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[debian/splat] / docs / postscript / splat.ps

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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10.95
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.219(NA)72 84 S(ME).219 E F0(splat \255 An RF)108 96 Q
/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(S)2.5 E F0(ignal)A F2(P)2.5 E F0(ropag)A(ation,)
-.05 E F2(L)2.5 E F0(oss,)A F2(A)2.5 E F0(nd)A F2(T)2.5 E F0
(errain analysis tool)A F1(SYNOPSIS)72 112.8 Q F0 3.47(splat [-t)108
124.8 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(tr)8.47 E(ansmitter_site)-.15 E(.qth)
-.15 E F0 5.97(][)C(-r)-5.97 E F3 -.37(re)8.47 G(ceiver_site).37 E(.qth)
-.15 E F0 5.97(][)C(-c)-5.97 E F3(rx_antenna_height_for_los_co)8.47 E
(ver)-.1 E -.1(age)-.15 G(_analysis).1 E 1.244(\(feet\) \(\215oat\))108
136.8 R F0 3.744(][)C(-L)-3.744 E F3(rx_antenna_height_for_Longle)6.244
E(y-Rice_co)-.3 E(ver)-.1 E -.1(age)-.15 G 1.244
(_analysis \(feet\) \(\215oat\)).1 F F0 3.745(][)C(-p)-3.745 E F3(terr)
6.245 E(ain_pr)-.15 E(o-)-.45 E(\214le)108 148.8 Q(.e)-.15 E(xt)-.2 E F0
8.718(][)C(-e)-8.718 E F3(ele)11.218 E(vation_pr)-.15 E(o\214le)-.45 E
(.e)-.15 E(xt)-.2 E F0 8.718(][)C(-h)-8.718 E F3(height_pr)11.218 E
(o\214le)-.45 E(.e)-.15 E(xt)-.2 E F0 8.717(][)C(-l)-8.717 E F3(Longle)
11.217 E(y-Rice_pr)-.3 E(o\214le)-.45 E(.e)-.15 E(xt)-.2 E F0 8.717(][)C
(-o)-8.717 E F3(topo-)11.217 E(gr)108 160.8 Q(aphic_map_\214lename)-.15
E(.ppm)-.15 E F0 6.97(][)C(-b)-6.97 E F3(carto)9.47 E(gr)-.1 E
(aphic_boundary_\214lename)-.15 E(.dat)-.15 E F0 6.97(][)C(-s)-6.97 E F3
(site/city_database)9.47 E(.dat)-.15 E F0 6.97(][)C(-d)-6.97 E F3
(sdf_dir)108 172.8 Q(ectory_path)-.37 E F0 4.932(][)C(-m)-4.932 E F3
(earth_r)7.431 E 2.431(adius_multiplier \(\215oat\))-.15 F F0 4.931(][)C
(-R)-4.931 E F3(maximum_co)7.431 E(ver)-.1 E -.1(age)-.15 G(_r).1 E(ang)
-.15 E 4.931(e\()-.1 G 2.431(for -c or -L\))-4.931 F
(\(miles\) \(\215oat\))108 184.8 Q F0 2.5(][)C(-dB)-2.5 E F3
(maximum attenuation contour to display on path loss maps \(80-230 dB\))
2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C(-n] [-N])-2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 201.6 Q F2(SPLA)108
213.6 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .853(is a po)3.353 F .853
(werful terrestrial RF propag)-.25 F .854
(ation and terrain analysis tool co)-.05 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .854
(ring the spectrum between).15 F .33(20 MHz and 20 GHz.)108 225.6 R .33
(It is designed for operation on Unix and Linux-based w)5.33 F
(orkstations.)-.1 E F2(SPLA)5.33 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .33(is free)2.83 F
(softw)108 237.6 Q 4.453(are. Redistrib)-.1 F 1.954(ution and/or modi\
\214cation is permitted under the terms of the GNU General Public)-.2 F
.376(License as published by the Free Softw)108 249.6 R .376(are F)-.1 F
.376(oundation, either v)-.15 F .376(ersion 2 of the License or an)-.15
F 2.875(yl)-.15 G .375(ater v)-2.875 F(ersion.)-.15 E .348(Adoption of)
108 261.6 R F2(SPLA)2.848 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .349(source code in proprietar\
y or closed-source applications is a violation of this license,)2.848 F
(and is)108 273.6 Q F2(strictly)2.5 E F0(forbidden.)2.5 E F2(SPLA)108
297.6 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .531(is distrib)3.031 F .531
(uted in the hope that it will be useful, b)-.2 F .53(ut WITHOUT ANY W)
-.2 F(ARRANTY)-1.2 E 3.03(,w)-1.29 G .53(ithout e)-3.03 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
(n).15 E .959(the implied w)108 309.6 R .959(arranty of MERCHANT)-.1 F
.959(ABILITY or FITNESS FOR A P)-.93 F(AR)-.92 E .96
(TICULAR PURPOSE. See the)-.6 F
(GNU General Public License for more details.)108 321.6 Q F1(INTR)72
338.4 Q(ODUCTION)-.329 E F0 .575(Applications of)108 350.4 R F2(SPLA)
3.075 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .574(include the visualization, design, and link b)
3.075 F .574(udget analysis of wireless W)-.2 F .574(ide Area)-.4 F
(Netw)108 362.4 Q 1.939(orks \(W)-.1 F 1.939
(ANs\), commercial and amateur radio communication systems abo)-1.2 F
2.239 -.15(ve 2)-.15 H 4.439(0M).15 G 1.94(Hz, micro)-4.439 F -.1(wa)
-.25 G -.15(ve)-.1 G 1.194(links, frequenc)108 374.4 R 3.694(yc)-.15 G
1.194(oordination, and the determination of analog and digital terrestr\
ial radio and tele)-3.694 F(vision)-.25 E(contour re)108 386.4 Q(gions.)
-.15 E F2(SPLA)108 410.4 Q(T!)-.95 E F0(pro)4.69 E 2.191(vides RF site \
engineering data such as great circle distances and bearings between si\
tes,)-.15 F 2.725(antenna ele)108 422.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G 2.724
(tion angles \(uptilt\), depression angles \(do).25 F 2.724
(wntilt\), antenna height abo)-.25 F 3.024 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 2.724
(ean sea le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(l,).15 E 1.65(antenna height abo)108
434.4 R 1.95 -.15(ve a)-.15 H -.15(ve)-.05 G 1.65
(rage terrain, bearings and distances to kno).15 F 1.65
(wn obstructions, Longle)-.25 F 1.65(y-Rice path)-.15 F 1.565(attenuati\
on, and minimum antenna height requirements needed to establish line-of\
-sight communication)108 446.4 R .072
(paths absent of obstructions due to terrain.)108 458.4 R F2(SPLA)5.072
E(T!)-.95 E F0 .072
(produces reports, graphs, and highly detailed and care-)2.572 F .986(f\
ully annotated topographic maps depicting line-of-sight paths, path los\
s, and e)108 470.4 R .985(xpected co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .985
(rage areas of).15 F 1.777(transmitters and repeater systems.)108 482.4
R 1.777
(When performing line-of-sight analysis in situations where multiple)
6.777 F 1.395(transmitter or repeater sites are emplo)108 494.4 R(yed,)
-.1 E F2(SPLA)3.895 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.395(determines indi)3.895 F 1.394
(vidual and mutual areas of co)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(rage).15 E
(within the netw)108 506.4 Q(ork speci\214ed.)-.1 E F2(SPLA)108 530.4 Q
(T!)-.95 E F0 2.137(operates in tw)4.637 F 4.638(od)-.1 G 2.138
(istinct modes:)-4.638 F F3 2.138(point-to-point mode)4.638 F F0 4.638
(,a)C(nd)-4.638 E F3(ar)4.638 E 2.138(ea pr)-.37 F 2.138(ediction mode)
-.37 F F0 4.638(,a)C 2.138(nd may be)-4.638 F(in)108 542.4 Q -.2(vo)-.4
G -.1(ke).2 G 3.084(du).1 G .583
(sing either line-of-sight \(LOS\) or Irre)-3.084 F .583(gular T)-.15 F
.583(errain \(ITM\) propag)-.7 F .583(ation models.)-.05 F -.35(Tr)5.583
G .583(ue Earth, four).35 F(-)-.2 E .243(thirds Earth, or an)108 554.4 R
2.743(yo)-.15 G .243(ther Earth radius may be speci\214ed by the user w\
hen performing line-of-sight analysis.)-2.743 F F1(INPUT FILES)72 571.2
Q F2(SPLA)108 583.2 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .508(is a command-line dri)3.008 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.008(na).15 G .507
(pplication, and reads input data through a number of data \214les.)
