[debian/splat] / docs / postscript / splat.ps

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(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10.95
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/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(S)2.5 E F0(ignal)A F2(P)2.5 E F0(ropag)A(ation,)
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(errain analysis tool)A F1(SYNOPSIS)72 112.8 Q F0 2.893(splat [-t)108
124.8 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(tr)7.893 E(ansmitter_site)-.15 E(.qth)
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(.qth)-.15 E F0 5.393(][)C(-c)-5.393 E F3 2.892
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(nalysis).1 E(\(feet/meter)108 136.8 Q .399(s\) \(\215oat\))-.1 F F0
2.899(][)C(-L)-2.899 E F3 .399(rx antenna height for Longle)2.899 F .399
(y-Rice co)-.3 F(ver)-.1 E .599 -.1(age a)-.15 H .399
(nalysis \(feet/meter).1 F .4(s\) \(\215oat\))-.1 F F0 2.9(][)C(-p)-2.9
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(.e)-.15 E(xt)-.2 E F0 2.85(][)C(-e)-2.85 E F3(ele)2.85 E(vation_pr)-.15
E(o\214le)-.45 E(.e)-.15 E(xt)-.2 E F0 2.85(][)C(-h)-2.85 E F3
(height_pr)2.85 E(o\214le)-.45 E(.e)-.15 E(xt)-.2 E F0 2.85(][)C(-H)
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F0 2.85(][)C(-l)-2.85 E F3(Lon-)2.85 E(gle)108 160.8 Q(y-Rice_pr)-.3 E
(o\214le)-.45 E(.e)-.15 E(xt)-.2 E F0 5.518(][)C(-o)-5.518 E F3(topo)
5.518 E(gr)-.1 E(aphic_map_\214lename)-.15 E(.ppm)-.15 E F0 5.518(][)C
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(.dat)-.15 E F0 3.236(][)C(-d)-3.236 E F3(sdf_dir)3.236 E(ectory_path)
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(adius multiplier \(\215oat\))-.15 F F0 3.235(][)C(-f)-3.235 E F3(fr)
3.235 E .735(equency \(MHz\) for)-.37 F -1.77 -.55(Fr e)108 184.8 T .815
(snel zone calculations \(\215oat\)).55 F F0 3.315(][)C(-R)-3.315 E F3
.815(maximum co)3.315 F(ver)-.1 E 1.016 -.1(age r)-.15 H .816
(adius \(miles/kilometer)-.05 F .816(s\) \(\215oat\))-.1 F F0 3.316(][)C
(-dB)-3.316 E F3(maximum)3.316 E 1.431
(attenuation contour to display on path loss maps \(80-230 dB\))108
196.8 R F0 3.931(][)C(-nf)-3.931 E F3 1.43(do not plot F)3.93 F -.37(re)
-.55 G 1.43(snel zones in height).37 F(plots)108 208.8 Q F0 2.874(][)C
(-plo)-2.874 E F3(path_loss_output_\214le)2.874 E(.txt)-.15 E F0 2.874
(][)C(-pli)-2.874 E F3(path_loss_input_\214le)2.874 E(.txt)-.15 E F0
2.874(][)C(-udt)-2.874 E F3(user_de\214ned_terr)2.875 E(ain_\214le)-.15
E(.dat)-.15 E F0 2.875(][)C(-n])-2.875 E([-N] [-geo] [-kml] [-metric])
108 220.8 Q F1(DESCRIPTION)72 237.6 Q F2(SPLA)108 249.6 Q(T!)-.95 E F0
.854(is a po)3.354 F .854(werful terrestrial RF propag)-.25 F .853
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(ring the spectrum between).15 F .968(20 MHz and 20 GHz.)108 261.6 R F2
(SPLA)5.968 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .968(is free softw)3.468 F .968
(are, and is designed for operation on Unix and Linux-based)-.1 F -.1
(wo)108 273.6 S 3.171(rkstations. Redistrib).1 F .671(ution and/or modi\
\214cation is permitted under the terms of the GNU General Public)-.2 F
.376(License as published by the Free Softw)108 285.6 R .376(are F)-.1 F
.376(oundation, either v)-.15 F .376(ersion 2 of the License or an)-.15
F 2.876(yl)-.15 G .376(ater v)-2.876 F(ersion.)-.15 E .349(Adoption of)
108 297.6 R F2(SPLA)2.849 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .349(source code in proprietar\
y or closed-source applications is a violation of this license,)2.849 F
(and is)108 309.6 Q F2(strictly)2.5 E F0(forbidden.)2.5 E F2(SPLA)108
333.6 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .53(is distrib)3.03 F .531
(uted in the hope that it will be useful, b)-.2 F .531(ut WITHOUT ANY W)
-.2 F(ARRANTY)-1.2 E 3.031(,w)-1.29 G .531(ithout e)-3.031 F -.15(ve)
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-.1 F .959(ABILITY or FITNESS FOR A P)-.93 F(AR)-.92 E .959
(TICULAR PURPOSE. See the)-.6 F
(GNU General Public License for more details.)108 357.6 Q F1(INTR)72
374.4 Q(ODUCTION)-.329 E F0 .574(Applications of)108 386.4 R F2(SPLA)
3.074 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .574(include the visualization, design, and link b)
3.074 F .575(udget analysis of wireless W)-.2 F .575(ide Area)-.4 F
(Netw)108 398.4 Q 1.94(orks \(W)-.1 F 1.939
(ANs\), commercial and amateur radio communication systems abo)-1.2 F
2.239 -.15(ve 2)-.15 H 4.439(0M).15 G 1.939(Hz, micro)-4.439 F -.1(wa)
-.25 G -.15(ve)-.1 G .92(links, frequenc)108 410.4 R 3.42(yc)-.15 G .92
(oordination and interference studies, and the determination of analog \
and digital terres-)-3.42 F(trial radio and tele)108 422.4 Q
(vision contour re)-.25 E(gions.)-.15 E F2(SPLA)108 446.4 Q(T!)-.95 E F0
(pro)4.691 E 2.191(vides RF site engineering data such as great circle \
distances and bearings between sites,)-.15 F 2.724(antenna ele)108 458.4
R -.25(va)-.25 G 2.724(tion angles \(uptilt\), depression angles \(do)
.25 F 2.724(wntilt\), antenna height abo)-.25 F 3.024 -.15(ve m)-.15 H
2.725(ean sea le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(l,).15 E .22(antenna height abo)
108 470.4 R .52 -.15(ve a)-.15 H -.15(ve)-.05 G .22
(rage terrain, bearings and distances to kno).15 F .22
(wn obstructions, and Longle)-.25 F .22(y-Rice path)-.15 F 2.726
(attenuation. In)108 482.4 R .226(addition, the minimum antenna height \
requirements needed to clear terrain, the \214rst Fresnel)2.726 F
(zone, and 60% of the \214rst Fresnel zone are also pro)108 494.4 Q
(vided.)-.15 E F2(SPLA)108 518.4 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .102(produces reports, \
graphs, and high resolution topographic maps that depict line-of-sight \
paths, and)2.603 F(re)108 530.4 Q .153
(gional path loss contours through which e)-.15 F .154(xpected co)-.15 F
-.15(ve)-.15 G .154(rage areas of transmitters and repeater systems can)
.15 F 1.237(be obtained.)108 542.4 R 1.237(When performing line-of-sigh\
t analysis in situations where multiple transmitter or repeater)6.237 F
.368(sites are emplo)108 554.4 R(yed,)-.1 E F2(SPLA)2.868 E(T!)-.95 E F0
.368(determines indi)2.868 F .369(vidual and mutual areas of co)-.25 F
-.15(ve)-.15 G .369(rage within the netw).15 F .369(ork speci-)-.1 F
(\214ed.)108 566.4 Q(Simply typing)108 590.4 Q/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(splat)
2.5 E F0(on the command line will return a summary of)2.5 E F2(SPLA)2.5
E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.1 -.55('s c)D(ommand line options:).55 E F4
(--==[ SPLAT! v1.2.0 Available Options... ]==--)198 614.4 Q
(-t txsite\(s\).qth \(max of 4\))144 638.4 Q(-r rxsite.qth)144 650.4 Q
(-c plot coverage of TX\(s\) with an RX antenna at X feet/meters AGL)144
662.4 Q(-L plot path loss map of TX based on an RX at X feet/meters AGL)
144 674.4 Q
(-s filename\(s\) of city/site file\(s\) to import \(max of 5\))144
686.4 Q(-b filename\(s\) of cartographic boundary file\(s\) to import \
\(5 max\))144 698.4 Q(-p filename of terrain profile graph to plot)144
710.4 Q(-e filename of terrain elevation graph to plot)144 722.4 Q F0
(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.625(are 20)-.1 F(December 2006)2.5 E(1)190.955
E EP
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(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF
(-h filename of terrain height graph to plot)144 84 Q
(-H filename of normalized terrain height graph to plot)144 96 Q
(-l filename of Longley-Rice graph to plot)144 108 Q
(-o filename of topographic map to generate \(.ppm\))144 120 Q
(-u filename of user-defined terrain file to import)144 132 Q
(-d sdf file directory path \(overrides path in ~/.splat_path file\))144
144 Q(-n no analysis, brief report)144 156 Q(-N no analysis, no report)
144 168 Q(-m earth radius multiplier)144 180 Q
(-f frequency for Fresnel zone calculation \(MHz\))144 192 Q
(-R modify default range for -c or -L \(miles/kilometers\))144 204 Q
(-db maximum loss contour to display on path loss maps \(80-230 dB\))138
216 Q(-nf do not plot Fresnel zones in height plots)138 228 Q
(-plo filename of path-loss output file)132 240 Q
(-pli filename of path-loss input file)132 252 Q
(-udt filename of user defined terrain input file)132 264 Q
(-geo generate a .geo georeference file \(with .ppm output\))132 276 Q
(-kml generate a Google Earth .kml file \(for point-to-point links\))132
288 Q(-metric employ metric rather than imperial units for all user I/O)
114 300 Q/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(INPUT FILES)72 328.8 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)108 340.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .508
(is a command-line dri)3.008 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.008(na).15 G .507
(pplication, and reads input data through a number of data \214les.)
