry formats should
+be tried; by default, it only listens at 38400 baud
+with the standard telemetry format used in v1.0 and
+later firmware.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_load_maps"></a>11.12. Load Maps</h2></div></div></div><div class="figure"><a id="idm45058130594176"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 11.20. Load Maps Window</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="load-maps.png" width="468" alt="load-maps.png" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>Before heading out to a new launch site, you can use
+this to load satellite images in case you don’t have
+internet connectivity at the site.</p><p>There’s a drop-down menu of launch sites we know
+about; if your favorites aren’t there, please let us
+know the lat/lon and name of the site. The contents of
+this list are actually downloaded from our server at
+run-time, so as new sites are sent in, they’ll get
+automatically added to this list. If the launch site
+isn’t in the list, you can manually enter the lat/lon
+values</p><p>There are four different kinds of maps you can view;
+you can select which to download by selecting as many
+as you like from the available types:</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">
+Hybrid
+</span></dt><dd>
+A combination of satellite imagery and road data. This
+is the default view.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Satellite
+</span></dt><dd>
+Just the satellite imagery without any annotation.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Roadmap
+</span></dt><dd>
+Roads, political boundaries and a few geographic
+features.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Terrain
+</span></dt><dd>
+Contour intervals and shading that show hills and
+valleys.
+</dd></dl></div><p>You can specify the range of zoom levels to download;
+smaller numbers show more area with less
+resolution. The default level, 0, shows about
+3m/pixel. One zoom level change doubles or halves that
+number. Larger zoom levels show more detail, smaller
+zoom levels less.</p><p>The Map Radius value sets how large an area around the
+center point to download. Select a value large enough
+to cover any plausible flight from that site. Be aware
+that loading a large area with a high maximum zoom
+level can attempt to download a lot of data. Loading
+hybrid maps with a 10km radius at a minimum zoom of -2
+and a maximum zoom of 2 consumes about 120MB of
+space. Terrain and road maps consume about 1/10 as
+much space as satellite or hybrid maps.</p><p>Clicking the <span class="emphasis"><em>Load Map</em></span> button will fetch images from
+Google Maps; note that Google limits how many images
+you can fetch at once, so if you load more than one
+launch site, you may get some gray areas in the map
+which indicate that Google is tired of sending data to
+you. Try again later.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_monitor_idle"></a>11.13. Monitor Idle</h2></div></div></div><div class="figure"><a id="idm45058130577728"></a><p class="title"><strong>Figure 11.21. Monitor Idle Window</strong></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="monitor-idle.png" width="468" alt="monitor-idle.png" /></div></div></div><br class="figure-break" /><p>This brings up a dialog similar to the Monitor Flight
+UI, except it works with the altimeter in “idle” mode
+by sending query commands to discover the current
+state rather than listening for telemetry
+packets. Because this uses command mode, it needs to
+have the TeleDongle and flight computer callsigns
+match exactly. If you can receive telemetry, but
+cannot manage to run Monitor Idle, then it’s very
+likely that your callsigns are different in some way.</p><p>You can change the frequency and callsign used to
+communicate with the flight computer; they must both
+match the configuration in the flight computer
+exactly.</p></div></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="_altosdroid"></a>Chapter 12. AltosDroid</h1></div></div></div><p>AltosDroid provides the same flight monitoring capabilities as
+AltosUI, but runs on Android devices. AltosDroid is designed
+to connect to a TeleBT receiver over Bluetooth™ and (on
+Android devices supporting USB On-the-go) TeleDongle and
+TeleBT devices over USB. AltosDroid monitors telemetry data,
+logging it to internal storage in the Android device, and
+presents that data in a UI similar to the <span class="emphasis"><em>Monitor Flight</em></span>
+window in AltosUI.</p><p>This manual will explain how to configure AltosDroid, connect
+to TeleBT or TeleDongle, operate the flight monitoring
+interface and describe what the displayed data means.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_installing_altosdroid"></a>12.1. Installing AltosDroid</h2></div></div></div><p>AltosDroid is available from the Google Play store. To
+install it on your Android device, open the Google
+Play Store application and search for
+“altosdroid”. Make sure you don’t have a space between
+“altos” and “droid” or you probably won’t find what
+you want. That should bring you to the right page from
+which you can download and install the application.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_charging_telebt_battery"></a>12.2. Charging TeleBT Battery</h2></div></div></div><p>Before using TeleBT with AltosDroid, make sure the
+internal TeleBT battery is charged. To do this,
+attach a micro USB cable from a computer or other USB
+power source to TeleBT. A dual LED on the circuit
+board should illuminate, showing red while the battery
+is charging, green when charging is completed, and
+both red and green on at the same time if there is a
+battery fault.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_connecting_to_telebt_over_bluetooth"></a>12.3. Connecting to TeleBT over Bluetooth™</h2></div></div></div><p>Press the Android <span class="emphasis"><em>Menu</em></span> button or soft-key to see the
+configuration options available. Select the <span class="emphasis"><em>Connect a
+device</em></span> option and then the <span class="emphasis"><em>Scan for devices</em></span> entry
+at the bottom to look for your TeleBT device. Select
+your device, and when it asks for the code, enter
+<span class="emphasis"><em>1234</em></span>.</p><p>Subsequent connections will not require you to enter
+that code, and your <span class="emphasis"><em>paired</em></span> device will appear in the
+list without scanning.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_connecting_to_teledongle_or_telebt_over_usb"></a>12.4. Connecting to TeleDongle or TeleBT over USB</h2></div></div></div><p>Get a special USB On-the-go adapter cable. These
+cables have a USB micro-B male connector on one end
+and a standard A female connector on the other
+end. Plug in your TeleDongle or TeleBT device to the
+adapter cable and the adapter cable into your phone
+and AltosDroid should automatically start up. If it
+doesn’t, the most likely reason is that your Android
+device doesn’t support USB On-the-go.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_configuring_altosdroid"></a>12.5. Configuring AltosDroid</h2></div></div></div><p>There are several configuration and operation
+parameters available in the AltosDroid menu.</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">
+Select radio frequency
+</span></dt><dd>
+This selects which frequency to listen on by bringing
+up a menu of pre-set radio frequencies. Pick the one
+which matches your altimeter.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Select data rate
+</span></dt><dd>
+Altus Metrum transmitters can be configured to operate
+at lower data rates to improve transmission range. If
+you have configured your device to do this, this menu
+item allows you to change the receiver to match.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Change units
+</span></dt><dd>
+This toggles between metric and imperial units.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Load maps
+</span></dt><dd>
+Brings up a dialog allowing you to download offline
+map tiles so that you can have maps available even if
+you have no network connectivity at the launch site.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Map type
+</span></dt><dd>
+Displays a menu of map types and lets you select
+one. Hybrid maps include satellite images with a
+roadmap overlaid. Satellite maps dispense with the
+roadmap overlay. Roadmap shows just the roads. Terrain
+includes roads along with shadows indicating changes
+in elevation, and other geographical features.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Toggle Online/Offline maps
+</span></dt><dd>
+Switches between online and offline maps. Online maps
+will show a <span class="emphasis"><em>move to current position</em></span> icon in the
+upper right corner, while offline maps will have
+copyright information all over the map. Otherwise,
+they’re pretty similar.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Select Tracker
+</span></dt><dd>
+Switches the information displays to show data for a
+different transmitting device. The map will always
+show all of the devices in view. Trackers are shown
+and selected by serial number, so make sure you note
+the serial number of devices in each airframe.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Delete Track
+</span></dt><dd>
+Deletes all information about a transmitting device.
+</dd></dl></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_altosdroid_flight_monitoring"></a>12.6. AltosDroid Flight Monitoring</h2></div></div></div><p>AltosDroid is designed to mimic the AltosUI flight
+monitoring display, providing separate tabs for each
+stage of your rocket flight along with a tab
+containing a map of the local area with icons marking
+the current location of the altimeter and the Android
+device.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_pad"></a>12.7. Pad</h2></div></div></div><p>The <span class="emphasis"><em>Pad</em></span> tab shows information used to decide when
+the rocket is ready for flight. The first elements
+include red/green indicators, if any of these is red,
+you’ll want to evaluate whether the rocket is ready to
+launch.</p><p>When the pad tab is selected, the voice responses will
+include status changes to the igniters and GPS
+reception, letting you know if the rocket is still
+ready for launch.</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">
+Battery
+</span></dt><dd>
+This indicates whether the Li-Po battery powering the
+transmitter has sufficient charge to last for the
+duration of the flight. A value of more than 3.8V is
+required for a <span class="emphasis"><em>GO</em></span> status.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Receiver Battery
+</span></dt><dd>
+This indicates whether the Li-Po battery powering the
+TeleBT has sufficient charge to last for the duration
+of the flight. A value of more than 3.8V is required
+for a <span class="emphasis"><em>GO</em></span> status.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Data Logging
+</span></dt><dd>
+This indicates whether there is space remaining
+on-board to store flight data for the upcoming
+flight. If you’ve downloaded data, but failed to erase
+flights, there may not be any space left. TeleMetrum
+and TeleMega can store multiple flights, depending on
+the configured maximum flight log size. TeleGPS logs
+data continuously. TeleMini stores only a single
+flight, so it will need to be downloaded and erased
+after each flight to capture data. This only affects
+on-board flight logging; the altimeter will still
+transmit telemetry and fire ejection charges at the
+proper times.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+GPS Locked
+</span></dt><dd>
+For a TeleMetrum or TeleMega device, this indicates
+whether the GPS receiver is currently able to compute
+position information. GPS requires at least 4
+satellites to compute an accurate position.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+GPS Ready
+</span></dt><dd>
+For a TeleMetrum or TeleMega device, this indicates
+whether GPS has reported at least 10 consecutive
+positions without losing lock. This ensures that the
+GPS receiver has reliable reception from the
+satellites.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Apogee Igniter
+</span></dt><dd>
+This indicates whether the apogee igniter has
+continuity. If the igniter has a low resistance, then
+the voltage measured here will be close to the Li-Po
+battery voltage. A value greater than 3.2V is required
+for a <span class="emphasis"><em>GO</em></span> status.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Main Igniter
+</span></dt><dd>
+This indicates whether the main igniter has
+continuity. If the igniter has a low resistance, then
+the voltage measured here will be close to the Li-Po
+battery voltage. A value greater than 3.2V is required
+for a <span class="emphasis"><em>GO</em></span> status.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Igniter A-D
+</span></dt><dd>
+This indicates whether the indicated additional pyro
+channel igniter has continuity. If the igniter has a
+low resistance, then the voltage measured here will be
+close to the Li-Po battery voltage. A value greater
+than 3.2V is required for a <span class="emphasis"><em>GO</em></span> status.