-3.008 F(Some)5.507 E 1.42(\214les are mandatory for successful e)108
595.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.42
(cution of the program, while others are optional.).15 F 1.42
(Mandatory \214les)6.42 F .871(include SPLA)108 607.2 R 3.371(TD)-1.11 G
.871(ata Files \(SDF \214les\), site location \214les \(QTH \214les\), \
and Longle)-3.371 F .87(y-Rice model parameter)-.15 F
(\214les \(LRP \214les\).)108 619.2 Q(Optional \214les include city/sit\
e location \214les, and cartographic boundary \214les.)5 E F1(SPLA)72
636 Q 2.738(TD)-1.04 G -1.644 -1.04(AT A)-3.121 H(FILES)3.778 E F2(SPLA)
108 648 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .43(imports topographic data in the form of SPLA)
2.93 F 2.93(TD)-1.11 G .43(ata Files \(SDFs\).)-2.93 F .43
(These \214les may be generated)5.43 F .737
(from a number of information sources.)108 660 R .737
(In the United States, SPLA)5.737 F 3.237(TD)-1.11 G .737
(ata Files can be generated through)-3.237 F 5.441(U.S. Geological)108
672 R(Surv)5.441 E 3.241 -.15(ey D)-.15 H 2.941(igital Ele).15 F -.25
(va)-.25 G 2.942(tion Models \(DEMs\) using the).25 F F2(usgs2sdf)5.442
E F0 2.942(utility included with)5.442 F F2(SPLA)108 684 Q(T!)-.95 E F0
8.595(.U)C 3.595(SGS Digital Ele)-8.595 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.595
(tion Models compatible with this utility may be do).25 F 3.595
(wnloaded from:)-.25 F F3(http://edcftp.cr)108 696 Q(.usgs.go)-1.11 E
(v/pub/data/DEM/250/)-.1 E F0(.)A 2.009(Signi\214cantly better resoluti\
on can be obtained through the use of SR)108 720 R 2.01(TM-3 V)-.6 F
2.01(ersion 2 digital ele)-1.11 F -.25(va)-.25 G(tion).25 E(KD2BD Softw)
72 768 Q 129.12(are 02)-.1 F(March 2006)2.5 E(1)198.45 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E 4.138(models. These)
108 84 R 1.638
(models are the result of the STS-99 Space Shuttle Radar T)4.138 F
(opograph)-.8 E 4.138(yM)-.05 G 1.638(ission, and are)-4.138 F -.2(av)
108 96 S .828(ailable for most populated re)-.05 F .829
(gions of the Earth.)-.15 F(SPLA)5.829 E 3.329(TD)-1.11 G .829
(ata Files may be generated from SR)-3.329 F .829(TM data)-.6 F 1.435
(using the included)108 108 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(srtm2sdf)3.935 E F0
(utility)3.935 E 6.434(.S)-.65 G -.6(RT)-6.434 G 1.434(M-3 V).6 F 1.434
(ersion 2 data may be obtained through anon)-1.11 F 1.434(ymous FTP)-.15
F(from:)108 120 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ftp://e0srp01u.ecs.nasa.go)2.5
E(v:21/srtm/ver)-.1 E(sion2/)-.1 E F0 .241(Despite the higher accurac)
108 144 R 2.741(yt)-.15 G .241(hat SR)-2.741 F .241(TM data has to of)
-.6 F(fer)-.25 E 2.741(,s)-.4 G .241(ome v)-2.741 F .241
(oids in the data sets e)-.2 F 2.741(xist. When)-.15 F -.2(vo)2.741 G
.242(ids are).2 F .332(detected, the)108 156 R F1(srtm2sdf)2.832 E F0
.332(utility replaces them with corresponding data found in e)2.832 F
.332(xisting SDF \214les \(that were)-.15 F .033
(presumably created from earlier USGS data through the)108 168 R F1
(usgs2sdf)2.533 E F0 2.533(utility\). If)2.533 F(USGS-deri)2.534 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.534(dS).15 G .034(DF data is not)-2.534 F -.2(av)108 180 S
(ailable, v)-.05 E(oids are handled through adjacent pix)-.2 E(el a)-.15
E -.15(ve)-.2 G(raging, or direct replacement.).15 E(SPLA)108 204 Q
2.782(TD)-1.11 G .282(ata Files contain inte)-2.782 F .282(ger v)-.15 F
.282(alue topographic ele)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .282
(tions \(in meters\) referenced to mean sea le).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
2.782(lf).15 G(or)-2.782 E(1-de)108 216 Q .061(gree by 1-de)-.15 F .061
(gree re)-.15 F .061
(gions of the earth with a resolution of 3-arc seconds.)-.15 F .062
(SDF \214les can be read in either)5.062 F .712(standard format \()108
228 R F2(.sdf)A F0 3.212(\)a)C 3.212(sg)-3.212 G .712(enerated by the)
-3.212 F F1(usgs2sdf)3.211 E F0(and)3.211 E F1(srtm2sdf)3.211 E F0 .711
(utilities, or in bzip2 compressed format)3.211 F(\()108 240 Q F2(.sdf)A
(.bz2)-.15 E F0 3.067(\). Since)B .568
(uncompressed \214les can be processed slightly f)3.067 F .568
(aster than \214les that ha)-.1 F .868 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .568
(een compressed,).15 F F1(SPLA)108 252 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 1.566
(searches for the needed SDF data in uncompressed format \214rst.)4.066
F 1.565(If uncompressed data cannot)6.565 F(located,)108 264 Q F1(SPLA)
3.47 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .97
(then searches for data in bzip2 compressed format.)3.47 F .971
(If no compressed SDF \214les can be)5.971 F .779(found for the re)108
276 R .779(gion requested,)-.15 F F1(SPLA)3.278 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .778
(assumes the re)3.278 F .778(gion is o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.278(rw)
.15 G(ater)-3.378 E 3.278(,a)-.4 G .778(nd will assign an ele)-3.278 F
-.25(va)-.25 G .778(tion of).25 F(sea-le)108 288 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
(lt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(hese areas.)-2.5 E 1.061(This feature of)108 312
R F1(SPLA)3.561 E(T!)-.95 E F0(mak)3.561 E 1.061
(es it possible to perform path analysis not only o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
3.561(rl).15 G 1.062(and, b)-3.561 F 1.062(ut also between)-.2 F .782
(coastal areas not represented by Digital Ele)108 324 R -.25(va)-.25 G
.782(tion Model data.).25 F .782(This beha)5.782 F .782(vior of)-.2 F F1
(SPLA)3.282 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .782(underscores the)3.282 F .103
(importance of ha)108 336 R .104
(ving all the SDF \214les required for the re)-.2 F .104
(gion being analyzed if meaningful results are to be)-.15 F -.15(ex)108
348 S(pected.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SITE LOCA)72 364.8 Q
(TION \(QTH\) FILES)-1.04 E F1(SPLA)108 376.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .839
(imports site location information of transmitter and recei)3.339 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.338(rs).15 G .838(ites analyzed by the program from)-3.338
F .375(ASCII \214les ha)108 388.8 R .375(ving a)-.2 F F2(.qth)2.875 E F0
-.15(ex)2.875 G 2.875(tension. QTH).15 F .375(\214les contain the site')
2.875 F 2.875(sn)-.55 G .375(ame, the site')-2.875 F 2.876(sl)-.55 G
.376(atitude \(positi)-2.876 F .676 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.876(fN).15 G
(orth)-2.876 E 1.127(of the equator)108 400.8 R 3.626(,n)-.4 G -2.25
-.15(eg a)-3.626 H(ti).15 E 1.426 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.626(fS).15 G 1.126
(outh\), the site')-3.626 F 3.626(sl)-.55 G 1.126(ongitude \(in de)
-3.626 F 1.126(grees W)-.15 F 1.126(est, 0 to 360 de)-.8 F 1.126
(grees\), and the site')-.15 F(s)-.55 E .746(antenna height abo)108
412.8 R 1.046 -.15(ve g)-.15 H .746(round le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.246
(l\().15 G -.4(AG)-3.246 G 3.246(L\). A).4 F .747
(single line-feed character separates each \214eld.)3.246 F .747
(The antenna)5.747 F .459
(height is assumed to be speci\214ed in feet unless follo)108 424.8 R
.459(wed by the letter)-.25 F F2(m)2.959 E F0 .459(or the w)2.959 F(ord)
-.1 E F2(meter)2.959 E(s)-.1 E F0 .459(in either upper)2.959 F .424
(or lo)108 436.8 R .424(wer case.)-.25 F .425
(Latitude and longitude information may be e)5.424 F .425
(xpressed in either decimal format \(74.6889\) or)-.15 F(de)108 448.8 Q
(gree, minute, second \(DMS\) format \(74 41 20.0\).)-.15 E -.15(Fo)108
472.8 S 3.356(re).15 G .856
(xample, a site location \214le describing tele)-3.506 F .856
(vision station WNJT)-.25 F 3.356(,T)-.74 G .856(renton, NJ \()-3.706 F
F2(wnjt.qth)A F0 3.356(\)m)C .856(ight read as)-3.356 F(follo)108 484.8
Q(ws:)-.25 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(WNJT)156 508.8 Q(40.2833)156 520.8 Q
(74.6889)156 532.8 Q(990.00)156 544.8 Q F0 .23