-3.008 F(Some)5.507 E 1.42(\214les are mandatory for successful e)108
352.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.42
(cution of the program, while others are optional.).15 F 1.42
(Mandatory \214les)6.42 F 1.085(include 3-arc second topograph)108 364.8
R 3.585(ym)-.05 G 1.085(odels in the form of SPLA)-3.585 F 3.585(TD)
-1.11 G 1.085(ata Files \(SDF \214les\), site location \214les)-3.585 F
.394(\(QTH \214les\), and Longle)108 376.8 R .394
(y-Rice model parameter \214les \(LRP \214les\).)-.15 F .395
(Optional \214les include city location \214les,)5.394 F 1.324
(cartographic boundary \214les, user)108 388.8 R 1.323(-de\214ned terra\
in \214les, path-loss input \214les, and antenna radiation pattern)-.2 F
(\214les.)108 400.8 Q F2(SPLA)72 417.6 Q 2.738(TD)-1.04 G -1.644 -1.04
(AT A)-3.121 H(FILES)3.778 E F3(SPLA)108 429.6 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .43
(imports topographic data in the form of SPLA)2.93 F 2.93(TD)-1.11 G .43
(ata Files \(SDFs\).)-2.93 F .43(These \214les may be generated)5.43 F
.737(from a number of information sources.)108 441.6 R .737
(In the United States, SPLA)5.737 F 3.237(TD)-1.11 G .737
(ata Files can be generated through)-3.237 F 5.441(U.S. Geological)108
453.6 R(Surv)5.441 E 3.241 -.15(ey D)-.15 H 2.941(igital Ele).15 F -.25
(va)-.25 G 2.942(tion Models \(DEMs\) using the).25 F F3(usgs2sdf)5.442
E F0 2.942(utility included with)5.442 F F3(SPLA)108 465.6 Q(T!)-.95 E
F0 8.595(.U)C 3.595(SGS Digital Ele)-8.595 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.595
(tion Models compatible with this utility may be do).25 F 3.595
(wnloaded from:)-.25 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(http://edcftp.cr)108
477.6 Q(.usgs.go)-1.11 E(v/pub/data/DEM/250/)-.1 E F0(.)A .798
(Signi\214cantly better resolution and accurac)108 501.6 R 3.298(yc)-.15
G .798(an be obtained through the use of SR)-3.298 F .798(TM-3 V)-.6 F
.798(ersion 2 digital)-1.11 F(ele)108 513.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .66
(tion models.).25 F .659
(These models are the product of the STS-99 Space Shuttle Radar T)5.66 F
(opograph)-.8 E 3.159(yM)-.05 G(ission,)-3.159 E .045(and are a)108
525.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .045(ilable for most populated re).25 F .045
(gions of the Earth.)-.15 F(SPLA)5.045 E 2.545(TD)-1.11 G .046
(ata Files may be generated from SR)-2.545 F(TM)-.6 E .062
(data using the included)108 537.6 R F3(srtm2sdf)2.562 E F0(utility)
2.562 E 5.061(.S)-.65 G -.6(RT)-5.061 G .061(M-3 V).6 F .061
(ersion 2 data may be obtained through anon)-1.11 F .061(ymous FTP)-.15
F(from:)108 549.6 Q F4(ftp://e0srp01u.ecs.nasa.go)2.5 E(v:21/srtm/ver)
-.1 E(sion2/)-.1 E F0 .241(Despite the higher accurac)108 573.6 R 2.741
(yt)-.15 G .241(hat SR)-2.741 F .241(TM data has to of)-.6 F(fer)-.25 E
2.741(,s)-.4 G .241(ome v)-2.741 F .241(oids in the data sets e)-.2 F
2.741(xist. When)-.15 F -.2(vo)2.741 G .242(ids are).2 F .332
(detected, the)108 585.6 R F3(srtm2sdf)2.832 E F0 .332
(utility replaces them with corresponding data found in e)2.832 F .332
(xisting SDF \214les \(that were)-.15 F .033
(presumably created from earlier USGS data through the)108 597.6 R F3
(usgs2sdf)2.533 E F0 2.533(utility\). If)2.533 F(USGS-deri)2.534 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.534(dS).15 G .034(DF data is not)-2.534 F -.2(av)108 609.6
S(ailable, v)-.05 E(oids are handled through adjacent pix)-.2 E(el a)
-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G(raging, or direct replacement.).15 E(SPLA)108 633.6
Q 2.782(TD)-1.11 G .282(ata Files contain inte)-2.782 F .282(ger v)-.15
F .282(alue topographic ele)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .282
(tions \(in meters\) referenced to mean sea le).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
2.782(lf).15 G(or)-2.782 E(1-de)108 645.6 Q .061(gree by 1-de)-.15 F
.061(gree re)-.15 F .061
(gions of the earth with a resolution of 3-arc seconds.)-.15 F .062
(SDF \214les can be read in either)5.062 F .712(standard format \()108
657.6 R F4(.sdf)A F0 3.212(\)a)C 3.212(sg)-3.212 G .712(enerated by the)
-3.212 F F3(usgs2sdf)3.211 E F0(and)3.211 E F3(srtm2sdf)3.211 E F0 .711
(utilities, or in bzip2 compressed format)3.211 F(\()108 669.6 Q F4
(.sdf)A(.bz2)-.15 E F0 3.067(\). Since)B .568
(uncompressed \214les can be processed slightly f)3.067 F .568
(aster than \214les that ha)-.1 F .868 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .568
(een compressed,).15 F F3(SPLA)108 681.6 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 1.764
(searches for needed SDF data in uncompressed format \214rst.)4.265 F
1.764(If uncompressed data cannot be)6.764 F(located,)108 693.6 Q F3
(SPLA)3.47 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .97
(then searches for data in bzip2 compressed format.)3.47 F .971
(If no compressed SDF \214les can be)5.971 F .779(found for the re)108
705.6 R .779(gion requested,)-.15 F F3(SPLA)3.278 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .778
(assumes the re)3.278 F .778(gion is o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.278(rw)
.15 G(ater)-3.378 E 3.278(,a)-.4 G .778(nd will assign an ele)-3.278 F
-.25(va)-.25 G .778(tion of).25 F(sea-le)108 717.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
(lt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(hese areas.)-2.5 E(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.625
(are 20)-.1 F(December 2006)2.5 E(2)190.955 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E 1.061
(This feature of)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)3.561 E(T!)-.95 E
F0(mak)3.561 E 1.061(es it possible to perform path analysis not only o)
-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.561(rl).15 G 1.062(and, b)-3.561 F 1.062
(ut also between)-.2 F .555
(coastal areas not represented by Digital Ele)108 96 R -.25(va)-.25 G
.554(tion Model data.).25 F(Ho)5.554 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.354
-.4(r, t).15 H .554(his beha).4 F .554(vior of)-.2 F F1(SPLA)3.054 E(T!)
-.95 E F0(under)5.554 E(-)-.2 E 1.575(scores the importance of ha)108
108 R 1.575(ving all the SDF \214les required for the re)-.2 F 1.575
(gion being analyzed if meaningful)-.15 F(results are to be e)108 120 Q
(xpected.)-.15 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SITE LOCA)72 136.8 Q
(TION \(QTH\) FILES)-1.04 E F1(SPLA)108 148.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .839
(imports site location information of transmitter and recei)3.339 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.338(rs).15 G .838(ites analyzed by the program from)-3.338
F .375(ASCII \214les ha)108 160.8 R .375(ving a)-.2 F/F3 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(.qth)2.875 E F0 -.15(ex)2.875 G 2.875(tension. QTH)
.15 F .375(\214les contain the site')2.875 F 2.875(sn)-.55 G .375
(ame, the site')-2.875 F 2.876(sl)-.55 G .376(atitude \(positi)-2.876 F
.676 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.876(fN).15 G(orth)-2.876 E 1.127(of the equator)
108 172.8 R 3.626(,n)-.4 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.626 H(ti).15 E 1.426 -.15
(ve i)-.25 H 3.626(fS).15 G 1.126(outh\), the site')-3.626 F 3.626(sl)
-.55 G 1.126(ongitude \(in de)-3.626 F 1.126(grees W)-.15 F 1.126
(est, 0 to 360 de)-.8 F 1.126(grees\), and the site')-.15 F(s)-.55 E
1.639(antenna height abo)108 184.8 R 1.939 -.15(ve g)-.15 H 1.639
(round le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.139(l\().15 G -.4(AG)-4.139 G 1.639
(L\), each separated by a single line-feed character).4 F 6.64(.T)-.55 G
1.64(he antenna)-6.64 F .459
(height is assumed to be speci\214ed in feet unless follo)108 196.8 R
.459(wed by the letter)-.25 F F3(m)2.959 E F0 .459(or the w)2.959 F(ord)
-.1 E F3(meter)2.959 E(s)-.1 E F0 .459(in either upper)2.959 F .424
(or lo)108 208.8 R .424(wer case.)-.25 F .425
(Latitude and longitude information may be e)5.424 F .425
(xpressed in either decimal format \(74.6889\) or)-.15 F(de)108 220.8 Q
(gree, minute, second \(DMS\) format \(74 41 20.0\).)-.15 E -.15(Fo)108
244.8 S 3.356(re).15 G .856
(xample, a site location \214le describing tele)-3.506 F .856
(vision station WNJT)-.25 F 3.356(,T)-.74 G .856(renton, NJ \()-3.706 F
F3(wnjt.qth)A F0 3.356(\)m)C .856(ight read as)-3.356 F(follo)108 256.8
Q(ws:)-.25 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(WNJT)156 280.8 Q(40.2833)156 292.8 Q
(74.6889)156 304.8 Q(990.00)156 316.8 Q F0 .23
(Each transmitter and recei)108 340.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.73(rs).15 G .23
(ite analyzed by)-2.73 F F1(SPLA)2.73 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .23
(must be represented by its o)2.73 F .23(wn site location \(QTH\))-.25 F
(\214le.)108 352.8 Q F2(LONGLEY)72 369.6 Q(-RICE P)-1.007 E
(ARAMETER \(LRP\) FILES)-.81 E F0(Longle)108 381.6 Q 1.082
(y-Rice parameter data \214les are required for)-.15 F F1(SPLA)3.581 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 1.081(to determine RF path loss in either point-to-)3.581
F .291(point or area prediction mode.)108 393.6 R(Longle)5.291 E .291
(y-Rice model parameter data is read from \214les ha)-.15 F .292
(ving the same base)-.2 F(name as the transmitter site QTH \214le, b)108
405.6 Q(ut with a format \()-.2 E F3(wnjt.lrp)A F0(\):)A F4 6(15.000 ;)
156 429.6 R(Earth Dielectric Constant \(Relative permittivity\))6 E 12
(0.005 ;)156 441.6 R(Earth Conductivity \(Siemens per meter\))6 E
(301.000 ; Atmospheric Bending Constant \(N-units\))156 453.6 Q
(700.000 ; Frequency in MHz \(20 MHz to 20 GHz\))156 465.6 Q 42(5;)156
477.6 S(Radio Climate \(5 = Continental Temperate\))-36 E 42(0;)156
489.6 S(Polarization \(0 = Horizontal, 1 = Vertical\))-36 E 24(0.5 ;)156
501.6 R(Fraction of situations \(50% of locations\))6 E 24(0.5 ;)156
513.6 R(Fraction of time \(50% of the time\))6 E F0 .771(If an LRP \214\
le corresponding to the tx_site QTH \214le cannot be found,)108 537.6 R
F1(SPLA)3.27 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .77(scans the current w)3.27 F(orking)-.1 E
.085(directory for the \214le "splat.lrp".)108 549.6 R .085
(If this \214le cannot be found, then the def)5.085 F .085
(ault parameters listed abo)-.1 F .385 -.15(ve w)-.15 H .085(ill be).15
F .528(assigned by)108 561.6 R F1(SPLA)3.028 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .527(and a \
corresponding "splat.lrp" \214le containing this data will be written t\
o the current)3.028 F -.1(wo)108 573.6 S(rking directory).1 E 5(.")-.65
G(splat.lrp" can then be edited by the user as needed.)-5 E -.8(Ty)108
597.6 S(pical Earth dielectric constants and conducti).8 E(vity v)-.25 E
(alues are as follo)-.25 E(ws:)-.25 E F4(Dielectric Constant)270 621.6 Q
(Conductivity)12 E(Salt water)156 633.6 Q 48(:8)42 G 96(05)-48 G(.000)
-96 E(Good ground)156 645.6 Q 48(:2)36 G 96(50)-48 G(.020)-96 E
(Fresh water)156 657.6 Q 48(:8)36 G 96(00)-48 G(.010)-96 E(Marshy land)
156 669.6 Q 48(:1)36 G 96(20)-48 G(.007)-96 E(Farmland, forest :)156
681.6 Q 90(15 0.005)48 F(Average ground)156 693.6 Q 48(:1)18 G 96(50)-48
G(.005)-96 E(Mountain, sand)156 705.6 Q 48(:1)18 G 96(30)-48 G(.002)-96
E 72(City :)156 717.6 R 96(50)54 G(.001)-96 E(Poor ground)156 729.6 Q
-18 54(:4 0)36 H(.001)-54 E F0(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.625(are 20)-.1 F
(December 2006)2.5 E(3)190.955 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E
(Radio climate codes used by)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)2.5 E
(T!)-.95 E F0(are as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF
(1: Equatorial \(Congo\))156 108 Q(2: Continental Subtropical \(Sudan\))
156 120 Q(3: Maritime Subtropical \(West coast of Africa\))156 132 Q
(4: Desert \(Sahara\))156 144 Q(5: Continental Temperate)156 156 Q
(6: Maritime Temperate, over land \(UK and west coasts of US & EU\))156
168 Q(7: Maritime Temperate, over sea)156 180 Q F0 1.487
(The Continental T)108 204 R 1.486(emperate climate is common to lar)-.7
F 1.486(ge land masses in the temperate zone, such as the)-.18 F .756
(United States.)108 216 R -.15(Fo)5.756 G 3.256(rp).15 G .756
(aths shorter than 100 km, there is little dif)-3.256 F .756
(ference between Continental and Maritime)-.25 F -.7(Te)108 228 S
(mperate climates.).7 E .379(The \214nal tw)108 252 R 2.879(op)-.1 G
.379(arameters in the)-2.879 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(.lrp)2.879 E F0
.379(\214le correspond to the statistical analysis pro)2.879 F .378
(vided by the Longle)-.15 F(y-Rice)-.15 E 2.537(model. In)108 264 R .037
(this e)2.537 F(xample,)-.15 E F1(SPLA)2.537 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .038(will r\
eturn the maximum path loss occurring 50% of the time \(fraction of)
5.037 F .346(time\) in 50% of situations \(fraction of situations\).)108
276 R .346(In the United States, use a fraction of time parameter of)
5.346 F(0.97 for digital tele)108 288 Q(vision \(8VSB modulation\), or \
0.50 for analog \(VSB-AM+NTSC\) transmissions.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 312 S
2.782(rf).15 G .282(urther information on these parameters, see:)-2.782
F F3(http://\215attop.its.bldr)2.782 E(doc.go)-.37 E(v/itm.html)-.1 E F0
(and)2.783 E F3(http://www)2.783 E(.soft-)-.74 E
(wright.com/faq/engineering/pr)108 324 Q(op_longle)-.45 E(y_rice)-.3 E
(.html)-.15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(CITY LOCA)72 340.8 Q(TION FILES)
-1.04 E F0 .807(The names and locations of cities, to)108 352.8 R .807
(wer sites, or other points of interest may be imported and plotted on)
-.25 F .797(topographic maps generated by)108 364.8 R F1(SPLA)3.297 E
(T!)-.95 E F0(.)A F1(SPLA)5.797 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .797
(imports the names of cities and locations from ASCII)3.297 F .111
(\214les containing the location of interest')108 376.8 R 2.611(sn)-.55
G .111(ame, latitude, and longitude.)-2.611 F .11
(Each \214eld is separated by a comma.)5.111 F .949
(Each record is separated by a single line feed character)108 388.8 R
5.949(.A)-.55 G 3.449(sw)-5.949 G .949(as the case with the)-3.549 F F3
(.qth)3.449 E F0 .949(\214les, latitude and)3.449 F
(longitude information may be entered in either decimal or de)108 400.8
Q(gree, minute, second \(DMS\) format.)-.15 E -.15(Fo)108 424.8 S 2.5
(re).15 G(xample \()-2.65 E F3(cities.dat)A F0(\):)A F2
(Teaneck, 40.891973, 74.014506)156 448.8 Q
(Tenafly, 40.919212, 73.955892)156 460.8 Q
(Teterboro, 40.859511, 74.058908)156 472.8 Q
(Tinton Falls, 40.279966, 74.093924)156 484.8 Q
(Toms River, 39.977777, 74.183580)156 496.8 Q
(Totowa, 40.906160, 74.223310)156 508.8 Q(Trenton, 40.219922, 74.754665)
156 520.8 Q F0 3.2(At)108 544.8 S .7(otal of \214v)-3.2 F 3.2(es)-.15 G
.699(eparate city data \214les may be imported at a time, and there is \
no limit to the size of these)-3.2 F(\214les.)108 556.8 Q F1(SPLA)6.369
E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.369(reads city data on a "\214rst come/\214rst serv)
3.869 F 1.37(ed" basis, and plots only those locations whose)-.15 F .113
(annotations do not con\215ict with annotations of locations read earli\
er in the current city data \214le, or in pre)108 568.8 R(vi-)-.25 E
.539(ous \214les.)108 580.8 R .539(This beha)5.539 F .539
(vior minimizes clutter in)-.2 F F1(SPLA)3.039 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .539
(generated topographic maps, b)3.039 F .54(ut also mandates that)-.2 F
.15(important locations be placed to)108 592.8 R -.1(wa)-.25 G .15
(rd the be).1 F .149(ginning of the \214rst city data \214le, and locat\
ions less important be)-.15 F(positioned further do)108 604.8 Q
(wn the list or in subsequent data \214les.)-.25 E .996
(City data \214les may be generated manually using an)108 628.8 R 3.496
(yt)-.15 G -.15(ex)-3.496 G 3.496(te).15 G(ditor)-3.496 E 3.496(,i)-.4 G
.997(mported from other sources, or deri)-3.496 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(d).15 E
1.535(from data a)108 640.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.535
(ilable from the U.S. Census Bureau using the).25 F F1(citydecoder)4.035
E F0 1.535(utility included with)4.035 F F1(SPLA)4.035 E(T!)-.95 E F0(.)
A .152(Such data is a)108 652.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .153
(ilable free of char).25 F .153(ge via the Internet at:)-.18 F F3
(http://www)2.653 E(.census.go)-.74 E(v/g)-.1 E
(eo/www/cob/bdy_\214les.html)-.1 E F0(,)A(and must be in ASCII format.)
108 664.8 Q F4(CAR)72 681.6 Q -.197(TO)-.438 G(GRAPHIC BOUND).197 E(AR)
-.383 E 2.738(YD)-.383 G -1.644 -1.04(AT A)-3.121 H(FILES)3.778 E F0
1.17(Cartographic boundary data may also be imported to plot the bounda\
ries of cities, counties, or states on)108 693.6 R .071
(topographic maps generated by)108 705.6 R F1(SPLA)2.571 E(T!)-.95 E F0
5.071(.S)C .071
(uch data must be of the form of ARC/INFO Ungenerate \(ASCII)-5.071 F
-.15(Fo)108 717.6 S 1.262
(rmat\) Metadata Cartographic Boundary Files, and are a).15 F -.25(va)
-.2 G 1.262(ilable from the U.S.).25 F 1.262(Census Bureau via the)6.262
F 48.573(Internet at:)108 729.6 R F3(http://www)51.073 E(.census.go)-.74
E(v/g)-.1 E(eo/www/cob/co2000.html#ascii)-.1 E F0(and)51.074 E
(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.625(are 20)-.1 F(December 2006)2.5 E(4)190.955
E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0
SF(http://www)108 84 Q(.census.go)-.74 E(v/g)-.1 E
(eo/www/cob/pl2000.html#ascii)-.1 E F0 5.008(.A)C .008(total of \214v)
-2.5 F 2.507(es)-.15 G .007(eparate cartographic boundary \214les)-2.507
F .196(may be imported at a time.)108 96 R .196
(It is not necessary to import state boundaries if county boundaries ha)
5.196 F .497 -.15(ve a)-.2 H(lready).15 E(been imported.)108 108 Q/F2
10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 124.8 Q(OGRAM OPERA)-.329 E(TION)-1.04 E/F3
10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)108 136.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 1.03(is in)3.53 F -.2
(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.53(dv).1 G 1.03
(ia the command-line using a series of switches and ar)-3.53 F 3.53
(guments. Since)-.18 F F3(SPLA)3.53 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.03(is a)3.53 F .745
(CPU and memory intensi)108 148.8 R 1.045 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .745
(pplication, this type of interf).15 F .745(ace minimizes o)-.1 F -.15
(ve)-.15 G .746(rhead and lends itself well to).15 F .422
(scripted \(batch\) operations.)108 160.8 R F3(SPLA)5.422 E(T!)-.95 E F0
1.522 -.55('s C)D .421
(PU and memory scheduling priority may be modi\214ed through the).55 F
(use of the Unix)108 172.8 Q F3(nice)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .225
(The number and type of switches passed to)108 196.8 R F3(SPLA)2.725 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 .226(determine its mode of operation and method of output)
2.725 F .008(data generation.)108 208.8 R .008(Nearly all of)5.008 F F3
(SPLA)2.508 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.108 -.55('s s)D .008
(witches may be cascaded in an).55 F 2.507(yo)-.15 G .007
(rder on the command line when)-2.507 F(in)108 220.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G
(king the program.).2 E F3(SPLA)108 244.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .69
(operates in tw)3.19 F 3.19(od)-.1 G .69(istinct modes:)-3.19 F F1 .69
(point-to-point mode)3.19 F F0 3.19(,a)C(nd)-3.19 E F1(ar)3.19 E .69
(ea pr)-.37 F .69(ediction mode)-.37 F F0 5.69(.E)C .69
(ither a line-of-)-5.69 F .335(sight \(LOS\) or Longle)108 256.8 R .335
(y-Rice Irre)-.15 F .335(gular T)-.15 F .335(errain \(ITM\) propag)-.7 F
.335(ation model may be in)-.05 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.834(db).1 G
2.834(yt)-2.834 G .334(he user)-2.834 F 5.334(.T)-.55 G(rue)-5.684 E
.625(Earth, four)108 268.8 R .625(-thirds Earth, or an)-.2 F 3.126(yo)
-.15 G .626(ther user)-3.126 F .626
(-de\214ned Earth radius may be speci\214ed when performing line-of-)-.2
F(sight analysis.)108 280.8 Q F2(POINT)72 297.6 Q(-T)-1.007 E
(O-POINT AN)-.197 E(AL)-.219 E(YSIS)-1.007 E F3(SPLA)108 309.6 Q(T!)-.95
E F0 1.224
(may be used to perform line-of-sight terrain analysis between tw)3.725
F 3.724(os)-.1 G 1.224(peci\214ed site locations.)-3.724 F -.15(Fo)6.224
G(r).15 E -.15(ex)108 321.6 S(ample:).15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF
(splat -t tx_site.qth -r rx_site.qth)108 345.6 Q F0(in)108 369.6 Q -.2
(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.627(sal).1 G .128
(ine-of-sight terrain analysis between the transmitter speci\214ed in)
-2.627 F F1(tx_site)2.628 E(.qth)-.15 E F0 .128(and recei)2.628 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.628(rs).15 G(peci\214ed)-2.628 E(in)108 381.6 Q F1(rx_site)
3.934 E(.qth)-.15 E F0 1.434(using a T)3.934 F 1.434
(rue Earth radius model, and writes a)-.35 F F3(SPLA)3.934 E(T!)-.95 E
F0 1.433(Obstruction Report to the current)3.934 F -.1(wo)108 393.6 S
.548(rking directory).1 F 5.548(.T)-.65 G .549
(he report contains details of the transmitter and recei)-5.548 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.049(rs).15 G .549(ites, and identi\214es the loca-)-3.049 F
.017(tion of an)108 405.6 R 2.517(yo)-.15 G .017
(bstructions detected along the line-of-sight path.)-2.517 F .016
(If an obstruction can be cleared by raising the)5.016 F(recei)108 417.6
Q .496 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .197(ntenna to a greater altitude,).15 F F3
(SPLA)2.697 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .197
(will indicate the minimum antenna height required for a line-)2.697 F
1.655(of-sight path to e)108 429.6 R 1.654
(xist between the transmitter and recei)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.154(rl)
.15 G 1.654(ocations speci\214ed.)-4.154 F 1.654
(Note that imperial units)6.654 F
(\(miles, feet\) are speci\214ed unless the)108 441.6 Q F1(-metric)2.5 E
F0(switch is added to)2.5 E F3(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.1 -.55('s c)D
(ommand line options:).55 E F4
(splat -t tx_site.qth -r rx_site.qth -metric)108 465.6 Q F0 .533(If the\
 antenna must be raised a signi\214cant amount, this determination may \
tak)108 489.6 R 3.034(eaf)-.1 G 1.034 -.25(ew m)-3.034 H 3.034
(oments. Note).25 F(that)3.034 E .33(the results pro)108 501.6 R .33
(vided are the)-.15 F F1(minimum)2.83 E F0 .33
(necessary for a line-of-sight path to e)2.83 F .329
(xist, and in the case of this sim-)-.15 F(ple e)108 513.6 Q
(xample, do not tak)-.15 E 2.5(eF)-.1 G
(resnel zone clearance requirements into consideration.)-2.5 E F1(qth)
108 537.6 Q F0 -.15(ex)2.533 G .033(tensions are assumed by).15 F F3
(SPLA)2.533 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .034
(for QTH \214les, and are optional when specifying -t and -r ar)2.533 F
(guments)-.18 E .533(on the command-line.)108 549.6 R F3(SPLA)5.532 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 .532(automatically reads all SPLA)3.032 F 3.032(TD)-1.11 G
.532(ata Files necessary to conduct the terrain)-3.032 F .911
(analysis between the sites speci\214ed.)108 561.6 R F3(SPLA)5.911 E(T!)