+</dd></dl></div><p>The Pad tab also shows the location of the Android
+device.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_flight"></a>12.8. Flight</h2></div></div></div><p>The <span class="emphasis"><em>Flight</em></span> tab shows information used to evaluate
+and spot a rocket while in flight. It displays speed
+and height data to monitor the health of the rocket,
+along with elevation, range and bearing to help locate
+the rocket in the sky.</p><p>While the Flight tab is displayed, the voice
+announcements will include current speed, height,
+elevation and bearing information.</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">
+Speed
+</span></dt><dd>
+Shows current vertical speed. During descent, the
+speed values are averaged over a fairly long time to
+try and make them steadier.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Height
+</span></dt><dd>
+Shows the current height above the launch pad.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Max Speed
+</span></dt><dd>
+Shows the maximum vertical speed seen during the
+flight.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Max Height
+</span></dt><dd>
+Shows the maximum height above launch pad.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Elevation
+</span></dt><dd>
+This is the angle above the horizon from the android
+devices current position.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Range
+</span></dt><dd>
+The total distance from the android device to the
+rocket, including both ground distance and difference
+in altitude. Use this to gauge how large the rocket is
+likely to appear in the sky.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Bearing
+</span></dt><dd>
+This is the aziumuth from true north for the rocket
+from the android device. Use this in combination with
+the Elevation value to help locate the rocket in the
+sky, or at least to help point the antenna in the
+general direction. This is provided in both degrees
+and a compass point (like West South West). You’ll
+want to know which direction is true north before
+launching your rocket.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Ground Distance
+</span></dt><dd>
+This shows the distance across the ground to the
+lat/lon where the rocket is located. Use this to
+estimate what is currently under the rocket.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Latitude/Longitude
+</span></dt><dd>
+Displays the last known location of the rocket.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Apogee Igniter
+</span></dt><dd>
+This indicates whether the apogee igniter has
+continuity. If the igniter has a low resistance, then
+the voltage measured here will be close to the Li-Po
+battery voltage. A value greater than 3.2V is required
+for a <span class="emphasis"><em>GO</em></span> status.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Main Igniter
+</span></dt><dd>
+This indicates whether the main igniter has
+continuity. If the igniter has a low resistance, then
+the voltage measured here will be close to the Li-Po
+battery voltage. A value greater than 3.2V is required
+for a <span class="emphasis"><em>GO</em></span> status.
+</dd></dl></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_recover"></a>12.9. Recover</h2></div></div></div><p>The <span class="emphasis"><em>Recover</em></span> tab shows information used while
+recovering the rocket on the ground after flight.</p><p>While the Recover tab is displayed, the voice
+announcements will include distance along with either
+bearing or direction, depending on whether you are
+moving.</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">
+Bearing
+</span></dt><dd>
+This is the aziumuth from true north for the rocket
+from the android device. Use this in combination with
+the Elevation value to help locate the rocket in the
+sky, or at least to help point the antenna in the
+general direction. This is provided in both degrees
+and a compass point (like West South West). You’ll
+want to know which direction is true north before
+launching your rocket.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Direction
+</span></dt><dd>
+When you are in motion, this provides the angle from
+your current direction of motion towards the rocket.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Distance
+</span></dt><dd>
+Distance over the ground to the rocket.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Tar Lat/Tar Lon
+</span></dt><dd>
+Displays the last known location of the rocket.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+My Lat/My Lon
+</span></dt><dd>
+Displays the location of the Android device.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Max Height
+</span></dt><dd>
+Shows the maximum height above launch pad.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Max Speed
+</span></dt><dd>
+Shows the maximum vertical speed seen during the
+flight.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+Max Accel
+</span></dt><dd>
+Shows the maximum vertical acceleration seen during
+the flight.
+</dd></dl></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_map_2"></a>12.10. Map</h2></div></div></div><p>The <span class="emphasis"><em>Map</em></span> tab shows a map of the area around the
+rocket being tracked along with information needed to
+recover it.</p><p>On the map itself, icons showing the location of the
+android device along with the last known location of
+each tracker. A blue line is drawn from the android
+device location to the currently selected tracker.</p><p>Below the map, the distance and either bearing or
+direction along with the lat/lon of the target and the
+android device are shown</p><p>The Map tab provides the same voice announcements as
+the Recover tab.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_downloading_flight_logs"></a>12.11. Downloading Flight Logs</h2></div></div></div><p>AltosDroid always saves every bit of telemetry data it
+receives. To download that to a computer for use with
+AltosUI, remove the SD card from your Android device,
+or connect your device to your computer’s USB port and
+browse the files on that device. You will find
+<span class="emphasis"><em>.telem</em></span> files in the TeleMetrum directory that will
+work with AltosUI directly.</p></div></div><div class="appendix"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="_system_operation"></a>Appendix A. System Operation</h1></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_firmware_modes"></a>A.1. Firmware Modes</h2></div></div></div><p>The AltOS firmware build for the altimeters has two
+fundamental modes, “idle” and “flight”. Which of these modes
+the firmware operates in is determined at start up
+time.
+For
+TeleMetrum, TeleMega and EasyMega, which have accelerometers, the mode is
+controlled by the orientation of the
+rocket (well, actually the board, of course…) at the time
+power is switched on. If the rocket is “nose up”, then
+the flight computer assumes it’s on a rail or rod being prepared for
+launch, so the firmware chooses flight mode. However, if the
+rocket is more or less horizontal, the firmware instead enters
+idle mode.
+Since
+EasyMini doesn’t
+have an
+accelerometer we can use to determine orientation, “idle” mode
+is selected if the board is connected via USB to a computer,
+otherwise the board enters “flight” mode.
+TeleMini v1.0
+selects “idle” mode if it receives a command packet within the
+first five seconds of operation.</p><p>At power on, the altimeter will beep out the battery voltage
+to the nearest tenth of a volt. Each digit is represented by
+a sequence of short “dit” beeps, with a pause between
+digits. A zero digit is represented with one long “dah”
+beep. Then there will be a short pause while the altimeter
+completes initialization and self test, and decides which mode
+to enter next.</p><p>In flight or “pad” mode, the altimeter engages the flight
+state machine, goes into transmit-only mode to send telemetry,
+and waits for launch to be detected. Flight mode is indicated
+by an “di-dah-dah-dit” (“P” for pad) on the beeper or lights,
+followed by beeps or flashes indicating the state of the
+pyrotechnic igniter continuity. One beep/flash indicates
+apogee continuity, two beeps/flashes indicate main continuity,
+three beeps/flashes indicate both apogee and main continuity,
+and one longer “brap” sound which is made by rapidly
+alternating between two tones indicates no continuity. For a
+dual deploy flight, make sure you’re getting three beeps or
+flashes before launching! For apogee-only or motor eject
+flights, do what makes sense.</p><p>If idle mode is entered, you will hear an audible “di-dit” or
+see two short flashes (“I” for idle), and the flight state
+machine is disengaged, thus no ejection charges will fire.
+The altimeters also listen for the radio link when in idle
+mode for requests sent via TeleDongle. Commands can be issued
+in idle mode over either USB or the radio link
+equivalently.
+TeleMini v1.0 only has the radio link.
+Idle mode is useful for configuring the altimeter, for
+extracting data from the on-board storage chip after
+flight, and for ground testing pyro charges.</p><p>In “Idle” and “Pad” modes, once the mode indication
+beeps/flashes and continuity indication has been sent, if
+there is no space available to log the flight in on-board
+memory, the flight computer will emit a warbling tone (much
+slower than the “no continuity tone”)</p><p>See <a class="xref" href="#_understanding_beeps" title="3.5. Understanding Beeps">Section 3.5, “Understanding Beeps”</a> for a summary of all of
+the audio signals used.</p><p>Once landed, the flight computer will signal that by emitting
+the “Landed” sound described above, after which it will beep
+out the apogee height (in meters). Each digit is represented
+by a sequence of short “dit” beeps, with a pause between
+digits. A zero digit is represented with one long “dah”
+beep. The flight computer will continue to report landed mode
+and beep out the maximum height until turned off.</p><p>One “neat trick” of particular value when TeleMetrum, TeleMega
+or EasyMega are used with
+very large air-frames, is that you can power the board up while the
+rocket is horizontal, such that it comes up in idle mode. Then you can
+raise the air-frame to launch position, and issue a <span class="emphasis"><em>reset</em></span> command
+via TeleDongle over the radio link to cause the altimeter to reboot and
+come up in flight mode. This is much safer than standing on the top
+step of a rickety step-ladder or hanging off the side of a launch
+tower with a screw-driver trying to turn on your avionics before
+installing igniters!</p><p>TeleMini v1.0 is configured solely via the radio link. Of course, that
+means you need to know the TeleMini radio configuration values
+or you won’t be able to communicate with it. For situations
+when you don’t have the radio configuration values, TeleMini v1.0
+offers an <span class="emphasis"><em>emergency recovery</em></span> mode. In this mode, TeleMini is
+configured as follows:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Sets the radio frequency to 434.550MHz
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Sets the radio calibration back to the factory value.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Sets the callsign to N0CALL
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Does not go to <span class="emphasis"><em>pad</em></span> mode after five seconds.
+</li></ul></div><p>To get into <span class="emphasis"><em>emergency recovery</em></span> mode, first find the row of
+four small holes opposite the switch wiring. Using a short
+piece of small gauge wire, connect the outer two holes
+together, then power TeleMini up. Once the red LED is lit,
+disconnect the wire and the board should signal that it’s in
+<span class="emphasis"><em>idle</em></span> mode after the initial five second startup
+period.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_gps"></a>A.2. GPS</h2></div></div></div><p>TeleMetrum and TeleMega include a complete GPS receiver. A
+complete explanation of how GPS works is beyond the scope of
+this manual, but the bottom line is that the GPS receiver
+needs to lock onto at least four satellites to obtain a solid
+3 dimensional position fix and know what time it is.</p><p>The flight computers provide backup power to the GPS chip any time a
+battery is connected. This allows the receiver to “warm start” on
+the launch rail much faster than if every power-on were a GPS
+“cold start”. In typical operations, powering up
+on the flight line in idle mode while performing final air-frame
+preparation will be sufficient to allow the GPS receiver to cold
+start and acquire lock. Then the board can be powered down during
+RSO review and installation on a launch rod or rail. When the board
+is turned back on, the GPS system should lock very quickly, typically
+long before igniter installation and return to the flight line are
+complete.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_controlling_an_altimeter_over_the_radio_link"></a>A.3. Controlling An Altimeter Over The Radio Link</h2></div></div></div><p>One of the unique features of the Altus Metrum system is the
+ability to create a two way command link between TeleDongle
+and an altimeter using the digital radio transceivers
+built into each device. This allows you to interact with the
+altimeter from afar, as if it were directly connected to the
+computer.</p><p>Any operation which can be performed with a flight computer can
+either be done with the device directly connected to the
+computer via the USB cable, or through the radio
+link. TeleMini v1.0 doesn’t provide a USB connector and so it is
+always communicated with over radio. Select the appropriate
+TeleDongle device when the list of devices is presented and
+AltosUI will interact with an altimeter over the radio link.</p><p>One oddity in the current interface is how AltosUI selects the
+frequency for radio communications. Instead of providing
+an interface to specifically configure the frequency, it uses
+whatever frequency was most recently selected for the target
+TeleDongle device in Monitor Flight mode. If you haven’t ever
+used that mode with the TeleDongle in question, select the
+Monitor Flight button from the top level UI, and pick the
+appropriate TeleDongle device. Once the flight monitoring
+window is open, select the desired frequency and then close it
+down again. All radio communications will now use that frequency.</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Save Flight Data—Recover flight data from the
+rocket without opening it up.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Configure altimeter apogee delays, main deploy
+heights and additional pyro event conditions to
+respond to changing launch conditions. You can also
+<span class="emphasis"><em>reboot</em></span> the altimeter. Use this to remotely enable
+the flight computer by turning TeleMetrum or
+TeleMega on in “idle” mode, then once the air-frame
+is oriented for launch, you can reboot the
+altimeter and have it restart in pad mode without
+having to climb the scary ladder.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Fire Igniters—Test your deployment charges without snaking
+wires out through holes in the air-frame. Simply assemble the
+rocket as if for flight with the apogee and main charges
+loaded, then remotely command the altimeter to fire the
+igniters.