(Each transmitter and recei)108 568.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.73(rs).15 G .23
(ite analyzed by)-2.73 F F1(SPLA)2.73 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .23
(must be represented by its o)2.73 F .23(wn site location \(QTH\))-.25 F
(\214le.)108 580.8 Q F3(LONGLEY)72 597.6 Q(-RICE P)-1.007 E
(ARAMETER \(LRP\) FILES)-.81 E F1(SPLA)108 609.6 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .058
(imports Longle)2.558 F .058
(y-Rice model parameter data from \214les ha)-.15 F .057
(ving the same base name as the transmit-)-.2 F .941
(ter site QTH \214le, b)108 621.6 R .941(ut with a)-.2 F F2(.lrp)3.441 E
F0 -.15(ex)3.441 G .941(tension, thus pro).15 F .942
(viding simple and accurate correlation between these)-.15 F
(associated data sets.)108 633.6 Q(The format for the Longle)5 E
(y-Rice model parameter \214les is as follo)-.15 E(ws \()-.25 E F2
(wnjt.lrp)A F0(\):)A F4 6(15.000 ;)156 657.6 R
(Earth Dielectric Constant \(Relative permittivity\))6 E 12(0.005 ;)156
669.6 R(Earth Conductivity \(Siemens per meter\))6 E
(301.000 ; Atmospheric Bending Constant \(N-units\))156 681.6 Q
(700.000 ; Frequency in MHz \(20 MHz to 20 GHz\))156 693.6 Q 42(5;)156
705.6 S(Radio Climate \(5 = Continental Temperate\))-36 E 42(0;)156
717.6 S(Polarization \(0 = Horizontal, 1 = Vertical\))-36 E 24(0.5 ;)156
729.6 R(Fraction of situations \(50% of locations\))6 E F0(KD2BD Softw)
72 768 Q 129.12(are 02)-.1 F(March 2006)2.5 E(2)198.45 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF
24(0.5 ;)156 84 R(Fraction of time \(50% of the time\))6 E F0 .771(If a\
n LRP \214le corresponding to the tx_site QTH \214le cannot be found,)
108 108 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)3.27 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .77
(scans the current w)3.27 F(orking)-.1 E .085
(directory for the \214le "splat.lrp".)108 120 R .085
(If this \214le cannot be found, then the def)5.085 F .085
(ault parameters listed abo)-.1 F .385 -.15(ve w)-.15 H .085(ill be).15
F .528(assigned by)108 132 R F2(SPLA)3.028 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .527(and a co\
rresponding "splat.lrp" \214le containing this data will be written to \
the current)3.028 F -.1(wo)108 144 S(rking directory).1 E 5(.")-.65 G
(splat.lrp" can then be edited by the user as needed.)-5 E -.8(Ty)108
168 S(pical Earth dielectric constants and conducti).8 E(vity v)-.25 E
(alues are as follo)-.25 E(ws:)-.25 E F1(Dielectric Constant)270 192 Q
(Conductivity)12 E(Salt water)156 204 Q 48(:8)42 G 96(05)-48 G(.000)-96
E(Good ground)156 216 Q 48(:2)36 G 96(50)-48 G(.020)-96 E(Fresh water)
156 228 Q 48(:8)36 G 96(00)-48 G(.010)-96 E(Marshy land)156 240 Q 48(:1)
36 G 96(20)-48 G(.007)-96 E(Farmland, forest :)156 252 Q 90(15 0.005)48
F(Average ground)156 264 Q 48(:1)18 G 96(50)-48 G(.005)-96 E
(Mountain, sand)156 276 Q 48(:1)18 G 96(30)-48 G(.002)-96 E 72(City :)
156 288 R 96(50)54 G(.001)-96 E(Poor ground)156 300 Q -18 54(:4 0)36 H
(.001)-54 E F0(Radio climate codes used by)108 324 Q F2(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)
-.95 E F0(are as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1(1: Equatorial \(Congo\))156
348 Q(2: Continental Subtropical \(Sudan\))156 360 Q
(3: Maritime Subtropical \(West coast of Africa\))156 372 Q
(4: Desert \(Sahara\))156 384 Q(5: Continental Temperate)156 396 Q
(6: Maritime Temperate, over land \(UK and west coasts of US & EU\))156
408 Q(7: Maritime Temperate, over sea)156 420 Q F0 1.487
(The Continental T)108 444 R 1.486(emperate climate is common to lar)-.7
F 1.486(ge land masses in the temperate zone, such as the)-.18 F .756
(United States.)108 456 R -.15(Fo)5.756 G 3.256(rp).15 G .756
(aths shorter than 100 km, there is little dif)-3.256 F .756
(ference between Continental and Maritime)-.25 F -.7(Te)108 468 S
(mperate climates.).7 E .379(The \214nal tw)108 492 R 2.879(op)-.1 G
.379(arameters in the)-2.879 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(.lrp)2.879 E F0
.379(\214le correspond to the statistical analysis pro)2.879 F .378
(vided by the Longle)-.15 F(y-Rice)-.15 E 2.537(model. In)108 504 R .037
(this e)2.537 F(xample,)-.15 E F2(SPLA)2.537 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .038(will r\
eturn the maximum path loss occurring 50% of the time \(fraction of)
5.037 F .316(time\) in 50% of situations \(fraction of situations\).)108
516 R .315(Use a fraction of time parameter of 0.97 for digital tele-)
5.316 F(vision, 0.50 for analog in the United States.)108 528 Q
(Isotropic antennas are assumed.)5 E -.15(Fo)108 552 S 2.782(rf).15 G
.282(urther information on these parameters, see:)-2.782 F F3
(http://\215attop.its.bldr)2.782 E(doc.go)-.37 E(v/itm.html)-.1 E F0
(and)2.783 E F3(http://www)2.783 E(.soft-)-.74 E
(wright.com/faq/engineering/pr)108 564 Q(op_longle)-.45 E(y_rice)-.3 E
(.html)-.15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(CITY LOCA)72 580.8 Q(TION FILES)
-1.04 E F0 .807(The names and locations of cities, to)108 592.8 R .807
(wer sites, or other points of interest may be imported and plotted on)
-.25 F .797(topographic maps generated by)108 604.8 R F2(SPLA)3.297 E
(T!)-.95 E F0(.)A F2(SPLA)5.797 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .797
(imports the names of cities and locations from ASCII)3.297 F .191
(\214les containing the location')108 616.8 R 2.691(sn)-.55 G .191
(ame, the location')-2.691 F 2.691(sl)-.55 G .191
(atitude, and the location')-2.691 F 2.69(sl)-.55 G 2.69(ongitude. Each)
-2.69 F .19(\214eld is sepa-)2.69 F .513(rated by a comma.)108 628.8 R
.513(Each record is separated by a single line feed character)5.513 F
5.514(.A)-.55 G 3.014(sw)-5.514 G .514(as the case with the)-3.114 F F3
(.qth)3.014 E F0 .259(\214les, latitude and longitude information may b\
e entered in either decimal or de)108 640.8 R .258
(gree, minute, second \(DMS\))-.15 F(format.)108 652.8 Q -.15(Fo)108
676.8 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample \()-2.65 E F3(cities.dat)A F0(\):)A F1
(Teaneck, 40.891973, 74.014506)156 700.8 Q
(Tenafly, 40.919212, 73.955892)156 712.8 Q
(Teterboro, 40.859511, 74.058908)156 724.8 Q F0(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q
129.12(are 02)-.1 F(March 2006)2.5 E(3)198.45 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF
(Tinton Falls, 40.279966, 74.093924)156 84 Q
(Toms River, 39.977777, 74.183580)156 96 Q(Totowa, 40.906160, 74.223310)
156 108 Q(Trenton, 40.219922, 74.754665)156 120 Q F0 3.199(At)108 144 S
.699(otal of \214v)-3.199 F 3.199(es)-.15 G .7(eparate city data \214le\
s may be imported at a time, and there is no limit to the size of these)
-3.199 F(\214les.)108 156 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)6.37 E(T!)-.95 E
F0 1.37(reads city data on a "\214rst come/\214rst serv)3.87 F 1.369
(ed" basis, and plots only those locations whose)-.15 F 1.041(annotatio\
ns do not con\215ict with annotations of locations plotted earlier duri\
ng)108 168 R F2(SPLA)3.542 E(T)-.95 E F0 2.142 -.55('s e)D -.15(xe).4 G
3.542(cution. This).15 F(beha)108 180 Q .347(vior minimizes clutter in)
-.2 F F2(SPLA)2.847 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .347(generated topographic maps, b)
2.847 F .347(ut also mandates that important loca-)-.2 F .051
(tions be placed to)108 192 R -.1(wa)-.25 G .051(rd the be).1 F .052(gi\
nning of the \214rst city data \214le, and disposable locations be posi\
tioned further)-.15 F(do)108 204 Q
(wn the list or in subsequent data \214les.)-.25 E .997
(City data \214les may be generated manually using an)108 228 R 3.496
(yt)-.15 G -.15(ex)-3.496 G 3.496(te).15 G(ditor)-3.496 E 3.496(,i)-.4 G
.996(mported from other sources, or deri)-3.496 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(d).15 E
1.535(from data a)108 240 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.535
(ilable from the U.S. Census Bureau using the).25 F F2(citydecoder)4.035
E F0 1.535(utility included with)4.035 F F2(SPLA)4.035 E(T!)-.95 E F0(.)