-.95 E F0 .912(searches for the required SDF \214les in the current w)
5.911 F(orking)-.1 E .189(directory \214rst.)108 573.6 R .189
(If the needed \214les are not found,)5.189 F F3(SPLA)2.688 E(T!)-.95 E
F0 .188(then searches in the path speci\214ed by the)2.688 F F1(-d)2.688
E F0(com-)2.688 E(mand-line switch:)108 585.6 Q F4
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -d /cdrom/sdf/)108 609.6 Q F0 .329(An e)108
633.6 R .329(xternal directory path may be speci\214ed by placing a ".s\
plat_path" \214le under the user')-.15 F 2.83(sh)-.55 G .33
(ome directory)-2.83 F(.)-.65 E 3.045(This \214le must contain the full\
 directory path of last resort to all the SDF \214les.)108 645.6 R 3.044
(The path in the)8.044 F F1($HOME/.splat_path)108 657.6 Q F0
(\214le must be of the form of a single line of ASCII te)2.5 E(xt:)-.15
E F4(/opt/splat/sdf/)108 681.6 Q F0(and can be generated using an)108
705.6 Q 2.5(yt)-.15 G -.15(ex)-2.5 G 2.5(te).15 G(ditor)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E
3.022(Ag)108 729.6 S .523
(raph of the terrain pro\214le between the recei)-3.022 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.023(ra).15 G .523
(nd transmitter locations as a function of distance from)-3.023 F
(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.625(are 20)-.1 F(December 2006)2.5 E(5)190.955
E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E(the recei)108 84 Q
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rc).15 G(an be generated by adding the)-2.5 E/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(-p)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -p terrain_profile.png)108 108 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)108 132 Q(T!)-.95 E F0(in)4.12 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1
(ke).2 G(s).1 E F3(gnuplot)4.12 E F0 1.619(when generating graphs.)4.119
F 1.619(The \214lename e)6.619 F 1.619(xtension speci\214ed to)-.15 F F3
(SPLA)4.119 E(T!)-.95 E F0(deter)4.119 E(-)-.2 E .346
(mines the format of the graph produced.)108 144 R F1(.png)5.346 E F0
.346(will produce a 640x480 color PNG graphic \214le, while)2.846 F F1
(.ps)2.847 E F0(or)2.847 E F1(.postscript)108 156 Q F0 .151
(will produce postscript output.)2.651 F .151
(Output in formats such as GIF)5.151 F 2.65(,A)-.8 G .15
(dobe Illustrator)-2.65 F 2.65(,A)-.4 G .15(utoCAD dxf,)-2.65 F(LaT)108
168 Q .159(eX, and man)-.7 F 2.659(yo)-.15 G .159(thers are a)-2.659 F
-.25(va)-.2 G 2.659(ilable. Please).25 F(consult)2.659 E F3(gnuplot)
2.659 E F0 2.659(,a)C(nd)-2.659 E F3(gnuplot)2.659 E F0 1.26 -.55('s d)D
.16(ocumentation for details on).55 F(all the supported output formats.)
108 180 Q 3.543(Ag)108 204 S 1.043(raph of ele)-3.543 F -.25(va)-.25 G
1.042(tions subtended by the terrain between the recei).25 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G 3.542(ra).15 G 1.042(nd transmitter as a function of dis-)-3.542
F(tance from the recei)108 216 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rc).15 G
(an be generated by using the)-2.5 E F1(-e)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F2
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -e elevation_profile.png)108 240 Q F0 .424
(The graph produced using this switch illustrates the ele)108 264 R -.25
(va)-.25 G .425(tion and depression angles resulting from the ter).25 F
(-)-.2 E .554(rain between the recei)108 276 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(r').15 E
3.054(sl)-.55 G .553
(ocation and the transmitter site from the perspecti)-3.054 F .853 -.15
(ve o)-.25 H 3.053(ft).15 G .553(he recei)-3.053 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r').15
E 3.053(sl)-.55 G(ocation.)-3.053 E 3.78(As)108 288 S 1.28
(econd trace is plotted between the left side of the graph \(recei)-3.78
F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r').15 E 3.781(sl)-.55 G 1.281
(ocation\) and the location of the)-3.781 F .449
(transmitting antenna on the right.)108 300 R .449
(This trace illustrates the ele)5.449 F -.25(va)-.25 G .448
(tion angle required for a line-of-sight path).25 F 1.073(to e)108 312 R
1.073(xist between the recei)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.574(ra).15 G 1.074
(nd transmitter locations.)-3.574 F 1.074
(If the trace intersects the ele)6.074 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.074
(tion pro\214le at an).25 F(y)-.15 E 1.031(point on the graph, then thi\
s is an indication that a line-of-sight path does not e)108 324 R 1.031
(xist under the conditions)-.15 F(gi)108 336 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(n, and th\
e obstructions can be clearly identi\214ed on the graph at the point\(s\
\) of intersection.).15 E 3.67(Ag)108 360 S 1.171(raph illustrating ter\
rain height referenced to a line-of-sight path between the transmitter \
and recei)-3.67 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E(may be generated using the)108
372 Q F1(-h)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F2
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -h height_profile.png)108 396 Q F0 3.245
(At)108 420 S .745
(errain height plot normalized to the transmitter and recei)-3.245 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.245(ra).15 G .745
(ntenna heights can be obtained using the)-3.245 F F1(-H)108 432 Q F0
(switch:)2.5 E F2
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -H normalized_height_profile.png)108 456 Q
F0 2.5(Ac)108 480 S(ontour of the Earth')-2.5 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G(urv)-2.5 E
(ature is also plotted in this mode.)-.25 E .635(The \214rst Fresnel Zo\
ne, and 60% of the \214rst Fresnel Zone can be added to height pro\214l\
e graphs by adding)108 504 R(the)108 516 Q F1(-f)2.5 E F0
(switch, and specifying a frequenc)2.5 E 2.5(y\()-.15 G
(in MHz\) at which the Fresnel Zone should be modeled:)-2.5 E F2(splat \
-t tx_site -r rx_site -f 439.250 -H normalized_height_profile.png)108
540 Q F0 2.5(Ag)108 564 S(raph sho)-2.5 E(wing Longle)-.25 E
(y-Rice path loss may be plotted using the)-.15 E F1(-l)2.5 E F0
(switch:)2.5 E F2(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -l path_loss_profile.png)
108 588 Q F0(As before, adding the)108 612 Q F1(-metric)2.5 E F0
(switch forces the graphs to be plotted using metric units of measure.)
2.5 E .886(When performing path loss pro\214les, a Longle)108 636 R .886
(y-Rice Model P)-.15 F .886(ath Loss Report is generated by)-.15 F F3
(SPLA)3.386 E(T!)-.95 E F0(in)3.386 E .754(the form of a te)108 648 R
.754(xt \214le with a)-.15 F F1(.lr)3.254 E(o)-.45 E F0 .754
(\214lename e)3.254 F 3.254(xtension. The)-.15 F .754
(report contains bearings and distances between)3.254 F .536
(the transmitter and recei)108 660 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.336 -.4(r, a).15 H
3.036(sw).4 G .536(ell as the Longle)-3.036 F .536
(y-Rice path loss for v)-.15 F .535(arious distances between the trans-)
-.25 F .095(mitter and recei)108 672 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.595(rl).15 G
2.595(ocations. The)-2.595 F .095(mode of propag)2.595 F .096
(ation for points along the path are gi)-.05 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.596(na)
.15 G(s)-2.596 E F1(Line-of-Sight)2.596 E F0(,)A F1(Single Horizon)108
684 Q F0(,)A F1(Double Horizon)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(Dif)2.5 E(fr)-.18 E
(action Dominant)-.15 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1 -1.85 -.55(Tr o)2.5 H
(poscatter Dominant).55 E F0(.)A 2.36 -.8(To d)108 708 T .76(etermine t\
he signal-to-noise \(SNR\) ratio at remote location where random Johnso\
n \(thermal\) noise is).8 F(the primary limiting f)108 720 Q
(actor in reception:)-.1 E(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.625(are 20)-.1 F
(December 2006)2.5 E(6)190.955 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0
SF(SNR)108.33 84 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(=)3.07 E F1(T)2.71 E F2(-)3.47 E F1
(NJ)2.9 E F2(-)3.17 E F1(L)2.78 E F2(+)2.73 E F1(G)2.18 E F2(-)2.7 E F1
(NF)2.9 E F0(where)108 108 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(T)2.714 E F0 .215
(is the ERP of the transmitter in dBW in the direction of the recei)
2.714 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G F3(NJ)3.115 E F0 .215
(is Johnson Noise in dBW)2.715 F .725(\(-136 dBW for a 6 MHz tele)108
120 R .725(vision channel\),)-.25 F F3(L)3.225 E F0 .725
(is the path loss pro)3.225 F .725(vided by)-.15 F F3(SPLA)3.225 E(T!)
-.95 E F0 .725(in dB \(as a)5.725 F F1(positive)3.225 E F0(number\),)108
132 Q F3(G)2.5 E F0(is the recei)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(ntenna g).15
E(ain in dB o)-.05 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(ri).15 G(sotropic, and)-2.5 E F3
(NF)2.5 E F0(is the recei)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rn).15 G
(oise \214gure in dB.)-2.5 E F3(T)108 156 Q F0(may be computed as follo)
2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1(T)107.91 180 Q F2(=)4.07 E F1(TI)2.71 E F2(+)3.21 E
F1(GT)2.18 E F0(where)108 204 Q F3(TI)3.055 E F0 .555
(is actual amount of RF po)3.055 F .555(wer deli)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
.555(red to the transmitting antenna in dBW).15 F(,)-.92 E F3(GT)3.055 E
F0 .555(is the transmit-)3.055 F .67(ting antenna g)108 216 R .67
(ain \(o)-.05 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.17(ri).15 G .67
(sotropic\) in the direction of the recei)-3.17 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.169
(r\().15 G .669(or the horizon if the recei)-3.169 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.169(ri).15 G 3.169(so)-3.169 G -.15(ve)-3.319 G 3.169(rt).15 G(he)
-3.169 E(horizon\).)108 228 Q 1.801 -.8(To c)108 252 T .201(ompute ho).8
F 2.701(wm)-.25 G .202(uch more signal is a)-2.701 F -.25(va)-.2 G .202
(ilable o).25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.702(rt).15 G .202
(he minimum to necessary to achie)-2.702 F .502 -.15(ve a s)-.25 H .202
(peci\214c signal-).15 F(to-noise ratio:)108 264 Q F1(Signal)108.33 288
Q F0(_).51 E F1(Margin).68 E F2(=)3.04 E F1(SNR)3.13 E F2(-)2.47 E F1(S)
2.53 E F0(where)108 312 Q F3(S)3.487 E F0 .987
(is the minimum required SNR ratio \(15.5 dB for A)3.487 F .987
(TSC \(8-VSB\) DTV)-1.11 F 3.486(,4)-1.29 G 3.486(2d)-3.486 G 3.486(Bf)
-3.486 G .986(or analog NTSC)-3.486 F(tele)108 324 Q(vision\).)-.25 E
2.61(At)108 348 S .11(opographic map may be generated by)-2.61 F F3
(SPLA)2.611 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .111
(to visualize the path between the transmitter and recei)2.611 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .099(sites from yet another perspecti)108 360 R -.15
(ve)-.25 G 5.099(.T).15 G .099(opographic maps generated by)-5.899 F F3