+</li></ul></div><p>Operation over the radio link for configuring an
+altimeter, ground testing igniters, and so forth uses
+the same RF frequencies as flight telemetry. To
+configure the desired TeleDongle frequency, select the
+monitor flight tab, then use the frequency selector
+and close the window before performing other desired
+radio operations.</p><p>The flight computers only enable radio commanding in
+<span class="emphasis"><em>idle</em></span> mode. TeleMetrum and TeleMega use the
+accelerometer to detect which orientation they start
+up in, so make sure you have the flight computer lying
+horizontally when you turn it on. Otherwise, it will
+start in <span class="emphasis"><em>pad</em></span> mode ready for flight, and will not be
+listening for command packets from TeleDongle.</p><p>TeleMini listens for a command packet for five seconds
+after first being turned on, if it doesn’t hear
+anything, it enters <span class="emphasis"><em>pad</em></span> mode, ready for flight and
+will no longer listen for command packets. The easiest
+way to connect to TeleMini is to initiate the command
+and select the TeleDongle device. At this point, the
+TeleDongle will be attempting to communicate with the
+TeleMini. Now turn TeleMini on, and it should
+immediately start communicating with the TeleDongle
+and the desired operation can be performed.</p><p>You can monitor the operation of the radio link by watching the
+lights on the devices. The red LED will flash each time a packet
+is transmitted, while the green LED will light up on TeleDongle when
+it is waiting to receive a packet from the altimeter.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_ground_testing"></a>A.4. Ground Testing</h2></div></div></div><p>An important aspect of preparing a rocket using electronic deployment
+for flight is ground testing the recovery system.
+Thanks
+to the bi-directional radio link central to the Altus Metrum system,
+this can be accomplished in a TeleMega, TeleMetrum or TeleMini equipped rocket
+with less work than you may be accustomed to with other systems. It
+can even be fun!</p><p>Just prep the rocket for flight, then power up the altimeter
+in “idle”
+mode (placing air-frame horizontal for TeleMetrum or TeleMega, or
+selecting the Configure Altimeter tab for TeleMini).
+This will cause
+the firmware to go into “idle” mode, in which the normal flight
+state machine is disabled and charges will not fire without
+manual command.
+You can now command the altimeter to fire the apogee
+or main charges from a safe distance using your
+computer and the Fire Igniter tab to complete ejection testing.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_radio_link"></a>A.5. Radio Link</h2></div></div></div><p>TeleMetrum, TeleMini and TeleMega all incorporate an
+RF transceiver, but it’s not a full duplex system;
+each end can only be transmitting or receiving at any
+given moment. So we had to decide how to manage the
+link.</p><p>By design, the altimeter firmware listens for the
+radio link when it’s in “idle mode”, which allows us
+to use the radio link to configure the rocket, do
+things like ejection tests, and extract data after a
+flight without having to crack open the air-frame.
+However, when the board is in “flight mode”, the
+altimeter only transmits and doesn’t listen at all.
+That’s because we want to put ultimate priority on
+event detection and getting telemetry out of the
+rocket through the radio in case the rocket crashes
+and we aren’t able to extract data later.</p><p>We don’t generally use a <span class="emphasis"><em>normal packet radio</em></span> mode
+like APRS because they’re just too inefficient. The
+GFSK modulation we use is FSK with the base-band
+pulses passed through a Gaussian filter before they go
+into the modulator to limit the transmitted bandwidth.
+When combined with forward error correction and
+interleaving, this allows us to have a very robust
+19.2 kilobit data link with only 10-40 milliwatts of
+transmit power, a whip antenna in the rocket, and a
+hand-held Yagi on the ground. We’ve had flights to
+above 21k feet AGL with great reception, and
+calculations suggest we should be good to well over
+40k feet AGL with a 5-element yagi on the ground with
+our 10mW units and over 100k feet AGL with the 40mW
+devices. We hope to fly boards to higher altitudes
+over time, and would of course appreciate customer
+feedback on performance in higher altitude flights!</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_aprs"></a>A.6. APRS</h2></div></div></div><p>TeleMetrum v2.0 and TeleMega can send APRS if desired, and the
+interval between APRS packets can be configured. As each APRS
+packet takes a full second to transmit, we recommend an
+interval of at least 5 seconds to avoid consuming too much
+battery power or radio channel bandwidth. You can configure
+the APRS interval using AltosUI; that process is described in
+<a class="xref" href="#_configure_altimeter" title="11.6. Configure Altimeter">Section 11.6, “Configure Altimeter”</a>.</p><p>AltOS supports both compressed and uncompressed APRS
+position report data formats. The compressed format
+provides for higher position precision and shorter
+packets than the uncompressed APRS format. We’ve found
+some older APRS receivers that do not handle the
+compressed format. The Kenwood TH-72A requires the use
+of uncompressed format to display altitude information
+correctly. The Yaesu FT1D requires the use of
+compressed format to display altitude information.</p><p>APRS packets include an SSID (Secondary Station Identifier)
+field that allows one operator to have multiple
+transmitters. AltOS allows you to set this to a single digit
+from 0 to 9, allowing you to fly multiple transmitters at the
+same time while keeping the identify of each one separate in
+the receiver. By default, the SSID is set to the last digit of
+the device serial number.</p><p>The APRS packet format includes a comment field that
+can have arbitrary text in it. AltOS uses this to send
+status information as shown in the following table.</p><div class="table"><a id="idm45058130419360"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table A.1. Altus Metrum APRS Comments</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Altus Metrum APRS Comments" cellpadding="4px" style="border-collapse: collapse;border-top: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; border-left: 1px solid #78079a; border-right: 1px solid #78079a; "><colgroup><col class="col_1" /><col class="col_2" /><col class="col_3" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Field </th><th style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Example </th><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>1</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>L</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>GPS Status U for unlocked, L for locked</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>2</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>6</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Number of Satellites in View</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>3</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>B4.0</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Altimeter Battery Voltage</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>4</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>A3.7</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Apogee Igniter Voltage</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>5</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>M3.7</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Main Igniter Voltage</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>6</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>1286</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Device Serial Number</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>4</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>1286</p></td><td style="" align="left" valign="top"><p>Device Serial Number</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p>Here’s an example of an APRS comment showing GPS lock with 6
+satellites in view, a primary battery at 4.0V, and
+apogee and main igniters both at 3.7V from device 1286.</p><pre class="literallayout">L6 B4.0 A3.7 M3.7 1286</pre><p>Here’s an example of an APRS comment showing GPS lock with 6
+satellites in view and a primary battery at 4.0V from device 1876.</p><pre class="literallayout">L6 B4.0 1876</pre><p>Make sure your primary battery is above 3.8V
+any connected igniters are above 3.5V
+and GPS is locked with at least 5 or 6 satellites in
+view before flying. If GPS is switching between L and
+U regularly, then it doesn’t have a good lock and you
+should wait until it becomes stable.</p><p>If the GPS receiver loses lock, the APRS data
+transmitted will contain the last position for which
+GPS lock was available. You can tell that this has
+happened by noticing that the GPS status character
+switches from <span class="emphasis"><em>L</em></span> to <span class="emphasis"><em>U</em></span>. Before GPS has locked, APRS
+will transmit zero for latitude, longitude and
+altitude.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_configurable_parameters"></a>A.7. Configurable Parameters</h2></div></div></div><p>Configuring an Altus Metrum altimeter for flight is
+very simple. Even on our baro-only TeleMini and
+EasyMini boards, the use of a Kalman filter means
+there is no need to set a “mach delay”. All of the
+configurable parameters can be set using AltosUI. Read
+<a class="xref" href="#_configure_altimeter" title="11.6. Configure Altimeter">Section 11.6, “Configure Altimeter”</a> for more information.</p></div></div><div class="appendix"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="_handling_precautions"></a>Appendix B. Handling Precautions</h1></div></div></div><p>All Altus Metrum products are sophisticated electronic devices.
+When handled gently and properly installed in an air-frame, they
+will deliver impressive results. However, as with all electronic
+devices, there are some precautions you must take.</p><div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0; margin-right: 10%;"><h3 class="title">Warning</h3><p>The Lithium Polymer rechargeable batteries have an
+extraordinary power density. This is great because we can fly with
+much less battery mass than if we used alkaline batteries or previous
+generation rechargeable batteries… but if they are punctured
+or their leads are allowed to short, they can and will release their
+energy very rapidly!
+Thus we recommend that you take some care when handling our batteries
+and consider giving them some extra protection in your air-frame. We
+often wrap them in suitable scraps of closed-cell packing foam before
+strapping them down, for example.</p></div><p>The barometric sensors used on all of our flight computers are
+sensitive to sunlight. In normal mounting situations, the baro sensor
+and all of the other surface mount components
+are “down” towards whatever the underlying mounting surface is, so
+this is not normally a problem. Please consider this when designing an
+installation in an air-frame with a see-through plastic payload bay. It
+is particularly important to
+consider this with TeleMini v1.0, both because the baro sensor is on the
+“top” of the board, and because many model rockets with payload bays
+use clear plastic for the payload bay! Replacing these with an opaque
+cardboard tube, painting them, or wrapping them with a layer of masking
+tape are all reasonable approaches to keep the sensor out of direct
+sunlight.</p><p>The barometric sensor sampling port must be able to “breathe”,
+both by not being covered by foam or tape or other materials that might
+directly block the hole on the top of the sensor, and also by having a
+suitable static vent to outside air.</p><p>As with all other rocketry electronics, Altus Metrum altimeters must
+be protected from exposure to corrosive motor exhaust and ejection
+charge gasses.</p></div><div class="appendix"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="_updating_device_firmware"></a>Appendix C. Updating Device Firmware</h1></div></div></div><p>TeleMega, TeleMetrum v2, EasyMega, EasyMini and TeleDongle v3
+are all
+programmed directly over their USB connectors (self
+programming).
+TeleMetrum v1, TeleMini and TeleDongle v0.2 are
+all programmed by using another device as a programmer (pair
+programming). It’s important to recognize which kind of devices
+you have before trying to reprogram them.</p><p>You may wish to begin by ensuring you have current firmware
+images. These are distributed as part of the AltOS software
+bundle that also includes the AltosUI ground station program.