A .153(Such data is a)108 252 R -.25(va)-.2 G .153(ilable free of char)
.25 F .153(ge via the Internet at:)-.18 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(http://www)2.652 E(.census.go)-.74 E(v/g)-.1 E
(eo/www/cob/bdy_\214les.html)-.1 E F0(,)A(and must be in ASCII format.)
108 264 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(CAR)72 280.8 Q -.197(TO)-.438 G
(GRAPHIC BOUND).197 E(AR)-.383 E 2.738(YD)-.383 G -1.644 -1.04(AT A)
-3.121 H(FILES)3.778 E F0 1.17(Cartographic boundary data may also be i\
mported to plot the boundaries of cities, counties, or states on)108
292.8 R .072(topographic maps generated by)108 304.8 R F2(SPLA)2.572 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 5.072(.S)C .071
(uch data must be of the form of ARC/INFO Ungenerate \(ASCII)-5.072 F
-.15(Fo)108 316.8 S 1.262
(rmat\) Metadata Cartographic Boundary Files, and are a).15 F -.25(va)
-.2 G 1.262(ilable from the U.S.).25 F 1.263(Census Bureau via the)6.262
F 19.948(Internet at:)108 328.8 R F3(http://www)22.448 E(.census.go)-.74
E(v/g)-.1 E(eo/www/cob/co2000.html#ascii)-.1 E F0(and)22.447 E F3
(http://www)22.447 E(.cen-)-.74 E(sus.go)108 340.8 Q(v/g)-.1 E
(eo/www/cob/pl2000.html#ascii)-.1 E F0 7.85(.A)C 2.85(total of \214v)
-2.5 F 5.35(es)-.15 G 2.85(eparate cartographic boundary \214les may be)
-5.35 F .813(imported at a time.)108 352.8 R .812
(It is not necessary to import state boundaries if county boundaries ha)
5.813 F 1.112 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .812(lready been).15 F(imported.)108 364.8
Q F4(PR)72 381.6 Q(OGRAM OPERA)-.329 E(TION)-1.04 E F2(SPLA)108 393.6 Q
(T!)-.95 E F0 1.03(is in)3.53 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.53(dv).1 G
1.03(ia the command-line using a series of switches and ar)-3.53 F 3.53
(guments. Since)-.18 F F2(SPLA)3.53 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.03(is a)3.53 F .746
(CPU and memory intensi)108 405.6 R 1.046 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .745
(pplication, this type of interf).15 F .745(ace minimizes o)-.1 F -.15
(ve)-.15 G .745(rhead and lends itself well to).15 F .421
(scripted \(batch\) operations.)108 417.6 R F2(SPLA)5.421 E(T!)-.95 E F0
1.521 -.55('s C)D .422
(PU and memory scheduling priority may be modi\214ed through the).55 F
(use of the Unix)108 429.6 Q F2(nice)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .226
(The number and type of switches passed to)108 453.6 R F2(SPLA)2.725 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 .225(determine its mode of operation and method of output)
2.725 F .007(data generation.)108 465.6 R .007(Nearly all of)5.007 F F2
(SPLA)2.507 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.107 -.55('s s)D .008
(witches may be cascaded in an).55 F 2.508(yo)-.15 G .008
(rder on the command line when)-2.508 F(in)108 477.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G
(king the program.).2 E F4(POINT)72 494.4 Q(-T)-1.007 E(O-POINT AN)-.197
E(AL)-.219 E(YSIS)-1.007 E F2(SPLA)108 506.4 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 1.224
(may be used to perform line-of-sight terrain analysis between tw)3.725
F 3.724(os)-.1 G 1.224(peci\214ed site locations.)-3.724 F -.15(Fo)6.224
G(r).15 E -.15(ex)108 518.4 S(ample:).15 E F1
(splat -t tx_site.qth -r rx_site.qth)108 542.4 Q F0(in)108 566.4 Q -.2
(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.832(sat).1 G 3.332
(errain analysis between the transmitter speci\214ed in)-5.832 F F3
(tx_site)5.832 E(.qth)-.15 E F0 3.333(and recei)5.833 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
5.833(rs).15 G 3.333(peci\214ed in)-5.833 F F3(rx_site)108 578.4 Q(.qth)
-.15 E F0 2.859(,a)C .359(nd writes a)-2.859 F F2(SPLA)2.859 E(T!)-.95 E
F0 .359(Obstruction Report to the current w)2.859 F .358
(orking directory)-.1 F 5.358(.T)-.65 G .358(he report contains)-5.358 F
.766(details of the transmitter and recei)108 590.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.267(rs).15 G .767(ites, and identi\214es the location of an)-3.267 F
3.267(yo)-.15 G .767(bstructions detected during)-3.267 F .628
(the analysis.)108 602.4 R .628
(If an obstruction can be cleared by raising the recei)5.628 F .927 -.15
(ve a)-.25 H .627(ntenna to a greater altitude,).15 F F2(SPLA)3.127 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 .573(will indicate the minimum antenna height required fo\
r a line-of-sight path to e)108 614.4 R .573
(xist between the transmitter)-.15 F .202(and recei)108 626.4 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G 2.702(rl).15 G .202(ocations speci\214ed.)-2.702 F .201(If the a\
ntenna must be raised a signi\214cant amount, this determination may)
5.202 F(tak)108 638.4 Q 3.004(es)-.1 G .504(ome time.)-3.004 F .504
(Note that the results pro)5.504 F .505(vided are the)-.15 F F3(minimum)
3.005 E F0 .505(necessary for a line-of-sight path to e)3.005 F(xist,)
-.15 E(and do not tak)108 650.4 Q 2.5(eF)-.1 G
(resnel zone clearance requirements into consideration.)-2.5 E F3(qth)
108 674.4 Q F0 -.15(ex)4.658 G 2.158(tensions are assumed by).15 F F2
(SPLA)4.658 E(T!)-.95 E F0 2.157
(for QTH \214les, and are optional when in)4.657 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 2.157
(king the program.).2 F F2(SPLA)108 686.4 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 1.048
(automatically reads all SPLA)3.548 F 3.548(TD)-1.11 G 1.049
(ata Files necessary to conduct the terrain analysis between the)-3.548
F 1.306(sites speci\214ed.)108 698.4 R F2(SPLA)6.306 E(T!)-.95 E F0
1.306(searches for the needed SDF \214les in the current w)3.806 F 1.305
(orking directory \214rst.)-.1 F 1.305(If the)6.305 F
(needed \214les are not found,)108 710.4 Q F2(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0
(then searches in the path speci\214ed by the)2.5 E F3(-d)2.5 E F0
(command-line switch:)2.5 E(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 129.12(are 02)-.1 F
(March 2006)2.5 E(4)198.45 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -d /cdrom/sdf/)108 84 Q F0 .329(An e)108
108 R .329(xternal directory path may be speci\214ed by placing a ".spl\
at_path" \214le under the user')-.15 F 2.83(sh)-.55 G .33(ome directory)
-2.83 F(.)-.65 E .401(This \214le must contain the full directory path \
to the last resort location of all the SDF \214les.)108 120 R .4
(The path in the)5.4 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF($HOME/.splat_path)108 132
Q F0(\214le must be of the form of a single line of ASCII te)2.5 E(xt:)
-.15 E F1(/opt/splat/sdf/)108 156 Q F0(and can be generated using an)108
180 Q 2.5(yt)-.15 G -.15(ex)-2.5 G 2.5(te).15 G(ditor)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E
3.022(Ag)108 204 S .523(raph of the terrain pro\214le between the recei)
-3.022 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.023(ra).15 G .523
(nd transmitter locations as a function of distance from)-3.023 F
(the recei)108 216 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rc).15 G
(an be generated by adding the)-2.5 E F2(-p)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F1
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -p terrain_profile.gif)108 240 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)108 264 Q(T!)-.95 E F0(in)4.12 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1
(ke).2 G(s).1 E F3(gnuplot)4.12 E F0 1.619(when generating graphs.)4.119
F 1.619(The \214lename e)6.619 F 1.619(xtension speci\214ed to)-.15 F F3
(SPLA)4.119 E(T!)-.95 E F0(deter)4.119 E(-)-.2 E .809
(mines the format of the graph produced.)108 276 R F2(.gif)5.809 E F0
.809(will produce a 640x480 color GIF graphic \214le, while)3.309 F F2
(.ps)3.309 E F0(or)3.309 E F2(.postscript)108 288 Q F0 1.212
(will produce postscript output.)3.712 F 1.211
(Output in formats such as PNG, Adobe Illustrator)6.212 F 3.711(,A)-.4 G
(utoCAD)-3.711 E 1.923(dxf, LaT)108 300 R 1.923(eX, and man)-.7 F 4.424
(yo)-.15 G 1.924(thers are a)-4.424 F -.25(va)-.2 G 4.424
(ilable. Please).25 F(consult)4.424 E F3(gnuplot)4.424 E F0 4.424(,a)C
(nd)-4.424 E F3(gnuplot)4.424 E F0 3.024 -.55('s d)D 1.924
(ocumentation for).55 F(details on all the supported output formats.)108