(SPLA)2.598 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .098(display ele)2.598 F -.25(va)-.25 G .098
(tions using a log-).25 F .335(arithmic grayscale, with higher ele)108
372 R -.25(va)-.25 G .335
(tions represented through brighter shades of gray).25 F 5.336(.T)-.65 G
.336(he dynamic range)-5.336 F .257
(of the image is scaled between the highest and lo)108 384 R .257
(west ele)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .257(tions present in the map.).25 F
.257(The only e)5.257 F .257(xception to)-.15 F(this is sea-le)108 396 Q
-.15(ve)-.25 G(l, which is represented using the color blue.).15 E -.8
(To)108 420 S(pographic output is in).8 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5
(du).1 G(sing the)-2.5 E F1(-o)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -o topo_map.ppm)108 444 Q F0(The)108 468 Q
F1(.ppm)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G
(tension on the output \214lename is assumed by).15 E F3(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)
-.95 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd is optional.)-2.5 E .006(In this e)108 492 R
(xample,)-.15 E F1(topo_map.ppm)2.506 E F0 .007
(will illustrate the locations of the transmitter and recei)2.506 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.507(rs).15 G .007(ites speci\214ed.)-2.507 F(In)5.007 E .22
(addition, the great circle path between the tw)108 504 R 2.72(os)-.1 G
.22(ites will be dra)-2.72 F .22(wn o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.72(rl).15
G .22(ocations for which an unobstructed)-2.72 F 1.208(path e)108 516 R
1.209(xists to the transmitter at a recei)-.15 F 1.209
(ving antenna height equal to that of the recei)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.709(rs).15 G 1.209(ite \(speci\214ed in)-3.709 F F1(rx_site)108 528 Q
(.qth)-.15 E F0(\).)A .773(It may desirable to populate the topographic\
 map with names and locations of cities, to)108 552 R .773
(wer sites, or other)-.25 F(important locations.)108 564 Q 2.5(Ac)5 G
(ity \214le may be passed to)-2.5 E F3(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0
(using the)2.5 E F1(-s)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F4
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -s cities.dat -o topo_map)108 588 Q F0
(Up to \214v)108 612 Q 2.5(es)-.15 G
(eparate city \214les may be passed to)-2.5 E F3(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0
(at a time follo)2.5 E(wing the)-.25 E F1(-s)2.5 E F0(switch.)2.5 E .554
(County and state boundaries may be added to the map by specifying up t\
o \214v)108 636 R 3.055(eU)-.15 G .555(.S. Census Bureau carto-)-3.055 F
(graphic boundary \214les using the)108 648 Q F1(-b)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5
E F4(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -b co34_d00.dat -o topo_map)108 672 Q
F0 1.064
(In situations where multiple transmitter sites are in use, as man)108
696 R 3.563(ya)-.15 G 3.563(sf)-3.563 G 1.063
(our site locations may be passed to)-3.563 F F3(SPLA)108 708 Q(T!)-.95
E F0(at a time for analysis:)2.5 E(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.625(are 20)
-.1 F(December 2006)2.5 E(7)190.955 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF
(splat -t tx_site1 tx_site2 tx_site3 tx_site4 -r rx_site -p profile.png)
108 84 Q F0 .285(In this e)108 108 R .285(xample, four separate terrain\
 pro\214les and obstruction reports will be generated by)-.15 F/F2 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)2.785 E(T!)-.95 E F0 5.285(.A)C(sin-)-2.5 E .509
(gle topographic map can be speci\214ed using the)108 120 R/F3 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(-o)3.009 E F0 .508
(switch, and line-of-sight paths between each transmitter)3.009 F .816
(and the recei)108 132 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.316(rs).15 G .816
(ite indicated will be produced on the map, each in its o)-3.316 F .817
(wn color)-.25 F 5.817(.T)-.55 G .817(he path between the)-5.817 F .767
(\214rst transmitter speci\214ed to the recei)108 144 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.267(rw).15 G .766
(ill be in green, the path between the second transmitter and the)-3.267
F(recei)108 156 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.463(rw).15 G .963(ill be in c)-3.463
F .964(yan, the path between the third transmitter and the recei)-.15 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.464(rw).15 G .964(ill be in violet, and the)-3.464 F
(path between the fourth transmitter and the recei)108 168 Q -.15(ve)
-.25 G 2.5(rw).15 G(ill be in sienna.)-2.5 E F2(SPLA)108 192 Q(T!)-.95 E
F0 .59(generated topographic maps are 24-bit T)3.09 F .59
(rueColor Portable PixMap \(PPM\) images.)-.35 F(The)5.59 E 3.09(ym)-.15
G .59(ay be)-3.09 F(vie)108 204 Q 1.06(wed, edited, or con)-.25 F -.15
(ve)-.4 G 1.06(rted to other graphic formats by popular image vie).15 F
1.06(wing applications such as)-.25 F F2(xv)3.56 E F0(,)A F2 1.66
(The GIMP)108 216 R F0(,)A F2(ImageMagick)4.16 E F0 4.16(,a)C(nd)-4.16 E
F2(XP)4.16 E(aint)-.1 E F0 6.66(.P)C 1.66
(NG format is highly recommended for lossless compressed)-6.66 F .726
(storage of)108 228 R F2(SPLA)3.226 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .726
(generated topographic output \214les.)5.726 F F2(ImageMagick)5.726 E F0
1.827 -.55('s c)D .727(ommand-line utility easily con-).55 F -.15(ve)108
240 S(rts).15 E F2(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.1 -.55('s P)D
(PM \214les to PNG format:).55 E F1(convert splat_map.ppm splat_map.png)
108 264 Q F0 17.667(Another e)108 288 R 17.667
(xcellent PPM to PNG command-line utility is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G
17.666(ilable at:).25 F F3(http://www)108 300 Q(.libpng)-.74 E(.or)-.15
E(g/pub/png/book/sour)-.37 E(ces.html)-.37 E F0 5.152(.A)C 2.652(sal)
-5.152 G .153(ast resort, PPM \214les may be compressed using the)-2.652
F(bzip2 utility)108 312 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd read directly by)-2.5 E F2
(The GIMP)2.5 E F0(in this format.)2.5 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF
(REGION)72 328.8 Q(AL CO)-.219 E(VERA)-.548 E(GE AN)-.602 E(AL)-.219 E
(YSIS)-1.007 E F2(SPLA)108 340.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .098
(can analyze a transmitter or repeater site, or netw)2.599 F .098
(ork of sites, and predict the re)-.1 F .098(gional co)-.15 F -.15(ve)
-.15 G .098(rage for).15 F .682(each site speci\214ed.)108 352.8 R .682
(In this mode,)5.682 F F2(SPLA)3.183 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .683
(can generate a topographic map displaying the geometric line-)3.183 F
.163(of-sight co)108 364.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G .163(rage area of the sites\
 based on the location of each site and the height of recei).15 F .462
-.15(ve a)-.25 H .162(ntenna wish-).15 F .438
(ing to communicate with the site in question.)108 376.8 R F2(SPLA)5.439
E(T!)-.95 E F0 .439(switches from point-to-point analysis mode to area)
2.939 F(prediction mode when the)108 388.8 Q F3(-c)2.5 E F0
(switch is in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(da).1 G 2.5(sf)-2.5 G
(ollo)-2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1
(splat -t tx_site -c 30.0 -s cities.dat -b co34_d00.dat -o tx_coverage)
108 412.8 Q F0 .27(In this e)108 436.8 R(xample,)-.15 E F2(SPLA)2.77 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 .269(generates a topographic map called)2.769 F F3(tx_co)
2.769 E(ver)-.1 E -.1(age)-.15 G(.ppm)-.05 E F0 .269
(that illustrates the predicted)2.769 F 1.534(line-of-sight re)108 448.8
R 1.534(gional co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.534(rage of).15 F F3(tx_site)
4.034 E F0 1.535(to recei)4.034 F 1.535(ving locations ha)-.25 F 1.535
(ving antennas 30.0 feet abo)-.2 F 1.835 -.15(ve g)-.15 H(round).15 E
(le)108 460.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.162(l\().15 G -.4(AG)-3.162 G 3.162
(L\). If).4 F(the)3.162 E F3(-metric)3.162 E F0 .662
(switch is used, the ar)3.162 F .662(gument follo)-.18 F .662(wing the)
-.25 F F3(-c)3.162 E F0 .661(switch is interpreted as being in)3.161 F
.162(meters, rather than in feet.)108 472.8 R .163(The contents of)5.163
F F3(cities.dat)2.663 E F0 .163
(are plotted on the map, as are the cartographic bound-)2.663 F
(aries contained in the \214le)108 484.8 Q F3(co34_d00.dat)2.5 E F0(.)A
.572(When plotting line-of-sight paths and areas of re)108 508.8 R .572
(gional co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(rage,).15 E F2(SPLA)3.072 E(T!)-.95 E
F0 .572(by def)3.072 F .572(ault does not account for)-.1 F .031(the ef)
108 520.8 R .032(fects of atmospheric bending.)-.25 F(Ho)5.032 E(we)-.25
E -.15(ve)-.25 G .832 -.4(r, t).15 H .032(his beha).4 F .032
(vior may be modi\214ed by using the Earth radius mul-)-.2 F(tiplier \()
108 532.8 Q F3(-m)A F0 2.5(\)s)C(witch:)-2.5 E F1(splat -t wnjt -c 30.0\
 -m 1.333 -s cities.dat -b counties.dat -o map.ppm)108 556.8 Q F0 .595
(An earth radius multiplier of 1.333 instructs)108 580.8 R F2(SPLA)3.095
E(T!)-.95 E F0 .595(to use the "four)3.095 F .594
(-thirds earth" model for line-of-sight)-.2 F(propag)108 592.8 Q
(ation analysis.)-.05 E(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G
(ppropriate earth radius multiplier may be selected by the user)-2.5 E
(.)-.55 E .201(When in)108 616.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.701(di).1
G 2.701(na)-2.701 G .201(rea prediction mode,)-2.701 F F2(SPLA)2.701 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 .202(generates a site report for each station analyzed.)
2.701 F F2(SPLA)5.202 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .659
(site reports contain details of the site')108 628.8 R 3.159(sg)-.55 G
.659(eographic location, its height abo)-3.159 F .959 -.15(ve m)-.15 H
.658(ean sea le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .658(l, the antenna').15 F(s)-.55 E
.612(height abo)108 640.8 R .912 -.15(ve m)-.15 H .612(ean sea le).15 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G .612(l, the antenna').15 F 3.112(sh)-.55 G .612
(eight abo)-3.112 F .912 -.15(ve a)-.15 H -.15(ve)-.05 G .613
(rage terrain, and the height of the a).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G .613
(rage ter).15 F(-)-.2 E(rain calculated in the directions of 0, 45, 90,\
 135, 180, 225, 270, and 315 de)108 652.8 Q(grees azimuth.)-.15 E F4
(DETERMINING MUL)72 669.6 Q(TIPLE REGIONS OF LOS CO)-1.007 E(VERA)-.548
E(GE)-.602 E F2(SPLA)108 681.6 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 1.087
(can also display line-of-sight co)3.587 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.086
(rage areas for as man).15 F 3.586(ya)-.15 G 3.586(sf)-3.586 G 1.086
(our separate transmitter sites on a)-3.586 F(common topographic map.)
