Imported Debian patch 1.2.1-1

[debian/splat] / docs / english / postscript / splat.ps

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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10.95
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.219(NA)72 84 S(ME).219 E F0(splat \255 An RF)108 96 Q
/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(S)2.5 E F0(ignal)A F2(P)2.5 E F0(ropag)A(ation,)
-.05 E F2(L)2.5 E F0(oss,)A F2(A)2.5 E F0(nd)A F2(T)2.5 E F0
(errain analysis tool)A F1(SYNOPSIS)72 112.8 Q F0 2.893(splat [-t)108
124.8 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(tr)7.893 E(ansmitter_site)-.15 E(.qth)
-.15 E F0 5.393(][)C(-r)-5.393 E F3 -.37(re)5.393 G(ceiver_site).37 E
(.qth)-.15 E F0 5.393(][)C(-c)-5.393 E F3 2.892
(rx antenna height for LOS co)5.393 F(ver)-.1 E 3.092 -.1(age a)-.15 H
(nalysis).1 E(\(feet/meter)108 136.8 Q .399(s\) \(\215oat\))-.1 F F0
2.899(][)C(-L)-2.899 E F3 .399(rx antenna height for Longle)2.899 F .399
(y-Rice co)-.3 F(ver)-.1 E .599 -.1(age a)-.15 H .399
(nalysis \(feet/meter).1 F .4(s\) \(\215oat\))-.1 F F0 2.9(][)C(-p)-2.9
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(.e)-.15 E(xt)-.2 E F0 2.85(][)C(-e)-2.85 E F3(ele)2.85 E(vation_pr)-.15
E(o\214le)-.45 E(.e)-.15 E(xt)-.2 E F0 2.85(][)C(-h)-2.85 E F3
(height_pr)2.85 E(o\214le)-.45 E(.e)-.15 E(xt)-.2 E F0 2.85(][)C(-H)
-2.85 E F3(normalized_height_pr)2.85 E(o\214le)-.45 E(.e)-.15 E(xt)-.2 E
F0 2.85(][)C(-l)-2.85 E F3(Lon-)2.85 E(gle)108 160.8 Q(y-Rice_pr)-.3 E
(o\214le)-.45 E(.e)-.15 E(xt)-.2 E F0 5.518(][)C(-o)-5.518 E F3(topo)
5.518 E(gr)-.1 E(aphic_map_\214lename)-.15 E(.ppm)-.15 E F0 5.518(][)C
(-b)-5.518 E F3(carto)5.518 E(gr)-.1 E(aphic_boundary_\214lename)-.15 E
(.dat)-.15 E F0 5.518(][)C(-s)-5.518 E F3(site/city_database)108 172.8 Q
(.dat)-.15 E F0 3.236(][)C(-d)-3.236 E F3(sdf_dir)3.236 E(ectory_path)
-.37 E F0 3.236(][)C(-m)-3.236 E F3 .736(earth r)3.236 F .735
(adius multiplier \(\215oat\))-.15 F F0 3.235(][)C(-f)-3.235 E F3(fr)
3.235 E .735(equency \(MHz\) for)-.37 F -1.77 -.55(Fr e)108 184.8 T .815
(snel zone calculations \(\215oat\)).55 F F0 3.315(][)C(-R)-3.315 E F3
.815(maximum co)3.315 F(ver)-.1 E 1.016 -.1(age r)-.15 H .816
(adius \(miles/kilometer)-.05 F .816(s\) \(\215oat\))-.1 F F0 3.316(][)C
(-dB)-3.316 E F3(maximum)3.316 E 1.732
(attenuation contour to display on path loss maps \(80-230 dB\))108
196.8 R F0 4.232(][)C(-fz)-4.232 E F3 -1.77 -.55(Fr e)4.232 H 1.732
(snel zone clear).55 F 1.732(ance per)-.15 F(centa)-.37 E -.1(ge)-.1 G
4.055(\(default = 60\))108 208.8 R F0 6.555(][)C(-plo)-6.555 E F3
(path_loss_output_\214le)6.555 E(.txt)-.15 E F0 6.555(][)C(-pli)-6.555 E
F3(path_loss_input_\214le)6.555 E(.txt)-.15 E F0 6.555(][)C(-udt)-6.555
E F3(user_de\214ned_ter)6.555 E(-)-.2 E -.15(ra)108 220.8 S(in_\214le)
.15 E(.dat)-.15 E F0 2.5(][)C
(-n] [-N] [-nf] [-ngs] [-geo] [-kml] [-metric])-2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72
237.6 Q F2(SPLA)108 249.6 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 1.499(is a po)3.999 F 1.499
(werful terrestrial RF propag)-.25 F 1.498
(ation and terrain analysis tool for the spectrum between 20)-.05 F .157
(MHz and 20 GHz.)108 261.6 R F2(SPLA)5.157 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .157