+Newer ground station versions typically work fine with older
+firmware versions, so you don’t need to update your devices
+just to try out new software features. You can always
+download the most recent version from
+<a class="ulink" href="http://www.altusmetrum.org/AltOS/" target="_top">http://www.altusmetrum.org/AltOS/</a></p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_updating_telemega_telemetrum_v2_easymega_easymini_or_teledongle_v3_firmware"></a>C.1. Updating TeleMega, TeleMetrum v2, EasyMega, EasyMini or TeleDongle v3 Firmware</h2></div></div></div><p>Self-programmable devices are reprogrammed by
+connecting them to your computer over USB.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem">
+Attach a battery if necessary and power switch to
+the target device. Power up the device.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Using a Micro USB cable, connect the target device to your
+computer’s USB socket.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Run AltosUI, and select <span class="emphasis"><em>Flash Image</em></span> from the File menu.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Select the target device in the Device Selection dialog.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Select the image you want to flash to the device,
+which should have a name in the form
+<product>-v<product-version>-<software-version>.ihx,
+such as EasyMini-v1.0-1.6.0.ihx.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Make sure the configuration parameters are
+reasonable looking. If the serial number and/or RF
+configuration values aren’t right, you’ll need to
+change them.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Hit the <span class="emphasis"><em>OK</em></span> button and the software should proceed
+to flash the device with new firmware, showing a
+progress bar.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Verify that the device is working by using the
+<span class="emphasis"><em>Configure Altimeter</em></span> or <span class="emphasis"><em>Configure Groundstation</em></span>
+item to check over the configuration.
+</li></ol></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_recovering_from_self_flashing_failure"></a>C.1.1. Recovering From Self-Flashing Failure</h3></div></div></div><p>If the firmware loading fails, it can leave the device
+unable to boot. Not to worry, you can force the device to
+start the boot loader instead, which will let you try to
+flash the device again.</p><p>On each device, connecting two pins from one of the exposed
+connectors will force the boot loader to start, even if the
+regular operating system has been corrupted in some way.</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">
+TeleMega
+</span></dt><dd>
+Connect pin 6 and pin 1 of the companion
+connector. Pin 1 can be identified by the square pad
+around it, and then the pins could sequentially across
+the board. Be very careful to <span class="strong"><strong>not</strong></span> short pin 8 to
+anything as that is connected directly to the
+battery. Pin 7 carries 3.3V and the board will crash
+if that is connected to pin 1, but shouldn’t damage
+the board.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+EasyMega
+</span></dt><dd>
+Connect pin 6 and pin 1 of the companion
+connector. Pin 1 can be identified by the square pad
+around it, and then the pins could sequentially across
+the board. Be very careful to <span class="strong"><strong>not</strong></span> short pin 8 to
+anything as that is connected directly to the
+battery. Pin 7 carries 3.3V and the board will crash
+if that is connected to pin 1, but shouldn’t damage
+the board.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+TeleMetrum v2
+</span></dt><dd>
+Connect pin 6 and pin 1 of the companion
+connector. Pin 1 can be identified by the square pad
+around it, and then the pins could sequentially across
+the board. Be very careful to <span class="strong"><strong>not</strong></span> short pin 8 to
+anything as that is connected directly to the
+battery. Pin 7 carries 3.3V and the board will crash
+if that is connected to pin 1, but shouldn’t damage
+the board.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+EasyMini
+</span></dt><dd>
+Connect pin 6 and pin 1 of the debug connector, which
+is the six holes next to the beeper. Pin 1 can be
+identified by the square pad around it, and then the
+pins could sequentially across the board, making Pin 6
+the one on the other end of the row.
+</dd><dt><span class="term">
+TeleDongle v3
+</span></dt><dd>
+Connect pin 32 on the CPU to ground. Pin 32 is closest
+to the USB wires on the row of pins towards the center
+of the board. Ground is available on the capacitor
+next to it, on the end towards the USB wires.
+</dd></dl></div><p>Once you’ve located the right pins:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem">
+Turn the altimeter power off.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Connect a battery.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Connect the indicated terminals together with a
+short piece of wire. Take care not to accidentally
+connect anything else.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Connect USB
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Turn the board power on.
+</li></ol></div><p>The board should now be visible over USB as
+<span class="emphasis"><em>AltosFlash</em></span> and be ready to receive firmware. Once
+the board has been powered up, you can remove the
+piece of wire.</p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_pair_programming"></a>C.2. Pair Programming</h2></div></div></div><p>The big concept to understand is that you have to use
+a TeleMetrum v1.0, TeleBT v1.0 or TeleDongle v0.2 as a
+programmer to update a pair programmed device. Due to
+limited memory resources in the cc1111, we don’t
+support programming directly over USB for these
+devices.</p><p>If you need to update the firmware on a TeleDongle
+v0.2, we recommend updating the altimeter first,
+before updating TeleDongle. However, note that
+TeleDongle rarely need to be updated. Any firmware
+version 1.0.1 or later will work, version 1.2.1 may
+have improved receiver performance slightly.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_updating_telemetrum_v1_x_firmware"></a>C.2.1. Updating TeleMetrum v1.x Firmware</h3></div></div></div><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem">
+Find the <span class="emphasis"><em>programming cable</em></span> that you got as
+part of the starter kit, that has a red
+8-pin MicroMaTch connector on one end and a
+red 4-pin MicroMaTch connector on the other
+end.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Take the 2 screws out of the TeleDongle v0.2
+or TeleBT v1.0 case to get access to the
+circuit board.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Plug the 8-pin end of the programming cable
+to the matching connector on the TeleDongle
+v0.2 or TeleBT v1.0, and the 4-pin end to
+the matching connector on the TeleMetrum.
+Note that each MicroMaTch connector has an
+alignment pin that goes through a hole in
+the PC board when you have the cable
+oriented correctly.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Attach a battery to the TeleMetrum board.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Plug the TeleDongle v0.2 or TeleBT v1.0 into
+your computer’s USB port, and power up the
+TeleMetrum.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Run AltosUI, and select <span class="emphasis"><em>Flash Image</em></span> from
+the File menu.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Pick the TeleDongle v0.2 or TeleBT v1.0
+device from the list, identifying it as the
+programming device.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Select the image you want put on the
+TeleMetrum, which should have a name in the
+form telemetrum-v1.2-1.0.0.ihx. It should
+be visible in the default directory, if not
+you may have to poke around your system to
+find it.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Make sure the configuration parameters are
+reasonable looking. If the serial number
+and/or RF configuration values aren’t right,
+you’ll need to change them.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Hit the <span class="emphasis"><em>OK</em></span> button and the software should
+proceed to flash the TeleMetrum with new
+firmware, showing a progress bar.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Confirm that the TeleMetrum board seems to
+have updated OK, which you can do by
+plugging in to it over USB and using a
+terminal program to connect to the board and
+issue the <span class="emphasis"><em>v</em></span> command to check the version,
+etc.
+</li></ol></div><p>If something goes wrong, give it another try.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_updating_telemini_firmware"></a>C.2.2. Updating TeleMini Firmware</h3></div></div></div><p>You’ll need a special <span class="emphasis"><em>programming cable</em></span> to
+reprogram the TeleMini. You can make your own
+using an 8-pin MicroMaTch connector on one end
+and a set of four pins on the other.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem">
+Take the 2 screws out of the TeleDongle v0.2
+or TeleBT v1.0 case to get access to the
+circuit board.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Plug the 8-pin end of the programming cable
+to the matching connector on the TeleDongle
+v0.2 or TeleBT v1.0, and the 4-pins into the
+holes in the TeleMini circuit board. Note
+that the MicroMaTch connector has an
+alignment pin that goes through a hole in
+the PC board when you have the cable
+oriented correctly, and that pin 1 on the
+TeleMini board is marked with a square pad
+while the other pins have round pads.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Attach a battery to the TeleMini board.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Plug the TeleDongle v0.2 or TeleBT v1.0 into
+your computer’s USB port, and power up the
+TeleMini
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Run AltosUI, and select <span class="emphasis"><em>Flash Image</em></span> from
+the File menu.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Pick the TeleDongle v0.2 or TeleBT v1.0
+device from the list, identifying it as the
+programming device.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Select the image you want put on the
+TeleMini, which should have a name in the
+form telemini-v1.0-1.0.0.ihx. It should be
+visible in the default directory, if not you
+may have to poke around your system to find
+it.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Make sure the configuration parameters are
+reasonable looking. If the serial number
+and/or RF configuration values aren’t right,
+you’ll need to change them.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Hit the <span class="emphasis"><em>OK</em></span> button and the software should
+proceed to flash the TeleMini with new
+firmware, showing a progress bar.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Confirm that the TeleMini board seems to
+have updated OK, which you can do by
+configuring it over the radio link through
+the TeleDongle, or letting it come up in
+“flight” mode and listening for telemetry.
+</li></ol></div><p>If something goes wrong, give it another try.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_updating_teledongle_v0_2_firmware"></a>C.2.3. Updating TeleDongle v0.2 Firmware</h3></div></div></div><p>Updating TeleDongle v0.2 firmware is just like
+updating TeleMetrum v1.x or TeleMini firmware, but you
+use either a TeleMetrum v1.x, TeleDongle v0.2 or
+TeleBT v1.0 as the programmer.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem">
+Find the <span class="emphasis"><em>programming cable</em></span> that you got as part of
+the starter kit, that has a red 8-pin MicroMaTch
+connector on one end and a red 4-pin MicroMaTch
+connector on the other end.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Find the USB cable that you got as part of the
+starter kit, and plug the “mini” end in to the
+mating connector on TeleMetrum v1.x, TeleDongle v0.2
+or TeleBT v1.0.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Take the 2 screws out of the TeleDongle v0.2 or
+TeleBT v1.0 case to get access to the circuit board.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Plug the 8-pin end of the programming cable to the
+matching connector on the programmer, and the 4-pin
+end to the matching connector on the TeleDongle
+v0.2. Note that each MicroMaTch connector has an
+alignment pin that goes through a hole in the PC
+board when you have the cable oriented correctly.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Attach a battery to the TeleMetrum v1.x board if
+you’re using one.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Plug both the programmer and the TeleDongle into
+your computer’s USB ports, and power up the
+programmer.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Run AltosUI, and select <span class="emphasis"><em>Flash Image</em></span> from the File
+menu.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Pick the programmer device from the list,
+identifying it as the programming device.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Select the image you want put on the TeleDongle
+v0.2, which should have a name in the form
+teledongle-v0.2-1.0.0.ihx. It should be visible in
+the default directory, if not you may have to poke
+around your system to find it.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Make sure the configuration parameters are
+reasonable looking. If the serial number and/or RF
+configuration values aren’t right, you’ll need to
+change them. The TeleDongle v0.2 serial number is
+on the “bottom” of the circuit board, and can
+usually be read through the translucent blue plastic
+case without needing to remove the board from the
+case.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Hit the <span class="emphasis"><em>OK</em></span> button and the software should proceed
+to flash the TeleDongle v0.2 with new firmware,
+showing a progress bar.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Confirm that the TeleDongle v0.2 board seems to have
+updated OK, which you can do by plugging in to it
+over USB and using a terminal program to connect to
+the board and issue the <span class="emphasis"><em>v</em></span> command to check the
+version, etc. Once you’re happy, remove the
+programming cable and put the cover back on the
+TeleDongle v0.2.