108 693.6 Q -.15(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E F1
(splat -t site1 site2 site3 site4 -c 10.0 -metric -o network.ppm)108
717.6 Q F0(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.625(are 20)-.1 F(December 2006)2.5 E
(8)190.955 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E .686(plots the re)
108 84 R .687(gional line-of-sight co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .687
(rage of site1, site2, site3, and site4 based on a recei).15 F .987 -.15
(ve a)-.25 H .687(ntenna located).15 F .763(10.0 meters abo)108 96 R
1.063 -.15(ve g)-.15 H .763(round le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.263(l. A).15
F .762(topographic map is then written to the \214le)3.263 F/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(network.ppm)3.262 E F0 5.762(.T)C .762(he line-of-)
-5.762 F .302(sight co)108 108 R -.15(ve)-.15 G .302
(rage area of the transmitters are plotted as follo).15 F .303
(ws in the colors indicated \(along with their corre-)-.25 F
(sponding RGB v)108 120 Q(alues in decimal\):)-.25 E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF
(site1: Green \(0,255,0\))132 144 Q(site2: Cyan \(0,255,255\))132 156 Q
(site3: Medium Violet \(147,112,219\))132 168 Q
(site4: Sienna 1 \(255,130,71\))132 180 Q
(site1 + site2: Yellow \(255,255,0\))132 204 Q
(site1 + site3: Pink \(255,192,203\))132 216 Q
(site1 + site4: Green Yellow \(173,255,47\))132 228 Q
(site2 + site3: Orange \(255,165,0\))132 240 Q
(site2 + site4: Dark Sea Green 1 \(193,255,193\))132 252 Q
(site3 + site4: Dark Turquoise \(0,206,209\))132 264 Q
(site1 + site2 + site3: Dark Green \(0,100,0\))132 288 Q
(site1 + site2 + site4: Blanched Almond \(255,235,205\))132 300 Q
(site1 + site3 + site4: Medium Spring Green \(0,250,154\))132 312 Q
(site2 + site3 + site4: Tan \(210,180,140\))132 324 Q
(site1 + site2 + site3 + site4: Gold2 \(238,201,0\))132 348 Q F0 .247
(If separate)108 372 R F1(.qth)2.747 E F0 .247
(\214les are generated, each representing a common site location b)2.747
F .247(ut a dif)-.2 F .246(ferent antenna height,)-.25 F 3.535(as)108
384 S 1.035(ingle topographic map illustrating the re)-3.535 F 1.036
(gional co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.036(rage from as man).15 F 3.536(ya)
-.15 G 3.536(sf)-3.536 G 1.036(our separate locations on a)-3.536 F
(single to)108 396 Q(wer may be generated by)-.25 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0
SF(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0(.)A/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(LONGLEY)72 412.8
Q(-RICE P)-1.007 E -1.04(AT)-.81 G 2.738(HL)1.04 G(OSS AN)-2.738 E(AL)
-.219 E(YSIS)-1.007 E F0 .345(If the)108 424.8 R F1(-c)2.845 E F0 .345
(switch is replaced by a)2.845 F F1(-L)2.844 E F0 .344(switch, a Longle)
2.844 F .344(y-Rice path loss map for a transmitter site may be gen-)
-.15 F(erated:)108 436.8 Q F2
(splat -t wnjt -L 30.0 -s cities.dat -b co34_d00.dat -o path_loss_map)
108 460.8 Q F0 .977(In this mode,)108 484.8 R F3(SPLA)3.477 E(T!)-.95 E
F0 .977(generates a multi-color map illustrating e)3.477 F .977
(xpected signal le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .978(ls \(path loss\) in areas)
.15 F .997(surrounding the transmitter site.)108 496.8 R 3.497(Al)5.997
G -.15(eg)-3.497 G .996
(end at the bottom of the map correlates each color with a speci\214c)
.15 F(path loss range in decibels.)108 508.8 Q .63(The Longle)108 532.8
R .63(y-Rice analysis range may be modi\214ed to a user)-.15 F .63
(-speci\214c v)-.2 F .63(alue using the)-.25 F F1(-R)3.13 E F0 3.13
(switch. The)3.13 F(ar)3.13 E(gu-)-.18 E .523(ment must be gi)108 544.8
R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.023(ni).15 G 3.023(nm)-3.023 G .523
(iles \(or kilometers if the)-3.023 F F1(-metric)3.023 E F0 .522
(switch is used\).)3.022 F .522(If a range wider than the gener)5.522 F
(-)-.2 E .926(ated topographic map is speci\214ed,)108 556.8 R F3(SPLA)
3.426 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .926(will perform Longle)3.426 F .926
(y-Rice path loss calculations between all)-.15 F
(four corners of the area prediction map.)108 568.8 Q(The)108 592.8 Q F1
(-db)3.345 E F0 .845(switch allo)3.345 F .845
(ws a constraint to be placed on the maximum path loss re)-.25 F .844
(gion plotted on the map.)-.15 F(A)5.844 E .21(maximum path loss betwee\
n 80 and 230 dB may be speci\214ed using this switch.)108 604.8 R -.15
(Fo)5.21 G 2.71(re).15 G .21(xample, if a path loss)-2.86 F(be)108 616.8
Q .396(yond -140 dB is irrele)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .395(nt to the surv)
.25 F .695 -.15(ey b)-.15 H .395(eing conducted,).15 F F3(SPLA)2.895 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 1.495 -.55('s p)D .395
(ath loss plot can be constrained to).55 F(the re)108 628.8 Q
(gion bounded by the 140 dB attenuation contour as follo)-.15 E(ws:)-.25
E F2(splat -t wnjt -L 30.0 -s cities.dat -b co34_d00.dat -db 140 -o plo\
t.ppm)108 652.8 Q F4(ANTENN)72 681.6 Q 2.738(AR)-.219 G(ADIA)-2.738 E
(TION P)-1.04 E -1.04(AT)-.81 G(TERN P)1.04 E(ARAMETERS)-.81 E F0 .976
(Normalized \214eld v)108 693.6 R .977
(oltage patterns for a transmitting antenna')-.2 F 3.477(sh)-.55 G .977
(orizontal and v)-3.477 F .977(ertical planes are imported)-.15 F .588
(automatically into)108 705.6 R F3(SPLA)3.088 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .588
(when a Longle)3.088 F .588(y-Rice co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .588
(rage analysis is performed.).15 F .587(Antenna pattern data is)5.587 F
.804(read from a pair of \214les ha)108 717.6 R .805
(ving the same base name as the transmitter and LRP \214les, b)-.2 F
.805(ut with)-.2 F F1(.az)3.305 E F0(and)3.305 E F1(.el)3.305 E F0 -.15
(ex)108 729.6 S .308(tensions for azimuth and ele).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G
.308(tion pattern \214les, respecti).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.307
(.S)-.65 G .307(peci\214cations re)-5.307 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .307
(rding pattern rotation \(if).05 F(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.625(are 20)
-.1 F(December 2006)2.5 E(9)190.955 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E(an)108 84 Q .45
(y\) and mechanical beam tilt and tilt direction \(if an)-.15 F .451
(y\) are also contained within)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)2.951 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 .451(antenna pattern)2.951 F(\214les.)108 96 Q -.15(Fo)108
120 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the \214rst fe)-2.65 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G
(ines of a)-2.5 E F1(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0
(azimuth pattern \214le might appear as follo)2.5 E(ws \()-.25 E/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(kvea.az)A F0(\):)A/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(183.0)156 144 Q
42(00)156 156 S(.8950590)-42 E 42(10)156 168 S(.8966406)-42 E 42(20)156
180 S(.8981447)-42 E 42(30)156 192 S(.8995795)-42 E 42(40)156 204 S
(.9009535)-42 E 42(50)156 216 S(.9022749)-42 E 42(60)156 228 S(.9035517)
-42 E 42(70)156 240 S(.9047923)-42 E 42(80)156 252 S(.9060051)-42 E F0
1.778(The \214rst line of the)108 276 R F2(.az)4.278 E F0 1.777(\214le \
speci\214es the amount of azimuthal pattern rotation \(measured clockwi\
se in)4.278 F(de)108 288 Q .062(grees from T)-.15 F .062
(rue North\) to be applied by)-.35 F F1(SPLA)2.562 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .063
(to the data contained in the)2.562 F F2(.az)2.563 E F0 2.563
(\214le. This)2.563 F .063(is follo)2.563 F .063(wed by)-.25 F .871
(azimuth headings \(0 to 360 de)108 300 R .871(grees\) and their associ\
ated normalized \214eld patterns \(0.000 to 1.000\) sepa-)-.15 F
(rated by whitespace.)108 312 Q .068(The structure of)108 336 R F1(SPLA)
2.569 E(T!)-.95 E F0(ele)2.569 E -.25(va)-.25 G .069
(tion pattern \214les is slightly dif).25 F 2.569(ferent. The)-.25 F
.069(\214rst line of the)2.569 F F2(.el)2.569 E F0 .069
(\214le speci\214es the)2.569 F .892
(amount of mechanical beam tilt applied to the antenna.)108 348 R .892
(Note that a)5.892 F F2(downwar)3.392 E 3.392(dt)-.37 G(ilt)-3.392 E F0
(\(belo)3.391 E 3.391(wt)-.25 G .891(he horizon\) is)-3.391 F -.15(ex)
108 360 S 1.101(pressed as a).15 F F2 1.101(positive angle)3.601 F F0
3.601(,w)C 1.101(hile an)-3.601 F F2(upwar)3.601 E 3.601(dt)-.37 G(ilt)
-3.601 E F0(\(abo)3.601 E 1.401 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.101
(he horizon\) is e).15 F 1.101(xpressed as a)-.15 F F2(ne)3.602 E 1.102
(gative angle)-.4 F F0(.)A(This data is follo)108 372 Q
(wed by the azimuthal direction of the tilt, separated by whitespace.)
-.25 E .437(The remainder of the \214le consists of ele)108 396 R -.25
(va)-.25 G .436(tion angles and their corresponding normalized v).25 F
.436(oltage radiation)-.2 F .247(pattern \(0.000 to 1.000\) v)108 408 R
.247(alues separated by whitespace.)-.25 F(Ele)5.247 E -.25(va)-.25 G
.248(tion angles must be speci\214ed o).25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.748(ra-)
.15 G .248(10.0 to)-2.748 F .131(+90.0 de)108 420 R .131(gree range.)
-.15 F .131(As w)5.131 F .131(as the con)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .131
(ntion with mechanical beamtilt,).15 F F2(ne)2.631 E .13(gative ele)-.4
F .13(vation angles)-.15 F F0 .13(are used to)2.63 F(represent ele)108
432 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(tions).25 E F2(abo)2.5 E(ve the horizon)-.1 E F0
2.5(,w)C(hile)-2.5 E F2(positive angles)2.5 E F0(represents ele)2.5 E
-.25(va)-.25 G(tions).25 E F2(below the horizon)2.5 E F0(.)A -.15(Fo)108
456 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the \214rst fe)-2.65 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ines a)
-2.5 E F1(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0(ele)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G
(tion pattern \214le might appear as follo).25 E(ws \()-.25 E F2
(kvea.el)A F0(\):)A F3 18(1.1 130.0)156 480 R 12(-10.0 0.172)150 492 R
18(-9.5 0.109)150 504 R 18(-9.0 0.115)150 516 R 18(-8.5 0.155)150 528 R
18(-8.0 0.157)150 540 R 18(-7.5 0.104)150 552 R 18(-7.0 0.029)150 564 R
18(-6.5 0.109)150 576 R 18(-6.0 0.185)150 588 R F0 1.538(In this e)108
612 R 1.538(xample, the antenna is mechanically tilted do)-.15 F(wnw)
-.25 E 1.538(ard 1.1 de)-.1 F 1.538(grees to)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.25 G 1.538
(rds an azimuth of 130.0).1 F(de)108 624 Q(grees.)-.15 E -.15(Fo)108 648
S 3.447(rb).15 G .946(est results, the resolution of azimuth pattern da\
ta should be speci\214ed to the nearest de)-3.447 F .946(gree azimuth,)