312 Q 3.543(Ag)108 336 S 1.043(raph of ele)-3.543 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.042
(tions subtended by the terrain between the recei).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.542(ra).15 G 1.042(nd transmitter as a function of dis-)-3.542 F
(tance from the recei)108 348 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rc).15 G
(an be generated by using the)-2.5 E F2(-e)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F1
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -e elevation_profile.gif)108 372 Q F0 .424
(The graph produced using this switch illustrates the ele)108 396 R -.25
(va)-.25 G .425(tion and depression angles resulting from the ter).25 F
(-)-.2 E .554(rain between the recei)108 408 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(r').15 E
3.054(sl)-.55 G .553
(ocation and the transmitter site from the perspecti)-3.054 F .853 -.15
(ve o)-.25 H 3.053(ft).15 G .553(he recei)-3.053 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r').15
E 3.053(sl)-.55 G(ocation.)-3.053 E 3.78(As)108 420 S 1.28
(econd trace is plotted between the left side of the graph \(recei)-3.78
F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r').15 E 3.781(sl)-.55 G 1.281
(ocation\) and the location of the)-3.781 F .449
(transmitting antenna on the right.)108 432 R .449
(This trace illustrates the ele)5.449 F -.25(va)-.25 G .448
(tion angle required for a line-of-sight path).25 F 1.073(to e)108 444 R
1.073(xist between the recei)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.574(ra).15 G 1.074
(nd transmitter locations.)-3.574 F 1.074
(If the trace intersects the ele)6.074 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.074
(tion pro\214le at an).25 F(y)-.15 E 1.031(point on the graph, then thi\
s is an indication that a line-of-sight path does not e)108 456 R 1.031
(xist under the conditions)-.15 F(gi)108 468 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(n, and th\
e obstructions can be clearly identi\214ed on the graph at the point\(s\
\) of intersection.).15 E 3.67(Ag)108 492 S 1.171(raph illustrating ter\
rain height referenced to a line-of-sight path between the transmitter \
and recei)-3.67 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E(may be generated using the)108
504 Q F2(-h)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F1
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -h height_profile.gif)108 528 Q F0
(The Earth')108 552 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(urv)-2.5 E(ature is clearly e)-.25 E
(vident when plotting height pro\214les.)-.25 E 2.5(Ag)108 576 S
(raph sho)-2.5 E(wing Longle)-.25 E
(y-Rice path loss may be plotted using the)-.15 E F2(-l)2.5 E F0
(switch:)2.5 E F1(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -l path_loss_profile.gif)
108 600 Q F0 .886(When performing path loss pro\214les, a Longle)108 624
R .886(y-Rice Model P)-.15 F .886(ath Loss Report is generated by)-.15 F
F3(SPLA)3.386 E(T!)-.95 E F0(in)3.386 E .754(the form of a te)108 636 R
.754(xt \214le with a)-.15 F F2(.lr)3.254 E(o)-.45 E F0 .754
(\214lename e)3.254 F 3.254(xtension. The)-.15 F .754
(report contains bearings and distances between)3.254 F .536
(the transmitter and recei)108 648 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.336 -.4(r, a).15 H
3.036(sw).4 G .536(ell as the Longle)-3.036 F .536
(y-Rice path loss for v)-.15 F .535(arious distances between the trans-)
-.25 F .095(mitter and recei)108 660 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.595(rl).15 G
2.595(ocations. The)-2.595 F .095(mode of propag)2.595 F .096
(ation for points along the path are gi)-.05 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.596(na)
.15 G(s)-2.596 E F2(Line-of-Sight)2.596 E F0(,)A F2(Single Horizon)108
672 Q F0(,)A F2(Double Horizon)2.5 E F0(,)A F2(Dif)2.5 E(fr)-.18 E
(action Dominant)-.15 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2 -1.85 -.55(Tr o)2.5 H
(poscatter Dominant).55 E F0(.)A 2.36 -.8(To d)108 696 T .76(etermine t\
he signal-to-noise \(SNR\) ratio at remote location where random Johnso\
n \(thermal\) noise is).8 F(the primary limiting f)108 708 Q
(actor in reception:)-.1 E(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 129.12(are 02)-.1 F
(March 2006)2.5 E(5)198.45 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0
SF(SNR)108.33 84 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(=)3.07 E F1(T)2.71 E F2(-)3.47 E F1
(NJ)2.9 E F2(-)3.17 E F1(L)2.78 E F2(+)2.73 E F1(G)2.18 E F2(-)2.7 E F1
(NF)2.9 E F0(where)108 108 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(T)3.076 E F0 .576
(is the ERP of the transmitter in dBW)3.076 F(,)-.92 E F3(NJ)3.076 E F0
.577(is Johnson Noise in dBW \(-136 dBW for a 6 MHz TV)3.076 F
(channel\),)108 120 Q F3(L)2.514 E F0 .014(is the path loss pro)2.514 F
.014(vided by)-.15 F F3(SPLA)2.514 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .013(in dB \(as a)
2.514 F F1(positive)2.513 E F0(number\),)2.513 E F3(G)2.513 E F0 .013
(is the recei)2.513 F .313 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .013(ntenna g).15 F(ain)-.05
E(in dB o)108 132 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(ri).15 G(sotropic, and)-2.5 E F3
(NF)2.5 E F0(is the recei)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rn).15 G
(oise \214gure in dB.)-2.5 E F3(T)108 156 Q F0(may be computed as follo)
2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1(T)107.91 180 Q F2(=)4.07 E F1(TI)2.71 E F2(+)3.21 E
F1(GT)2.18 E F0(where)108 204 Q F3(TI)3.055 E F0 .555
(is actual amount of RF po)3.055 F .555(wer deli)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
.555(red to the transmitting antenna in dBW).15 F(,)-.92 E F3(GT)3.055 E
F0 .555(is the transmit-)3.055 F .67(ting antenna g)108 216 R .67
(ain \(o)-.05 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.17(ri).15 G .67
(sotropic\) in the direction of the recei)-3.17 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.169
(r\().15 G .669(or the horizon if the recei)-3.169 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.169(ri).15 G 3.169(so)-3.169 G -.15(ve)-3.319 G 3.169(rt).15 G(he)
-3.169 E(horizon\).)108 228 Q 1.801 -.8(To c)108 252 T .201(ompute ho).8
F 2.701(wm)-.25 G .202(uch more signal is a)-2.701 F -.25(va)-.2 G .202
(ilable o).25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.702(rt).15 G .202
(he minimum to necessary to achie)-2.702 F .502 -.15(ve a s)-.25 H .202
(peci\214c signal-).15 F(to-noise ratio:)108 264 Q F1(Signal)108.33 288
Q F0(_).51 E F1(Margin).68 E F2(=)3.04 E F1(SNR)3.13 E F2(-)2.47 E F1(S)
2.53 E F0(where)108 312 Q F3(S)2.5 E F0
(is the minimum desired SNR ratio \(15.5 dB for A)2.5 E(TSC DTV)-1.11 E
2.5(,4)-1.29 G 2.5(2d)-2.5 G 2.5(Bf)-2.5 G(or analog NTSC tele)-2.5 E
(vision\).)-.25 E 2.611(At)108 336 S .111
(opographic map may be generated by)-2.611 F F3(SPLA)2.611 E(T!)-.95 E
F0 .11(to visualize the path between the transmitter and recei)2.611 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .098(sites from yet another perspecti)108 348 R
-.15(ve)-.25 G 5.098(.T).15 G .099(opographic maps generated by)-5.898 F
F3(SPLA)2.599 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .099(display ele)2.599 F -.25(va)-.25 G
.099(tions using a log-).25 F .336(arithmic grayscale, with higher ele)
108 360 R -.25(va)-.25 G .335
(tions represented through brighter shades of gray).25 F 5.335(.T)-.65 G
.335(he dynamic range)-5.335 F .257
(of the image is scaled between the highest and lo)108 372 R .257
(west ele)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .257(tions present in the map.).25 F
.258(The only e)5.258 F .258(xception to)-.15 F(this is sea-le)108 384 Q
-.15(ve)-.25 G(l, which is represented using the color blue.).15 E F3
(SPLA)108 408 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .59
(generated topographic maps are 24-bit T)3.09 F .59
(rueColor Portable PixMap \(PPM\) images.)-.35 F(The)5.59 E 3.09(ym)-.15
G .59(ay be)-3.09 F(vie)108 420 Q 1.06(wed, edited, or con)-.25 F -.15
(ve)-.4 G 1.06(rted to other graphic formats by popular image vie).15 F
1.06(wing applications such as)-.25 F F3(xv)3.56 E F0(,)A F3 1.66