+</li></ol></div><p>If something goes wrong, give it another try.</p><p>Be careful removing the programming cable from the
+locking 8-pin connector on TeleMetrum. You’ll need a
+fingernail or perhaps a thin screwdriver or knife
+blade to gently pry the locking ears out slightly to
+extract the connector. We used a locking connector on
+TeleMetrum to help ensure that the cabling to
+companion boards used in a rocket don’t ever come
+loose accidentally in flight.</p></div></div></div><div class="appendix"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="_flight_data_recording"></a>Appendix D. Flight Data Recording</h1></div></div></div><p>Each flight computer logs data at 100 samples per second
+during ascent and 10 samples per second during
+descent, except for TeleMini v1.0, which records ascent at 10 samples
+per second and descent at 1 sample per second.
+Data are logged to
+an on-board flash memory part, which can be partitioned into
+several equal-sized blocks, one for each flight.</p><div class="table"><a id="idm45058130283472"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table D.1. Data Storage on Altus Metrum altimeters</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Data Storage on Altus Metrum altimeters" cellpadding="4px" style="border-collapse: collapse;border-top: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; border-left: 1px solid #78079a; border-right: 1px solid #78079a; "><colgroup><col class="col_1" /><col class="col_2" /><col class="col_3" /><col class="col_4" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Device </th><th style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Bytes per Sample </th><th style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Total Storage </th><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Minutes at Full Rate</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>TeleMetrum v1.0</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>8</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>1MB</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>20</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>TeleMetrum v1.1 v1.2</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>8</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>2MB</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>40</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>TeleMetrum v2.0</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>16</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>8MB</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>80</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>TeleMini v1.0</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>2</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>5kB</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>4</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>EasyMini</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>16</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>1MB</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>10</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>TeleMega</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>32</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>8MB</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>40</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>EasyMega</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>32</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>8MB</p></td><td style="" align="left" valign="top"><p>40</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p>The on-board flash is partitioned into separate flight logs,
+each of a fixed maximum size. Increase the maximum size of
+each log and you reduce the number of flights that can be
+stored. Decrease the size and you can store more flights.</p><p>Configuration data is also stored in the flash memory on
+TeleMetrum v1.x,
+TeleMini and
+EasyMini.
+This consumes 64kB
+of flash space. This configuration space is not available
+for storing flight log data.</p><p>TeleMetrum v2.0, TeleMega and EasyMega
+store configuration data in a bit of eeprom available within
+the processor chip, leaving that space available in flash for
+more flight data.</p><p>To compute the amount of space needed for a single flight, you
+can multiply the expected ascent time (in seconds) by 100
+times bytes-per-sample, multiply the expected descent time (in
+seconds) by 10 times the bytes per sample and add the two
+together. That will slightly under-estimate the storage (in
+bytes) needed for the flight.
+For instance, a TeleMetrum v2.0 flight spending
+20 seconds in ascent and 150 seconds in descent will take
+about (20 * 1600) + (150 * 160) = 56000 bytes of storage. You
+could store dozens of these flights in the on-board flash.</p><p>The default size allows for several flights on each flight
+computer, except for TeleMini v1.0, which
+only holds data for a single flight.
+You can adjust the size.</p><p>Altus Metrum flight computers will not overwrite existing
+flight data, so be sure to download flight data and erase it
+from the flight computer before it fills up. The flight
+computer will still successfully control the flight even if it
+cannot log data, so the only thing you will lose is the data.</p></div><div class="appendix"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="_altus_metrum_hardware_specifications"></a>Appendix E. Altus Metrum Hardware Specifications</h1></div></div></div><p>Here’s the full set of Altus Metrum products, both in
+production and retired.</p><div class="table"><a id="idm45058130237152"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table E.1. Altus Metrum Flight Computer Electronics</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Altus Metrum Flight Computer Electronics" cellpadding="4px" style="border-collapse: collapse;border-top: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; border-left: 1px solid #78079a; border-right: 1px solid #78079a; "><colgroup><col class="col_1" /><col class="col_2" /><col class="col_3" /><col class="col_4" /><col class="col_5" /><col class="col_6" /><col class="col_7" /><col class="col_8" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Device </th><th style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"> Barometer </th><th style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"> Z-axis accel </th><th style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"> GPS </th><th style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"> 3D sensors </th><th style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"> Storage </th><th style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"> RF Output </th><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"> Battery</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>TeleMetrum v1.0</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>MP3H6115 10km (33k')</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>MMA2202 50g</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>SkyTraq</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>-</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>1MB</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>10mW</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>3.7V</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>TeleMetrum v1.1</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>MP3H6115 10km (33k')</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>MMA2202 50g</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>SkyTraq</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>-</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>2MB</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>10mW</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>3.7V</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>TeleMetrum v1.2</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>MP3H6115 10km (33k')</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>ADXL78 70g</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>SkyTraq</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>-</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>2MB</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>10mW</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>3.7V</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>TeleMetrum v2.0</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>MS5607 30km (100k')</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>MMA6555 102g</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>uBlox Max-7Q</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>-</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>8MB</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>40mW</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>3.7V</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>TeleMini v1.0</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>MP3H6115 10km (33k')</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>-</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>-</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>-</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>5kB</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>10mW</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>3.7V</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>EasyMini v1.0</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>MS5607 30km (100k')</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>-</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>-</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>-</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>1MB</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>-</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>3.7-12V</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>TeleMega v1.0</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>MS5607 30km (100k')</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>MMA6555 102g</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>uBlox Max-7Q</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>MPU6000 HMC5883</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>8MB</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>40mW</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>3.7V</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>EasyMega v1.0</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>MS5607 30km (100k')</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>MMA6555 102g</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>-</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>MPU6000 HMC5883</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>8MB</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>-</p></td><td style="" align="left" valign="top"><p>3.7V</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p></p><div class="table"><a id="idm45058130154144"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table E.2. Altus Metrum Flight Computer Mechanical Components</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Altus Metrum Flight Computer Mechanical Components" cellpadding="4px" style="border-collapse: collapse;border-top: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; border-left: 1px solid #78079a; border-right: 1px solid #78079a; "><colgroup><col class="col_1" /><col class="col_2" /><col class="col_3" /><col class="col_4" /><col class="col_5" /><col class="col_6" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Device</th><th style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Connectors</th><th style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Screw Terminals</th><th style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Width</th><th style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Length</th><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top">Tube Size</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>TeleMetrum</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Antenna Debug Companion USB Battery</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Apogee pyro Main pyro Switch</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>1 inch (2.54cm)</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>2 ¾ inch (6.99cm)</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>29mm coupler</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>TeleMini v1.0</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Antenna Debug Battery</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Apogee pyro Main pyro</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>½ inch (1.27cm)</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>1½ inch (3.81cm)</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>18mm coupler</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>TeleMini v2.0</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Antenna Debug USB Battery</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Apogee pyro Main pyro Battery Switch</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>0.8 inch (2.03cm)</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>1½ inch (3.81cm)</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>24mm coupler</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>EasyMini</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Debug USB Battery</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Apogee pyro Main pyro Battery</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>0.8 inch (2.03cm)</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>1½ inch (3.81cm)</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>24mm coupler</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>TeleMega</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Antenna Debug Companion USB Battery</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Apogee pyro Main pyro Pyro A-D Switch Pyro battery</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>1¼ inch (3.18cm)</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>3¼ inch (8.26cm)</p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>38mm coupler</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>EasyMega</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Debug Companion USB Battery</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>Apogee pyro Main pyro Pyro A-D Switch Pyro battery</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>1¼ inch (3.18cm)</p></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid #78079a; " align="left" valign="top"><p>2¼ inch (5.62cm)</p></td><td style="" align="left" valign="top"><p>38mm coupler</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="appendix"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="_release_notes"></a>Appendix F. Release Notes</h1></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_release_notes_for_version_1_6_2"></a>F.1. Release Notes for Version 1.6.2</h2></div></div></div><p>Version 1.6.2 includes support for our updated TeleMega v2.0
+product and bug fixes in in the flight software for all our boards
+and ground station interfaces.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altos"></a>F.1.1. AltOS</h3></div></div></div><p>AltOS New Features:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Add support for TeleMega v2.0 boards.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Add PWM servo driver. There’s no higher level code using
+this yet, but the driver allows testing of the TeleMega v2.0
+servo output connector.
+</li></ul></div><p>AltOS Fixes:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Slow down telemetry packets to allow receiver to keep
+up.
+</li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altosui_and_telegps_applications"></a>F.1.2. AltosUI and TeleGPS Applications</h3></div></div></div><p>AltosUI and TeleGPS Fixes:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Fix post-flight orientation computation when processing
+TeleMega and EasyMega eeprom data files.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Capture complete eeprom data even when there are invalid
+entries in the data. This keeps reading eeprom contents and
+writing the associated .eeprom file when an error is detected.
+</li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_documentation"></a>F.1.3. Documentation</h3></div></div></div><p>We spent a bunch of time trying to improve our documentation</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+HTML versions now have a table of contents on the left side.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+EasyMini now has its own shorter manual.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Provide links between sections in each document.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Lots of minor rewriting and restructuring to avoid
+duplication of information
+</li></ul></div><p></p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_release_notes_for_version_1_6_1"></a>F.2. Release Notes for Version 1.6.1</h2></div></div></div><p>Version 1.6.1 includes support for our updated TeleBT v3.0
+product and bug fixes in in the flight software for all our boards
+and ground station interfaces.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altos_2"></a>F.2.1. AltOS</h3></div></div></div><p>AltOS New Features:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Add support for TeleBT v3.0 boards.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Add support for uncompressed APRS data, providing support
+for older APRS receivers. Uncompressed APRS data is less
+precise, takes more bandwidth and doesn’t have integrated
+altitude data.
+</li></ul></div><p>AltOS Fixes:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Make TeleDongle and TeleBT more tolerant of data rate
+variations from transmitting devices.
+</li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altosui_and_telegps_applications_2"></a>F.2.2. AltosUI and TeleGPS Applications</h3></div></div></div><p>AltosUI and TeleGPS New Features:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Add map to Monitor Idle display. It’s nice to be able to
+verify that maps are working, instead of needing to use
+Monitor Flight.
+</li></ul></div><p>AltosUI and TeleGPS Fixes:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Fix frequency configuration to round values instead of
+truncate them, avoiding a common 1kHz error in the setting.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Turn the Windows stub into a more useful program that can
+launch the application with parameters so that file manager
+icons work more reliably.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Force KML export to use a C locale so that numbers are
+formatted with <span class="emphasis"><em>.</em></span> instead of <span class="emphasis"><em>,</em></span> for a decimal separator in
+non-US locales.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Preload map tiles based on distance rather than number of
+tiles; this means you get the same resolution covering the
+entire area, rather than having high resolution near the
+center and low resolution further away.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Allow configuration of frequency and callsign in Monitor
+Idle mode.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Fix layout weirdness when resizing windows on
+Windows. Windows shouldn’t have giant blank spaces around
+the useful content anymore.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Fix layout weirdness when resizing windows on
+Windows. Windows shouldn’t have giant blank spaces around
+the useful content anymore.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Use a longer filter for descent speed values. This should
+provide something more useful on the display, although it
+will take longer to respond to changes now.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Make Replay Flight run in realtime again. It had been set to
+run at 10x speed by mistake.