-.15 F 1.299(and ele)108 660 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.299(tion pattern data r\
esolution should be speci\214ed to the nearest 0.01 de).25 F 3.8
(grees. If)-.15 F 1.3(the pattern data)3.8 F .55
(speci\214ed does not reach this le)108 672 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.049(lo)
.15 G 3.049(fr)-3.049 G(esolution,)-3.049 E F1(SPLA)3.049 E(T!)-.95 E F0
.549(will interpolate the v)3.049 F .549(alues pro)-.25 F .549
(vided to determine)-.15 F(the data at the required resolution, althoug\
h this may result in a loss in accurac)108 684 Q -.65(y.)-.15 G
(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.625(are 20)-.1 F(December 2006)2.5 E(10)
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10.95
/Times-Bold@0 SF(IMPOR)72 84 Q(TING AND EXPOR)-.438 E(TING REGION)-.438
E(AL P)-.219 E -1.04(AT)-.81 G 2.738(HL)1.04 G(OSS CONT)-2.738 E(OUR D)
-.197 E -1.644 -1.04(AT A)-.383 H F0 .254(Performing a Longle)108 96 R
.254(y-Rice co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .254(rage analysis can be a v).15 F
.254(ery time consuming process, especially if the anal-)-.15 F .936
(ysis is repeated repeatedly to disco)108 108 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.436(rw)
.15 G .936(hat ef)-3.436 F .935
(fects changes to the antenna radiation patterns mak)-.25 F 3.435(et)-.1
G 3.435(ot)-3.435 G(he)-3.435 E(predicted co)108 120 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G
(rage area.).15 E .721(This process can be e)108 144 R .722
(xpedited by e)-.15 F .722(xporting the Longle)-.15 F .722(y-Rice re)
-.15 F .722(gional path loss contour data to an output)-.15 F .776
(\214le, modifying the path loss data e)108 156 R .775
(xternally to incorporate antenna pattern ef)-.15 F .775
(fects, and then importing the)-.25 F
(modi\214ed path loss data back into)108 168 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0(to rapidly produce a re)5 E
(vised path loss map.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 192 S 3.253(re).15 G .753
(xample, a path loss output \214le can be generated by)-3.403 F F2(SPLA)
3.253 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .753(for a recei)5.753 F 1.053 -.15(ve s)-.25 H
.754(ite 30 feet abo).15 F 1.054 -.15(ve g)-.15 H(round).15 E(le)108 204
Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.998(lo).15 G -.15(ve)-3.148 G 2.998(ra5).15 G 2.998
(0m)-2.998 G .497(ile radius surrounding a transmitter site to a maximu\
m path loss of 140 dB using the fol-)-2.998 F(lo)108 216 Q(wing syntax:)
-.25 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF
(splat -t kvea -L 30.0 -R 50.0 -db 140 -plo pathloss.dat)108 240 Q F2
(SPLA)108 264 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .044(path loss output \214les often e)2.544
F .044(xceed 100 me)-.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .044(bytes in size.).05 F(The)
5.045 E 2.545(yc)-.15 G .045(ontain information relating to the)-2.545 F
2.58(boundaries of re)108 276 R 2.58(gion the)-.15 F 5.08(yd)-.15 G 2.58
(escribe follo)-5.08 F 2.58(wed by latitudes \(de)-.25 F 2.58
(grees North\), longitudes \(de)-.15 F 2.58(grees W)-.15 F(est\),)-.8 E
.655(azimuths, ele)108 288 R -.25(va)-.25 G .656(tions \(to the \214rst\
 obstruction\), and path loss \214gures \(dB\) for a series of speci\
\214c points that).25 F .542(comprise the re)108 300 R .542
(gion surrounding the transmitter site.)-.15 F .542(The \214rst fe)5.542
F 3.042(wl)-.25 G .542(ines of a)-3.042 F F2(SPLA)3.042 E(T!)-.95 E F0
.541(path loss output \214le)3.041 F(tak)108 312 Q 2.5(eo)-.1 G 2.5(nt)
-2.5 G(he follo)-2.5 E(wing appearance \()-.25 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(pathloss.dat)A F0(\):)A F3(119, 117)156 336 Q 6(;m)24 G
(ax_west, min_west)-6 E(35, 33)156 348 Q 6(;m)36 G(ax_north, min_north)
-6 E(34.2265434, 118.0631104, 48.171, -37.461, 67.70)156 360 Q
(34.2270355, 118.0624390, 48.262, -26.212, 73.72)156 372 Q
(34.2280197, 118.0611038, 48.269, -14.951, 79.74)156 384 Q
(34.2285156, 118.0604401, 48.207, -11.351, 81.68)156 396 Q
(34.2290077, 118.0597687, 48.240, -10.518, 83.26)156 408 Q
(34.2294998, 118.0591049, 48.225, 23.201, 84.60)156 420 Q
(34.2304878, 118.0577698, 48.213, 15.769, 137.84)156 432 Q
(34.2309799, 118.0570984, 48.234, 15.965, 151.54)156 444 Q
(34.2314720, 118.0564346, 48.224, 16.520, 149.45)156 456 Q
(34.2319679, 118.0557632, 48.223, 15.588, 151.61)156 468 Q
(34.2329521, 118.0544281, 48.230, 13.889, 135.45)156 480 Q
(34.2334442, 118.0537643, 48.223, 11.693, 137.37)156 492 Q
(34.2339401, 118.0530930, 48.222, 14.050, 126.32)156 504 Q
(34.2344322, 118.0524292, 48.216, 16.274, 156.28)156 516 Q
(34.2354164, 118.0510941, 48.222, 15.058, 152.65)156 528 Q
(34.2359123, 118.0504227, 48.221, 16.215, 158.57)156 540 Q
(34.2364044, 118.0497589, 48.216, 15.024, 157.30)156 552 Q
(34.2368965, 118.0490875, 48.225, 17.184, 156.36)156 564 Q F0 .134
(It is not uncommon for)108 588 R F2(SPLA)2.634 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .135
(path loss \214les to contain as man)2.635 F 2.635(ya)-.15 G 2.635(s3m)
-2.635 G .135(illion or more lines of data.)-2.635 F(Com-)5.135 E 1.165
(ments can be placed in the \214le if the)108 600 R 3.664(ya)-.15 G
1.164(re proceeded by a semicolon character)-3.664 F 6.164(.T)-.55 G(he)
-6.164 E F2(vim)3.664 E F0(te)3.664 E 1.164(xt editor has)-.15 F(pro)108
612 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(nc).15 G
(apable of editing \214les of this size.)-2.5 E .807(Note as w)108 636 R
.807(as the case in the antenna pattern \214les, ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G
(ti).05 E 1.107 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(le).15 E -.25(va)-.25 G .807
(tion angles refer to upw).25 F .808(ard tilt \(abo)-.1 F 1.108 -.15
(ve t)-.15 H(he).15 E .94(horizon\), while positi)108 648 R 1.24 -.15
(ve a)-.25 H .94(ngles refer to do).15 F(wnw)-.25 E .94(ard tilt \(belo)
-.1 F 3.44(wt)-.25 G .94(he horizon\).)-3.44 F .94
(These angles refer to the ele-)5.94 F -.25(va)108 660 S 1.075
(tion to the recei).25 F 1.075(ving antenna at the height abo)-.25 F
1.376 -.15(ve g)-.15 H 1.076(round le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.576(ls).15
G 1.076(peci\214ed using the)-3.576 F F4(-L)3.576 E F0(switch)3.576 E F4
(if)3.576 E F0 1.076(the path)3.576 F 2.35
(between transmitter and recei)108 672 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.85(ri).15 G
4.85(su)-4.85 G 4.85(nobstructed. If)-4.85 F 2.35
(the path between the transmitter and recei)4.85 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.85
(ri).15 G(s)-4.85 E .009(obstructed, then the ele)108 684 R -.25(va)-.25
G .009(tion angle to the \214rst obstruction is returned by).25 F F2
(SPLA)2.51 E(T!)-.95 E F0 5.01(.T)C .01(his is because the Lon-)-5.01 F
(gle)108 696 Q .262(y-Rice model considers the ener)-.15 F .262
(gy reaching a distant point o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.762(ra).15 G
2.762(no)-2.762 G .262(bstructed path as a deri)-2.762 F -.25(va)-.25 G
(ti).25 E .561 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 2.761(ft).15 G(he)-2.761 E(ener)108 708
Q .489(gy scattered from the top of the \214rst obstruction, only)-.18 F
5.489(.S)-.65 G .489(ince ener)-5.489 F .489
(gy cannot reach the obstructed loca-)-.18 F(tion directly)108 720 Q 2.5
(,t)-.65 G(he actual ele)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G
(tion angle to that point is irrele).25 E -.25(va)-.25 G(nt.).25 E
(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.625(are 20)-.1 F(December 2006)2.5 E(11)
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E 1.142
(When modifying)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)3.642 E(T!)-.95 E F0
1.141(path loss \214les to re\215ect antenna pattern data,)3.642 F/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.141(only the last column \(path loss\))3.641 F F0
.233(should be amended to re\215ect the antenna')108 96 R 2.733(sn)-.55
G .233(ormalized g)-2.733 F .233(ain at the azimuth and ele)-.05 F -.25
(va)-.25 G .234(tion angles speci\214ed in).25 F .395(the \214le.)108
108 R .395(\(At this time, programs and scripts capable of performing t\
his operation are left as an e)5.395 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .395(rcise for).15
F(the user)108 120 Q(.\))-.55 E
(Modi\214ed path loss maps can be imported back into)108 144 Q F1(SPLA)
2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0(for generating re)2.5 E(vised co)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15
G(rage maps:).15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF
(splat -t kvea -pli pathloss.dat -s city.dat -b county.dat -o map.ppm)
108 168 Q F1(SPLA)108 192 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .006
(path loss \214les can also be used for conducting co)2.506 F -.15(ve)
-.15 G .007(rage or interference studies outside of).15 F F1(SPLA)2.507
E(T!)-.95 E F0(.)A/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF
(USER-DEFINED TERRAIN INPUT FILES)72 208.8 Q F0 3.542(Au)108 220.8 S
(ser)-3.542 E 1.042(-de\214ned terrain \214le is a user)-.2 F 1.041
(-generated te)-.2 F 1.041
(xt \214le containing latitudes, longitudes, and heights abo)-.15 F -.15
(ve)-.15 G 1.072(ground le)108 232.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.572(lo).15 G
3.572(fs)-3.572 G 1.072(peci\214c terrain features belie)-3.572 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.572(dt).15 G 3.572(ob)-3.572 G 3.573(eo)-3.572 G 3.573(fi)
-3.573 G 1.073(mportance to the)-3.573 F F1(SPLA)3.573 E(T!)-.95 E F0
1.073(analysis being con-)3.573 F .602(ducted, b)108 244.8 R .601
(ut noticeably absent from the SDF \214les being used.)-.2 F 3.101(Au)
5.601 G(ser)-3.101 E .601(-de\214ned terrain \214le is imported into a)
-.2 F F1(SPLA)108 256.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0(analysis using the)2.5 E F2(-udt)
2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F3
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -udt udt_file.txt -o map.ppm)114 280.8 Q F0
2.5(Au)108 304.8 S(ser)-2.5 E(-de\214ned terrain \214le has the follo)
-.2 E(wing appearance and structure:)-.25 E F3
(40.32180556, 74.1325, 100.0 meters)150 328.8 Q
(40.321805, 74.1315, 300.0)150 340.8 Q
(40.3218055, 74.1305, 100.0 meters)150 352.8 Q F0 -.7(Te)108 376.8 S
1.42(rrain height is interpreted as being described in feet abo).7 F
1.72 -.15(ve g)-.15 H 1.42(round le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.92(lu).15 G
1.42(nless follo)-3.92 F 1.42(wed by the w)-.25 F(ord)-.1 E F2(meter)108
388.8 Q(s)-.1 E F0 3.329(,a)C .829(nd is added)-3.329 F F2 .829
(on top of)3.329 F F0 .829
(the terrain speci\214ed in the SDF data for the locations speci\214ed.)