(is free softw)2.657 F .158
(are, and is designed for operation on Unix and Linux-based w)-.1 F
(ork-)-.1 E 4.744(stations. Redistrib)108 273.6 R 2.244(ution and/or mo\
di\214cation is permitted under the terms of the GNU General Public)-.2
F .883(License, V)108 285.6 R .883
(ersion 2, as published by the Free Softw)-1.11 F .883(are F)-.1 F 3.383
(oundation. Adoption)-.15 F(of)3.384 E F2(SPLA)3.384 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .884
(source code in)5.884 F(proprietary or closed-source applications is a \
violation of this license and is)108 297.6 Q F2(strictly)2.5 E F0
(forbidden.)2.5 E F2(SPLA)108 321.6 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .531(is distrib)3.031
F .531(uted in the hope that it will be useful, b)-.2 F .53
(ut WITHOUT ANY W)-.2 F(ARRANTY)-1.2 E 3.03(,w)-1.29 G .53(ithout e)
-3.03 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E .75(the implied w)108 333.6 R .751
(arranty of MERCHANT)-.1 F .751(ABILITY or FITNESS FOR A P)-.93 F(AR)
-.92 E .751(TICULAR PURPOSE.)-.6 F .751(See the)5.751 F
(GNU General Public License for more details.)108 345.6 Q F1(INTR)72
362.4 Q(ODUCTION)-.329 E F0 .575(Applications of)108 374.4 R F2(SPLA)
3.075 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .574(include the visualization, design, and link b)
3.075 F .574(udget analysis of wireless W)-.2 F .574(ide Area)-.4 F
(Netw)108 386.4 Q 1.939(orks \(W)-.1 F 1.939
(ANs\), commercial and amateur radio communication systems abo)-1.2 F
2.239 -.15(ve 2)-.15 H 4.439(0M).15 G 1.94(Hz, micro)-4.439 F -.1(wa)
-.25 G -.15(ve)-.1 G 1.091(links, frequenc)108 398.4 R 3.591(yc)-.15 G
1.091(oordination and interference studies, and the prediction of analo\
g and digital terrestrial)-3.591 F(radio and tele)108 410.4 Q
(vision contour re)-.25 E(gions.)-.15 E F2(SPLA)108 434.4 Q(T!)-.95 E F0
(pro)4.69 E 2.191(vides RF site engineering data such as great circle d\
istances and bearings between sites,)-.15 F 2.725(antenna ele)108 446.4
R -.25(va)-.25 G 2.724(tion angles \(uptilt\), depression angles \(do)
.25 F 2.724(wntilt\), antenna height abo)-.25 F 3.024 -.15(ve m)-.15 H
2.724(ean sea le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(l,).15 E .858(antenna height abo)
108 458.4 R 1.158 -.15(ve a)-.15 H -.15(ve)-.05 G .858
(rage terrain, bearings, distances, and ele).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .859
(tions to kno).25 F .859(wn obstructions, Longle)-.25 F(y-)-.15 E .381
(Rice path attenuation, and recei)108 470.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.881(ds)
.15 G .381(ignal strength.)-2.881 F .381
(In addition, the minimum antenna height requirements)5.381 F .096
(needed to clear terrain, the \214rst Fresnel zone, and an)108 482.4 R
2.597(yu)-.15 G(ser)-2.597 E .097
(-de\214nable percentage of the \214rst Fresnel zone are)-.2 F(also pro)
108 494.4 Q(vided.)-.15 E F2(SPLA)108 518.4 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .102(produce\
s reports, graphs, and high resolution topographic maps that depict lin\
e-of-sight paths, and)2.603 F(re)108 530.4 Q .668
(gional path loss and signal strength contours through which e)-.15 F
.668(xpected co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .668