(The GIMP)108 432 R F0(,)A F3(ImageMagick)4.16 E F0 4.16(,a)C(nd)-4.16 E
F3(XP)4.16 E(aint)-.1 E F0 6.66(.P)C 1.66
(NG format is highly recommended for lossless compressed)-6.66 F .371
(storage of)108 444 R F3(SPLA)2.871 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .371
(generated topographic output \214les.)5.371 F .372(An e)5.372 F .372
(xcellent command-line utility capable of con-)-.15 F -.15(ve)108 456 S
(rting).15 E F3(SPLA)12.217 E(T!)-.95 E F0 9.717
(PPM graphic \214les to PNG \214les is)12.217 F F3(wpng)12.217 E F0
12.217(,a)C 9.717(nd is a)-12.217 F -.25(va)-.2 G 9.716(ilable at:).25 F
F1(http://www)108 468 Q(.libpng)-.74 E(.or)-.15 E(g/pub/png/book/sour)
-.37 E(ces.html)-.37 E F0 5.152(.A)C 2.652(sal)-5.152 G .153
(ast resort, PPM \214les may be compressed using the)-2.652 F .662
(bzip2 utility)108 480 R 3.162(,a)-.65 G .662(nd read directly by)-3.162
F F3 .662(The GIMP)3.162 F F0 .662(in this format.)3.162 F -.8(To)5.662
G .661(pographic output is speci\214ed using the).8 F F1(-o)3.161 E F0
(switch:)108 492 Q/F4 10/Courier@0 SF
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -o topo_map.ppm)108 516 Q F0(The)108 540 Q
F1(.ppm)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G
(tension on the output \214lename is assumed by).15 E F3(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)
-.95 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd is optional.)-2.5 E .006(In this e)108 564 R
(xample,)-.15 E F1(topo_map.ppm)2.506 E F0 .007
(will illustrate the locations of the transmitter and recei)2.506 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.507(rs).15 G .007(ites speci\214ed.)-2.507 F(In)5.007 E .22
(addition, the great circle path between the tw)108 576 R 2.72(os)-.1 G
.22(ites will be dra)-2.72 F .22(wn o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.72(rl).15
G .22(ocations for which an unobstructed)-2.72 F 1.208(path e)108 588 R
1.209(xists to the transmitter at a recei)-.15 F 1.209
(ving antenna height equal to that of the recei)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.709(rs).15 G 1.209(ite \(speci\214ed in)-3.709 F F1(rx_site)108 600 Q
(.qth)-.15 E F0(\).)A .773(It may desirable to populate the topographic\
 map with names and locations of cities, to)108 624 R .773
(wer sites, or other)-.25 F(important locations.)108 636 Q 2.5(Ac)5 G
(ity \214le may be passed to)-2.5 E F3(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0
(using the)2.5 E F1(-s)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F4
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -s cities.dat -o topo_map)108 660 Q F0
(Up to \214v)108 684 Q 2.5(es)-.15 G
(eparate city \214les may be passed to)-2.5 E F3(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0
(at a time follo)2.5 E(wing the)-.25 E F1(-s)2.5 E F0(switch.)2.5 E .554
(County and state boundaries may be added to the map by specifying up t\
o \214v)108 708 R 3.055(eU)-.15 G .555(.S. Census Bureau carto-)-3.055 F
(graphic boundary \214les using the)108 720 Q F1(-b)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5
E(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 129.12(are 02)-.1 F(March 2006)2.5 E(6)198.45 E
EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -b co34_d00.dat -o topo_map)108 84 Q F0
1.064(In situations where multiple transmitter sites are in use, as man)
108 108 R 3.563(ya)-.15 G 3.563(sf)-3.563 G 1.063
(our site locations may be passed to)-3.563 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
(SPLA)108 120 Q(T!)-.95 E F0(at a time for analysis:)2.5 E F1
(splat -t tx_site1 tx_site2 tx_site3 tx_site4 -r rx_site -p profile.gif)
108 144 Q F0 .285(In this e)108 168 R .285(xample, four separate terrai\
n pro\214les and obstruction reports will be generated by)-.15 F F2
(SPLA)2.785 E(T!)-.95 E F0 5.285(.A)C(sin-)-2.5 E .509
(gle topographic map can be speci\214ed using the)108 180 R/F3 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(-o)3.009 E F0 .508
(switch, and line-of-sight paths between each transmitter)3.009 F .816
(and the recei)108 192 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.316(rs).15 G .816
(ite indicated will be produced on the map, each in its o)-3.316 F .817
(wn color)-.25 F 5.817(.T)-.55 G .817(he path between the)-5.817 F .767
(\214rst transmitter speci\214ed to the recei)108 204 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.267(rw).15 G .766
(ill be in green, the path between the second transmitter and the)-3.267
F(recei)108 216 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.463(rw).15 G .963(ill be in c)-3.463
F .964(yan, the path between the third transmitter and the recei)-.15 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.464(rw).15 G .964(ill be in violet, and the)-3.464 F
(path between the fourth transmitter and the recei)108 228 Q -.15(ve)
-.25 G 2.5(rw).15 G(ill be in sienna.)-2.5 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF
(DETERMINING REGION)72 244.8 Q(AL CO)-.219 E(VERA)-.548 E(GE)-.602 E F2
(SPLA)108 256.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .098
(can analyze a transmitter or repeater site, or netw)2.599 F .098
(ork of sites, and predict the re)-.1 F .098(gional co)-.15 F -.15(ve)
-.15 G .098(rage for).15 F .682(each site speci\214ed.)108 268.8 R .682
(In this mode,)5.682 F F2(SPLA)3.183 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .683
(can generate a topographic map displaying the geometric line-)3.183 F
.163(of-sight co)108 280.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G .163(rage area of the sites\
 based on the location of each site and the height of recei).15 F .462
-.15(ve a)-.25 H .162(ntenna wish-).15 F .438
(ing to communicate with the site in question.)108 292.8 R F2(SPLA)5.439
E(T!)-.95 E F0 .439(switches from point-to-point analysis mode to area)
2.939 F(prediction mode when the)108 304.8 Q F3(-c)2.5 E F0
(switch is in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(da).1 G 2.5(sf)-2.5 G
(ollo)-2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1
(splat -t tx_site -c 30.0 -s cities.dat -b co34_d00.dat -o tx_coverage)
108 328.8 Q F0 .27(In this e)108 352.8 R(xample,)-.15 E F2(SPLA)2.77 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 .269(generates a topographic map called)2.769 F F3(tx_co)
2.769 E(ver)-.1 E -.1(age)-.15 G(.ppm)-.05 E F0 .269
(that illustrates the predicted)2.769 F 1.534(line-of-sight re)108 364.8
R 1.534(gional co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.534(rage of).15 F F3(tx_site)
4.034 E F0 1.535(to recei)4.034 F 1.535(ving locations ha)-.25 F 1.535
(ving antennas 30.0 feet abo)-.2 F 1.835 -.15(ve g)-.15 H(round).15 E
(le)108 376.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.508(l\().15 G -.4(AG)-2.508 G 2.508
(L\). The).4 F .008(contents of)2.508 F F3(cities.dat)2.508 E F0 .007
(are plotted on the map, as are the cartographic boundaries contained)
2.508 F(in the \214le)108 388.8 Q F3(co34_d00.dat)2.5 E F0(.)A .572
(When plotting line-of-sight paths and areas of re)108 412.8 R .572
(gional co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(rage,).15 E F2(SPLA)3.072 E(T!)-.95 E
F0 .572(by def)3.072 F .572(ault does not account for)-.1 F .032(the ef)
108 424.8 R .032(fects of atmospheric bending.)-.25 F(Ho)5.032 E(we)-.25
E -.15(ve)-.25 G .832 -.4(r, t).15 H .032(his beha).4 F .032
(vior may be modi\214ed by using the Earth radius mul-)-.2 F(tiplier \()
108 436.8 Q F3(-m)A F0 2.5(\)s)C(witch:)-2.5 E F1(splat -t wnjt -c 30.0\
 -m 1.333 -s cities.dat -b counties.dat -o map.ppm)108 460.8 Q F0 .594
(An earth radius multiplier of 1.333 instructs)108 484.8 R F2(SPLA)3.095
E(T!)-.95 E F0 .595(to use the "four)3.095 F .595
(-thirds earth" model for line-of-sight)-.2 F(propag)108 496.8 Q
(ation analysis.)-.05 E(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G
(ppropriate earth radius multiplier may be selected by the user)-2.5 E
(.)-.55 E .202(When in)108 520.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.702(di).1
G 2.702(na)-2.702 G .202(rea prediction mode,)-2.702 F F2(SPLA)2.701 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 .201(generates a site report for each station analyzed.)