3.329 F .828(Be a)5.829 F -.1(wa)-.15 G(re).1 E 1.06(that each user)108
400.8 R 1.061(-de\214ned terrain feature speci\214ed will be interprete\
d as being 3-arc seconds in both latitude)-.2 F .282(and longitude.)108
412.8 R .282(Features described in the user)5.282 F .281
(-de\214ned terrain \214le that o)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .281(rlap pre).15
F .281(viously de\214ned features in)-.25 F(the \214le are ignored by)
108 424.8 Q F1(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0(.)A F4(SIMPLE T)72 441.6 Q
(OPOGRAPHIC MAP GENERA)-.197 E(TION)-1.04 E F0 .034(In certain situatio\
ns it may be desirable to generate a topographic map of a re)108 453.6 R
.035(gion without plotting co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(rage).15 E .97
(areas, line-of-sight paths, or generating obstruction reports.)108
465.6 R .969(There are se)5.969 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .969(ral w).15 F .969
(ays of doing this.)-.1 F .969(If one)5.969 F .162(wishes to generate a\
 topographic map illustrating the location of a transmitter and recei)
108 477.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.662(rs).15 G .162(ite along with a)-2.662 F
.139(brief te)108 489.6 R .139(xt report describing the locations and d\
istances between the sites, the)-.15 F F2(-n)2.639 E F0 .138
(switch should be in)2.639 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.638(da).1 G(s)
-2.638 E(follo)108 501.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F3
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -n -o topo_map.ppm)108 525.6 Q F0(If no te)
108 549.6 Q(xt report is desired, then the)-.15 E F2(-N)2.5 E F0
(switch is used:)2.5 E F3
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -N -o topo_map.ppm)108 573.6 Q F0 .994(If \
a topographic map centered about a single site out to a minimum speci\
\214ed radius is desired instead, a)108 597.6 R
(command similar to the follo)108 609.6 Q(wing can be used:)-.25 E F3
(splat -t tx_site -R 50.0 -s NJ_Cities -b NJ_Counties -o topo_map.ppm)
108 633.6 Q F0(where -R speci\214es the minimum radius of the map in mi\
les \(or kilometers if the)108 657.6 Q F2(-metric)2.5 E F0
(switch is used\).)2.5 E .592(If the)108 681.6 R F2(-o)3.092 E F0 .592(\
switch and output \214lename are omitted in these operations, topograph\
ic output is written to a \214le)3.092 F(named)108 693.6 Q F2(map.ppm)
2.5 E F0(in the current w)2.5 E(orking directory by def)-.1 E(ault.)-.1
E(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.625(are 20)-.1 F(December 2006)2.5 E(12)
185.955 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10.95
/Times-Bold@0 SF(GEOREFERENCE FILE GENERA)72 84 Q(TION)-1.04 E F0 -.8
(To)108 96 S .849(pographic, co).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .849(rage \().15 F
/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(-c)A F0 .849(\), and path loss contour \()B F2
(-L)A F0 3.349(\)m)C .849(aps generated by)-3.349 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0
SF(SPLA)3.35 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .85(may be imported into)3.35 F F3(Xastir)
108 108 Q F0 .176(\(X Amateur Station T)2.676 F .175
(racking and Information Reporting\) softw)-.35 F .175
(are by generating a georeference \214le)-.1 F(using)108 120 Q F3(SPLA)
2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0 -.55('s)C F2(-g)3.05 E(eo)-.1 E F0(switch:)2.5 E/F4
10/Courier@0 SF
(splat -t kd2bd -R 50.0 -s NJ_Cities -b NJ_Counties -geo -o map.ppm)108
144 Q F0 1.515(The georeference \214le generated will ha)108 168 R 1.815
-.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.516(he same base name as the).15 F F2(-o)4.016 E F0
1.516(\214le speci\214ed, b)4.016 F 1.516(ut ha)-.2 F 1.816 -.15(ve a)
-.2 H F2(.g)6.666 E(eo)-.1 E F0 -.15(ex)108 180 S
(tension, and permit proper interpretation and display of).15 E F3(SPLA)
2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.1 -.55('s .)D(ppm graphics in).55 E F3(Xastir)2.5 E
F0(softw)2.5 E(are.)-.1 E F1(GOOGLE MAP KML FILE GENERA)72 196.8 Q(TION)
-1.04 E F0 -2.15 -.25(Ke y)108 208.8 T .775
(hole Markup Language \214les compatible with).25 F F3 .774
(Google Earth)3.274 F F0 .774(may be generated by)3.274 F F3(SPLA)3.274
E(T!)-.95 E F0 .774(when per)3.274 F(-)-.2 E
(forming point-to-point analyses by in)108 220.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G
(king the).2 E F2(-kml)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F4
(splat -t wnjt -r kd2bd -kml)108 244.8 Q F0 .429
(The KML \214le generated will ha)108 268.8 R .729 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .43(\
he same \214lename structure as an Obstruction Report for the transmitt\
er).15 F(and recei)108 280.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rs).15 G(ite names gi)
-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(n, e).15 E(xcept it will carry a)-.15 E F2(.kml)5
E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(tension.).15 E 1.619(Once loaded into)108 304.8 R F3
1.619(Google Earth)4.119 F F0 1.618(\(File --> Open\), the KML \214le w\
ill annotate the map display with the)4.118 F .567
(names of the transmitter and recei)108 316.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.067(rs)
.15 G .568(ite locations.)-3.067 F .568(The vie)5.568 F .568
(wpoint of the image will be from the position)-.25 F 1.317
(of the transmitter site looking to)108 328.8 R -.1(wa)-.25 G 1.317
(rds the location of the recei).1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.916 -.55(r. T).15 H
1.316(he point-to-point path between the).55 F .792(sites will be displ\
ayed as a white line while the RF line-of-sight path will be displayed \
in green.)108 340.8 R F3(Google)5.792 E(Earth)108 352.8 Q F0 1.844 -.55
('s n)D -.2(av).55 G(ig).2 E .744(ation tools allo)-.05 F 3.243(wt)-.25
G .743(he user to "\215y" around the path, identify landmarks, roads, a\
nd other fea-)-3.243 F(tured content.)108 364.8 Q F1(DETERMIN)72 381.6 Q
-1.04(AT)-.219 G(ION OF ANTENN)1.04 E 2.738(AH)-.219 G(EIGHT ABO)-2.738
E(VE A)-.548 E(VERA)-1.588 E(GE TERRAIN)-.602 E F3(SPLA)108 393.6 Q(T!)
-.95 E F0 .947(determines antenna height abo)3.447 F 1.248 -.15(ve a)
-.15 H -.15(ve)-.05 G .948(rage terrain \(HAA).15 F .948
(T\) according to the procedure de\214ned by)-1.11 F .167
(Federal Communications Commission P)108 405.6 R .167(art 73.313\(d\).)
-.15 F .166(According to this de\214nition, terrain ele)5.166 F -.25(va)
-.25 G .166(tions along).25 F .794(eight radials between 2 and 10 miles\
 \(3 and 16 kilometers\) from the site being analyzed are sampled and)
108 417.6 R -2.25 -.2(av e)108 429.6 T .614(raged for each 45 de).2 F
.613(grees of azimuth starting with T)-.15 F .613(rue North.)-.35 F .613
(If one or more radials lie entirely o)5.613 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E
-.1(wa)108 441.6 S .534(ter or o).1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.034(rl).15 G .535
(and outside the United States \(areas for which no USGS topograph)
-3.034 F 3.035(yd)-.05 G .535(ata is a)-3.035 F -.25(va)-.2 G .535
(ilable\), then).25 F
(those radials are omitted from the calculation of a)108 453.6 Q -.15
(ve)-.2 G(rage terrain.).15 E .918(Note that SR)108 477.6 R .918(TM ele)
-.6 F -.25(va)-.25 G .918(tion data, unlik).25 F 3.418(eo)-.1 G .917
(lder 3-arc second USGS data, e)-3.418 F .917(xtends be)-.15 F .917
(yond the borders of the)-.15 F .866(United States.)108 489.6 R .867
(Therefore, HAA)5.866 F 3.367(Tr)-1.11 G .867
(esults may not be in full compliance with FCC P)-3.367 F .867
(art 73.313\(d\) in areas)-.15 F
(along the borders of the United States if the SDF \214les used by)108
501.6 Q F3(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0(are SR)2.5 E(TM-deri)-.6 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G(d.).15 E .162(When performing point-to-point terrain analysis,)
108 525.6 R F3(SPLA)2.662 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .162
(determines the antenna height abo)2.662 F .461 -.15(ve a)-.15 H -.15
(ve)-.05 G .161(rage ter).15 F(-)-.2 E .407(rain only if enough topogra\
phic data has already been loaded by the program to perform the point-t\
o-point)108 537.6 R 3.712(analysis. In)108 549.6 R 1.211(most cases, th\
is will be true, unless the site in question does not lie within 10 mil\
es of the)3.712 F(boundary of the topograph)108 561.6 Q 2.5(yd)-.05 G
(ata in memory)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E .491
(When performing area prediction analysis, enough topograph)108 585.6 R
2.991(yd)-.05 G .492(ata is normally loaded by)-2.991 F F3(SPLA)2.992 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 .492(to per)2.992 F(-)-.2 E .807(form a)108 597.6 R -.15
(ve)-.2 G .807(rage terrain calculations.).15 F .807
(Under such conditions,)5.807 F F3(SPLA)3.307 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .807
(will pro)3.307 F .807(vide the antenna height abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
-2.25 -.2(av e)108 609.6 T .203(rage terrain as well as the a).2 F -.15
(ve)-.2 G .203(rage terrain abo).15 F .503 -.15(ve m)-.15 H .203
(ean sea le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.704(lf).15 G .204
(or azimuths of 0, 45, 90, 135, 180, 225,)-2.704 F .162(270, and 315 de)
108 621.6 R .162
(grees, and include such information in the generated site report.)-.15
F .161(If one or more of the eight)5.161 F 1.004(radials surv)108 633.6
R -.15(ey)-.15 G 1.004(ed f).15 F 1.004(all o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.504
(rw).15 G(ater)-3.604 E 3.504(,o)-.4 G 3.504(ro)-3.504 G -.15(ve)-3.654
G 3.504(rr).15 G -.15(eg)-3.504 G 1.004(ions for which no SDF data is a)
.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable,).25 E F3(SPLA)3.504 E(T!)-.95 E F0(reports)
3.505 E F2(No)3.505 E -.92(Te)108 645.6 S(rr).92 E(ain)-.15 E F0
(for the radial paths af)2.5 E(fected.)-.25 E F1
(RESTRICTING THE MAXIMUM SIZE OF AN AN)72 662.4 Q(AL)-.219 E
(YSIS REGION)-1.007 E F3(SPLA)108 674.4 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .269(reads SDF \
\214les as needed into a series of memory pages or "slots" within the s\
tructure of the pro-)2.77 F 2.774(gram. Each)108 686.4 R .274
("slot" holds one SDF \214le representing a one de)2.774 F .275
(gree by one de)-.15 F .275(gree re)-.15 F .275(gion of terrain.)-.15 F
(A)5.275 E F2(#de\214ne)2.775 E(MAXSLO)108 698.4 Q(TS)-.4 E F0 .786
(statement in the \214rst se)3.286 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .785(ral lines of)
.15 F F2(splat.cpp)3.285 E F0 .785(sets the maximum number of "slots" a)
3.285 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable).25 E .103(for holding topograph)108 710.4
R 2.603(yd)-.05 G 2.603(ata. It)-2.603 F .104
(also sets the maximum size of the topographic maps generated by)2.604 F
F3(SPLA)2.604 E(T!)-.95 E F0(.)A(MAXSLO)108 722.4 Q .242
(TS is set to 9 by def)-.4 F 2.742(ault. If)-.1 F F3(SPLA)2.742 E(T!)
-.95 E F0 .242(produces a se)5.242 F .242(gmentation f)-.15 F .241
(ault on start-up with this def)-.1 F(ault,)-.1 E(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q
121.625(are 20)-.1 F(December 2006)2.5 E(13)185.955 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E .91
(it is an indication that not enough RAM and/or virtual memory \(sw)108
84 R .911(ap space\) is a)-.1 F -.25(va)-.2 G .911(ilable to run).25 F
/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)3.411 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .002
(with the number of MAXSLO)108 96 R .002(TS speci\214ed.)-.4 F .001
(In situations where a)5.002 F -.25(va)-.2 G .001(ilable memory is lo)
.25 F 1.301 -.65(w, M)-.25 H(AXSLO).65 E .001(TS may)-.4 F .019(be redu\
ced to 4 with the understanding that this will greatly limit the maximu\
m re)108 108 R(gion)-.15 E F1(SPLA)2.519 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .019
(will be able)2.519 F .624(to analyze.)108 120 R .624(If 118 me)5.624 F
-.05(ga)-.15 G .624(bytes or more of total memory \(sw).05 F .623
(ap space plus RAM\) is a)-.1 F -.25(va)-.2 G .623(ilable, then MAXS-)
.25 F(LO)108 132 Q .102(TS may be increased to 16.)-.4 F .103
(This will permit operation o)5.103 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.603(ra4).15 G
(-de)-2.603 E .103(gree by 4-de)-.15 F .103(gree re)-.15 F .103
(gion, which is suf-)-.15 F .426
(\214cient for single antenna heights in e)108 144 R .426
(xcess of 10,000 feet abo)-.15 F .725 -.15(ve m)-.15 H .425(ean sea le)
.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .425(l, or point-to-point distances).15 F(of o)108
156 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(r1).15 G(000 miles.)-2.5 E/F2 10.95
/Times-Bold@0 SF(ADDITION)72 172.8 Q(AL INFORMA)-.219 E(TION)-1.04 E F0
.332(The latest ne)108 184.8 R .332(ws and information re)-.25 F -.05
(ga)-.15 G(rding).05 E F1(SPLA)2.832 E(T!)-.95 E F0(softw)2.832 E .332
(are is a)-.1 F -.25(va)-.2 G .332(ilable through the of).25 F(\214cial)
-.25 E F1(SPLA)2.833 E(T!)-.95 E F0(soft-)2.833 E -.1(wa)108 196.8 S
(re web page located at:).1 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(http://www)2.5 E
(.qsl.net/kd2bd/splat.html)-.74 E F0(.)A F2 -.548(AU)72 213.6 S(THORS)
.548 E F0(John A. Magliacane, KD2BD <)108 225.6 Q F3(kd2bd@amsat.or)A(g)
-.37 E F0(>)A(Creator)144 237.6 Q 2.5(,L)-.4 G(ead De)-2.5 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G(loper).15 E(Doug McDonald <)108 254.4 Q F3(mcdonald@scs.uiuc.edu)
A F0(>)A(Longle)144 266.4 Q(y-Rice Model inte)-.15 E(gration)-.15 E
(Ron Bentle)108 283.2 Q 2.5(y<)-.15 G F3 -.45(ro)-2.5 G(nbentle).45 E
(y@earthlink.net)-.3 E F0(>)A
(Fresnel Zone plotting and clearance determination)144 295.2 Q
(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.625(are 20)-.1 F(December 2006)2.5 E(14)
185.955 E EP
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