(rage areas of transmitters and).15 F .649
(repeater systems can be obtained.)108 542.4 R .648
(When performing line-of-sight and Longle)5.648 F .648
(y-Rice analyses in situations)-.15 F .344
(where multiple transmitter or repeater sites are emplo)108 554.4 R
(yed,)-.1 E F2(SPLA)2.845 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .345(determines indi)2.845 F
.345(vidual and mutual areas)-.25 F(of co)108 566.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G
(rage within the netw).15 E(ork speci\214ed.)-.1 E(Simply typing)108
590.4 Q/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(splat)2.5 E F0
(on the command line will return a summary of)2.5 E F2(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)
-.95 E F0 1.1 -.55('s c)D(ommand line options:).55 E F4
(--==[ SPLAT! v1.2.1 Available Options... ]==--)186 626.4 Q
(-t txsite\(s\).qth \(max of 4 with -c, max of 30 with -L\))138 650.4 Q
(-r rxsite.qth)138 662.4 Q
(-c plot coverage of TX\(s\) with an RX antenna at X feet/meters AGL)138
674.4 Q(-L plot path loss map of TX based on an RX at X feet/meters AGL)
138 686.4 Q(-s filename\(s\) of city/site file\(s\) to import \(5 max\))
138 698.4 Q(-b filename\(s\) of cartographic boundary file\(s\) to impo\
rt \(5 max\))138 710.4 Q(-p filename of terrain profile graph to plot)
138 722.4 Q F0(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 120.785(are 16)-.1 F(September 2007)
2.5 E(1)190.115 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF
(-e filename of terrain elevation graph to plot)138 84 Q
(-h filename of terrain height graph to plot)138 96 Q
(-H filename of normalized terrain height graph to plot)138 108 Q
(-l filename of Longley-Rice graph to plot)138 120 Q
(-o filename of topographic map to generate \(.ppm\))138 132 Q
(-u filename of user-defined terrain file to import)138 144 Q
(-d sdf file directory path \(overrides path in ~/.splat_path file\))138
156 Q(-m earth radius multiplier)138 168 Q
(-n do not plot LOS paths in .ppm maps)138 180 Q
(-N do not produce unnecessary site or obstruction reports)138 192 Q
(-f frequency for Fresnel zone calculation \(MHz\))138 204 Q
(-R modify default range for -c or -L \(miles/kilometers\))138 216 Q
(-db maximum loss contour to display on path loss maps \(80-230 dB\))132
228 Q(-nf do not plot Fresnel zones in height plots)132 240 Q
(-fz Fresnel zone clearance percentage \(default = 60\))132 252 Q
(-ngs display greyscale topography as white in .ppm files)126 264 Q
(-erp override ERP in .lrp file \(Watts\))126 276 Q
(-pli filename of path-loss input file)126 288 Q
(-plo filename of path-loss output file)126 300 Q
(-udt filename of user defined terrain input file)126 312 Q
(-kml generate Google Earth \(.kml\) compatible output)126 324 Q 2.667
(-geo generate an Xastir .geo georeference file \(with .ppm output\))126
336 R(-metric employ metric rather than imperial units for all user I/O)
108 348 Q/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(INPUT FILES)72 376.8 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)108 388.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .663
(is a command-line dri)3.163 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.164(na).15 G .664
(pplication and reads input data through a number of data \214les.)