2.701 F F2(SPLA)5.201 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .658
(site reports contain details of the site')108 532.8 R 3.159(sg)-.55 G
.659(eographic location, its height abo)-3.159 F .959 -.15(ve m)-.15 H
.659(ean sea le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .659(l, the antenna').15 F(s)-.55 E
.613(height abo)108 544.8 R .913 -.15(ve m)-.15 H .613(ean sea le).15 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G .613(l, the antenna').15 F 3.112(sh)-.55 G .612
(eight abo)-3.112 F .912 -.15(ve a)-.15 H -.15(ve)-.05 G .612
(rage terrain, and the height of the a).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G .612
(rage ter).15 F(-)-.2 E(rain calculated in the directions of 0, 45, 90,\
 135, 180, 225, 270, and 315 de)108 556.8 Q(grees azimuth.)-.15 E .344
(If the)108 580.8 R F3(-c)2.844 E F0 .344(switch is replaced by a)2.844
F F3(-L)2.844 E F0 .344(switch, a Longle)2.844 F .345
(y-Rice path loss map for a transmitter site may be gen-)-.15 F(erated:)
108 592.8 Q F1
(splat -t wnjt -L 30.0 -s cities.dat -b co34_d00.dat -o path_loss_map)
108 616.8 Q F0 .978(In this mode,)108 640.8 R F2(SPLA)3.478 E(T!)-.95 E
F0 .977(generates a multi-color map illustrating e)3.478 F .977
(xpected signal le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .977(ls \(path loss\) in areas)
.15 F .996(surrounding the transmitter site.)108 652.8 R 3.496(Al)5.996
G -.15(eg)-3.496 G .997
(end at the bottom of the map correlates each color with a speci\214c)
.15 F .322(path loss le)108 664.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.822(li).15 G 2.822
(nd)-2.822 G 2.822(ecibels. Since)-2.822 F(Longle)2.822 E .322
(y-Rice area prediction map generation is v)-.15 F .322(ery CPU intensi)
-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.822(,p).15 G(ro-)-2.822 E .013
(vision for limiting the analysis range is pro)108 676.8 R .014
(vided by the)-.15 F F3(-R)2.514 E F0 2.514(switch. The)2.514 F(ar)2.514
E .014(gument must be gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.514(ni).15 G 2.514(nm)
-2.514 G 2.514(iles. If)-2.514 F 3.58(ar)108 688.8 S 1.08
(ange wider than the generated topographic map is speci\214ed,)-3.58 F
F2(SPLA)3.58 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.08(will perform Longle)3.58 F 1.08
(y-Rice path)-.15 F
(loss calculations between all four corners of the area prediction map.)
108 700.8 Q(The)108 724.8 Q F3(-db)3.344 E F0 .844(switch allo)3.344 F
.845(ws a constraint to be placed on the maximum path loss re)-.25 F
.845(gion plotted on the map.)-.15 F(A)5.845 E(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q
129.12(are 02)-.1 F(March 2006)2.5 E(7)198.45 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E .803
(path loss between 80 and 230 dB may be speci\214ed using this switch.)
108 84 R -.15(Fo)5.803 G 3.303(re).15 G .803(xample, if a path loss be)
-3.453 F(yond)-.15 E 1.399(-140 dB is irrele)108 96 R -.25(va)-.25 G
1.399(nt to the surv).25 F 1.699 -.15(ey b)-.15 H 1.399(eing conducted,)
.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)3.899 E(T!)-.95 E F0 2.499 -.55('s p)D
1.4(ath loss plot can be constrained to the).55 F(re)108 108 Q
(gion bounded by the 140 dB attenuation contour as follo)-.15 E(ws:)-.25
E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(splat -t wnjt -L 30.0 -s cities.dat -b co34_d00.da\
t -db 140 -o plot.ppm)108 132 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF
(DETERMINING MUL)72 160.8 Q(TIPLE REGIONS OF CO)-1.007 E(VERA)-.548 E
(GE)-.602 E F1(SPLA)108 172.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 1.087
(can also display line-of-sight co)3.587 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.086
(rage areas for as man).15 F 3.586(ya)-.15 G 3.586(sf)-3.586 G 1.086
(our separate transmitter sites on a)-3.586 F(common topographic map.)
108 184.8 Q -.15(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E F2
(splat -t site1 site2 site3 site4 -c 30.0 -o network.ppm)108 208.8 Q F0
.686(plots the re)108 232.8 R .687(gional line-of-sight co)-.15 F -.15
(ve)-.15 G .687(rage of site1, site2, site3, and site4 based on a recei)
.15 F .987 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .687(ntenna located).15 F .277
(30.0 feet abo)108 244.8 R .577 -.15(ve g)-.15 H .277(round le).15 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.776(l. A).15 F .276
(topographic map is then written to the \214le)2.776 F/F4 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(network.ppm)2.776 E F0 5.276(.T)C .276
(he line-of-sight)-5.276 F(co)108 256.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G .2
(rage area of the transmitters are plotted as follo).15 F .2
(ws in the colors indicated \(along with their correspond-)-.25 F
(ing RGB v)108 268.8 Q(alues in decimal\):)-.25 E F2
(site1: Green \(0,255,0\))132 292.8 Q(site2: Cyan \(0,255,255\))132
304.8 Q(site3: Medium Violet \(147,112,219\))132 316.8 Q
(site4: Sienna 1 \(255,130,71\))132 328.8 Q
(site1 + site2: Yellow \(255,255,0\))132 352.8 Q
(site1 + site3: Pink \(255,192,203\))132 364.8 Q
(site1 + site4: Green Yellow \(173,255,47\))132 376.8 Q
(site2 + site3: Orange \(255,165,0\))132 388.8 Q
(site2 + site4: Dark Sea Green 1 \(193,255,193\))132 400.8 Q
(site3 + site4: Dark Turquoise \(0,206,209\))132 412.8 Q
(site1 + site2 + site3: Dark Green \(0,100,0\))132 436.8 Q
(site1 + site2 + site4: Blanched Almond \(255,235,205\))132 448.8 Q
(site1 + site3 + site4: Medium Spring Green \(0,250,154\))132 460.8 Q
(site2 + site3 + site4: Tan \(210,180,140\))132 472.8 Q
(site1 + site2 + site3 + site4: Gold2 \(238,201,0\))132 496.8 Q F0 .247
(If separate)108 520.8 R F4(.qth)2.747 E F0 .247
(\214les are generated, each representing a common site location b)2.747
F .247(ut a dif)-.2 F .246(ferent antenna height,)-.25 F 3.535(as)108
532.8 S 1.035(ingle topographic map illustrating the re)-3.535 F 1.036
(gional co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.036(rage from as man).15 F 3.536(ya)
-.15 G 3.536(sf)-3.536 G 1.036(our separate locations on a)-3.536 F
(single to)108 544.8 Q(wer may be generated by)-.25 E F1(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)
-.95 E F0(.)A F3 -.197(TO)72 561.6 S(POGRAPHIC MAP GENERA).197 E(TION)
-1.04 E F0 .52(In certain situations, it may be desirable to generate a\
 topographic map of a re)108 573.6 R .519(gion without plotting co)-.15
F -.15(ve)-.15 G -.2(r-).15 G 1.006
(age areas, line-of-sight paths, or generating obstruction reports.)108
585.6 R 1.007(There are se)6.007 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.007(ral w).15 F
1.007(ays of doing this.)-.1 F(If)6.007 E .814(one wishes to generate a\
 topographic map illustrating the location of a transmitter and recei)
108 597.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.314(rs).15 G .814(ite along)-3.314 F 1.175
(with a brief te)108 609.6 R 1.176(xt report describing the locations a\
nd distances between the sites, the)-.15 F F4(-n)3.676 E F0 1.176
(switch should be)3.676 F(in)108 621.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5
(da).1 G 2.5(sf)-2.5 G(ollo)-2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -n -o topo_map.ppm)108 645.6 Q F0(If no te)
108 669.6 Q(xt report is desired, then the)-.15 E F4(-N)2.5 E F0
(switch is used:)2.5 E F2
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -N -o topo_map.ppm)108 693.6 Q F0 .061
(If the)108 717.6 R F4(-o)2.561 E F0 .061
(switch and output \214lename are omitted when using either the)2.561 F
F4(-n)2.56 E F0(or)2.56 E F4(-N)2.56 E F0 .06
(switches, output is written to)2.56 F 2.5<618c>108 729.6 S(le named)
-2.5 E F4(map.ppm)2.5 E F0(in the current w)2.5 E
(orking directory by def)-.1 E(ault.)-.1 E(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 129.12
(are 02)-.1 F(March 2006)2.5 E(8)198.45 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10.95
/Times-Bold@0 SF(DETERMIN)72 84 Q -1.04(AT)-.219 G(ION OF ANTENN)1.04 E
2.738(AH)-.219 G(EIGHT ABO)-2.738 E(VE A)-.548 E(VERA)-1.588 E
(GE TERRAIN)-.602 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)108 96 Q(T!)-.95 E F0
.947(determines antenna height abo)3.447 F 1.248 -.15(ve a)-.15 H -.15
(ve)-.05 G .948(rage terrain \(HAA).15 F .948
(T\) according to the procedure de\214ned by)-1.11 F .167
(Federal Communications Commission P)108 108 R .167(art 73.313\(d\).)