+</li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altosdroid_2"></a>F.2.3. AltosDroid</h3></div></div></div><p>AltosDroid New Features:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Add offline map support using mapping code from AltosUI.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Support TeleDongle (and TeleBT via USB) on devices
+supporting USB On-The-Go.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Display additional TeleMega pyro channel status in Pad tab.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Switch between metric and imperial units.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Monitor TeleBT battery voltage.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Track multiple devices at the same time, selecting between
+them with a menu or using the map.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Add hybrid, satellite and terrain map types.
+</li></ul></div><p>AltosDroid Fixes:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Use standard Android display conventions so that a menu
+button is available in the application title bar.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Adjust layout to work on large and small screens; shrinking
+the go/no-go lights in smaller environments to try and make
+everything visible.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Make voice announcements depend on current tab.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Compute adjustment to current travel direction while in
+motion towards rocket.
+</li></ul></div><p></p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_release_notes_for_version_1_6"></a>F.3. Release Notes for Version 1.6</h2></div></div></div><p>Version 1.6 includes support for our updated TeleDongle v3.0
+product and bug fixes in in the flight software for all our boards
+and ground station interfaces.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altos_3"></a>F.3.1. AltOS</h3></div></div></div><p>AltOS New Features</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Add support for TeleDongle v3.0 boards.
+</li></ul></div><p>AltOS Fixes</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Don’t beep out the continuity twice by accident in idle mode.
+If the battery voltage report takes longer than the initialiation
+sequence, the igniter continuity would get reported twice.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Record all 32 bits of gyro calibration data in TeleMega and
+EasyMega log files. This fixes computation of the gyro rates
+in AltosUI.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Change TeleDongle LED usage. Green LED flashes when valid
+packet is received. Red LED flashes when invalid packet is
+received.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Replace LPC11U14 SPI driver with non-interrupt version. The
+interrupt code would occasionally wedge on long transfers
+if interrupts were blocked for too long. This affects all
+released TeleGPS products; if you have a TeleGPS device,
+you’ll want to reflash the firmware.
+</li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altosui_and_telegps_applications_3"></a>F.3.2. AltosUI and TeleGPS Applications</h3></div></div></div><p>AltosUI and TeleGPS New Features</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Compute tilt angle from TeleMega and EasyMega log
+files. This duplicates the quaternion-based angle tracking
+code from the flight firmware inside the ground station
+software so that post-flight analysis can include evaluation
+of the tilt angle.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Shows the tool button window when starting with a data file
+specified. This means that opening a data file from the file
+manager will now bring up the main window to let you operate
+the whole application.
+</li></ul></div><p>AltosUI Fixes</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Show the <span class="emphasis"><em>Connecting</em></span> dialog when using Monitor Idle. Lets
+you cancel the Monitor Idle startup when connecting over the
+radio link.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Make <span class="emphasis"><em>Monitor Idle</em></span> work for TeleGPS devices when connected
+over USB. It’s nice for testing without needing to broadcast
+over the radio.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Use different Windows API to discover USB devices. This
+works better on my Windows 7 box, and will be used if the
+older API fails to provide the necessary information.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Look in more places in the registry to try and identify the
+installed Java version on Windows. If you install the
+default 32-bit version of Windows on a 64-bit OS, the Java
+registry information is hiding \SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node for
+some reason.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Fix file association on Windows by searching for the
+javaw.exe program instead of assuming it is in
+%SYSTEMROOT%. This makes double-clicking on Altus Metrum
+data files in the file manager work correctly.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+When replaying a file, put <span class="emphasis"><em>done</em></span> in the Age field when we
+reach the end of the file, instead of continuing to count forever.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+In the Scan Channels code, wait for five seconds if we see
+any packet. This is needed because AltOS now sends the
+callsign, serial number and flight number only once every
+five seconds these days.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+In the Scan Channels code, reset pending flight state
+information each time we change channels. This avoids having
+flight computers appear on multiple frequencies by accident.
+</li></ul></div><p></p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_release_notes_for_version_1_5"></a>F.4. Release Notes for Version 1.5</h2></div></div></div><p>Version 1.5 is a major release. It includes support for our new
+EasyMega product, new features and bug fixes in in the flight
+software for all our boards and the AltosUI ground station</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altos_4"></a>F.4.1. AltOS</h3></div></div></div><p>AltOS New Features</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Add support for EasyMega boards.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Make the APRS SSID be configurable. This lets you track
+different rockets on the same receiver without getting
+things mixed up.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Report extra pyro channel continuity state on EasyMega and
+TeleMega via the beeper. This lets you easily verify flight
+readiness on these boards after powering up the electronics
+on the rail.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Add lower telemetry data rates (2400 and 9600 bps) to
+increase telemetry radio range. This reduces the amount of
+data received as well as increasing battery consumption in
+the transmitter.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Change TeleGPS to have only a single log, and append new
+data to it rather than using seperate per-flight logs. This
+avoids accidentally filling up log storage by turning
+TeleGPS on/off several times.
+</li></ul></div><p>AltOS Fixes</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Increase the maximum range for altitude values from +/-32767m
+to +/-2147483647m, allowing the flight computers to function
+correctly above the 32km level.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Continuously test pyro firing conditions during delay stage,
+inhibiting the pyro channel if the test fails. This prevents
+firing pyro charges where the conditions were good before
+the delay, but become bad before the delay expires.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Allow negative numbers in pyro configuration values. This
+lets you specify things like descending speed or
+deceleration.
+</li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altosui_and_telegps_applications_4"></a>F.4.2. AltosUI and TeleGPS Applications</h3></div></div></div><p>AltosUI and TeleGPS New Features</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Support telemetry baud rate selection. Adds menus to
+the flight monitoring and configuration for baud rate
+selection.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Support APRS SSID configuration.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Integrate with file managers. This provides icons for all of
+our file types and associates our application with the files
+so that using a file manager to open a AltOS data file
+results in launching our application.
+</li></ul></div><p>AltosUI Fixes</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Make the <span class="emphasis"><em>Graph</em></span> button on the landed tab work again.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Make tests for Java on Windows a bit smarter, and also
+provide the user with the option to skip installing Java for
+cases where we just can’t figure out what version is installed.
+</li></ul></div><p></p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_release_notes_for_version_1_4_2"></a>F.5. Release Notes for Version 1.4.2</h2></div></div></div><p>Version 1.4.2 is a minor release. It fixes Java-related install issues on
+Windows</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altosui_and_telegps_applications_5"></a>F.5.1. AltosUI and TeleGPS Applications</h3></div></div></div><p>Windows Install Fixes</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Checks for Java installation data in more registry locations.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Allows user to bypass Java installation in case the
+detection fails.
+</li></ul></div><p></p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_release_notes_for_version_1_4_1"></a>F.6. Release Notes for Version 1.4.1</h2></div></div></div><p>Version 1.4.1 is a minor release. It fixes install issues on
+Windows and provides the missing TeleMetrum V2.0 firmware. There
+aren’t any changes to the firmware or host applications at
+all. All Windows users will want to upgrade to get the signed
+driver, but Mac and Linux users who do not need the TeleMetrum
+V2.0 firmware image will not need to upgrade.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altosui_and_telegps_applications_6"></a>F.6.1. AltosUI and TeleGPS Applications:</h3></div></div></div><p>Windows Install Fixes</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Provide signed Windows driver files. This should avoid any need to
+disable driver signature checking on Windows 7 or 8.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Fix Java version detection and download. Previously, the
+installer would only look for Java 6 or 7 and insist on
+downloading its own Java bits if there was something else
+installed. Furthermore, the 64-bit Java link provided didn’t
+work for anyone other than Keith, making it impossible to
+install AltOS on any machine with Java SE 8 installed.
+</li></ul></div><p>Other Fixes</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Include 1.4 firmware for TeleMetrum V2.0. None of the
+installers shipped this file. Now it’s included in the AltOS
+packages for Linux, Mac and Windows.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Include Google Application Key for map downloading. The 1.4
+release didn’t have this key in the released version of the
+software, making map downloading fail for most people.
+</li></ul></div><p></p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_release_notes_for_version_1_4"></a>F.7. Release Notes for Version 1.4</h2></div></div></div><p>Version 1.4 is a major release. It includes support for our new
+TeleGPS product, new features and bug fixes in in the flight
+software for all our boards and the AltosUI ground station</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altos_5"></a>F.7.1. AltOS</h3></div></div></div><p>AltOS new features:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Add support for TeleGPS boards.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Make the beeper tone configurable, making it
+possible to distinguish between two Altus Metrum
+products in the same ebay.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Make the firing time for extra pyro channels
+configurable, allowing longer (or shorter) than the
+default 50ms. Only relevant for TeleMega at this
+time.
+</li></ul></div><p>AltOS fixes:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Replace the <span class="emphasis"><em>dit dit dit</em></span> tones at startup with the
+current battery voltage, measured in tenths of a
+volt. This lets you check the battery voltage
+without needing telemetry, which is especially
+useful on EasyMini.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Change state beeping to "Farnsworth spacing", which
+means they’re quite a bit faster than before, and so
+they take less time to send.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Fix bug preventing the selection of the <span class="emphasis"><em>Flight
+State After</em></span> mode in pyro configuration.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Fix bug where erasing flights would reset the flight
+number to 2 on TeleMega and TeleMetrum v2.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Fix u-Blox GPS driver to mark course and speed data
+as being present.
+</li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altosui_application"></a>F.7.2. AltosUI Application</h3></div></div></div><p>AltosUI new features:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Add zooming and new content types (terrain and road
+maps) to map view. Change map storage format from
+PNG to Jpeg, which saves a huge amount of disk
+space. You will need to re-download all of your
+pre-loaded map images.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Add a distance measuring device to the maps
+view. Select this by using any button other than the
+left one, or by pressing shift or control on the
+keyboard while using the left button.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Add new <span class="emphasis"><em>Ignitor</em></span> tab to the flight monitor display
+for TeleMega’s extra ignitors.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Add additional ignitor firing marks and voltages to
+the graph so you can see when the ignitors fired,
+along with the ignitor voltages.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Add GPS course, ground speed and climb rate as
+optional graph elements.
+</li></ul></div><p>AltosUI fixes:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+When flashing new firmware, re-try opening the
+device as sometimes it takes a while for the
+underlying operating system to recognize that the
+device has rebooted in preparation for the flashing
+operation.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Hide Tilt Angle in ascent tab for devices that don’t
+have a gyro.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Increase the width of data lines in the graphs to
+make them easier to read.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Filter out speed and acceleration spikes caused by
+ejection charge firing when computing the maximum
+values. This provides a more accurate reading of
+those maximums.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Fix EasyMini voltage displays. Early EasyMini
+prototypes used a 3.0V regulator, and AltosUI still
+used that value as the basis of the
+computation. Production EasyMini boards have always
+shipped with a 3.3V regulator. Also, purple EasyMini
+boards sensed the battery voltage past the blocking
+diode, resulting in a drop of about 150mV from the
+true battery voltage. Compensate for that when
+displaying the value.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Display error message when trying to configure
+maximum flight log size while the flight computer
+still has flight data stored.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Handle TeleMetrum and TeleMini eeprom files
+generated with pre-1.0 firmware. Those ancient
+versions didn’t report the log format, so just use
+the product name instead.