-3.164 F(Some)5.664 E 1.42(\214les are mandatory for successful e)108
400.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.42
(cution of the program, while others are optional.).15 F 1.42
(Mandatory \214les)6.42 F 1.085(include 3-arc second topograph)108 412.8
R 3.585(ym)-.05 G 1.085(odels in the form of SPLA)-3.585 F 3.585(TD)
-1.11 G 1.085(ata Files \(SDF \214les\), site location \214les)-3.585 F
.395(\(QTH \214les\), and Longle)108 424.8 R .394
(y-Rice model parameter \214les \(LRP \214les\).)-.15 F .394
(Optional \214les include city location \214les,)5.394 F .929
(cartographic boundary \214les, user)108 436.8 R .929(-de\214ned terrai\
n \214les, path-loss input \214les, antenna radiation pattern \214les,)
-.2 F(and color de\214nition \214les.)108 448.8 Q F2(SPLA)72 465.6 Q
2.738(TD)-1.04 G -1.644 -1.04(AT A)-3.121 H(FILES)3.778 E F3(SPLA)108
477.6 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .43(imports topographic data in the form of SPLA)
2.93 F 2.93(TD)-1.11 G .43(ata Files \(SDFs\).)-2.93 F .43
(These \214les may be generated)5.43 F .737
(from a number of information sources.)108 489.6 R .737
(In the United States, SPLA)5.737 F 3.237(TD)-1.11 G .737
(ata Files can be generated through)-3.237 F 5.442(U.S. Geological)108
501.6 R(Surv)5.442 E 3.242 -.15(ey D)-.15 H 2.942(igital Ele).15 F -.25
(va)-.25 G 2.942(tion Models \(DEMs\) using the).25 F F3(usgs2sdf)5.441
E F0 2.941(utility included with)5.441 F F3(SPLA)108 513.6 Q(T!)-.95 E
F0 8.595(.U)C 3.595(SGS Digital Ele)-8.595 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.595
(tion Models compatible with this utility may be do).25 F 3.595
(wnloaded from:)-.25 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(http://edcftp.cr)108
525.6 Q(.usgs.go)-1.11 E(v/pub/data/DEM/250/)-.1 E F0(.)A .798
(Signi\214cantly better resolution and accurac)108 549.6 R 3.298(yc)-.15
G .798(an be obtained through the use of SR)-3.298 F .798(TM-3 V)-.6 F
.798(ersion 2 digital)-1.11 F(ele)108 561.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .659
(tion models.).25 F .659
(These models are the product of the STS-99 Space Shuttle Radar T)5.659
F(opograph)-.8 E 3.16(yM)-.05 G(ission,)-3.16 E .046(and are a)108 573.6
R -.25(va)-.2 G .046(ilable for most populated re).25 F .045
(gions of the Earth.)-.15 F(SPLA)5.045 E 2.545(TD)-1.11 G .045
(ata Files may be generated from SR)-2.545 F(TM)-.6 E .061
(data using the included)108 585.6 R F3(srtm2sdf)2.561 E F0(utility)
2.561 E 5.061(.S)-.65 G -.6(RT)-5.061 G .061(M-3 V).6 F .062
(ersion 2 data may be obtained through anon)-1.11 F .062(ymous FTP)-.15
F(from:)108 597.6 Q F4(ftp://e0srp01u.ecs.nasa.go)2.5 E(v:21/srtm/ver)
-.1 E(sion2/)-.1 E F0(The)108 621.6 Q F3(strm2sdf)3.707 E F0 1.207
(utility may also be used to con)3.707 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.206
(rt 3-arc second SR).15 F 1.206(TM data in Band Interlea)-.6 F -.15(ve)
-.2 G 3.706(db).15 G 3.706(yL)-3.706 G(ine)-3.706 E 1.106
(\(.BIL\) format for use with)108 633.6 R F3(SPLA)3.606 E(T!)-.95 E F0
6.106(.T)C 1.106(his data is a)-6.106 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.107
(ilable via the web at:).25 F F4(http://seamless.usgs.go)3.607 E(v/web-)
-.1 E(site/seamless/)108 645.6 Q F0 2.121(Band Interlea)108 669.6 R -.15
(ve)-.2 G 4.621(db).15 G 4.621(yL)-4.621 G 2.121(ine data must be do)
-4.621 F 2.121(wnloaded in a v)-.25 F 2.12
(ery speci\214c manner to be compatible with)-.15 F F3(srtm2sdf)108
681.6 Q F0(and)3.904 E F3(SPLA)3.904 E(T!)-.95 E F0 6.404(.P)C 1.404
(lease consult)-6.404 F F3(srtm2sdf)3.904 E F0 2.505 -.55('s d)D 1.405