-.15 F .166(According to this de\214nition, terrain ele)5.166 F -.25(va)
-.25 G .166(tions along).25 F .794(eight radials between 2 and 10 miles\
 \(3 and 16 kilometers\) from the site being analyzed are sampled and)
108 120 R -2.25 -.2(av e)108 132 T .614(raged for each 45 de).2 F .613
(grees of azimuth starting with T)-.15 F .613(rue North.)-.35 F .613
(If one or more radials lie entirely o)5.613 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E
-.1(wa)108 144 S .534(ter or o).1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.034(rl).15 G .535
(and outside the United States \(areas for which no USGS topograph)
-3.034 F 3.035(yd)-.05 G .535(ata is a)-3.035 F -.25(va)-.2 G .535
(ilable\), then).25 F .519
(those radials are omitted from the calculation of a)108 156 R -.15(ve)
-.2 G .519(rage terrain.).15 F .519(If part of a radial e)5.519 F .519
(xtends o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.019(rab).15 G .518(ody of)-3.019 F -.1
(wa)108 168 S .012(ter or o).1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.512(rl).15 G .012(and\
 outside the United States, then only that part of the radial lying o)
-2.512 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.513(rU).15 G .013(nited States land is)-2.513
F(used in the determination of a)108 180 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G(rage terrain.)
.15 E .918(Note that SR)108 204 R .918(TM ele)-.6 F -.25(va)-.25 G .918
(tion data, unlik).25 F 3.418(eo)-.1 G .917
(lder 3-arc second USGS data, e)-3.418 F .917(xtends be)-.15 F .917
(yond the borders of the)-.15 F .866(United States.)108 216 R .867
(Therefore, HAA)5.866 F 3.367(Tr)-1.11 G .867
(esults may not be in full compliance with FCC P)-3.367 F .867
(art 73.313\(d\) in areas)-.15 F
(along the borders of the United States if the SDF \214les used by)108
228 Q F2(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0(are SR)2.5 E(TM-deri)-.6 E -.15(ve)-.25
G(d.).15 E .162(When performing point-to-point terrain analysis,)108 252
R F2(SPLA)2.662 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .162(determines the antenna height abo)
2.662 F .461 -.15(ve a)-.15 H -.15(ve)-.05 G .161(rage ter).15 F(-)-.2 E
.407(rain only if enough topographic data has already been loaded by th\
e program to perform the point-to-point)108 264 R 3.712(analysis. In)108
276 R 1.211(most cases, this will be true, unless the site in question \
does not lie within 10 miles of the)3.712 F(boundary of the topograph)
108 288 Q 2.5(yd)-.05 G(ata in memory)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E .491
(When performing area prediction analysis, enough topograph)108 312 R
2.991(yd)-.05 G .492(ata is normally loaded by)-2.991 F F2(SPLA)2.992 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 .492(to per)2.992 F(-)-.2 E .807(form a)108 324 R -.15(ve)
-.2 G .807(rage terrain calculations.).15 F .807(Under such conditions,)
5.807 F F2(SPLA)3.307 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .807(will pro)3.307 F .807
(vide the antenna height abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.25 -.2(av e)108
336 T .203(rage terrain as well as the a).2 F -.15(ve)-.2 G .203
(rage terrain abo).15 F .503 -.15(ve m)-.15 H .203(ean sea le).15 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.704(lf).15 G .204(or azimuths of 0, 45, 90, 135, 180, 225,)
-2.704 F .162(270, and 315 de)108 348 R .162
(grees, and include such information in the site report generated.)-.15
F .161(If one or more of the eight)5.161 F 1.004(radials surv)108 360 R
-.15(ey)-.15 G 1.004(ed f).15 F 1.004(all o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.504
(rw).15 G(ater)-3.604 E 3.504(,o)-.4 G 3.504(ro)-3.504 G -.15(ve)-3.654
G 3.504(rr).15 G -.15(eg)-3.504 G 1.004(ions for which no SDF data is a)
.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable,).25 E F2(SPLA)3.504 E(T!)-.95 E F0(reports)
3.505 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(No)3.505 E -.92(Te)108 372 S(rr).92 E
(ain)-.15 E F0(for the radial paths af)2.5 E(fected.)-.25 E F1
(RESTRICTING THE MAXIMUM SIZE OF AN AN)72 388.8 Q(AL)-.219 E
(YSIS REGION)-1.007 E F2(SPLA)108 400.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 1.265(reads SDF \
\214les as needed into a series of memory "slots" within the structure \
of the program.)3.765 F .089
(Each "slot" holds one SDF \214le representing a one de)108 412.8 R .09
(gree by one de)-.15 F .09(gree re)-.15 F .09(gion of terrain.)-.15 F(A)
5.09 E F3 .09(#de\214ne MAXS-)2.59 F(LO)108 424.8 Q(TS)-.4 E F0 1.448
(statement in the \214rst se)3.949 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.448(ral lines of)
.15 F F3(splat.cpp)3.948 E F0 1.448
(sets the maximum number of "slots" a)3.948 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.448
(ilable for).25 F(topograph)108 436.8 Q 3.277(yd)-.05 G 3.277(ata. It)
-3.277 F .777
(also sets the maximum size of the topographic maps generated by)3.277 F
F2(SPLA)3.278 E(T!)-.95 E F0 5.778(.M)C(AXS-)-5.778 E(LO)108 448.8 Q
.317(TS is set to 9 by def)-.4 F 2.817(ault. If)-.1 F F2(SPLA)2.817 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 .317(produces a se)2.817 F .316(gmentation f)-.15 F .316
(ault on start-up with this def)-.1 F .316(ault, it is an)-.1 F .463
(indication that not enough RAM and/or virtual memory \(sw)108 460.8 R
.464(ap space\) is a)-.1 F -.25(va)-.2 G .464(ilable to run).25 F F2
(SPLA)2.964 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .464(with this)2.964 F .614(number of MAXSLO)
108 472.8 R 3.114(TS. In)-.4 F .614(situations where a)3.114 F -.25(va)
-.2 G .613(ilable memory is lo).25 F 1.913 -.65(w, M)-.25 H(AXSLO).65 E
.613(TS may be reduced to 4)-.4 F .396
(with the understanding that this will greatly limit the maximum re)108
484.8 R(gion)-.15 E F2(SPLA)2.896 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .396
(will be able to analyze.)2.896 F(If)5.396 E .947(118 me)108 496.8 R
-.05(ga)-.15 G .947(bytes or more of total memory \(sw).05 F .947
(ap space plus RAM\) is a)-.1 F -.25(va)-.2 G .947(ilable, then MAXSLO)
.25 F .946(TS may be)-.4 F .442(increased to 16.)108 508.8 R .443
(This will permit operation o)5.443 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.943(ra4).15 G
(-de)-2.943 E .443(gree by 4-de)-.15 F .443(gree re)-.15 F .443
(gion, which is suf)-.15 F .443(\214cient for sin-)-.25 F .403
(gle antenna heights in e)108 520.8 R .403(xcess of 10,000 feet abo)-.15
F .702 -.15(ve m)-.15 H .402(ean sea le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .402
(l, or point-to-point distances of o).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.902(r1).15 G
(000)-2.902 E(miles.)108 532.8 Q F1(ADDITION)72 549.6 Q(AL INFORMA)-.219
E(TION)-1.04 E F0(In)108 561.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(king).2 E F2(SPLA)2.81 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 .31(without an)2.81 F 2.81(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.81 G .311
(uments will display all the command-line options a).18 F -.25(va)-.2 G
.311(ilable with the pro-).25 F
(gram along with a brief summary of each.)108 573.6 Q .333
(The latest ne)108 597.6 R .332(ws and information re)-.25 F -.05(ga)
-.15 G(rding).05 E F2(SPLA)2.832 E(T!)-.95 E F0(softw)2.832 E .332
(are is a)-.1 F -.25(va)-.2 G .332(ilable through the of).25 F(\214cial)
-.25 E F2(SPLA)2.832 E(T!)-.95 E F0(soft-)2.832 E -.1(wa)108 609.6 S
(re web page located at:).1 E F3(http://www)2.5 E
(.qsl.net/kd2bd/splat.html)-.74 E F0(.)A F1 -.548(AU)72 626.4 S(THORS)
.548 E F0(John A. Magliacane, KD2BD <)108 638.4 Q F3(kd2bd@amsat.or)A(g)
-.37 E F0(>)A(Creator)144 650.4 Q 2.5(,L)-.4 G(ead De)-2.5 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G(loper).15 E(Doug McDonald <)108 667.2 Q F3(mcdonald@scs.uiuc.edu)
A F0(>)A(Longle)144 679.2 Q(y-Rice Model inte)-.15 E(gration)-.15 E
(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 129.12(are 02)-.1 F(March 2006)2.5 E(9)198.45 E EP
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