+</li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_telegps_application"></a>F.7.3. TeleGPS Application</h3></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+New application designed for use with TeleGPS boards.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Shares code with AltosUI, mostly just trimmed down
+to focus on TeleGPS-related functions.
+</li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_documentation_2"></a>F.7.4. Documentation</h3></div></div></div><p>Documentation changes:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Re-create the drill template images; they should
+print correctly from Firefox at least. Ship these as
+individual PDF files so they’re easy to print.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Add a description of the <span class="emphasis"><em>Apogee Lockout</em></span> setting,
+which prevents the apogee charge from firing for a
+configurable amount of time after boost.
+</li></ul></div><p></p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_release_notes_for_version_1_3_2"></a>F.8. Release Notes for Version 1.3.2</h2></div></div></div><p>Version 1.3.2 is a minor release. It includes small bug fixes for
+the TeleMega flight software and AltosUI ground station</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altos_6"></a>F.8.1. AltOS</h3></div></div></div><p>AltOS fixes:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+On TeleMega, limit number of logged GPS status
+information to 12 satellites. That’s all there is
+room for in the log structure.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Improve APRS behavior. Remembers last known GPS
+position and keeps sending that if we lose GPS
+lock. Marks locked/unlocked by sending L/U in the
+APRS comment field along with the number of sats in
+view and voltages.
+</li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altosui_application_2"></a>F.8.2. AltosUI Application</h3></div></div></div><p>AltosUI fixes:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+If the TeleMega flight firmware reports that it has
+logged information about more than 12 satellites,
+don’t believe it as the log only holds 12 satellite
+records.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Track the maximum height as computed from GPS
+altitude data and report that in the flight summary
+data.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Use letters (A, B, C, D) for alternate pyro channel
+names instead of numbers (0, 1, 2, 3) in the Fire
+Igniter dialog.
+</li></ul></div><p></p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_release_notes_for_version_1_3_1"></a>F.9. Release Notes for Version 1.3.1</h2></div></div></div><p>Version 1.3.1 is a minor release. It improves support for
+TeleMega, TeleMetrum v2.0, TeleMini v2.0 and EasyMini.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altos_7"></a>F.9.1. AltOS</h3></div></div></div><p>AltOS new features:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Improved APRS mode. Now uses compressed position
+format for smaller data size, improved precision and
+to include altitude data as well as latitude and
+longitude. Also added battery and pyro voltage
+reports in the APRS comment field so you can confirm
+that the unit is ready for launch.
+</li></ul></div><p>AltOS fixes:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Improve sensor boot code. If sensors fail to
+self-test, the device will still boot up and check
+for pad/idle modes. If in idle mode, the device will
+warn the user with a distinct beep, if in Pad mode,
+the unit will operate as best it can. Also, the
+Z-axis accelerometer now uses the factory
+calibration values instead of re-calibrating on the
+pad each time. This avoids accidental boost detect
+when moving the device around while in Pad mode.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Fix antenna-down mode accelerometer
+configuration. Antenna down mode wasn’t working
+because the accelerometer calibration values were
+getting re-computed incorrectly in inverted mode.
+</li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altosui_application_3"></a>F.9.2. AltosUI Application</h3></div></div></div><p>AltosUI new features:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Display additional TeleMega sensor values in real
+units. Make all of these values available for
+plotting. Display TeleMega orientation value in the
+Ascent and Table tabs.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Support additional TeleMega pyro channels in the
+Fire Igniter dialog. This lets you do remote testing
+of all of the channels, rather than just Apogee and
+Main.
+</li></ul></div><p>AltosUI fixes:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Limit data rate when downloading satellite images
+from Google to make sure we stay within their limits
+so that all of the map tiles download successfully.
+</li></ul></div><p></p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_release_notes_for_version_1_3"></a>F.10. Release Notes for Version 1.3</h2></div></div></div><p>Version 1.3 is a major release. It adds support for TeleMega,
+TeleMetrum v2.0, TeleMini v2.0 and EasyMini.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altos_8"></a>F.10.1. AltOS</h3></div></div></div><p>AltOS new features:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Add STM32L processor support. This includes
+enhancements to the scheduler to support products
+with many threads.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Add NXP LPC11U14 processor support.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Support additional pyro channels. These are
+configurable through the UI to handle air starts,
+staging, additional recovery events and external
+devices such as cameras.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Add 3-axis gyro support for orientation
+tracking. This integrates the gyros to compute the
+angle from vertical during flight, allowing the
+additional pyro events to be controlled by this
+value.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Many more device drivers, including u-Blox Max 7Q
+GPS, Freescale MMA6555 digital single-axis
+accelerometer, Invensense MPU6000 3-axis
+accelerometer + 3 axis gyro, Honeywell HMC5883
+3-axis magnetic sensor and the TI CC1120 and CC115L
+digital FM transceivers
+</li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altosui_application_4"></a>F.10.2. AltosUI Application</h3></div></div></div><p>AltosUI new features:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Support TeleMega, TeleMetrum v2.0, TeleMini v2.0 and
+EasyMini telemetry and log formats.
+</li></ul></div><p>AltosUI fixes:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Use preferred units for main deployment height
+configuration, instead of always doing configuration in
+meters.
+== MicroPeak Application
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Add <span class="emphasis"><em>Download</em></span> button to menu bar.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Save the last log directory and offer that as the
+default for new downloads
+</li></ul></div><p></p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_release_notes_for_version_1_2_1"></a>F.11. Release Notes for Version 1.2.1</h2></div></div></div><p>Version 1.2.1 is a minor release. It adds support for TeleBT and
+the AltosDroid application, provides several new features in
+AltosUI and fixes some bugs in the AltOS firmware.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altos_9"></a>F.11.1. AltOS</h3></div></div></div><p>AltOS new features:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Add support for TeleBT
+</li></ul></div><p>AltOS fixes:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+In TeleMini recovery mode (when booted with the
+outer two debug pins connected together), the radio
+parameters are also set back to defaults
+(434.550MHz, N0CALL, factory radio cal).
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Correct Kalman filter model error covariance
+matrix. The values used previously assumed
+continuous measurements instead of discrete
+measurements.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Fix some bugs in the USB driver for TeleMetrum and
+TeleDongle that affected Windows users.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Adjusted the automatic gain control parameters that
+affect receive performance for TeleDongle. Field
+tests indicate that this may improve receive
+performance somewhat.
+</li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altosui_application_5"></a>F.11.2. AltosUI Application</h3></div></div></div><p>AltosUI application new features:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Make the initial position of the AltosUI top level
+window configurable. Along with this change, the
+other windows will pop up at <span class="emphasis"><em>sensible</em></span> places now,
+instead of on top of one another.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Add GPS data and a map to the graph window. This
+lets you see a complete summary of the flight
+without needing to <span class="emphasis"><em>replay</em></span> the whole thing.
+</li></ul></div><p>AltosUI application fixes:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Handle missing GPS lock in <span class="emphasis"><em>Descent</em></span>
+tab. Previously, if the GPS position of the pad was
+unknown, an exception would be raised, breaking the
+Descent tab contents.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Improve the graph, adding tool-tips to show values
+near the cursor and making the displayed set of
+values configurable, adding all of the flight data
+as options while leaving the default settings alone
+so that the graph starts by showing height, speed
+and acceleration.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Add callsign to Monitor idle window and connecting
+dialogs. This makes it clear which callsign is being
+used so that the operator will be aware that it must
+match the flight computer value or no communication
+will work.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+When downloading flight data, display the block
+number so that the user has some sense of
+progress. Unfortunately, we don’t know how many
+blocks will need to be downloaded, but at least it
+isn’t just sitting there doing nothing for a long
+time.
+</li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altosdroid_3"></a>F.11.3. AltosDroid</h3></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+First version of this application
+</li></ul></div><p></p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_release_notes_for_version_1_2"></a>F.12. Release Notes for Version 1.2</h2></div></div></div><p>Version 1.2 is a major release. It adds support for MicroPeak
+and the MicroPeak USB adapter.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altos_10"></a>F.12.1. AltOS</h3></div></div></div><p>AltOS New Features:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Add MicroPeak support. This includes support for the
+ATtiny85 processor and adaptations to the core code
+to allow for devices too small to run the
+multi-tasking scheduler.
+</li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altosui_and_micropeak_application"></a>F.12.2. AltosUI and MicroPeak Application</h3></div></div></div><p>New Features:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Added MicroPeak application
+</li></ul></div><p>AltosUI and MicroPeak fixes:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Distribute Mac OS X packages in disk image (<span class="emphasis"><em>.dmg</em></span>)
+format to greatly simplify installation.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Provide version numbers for the shared Java
+libraries to ensure that upgrades work properly, and
+to allow for multiple Altus Metrum software packages
+to be installed in the same directory at the same
+time.
+</li></ul></div><p></p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_release_notes_for_version_1_1"></a>F.13. Release Notes for Version 1.1</h2></div></div></div><p>Version 1.1.1 is a bug-fix release. It fixes a couple of bugs
+in AltosUI and one firmware bug that affects TeleMetrum
+version 1.0 boards. Thanks to Bob Brown for help diagnosing
+the Google Earth file export issue, and for suggesting the
+addition of the Ground Distance value in the Descent tab.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altos_11"></a>F.13.1. AltOS</h3></div></div></div><p>AltOS fixes:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+TeleMetrum v1.0 boards use the AT45DB081D flash
+memory part to store flight data, which is different
+from later TeleMetrum boards. The AltOS v1.1 driver
+for this chip couldn’t erase memory, leaving it
+impossible to delete flight data or update
+configuration values. This bug doesn’t affect newer
+TeleMetrum boards, and it doesn’t affect the safety
+of rockets flying version 1.1 firmware.
+</li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altosui_2"></a>F.13.2. AltosUI</h3></div></div></div><p>AltosUI new features:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+The “Descent” tab displays the range to the rocket,
+which is a combination of the over-the-ground
+distance to the rockets current latitude/longitude
+and the height of the rocket. As such, it’s useful
+for knowing how far away the rocket is, but
+difficult to use when estimating where the rocket
+might eventually land. A new “Ground Distance” field
+has been added which displays the distance to a spot
+right underneath the rocket.
+</li></ul></div><p>AltosUI fixes:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Creating a Google Earth file (KML) from on-board
+flight data (EEPROM) would generate an empty
+file. The code responsible for reading the EEPROM
+file wasn’t ever setting the GPS valid bits, and so
+the KML export code thought there was no GPS data in
+the file.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+The “Landed” tab was displaying all values in metric
+units, even when AltosUI was configured to display
+imperial units. Somehow I just missed this tab when
+doing the units stuff.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Sensor data wasn’t being displayed for TeleMini
+flight computers in Monitor Idle mode, including
+things like battery voltage. The code that picked
+which kinds of data to fetch from the flight
+computer was missing a check for TeleMini when
+deciding whether to fetch the analog sensor data.