(ocumentation for instructions on do).55 F 1.405(wnloading .BIL)-.25 F
(topographic data through the USGS')108 693.6 Q 2.5(sS)-.55 G(eamless W)
-2.5 E(eb Site.)-.8 E .241(Despite the higher accurac)108 717.6 R 2.741
(yt)-.15 G .241(hat SR)-2.741 F .241(TM data has to of)-.6 F(fer)-.25 E
2.741(,s)-.4 G .241(ome v)-2.741 F .241(oids in the data sets e)-.2 F
2.741(xist. When)-.15 F -.2(vo)2.741 G .241(ids are).2 F .332
(detected, the)108 729.6 R F3(srtm2sdf)2.832 E F0 .332
(utility replaces them with corresponding data found in e)2.832 F .332
(xisting SDF \214les \(that were)-.15 F(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 120.785
(are 16)-.1 F(September 2007)2.5 E(2)190.115 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E .034
(presumably created from earlier USGS data through the)108 84 R/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(usgs2sdf)2.533 E F0 2.533(utility\). If)2.533 F
(USGS-deri)2.533 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.533(dS).15 G .033(DF data is not)
-2.533 F -.2(av)108 96 S(ailable, v)-.05 E
(oids are handled through adjacent pix)-.2 E(el a)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G
(raging, or direct replacement.).15 E(SPLA)108 120 Q 2.782(TD)-1.11 G
.282(ata Files contain inte)-2.782 F .282(ger v)-.15 F .282
(alue topographic ele)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .282
(tions \(in meters\) referenced to mean sea le).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
2.782(lf).15 G(or)-2.782 E(1-de)108 132 Q .062(gree by 1-de)-.15 F .062
(gree re)-.15 F .062
(gions of the earth with a resolution of 3-arc seconds.)-.15 F .061
(SDF \214les can be read in either)5.061 F .711(standard format \()108
144 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(.sdf)A F0 3.211(\)a)C 3.211(sg)-3.211 G
.711(enerated by the)-3.211 F F1(usgs2sdf)3.211 E F0(and)3.211 E F1
(srtm2sdf)3.211 E F0 .712(utilities, or in bzip2 compressed format)3.211
F(\()108 156 Q F2(.sdf)A(.bz2)-.15 E F0 4.655(\). Since)B 2.155
(uncompressed \214les can be read slightly f)4.655 F 2.155
(aster than \214les that ha)-.1 F 2.455 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 2.155
(een compressed,).15 F F1(SPLA)108 168 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 1.764
(searches for needed SDF data in uncompressed format \214rst.)4.264 F
1.765(If uncompressed data cannot be)6.764 F(located,)108 180 Q F1(SPLA)
3.471 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .971
(then searches for data in bzip2 compressed format.)3.471 F .97
(If no compressed SDF \214les can be)5.971 F .778(found for the re)108
192 R .778(gion requested,)-.15 F F1(SPLA)3.278 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .778
(assumes the re)3.278 F .778(gion is o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.278(rw)
.15 G(ater)-3.378 E 3.278(,a)-.4 G .779(nd will assign an ele)-3.278 F
-.25(va)-.25 G .779(tion of).25 F(sea-le)108 204 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
(lt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(hese areas.)-2.5 E 1.062(This feature of)108 228
R F1(SPLA)3.562 E(T!)-.95 E F0(mak)3.561 E 1.061
(es it possible to perform path analysis not only o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
3.561(rl).15 G 1.061(and, b)-3.561 F 1.061(ut also between)-.2 F .554
(coastal areas not represented by Digital Ele)108 240 R -.25(va)-.25 G
.554(tion Model data.).25 F(Ho)5.554 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.354
-.4(r, t).15 H .555(his beha).4 F .555(vior of)-.2 F F1(SPLA)3.055 E(T!)