+</li></ul></div><p></p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_release_notes_for_version_1_1_2"></a>F.14. Release Notes for Version 1.1</h2></div></div></div><p>Version 1.1 is a minor release. It provides a few new features
+in AltosUI and the AltOS firmware and fixes bugs.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altos_12"></a>F.14.1. AltOS</h3></div></div></div><p>AltOS Firmware New Features:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Add apogee-lockout value. Overrides the apogee
+detection logic to prevent incorrect apogee charge
+firing.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Force the radio frequency to 434.550MHz when the
+debug clock pin is connected to ground at boot
+time. This provides a way to talk to a TeleMini
+which is configured to some unknown frequency.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Provide RSSI values for Monitor Idle mode. This
+makes it easy to check radio range without needing
+to go to flight mode.
+</li></ul></div><p>AltOS Fixes:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Fix a bug where the data reported in telemetry
+packets was from 320ms ago.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Fix a bug which caused the old received telemetry
+packets to be retransmitted over the USB link when
+the radio was turned off and back on.
+</li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altosui_3"></a>F.14.2. AltosUI</h3></div></div></div><p>AltosUI New Features:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Make the look-n-feel configurable, providing a choice from
+the available options.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Add an <span class="emphasis"><em>Age</em></span> element to mark how long since a
+telemetry packet has been received. Useful to
+quickly gauge whether communications with the rocket
+are still active.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Add <span class="emphasis"><em>Configure Ground Station</em></span> dialog to set the
+radio frequency used by a particular TeleDongle
+without having to go through the flight monitor UI.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Add configuration for the new apogee-lockout
+value. A menu provides a list of reasonable values,
+or the value can be set by hand.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Add Imperial units mode to present data in feet
+instead of meters.
+</li></ul></div><p>AltosUI Fixes:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Fix a bug that caused GPS ready to happen too
+quickly. The software was using every telemetry
+packet to signal new GPS data, which caused GPS
+ready to be signalled after 10 packets instead of 10
+GPS updates.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Fix Google Earth data export to work with recent
+versions. The google earth file loading code got a
+lot pickier, requiring some minor white space
+changes in the export code.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Changed how flight data are downloaded. Now there’s
+an initial dialog asking which flights to download,
+and after that finishes, a second dialog comes up
+asking which flights to delete.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Re-compute time spent in each state for the flight
+graph; this figures out the actual boost and landing
+times instead of using the conservative values
+provide by the flight electronics. This improves the
+accuracy of the boost acceleration and main descent
+rate computations.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Make AltosUI run on Mac OS Lion. The default Java
+heap space was dramatically reduced for this release
+causing much of the UI to fail randomly. This most
+often affected the satellite mapping download and
+displays.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Change how data are displayed in the <span class="emphasis"><em>table</em></span> tab of
+the flight monitoring window. This eliminates
+entries duplicated from the header and adds both
+current altitude and pad altitude, which are useful
+in <span class="emphasis"><em>Monitor Idle</em></span> mode.
+</li></ul></div><p></p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_release_notes_for_version_1_0_1"></a>F.15. Release Notes for Version 1.0.1</h2></div></div></div><p>Version 1.0.1 is a major release, adding support for the
+TeleMini device and lots of new AltosUI features</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altos_13"></a>F.15.1. AltOS</h3></div></div></div><p>AltOS New Features</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Add TeleMini v1.0 support.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Support operation of TeleMetrum with the antenna pointing
+aft. Previous firmware versions required the antenna to be
+pointing upwards, now there is a configuration option
+allowing the antenna to point aft, to aid installation in
+some airframes.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Ability to disable telemetry. For airframes where an antenna
+just isn’t possible, or where radio transmissions might
+cause trouble with other electronics, there’s a
+configuration option to disable all telemetry. Note that the
+board will still enable the radio link in idle mode.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Arbitrary frequency selection. The radios in Altus Metrum
+devices can be programmed to a wide range of frequencies, so
+instead of limiting devices to 10 pre-selected <span class="emphasis"><em>channels</em></span>,
+the new firmware allows the user to choose any frequency in
+the 70cm band. Note that the RF matching circuit on the
+boards is tuned for around 435MHz, so frequencies far from
+that may reduce the available range.
+</li></ul></div><p>AltOS Fixes</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Change telemetry to be encoded in multiple 32-byte
+packets. This enables support for TeleMini and other devices
+without requiring further updates to the TeleDongle
+firmware.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Kalman-filter based flight-tracking. The model based sensor
+fusion approach of a Kalman filter means that AltOS now
+computes apogee much more accurately than before, generally
+within a fraction of a second. In addition, this approach
+allows the baro-only TeleMini device to correctly identify
+Mach transitions, avoiding the error-prone selection of a
+Mach delay.
+</li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altosui_application_6"></a>F.15.2. AltosUI Application</h3></div></div></div><p>AltosUI New Features</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Add main/apogee voltage graphs to the data
+plot. This provides a visual indication if the
+igniters fail before being fired.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Scan for altimeter devices by watching the defined
+telemetry frequencies. This avoids the problem of
+remembering what frequency a device was configured
+to use, which is especially important with TeleMini
+which does not include a USB connection.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Monitor altimeter state in "Idle" mode. This
+provides much of the information presented in the
+"Pad" dialog from the Monitor Flight command,
+monitoring the igniters, battery and GPS status
+withing requiring the flight computer to be armed
+and ready for flight.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Pre-load map images from home. For those launch
+sites which don’t provide free Wi-Fi, this allows
+you to download the necessary satellite images
+given the location of the launch site. A list of
+known launch sites is maintained at altusmetrum.org
+which AltosUI downloads to populate a menu; if
+you’ve got a launch site not on that list, please
+send the name of it, latitude and longitude along
+with a link to the web site of the controlling club
+to the altusmetrum mailing list.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Flight statistics are now displayed in the Graph
+data window. These include max height/speed/accel,
+average descent rates and a few other bits of
+information. The Graph Data window can now be
+reached from the <span class="emphasis"><em>Landed</em></span> tab in the Monitor Flight
+window so you can immediately see the results of a
+flight.
+</li></ul></div><p>AltosUI Changes</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Wait for altimeter when using packet mode. Instead
+of quicly timing out when trying to initialize a
+packet mode configuration connection, AltosUI now
+waits indefinitely for the remote device to appear,
+providing a cancel button should the user get
+bored. This is necessary as the TeleMini can only be
+placed in "Idle" mode if AltosUI is polling it.
+</li></ul></div><p></p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_release_notes_for_version_0_9_2"></a>F.16. Release Notes for Version 0.9.2</h2></div></div></div><p>Version 0.9.2 is an AltosUI bug-fix release, with no firmware
+changes.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altosui_4"></a>F.16.1. AltosUI</h3></div></div></div><p>AltosUI fixes:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Fix plotting problems due to missing file in the Mac
+OS install image.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Always read whole eeprom blocks, mark empty records
+invalid, display parsing errors to user.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Add software version to Configure AltosUI dialog
+</li></ul></div><p></p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_release_notes_for_version_0_9"></a>F.17. Release Notes for Version 0.9</h2></div></div></div><p>Version 0.9 adds a few new firmware features and accompanying
+AltosUI changes, along with new hardware support.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altos_14"></a>F.17.1. AltOS</h3></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Support for TeleMetrum v1.1 hardware. Sources for the flash
+memory part used in v1.0 dried up, so v1.1 uses a different
+part which required a new driver and support for explicit
+flight log erasing.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Multiple flight log support. This stores more than one
+flight log in the on-board flash memory. It also requires
+the user to explicitly erase flights so that you won’t lose
+flight logs just because you fly the same board twice in one
+day.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Telemetry support for devices with serial number >= 256.
+Previous versions used a telemetry packet format that
+provided only 8 bits for the device serial number. This
+change requires that both ends of the telemetry link be
+running the 0.9 firmware or they will not communicate.
+</li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altosui_application_7"></a>F.17.2. AltosUI Application</h3></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Support for telemetry format changes.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Support for multiple flight logs.
+</li></ul></div><p></p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_release_notes_for_version_0_8"></a>F.18. Release Notes for Version 0.8</h2></div></div></div><p>Version 0.8 offers a major upgrade in the AltosUI
+interface.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altosui_application_8"></a>F.18.1. AltosUI Application:</h3></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Post-flight graphing tool. This lets you explore the
+behaviour of your rocket after flight with a scroll-able and
+zoom-able chart showing the altitude, speed and acceleration
+of the airframe along with events recorded by the flight
+computer. You can export graphs to PNG files, or print them
+directly.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Real-time moving map which overlays the in-progress flight
+on satellite imagery fetched from Google Maps. This lets you
+see in pictures where your rocket has landed, allowing you
+to plan recovery activities more accurately.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Wireless recovery system testing. Prep your rocket for
+flight and test fire the deployment charges to make sure
+things work as expected. All without threading wires through
+holes in your airframe.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Optimized flight status displays. Each flight state now has
+it’s own custom <span class="emphasis"><em>tab</em></span> in the flight monitoring window so you
+can focus on the most important details. Pre-flight, the
+system shows a set of red/green status indicators for
+battery voltage, apogee/main igniter continutity and GPS
+reception. Wait until they’re all green and your rocket is
+ready for flight. There are also tabs for ascent, descent
+and landing along with the original tabular view of the
+data.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Monitor multiple flights simultaneously. If you have more
+than one TeleDongle, you can monitor a flight with each one
+on the same computer.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Automatic flight monitoring at startup. Plug TeleDongle into
+the machine before starting AltosUI and it will
+automatically connect to it and prepare to monitor a flight.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Exports Google Earth flight tracks. Using the Keyhole Markup
+Language (.kml) file format, this provides a 3D view of your
+rocket flight through the Google Earth program.
+</li></ul></div><p></p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="_release_notes_for_version_0_7_1"></a>F.19. Release Notes for Version 0.7.1</h2></div></div></div><p>Version 0.7.1 is the first release containing our new
+cross-platform Java-based user interface.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="_altosui_application_9"></a>F.19.1. AltosUI Application</h3></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+Receive and log telemetry from a connected TeleDongle
+device. All data received is saved to log files named with
+the current date and the connected rocket serial and flight
+numbers. There is no mode in which telemetry data will not
+be saved.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Download logged data from TeleMetrum devices, either through
+a direct USB connection or over the air through a TeleDongle
+device.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Configure a TeleMetrum device, setting the radio channel,
+callsign, apogee delay and main deploy height. This can be
+done through either a USB connection or over a radio link
+via a TeleDongle device.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Replay a flight in real-time. This takes a saved telemetry
+log or eeprom download and replays it through the user
+interface so you can relive your favorite rocket flights.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Reprogram Altus Metrum devices. Using an Altus Metrum device
+connected via USB, another Altus Metrum device can be
+reprogrammed using the supplied programming cable between
+the two devices.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Export Flight data to a comma-separated-values file. This
+takes either telemetry or on-board flight data and generates
+data suitable for use in external applications. All data is
+exported using standard units so that no device-specific
+knowledge is needed to handle the data.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Speak to you during the flight. Instead of spending the
+flight hunched over your laptop looking at the screen, enjoy
+the view while the computer tells you what’s going on up
+there. During ascent, you hear the current flight state and
+altitude information. During descent, you get azimuth,
+elevation and range information to try and help you find
+your rocket in the air. Once on the ground, the direction
+and distance are reported.
+</li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></body></html>
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