-.95 E F0(under)5.555 E(-)-.2 E 1.575(scores the importance of ha)108
252 R 1.575(ving all the SDF \214les required for the re)-.2 F 1.575
(gion being analyzed if meaningful)-.15 F(results are to be e)108 264 Q
(xpected.)-.15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SITE LOCA)72 280.8 Q
(TION \(QTH\) FILES)-1.04 E F1(SPLA)108 292.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .838
(imports site location information of transmitter and recei)3.338 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.339(rs).15 G .839(ites analyzed by the program from)-3.339
F .376(ASCII \214les ha)108 304.8 R .376(ving a)-.2 F F2(.qth)2.876 E F0
-.15(ex)2.876 G 2.875(tension. QTH).15 F .375(\214les contain the site')
2.875 F 2.875(sn)-.55 G .375(ame, the site')-2.875 F 2.875(sl)-.55 G
.375(atitude \(positi)-2.875 F .675 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.875(fN).15 G
(orth)-2.875 E .388(of the equator)108 316.8 R 2.888(,n)-.4 G -2.25 -.15
(eg a)-2.888 H(ti).15 E .688 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.888(fS).15 G .388
(outh\), the site')-2.888 F 2.888(sl)-.55 G .388(ongitude \(in de)-2.888
F .388(grees W)-.15 F .389(est, 0 to 360 de)-.8 F .389(grees, or de)-.15
F .389(grees East 0)-.15 F .639(to -360 de)108 328.8 R .639
(grees\), and the site')-.15 F 3.138(sa)-.55 G .638(ntenna height abo)
-3.138 F .938 -.15(ve g)-.15 H .638(round le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.138
(l\().15 G -.4(AG)-3.138 G .638(L\), each separated by a single line-).4
F .371(feed character)108 340.8 R 5.371(.T)-.55 G .371
(he antenna height is assumed to be speci\214ed in feet unless follo)
-5.371 F .372(wed by the letter)-.25 F F2(m)2.872 E F0 .372(or the)2.872
F -.1(wo)108 352.8 S(rd).1 E F2(meter)3.085 E(s)-.1 E F0 .585
(in either upper or lo)3.085 F .584(wer case.)-.25 F .584
(Latitude and longitude information may be e)5.584 F .584
(xpressed in either)-.15 F(decimal format \(74.6864\) or de)108 364.8 Q
(gree, minute, second \(DMS\) format \(74 41 11.0\).)-.15 E -.15(Fo)108
388.8 S 3.771(re).15 G 1.271
(xample, a site location \214le describing tele)-3.921 F 1.272
(vision station WNJT)-.25 F(-DT)-.92 E 3.772(,T)-.74 G 1.272
(renton, NJ \()-4.122 F F2(wnjt-dt.qth)A F0 3.772(\)m)C(ight)-3.772 E
(read as follo)108 400.8 Q(ws:)-.25 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(WNJT-DT)156
424.8 Q(40.2828)156 436.8 Q(74.6864)156 448.8 Q(990.00)156 460.8 Q F0
.23(Each transmitter and recei)108 484.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.73(rs).15 G
.23(ite analyzed by)-2.73 F F1(SPLA)2.73 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .23
(must be represented by its o)2.73 F .23(wn site location \(QTH\))-.25 F
(\214le.)108 496.8 Q F3(LONGLEY)72 513.6 Q(-RICE P)-1.007 E
(ARAMETER \(LRP\) FILES)-.81 E F0(Longle)108 525.6 Q 1.081
(y-Rice parameter data \214les are required for)-.15 F F1(SPLA)3.581 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 1.082(to determine RF path loss in either point-to-)3.581
F .292(point or area prediction mode.)108 537.6 R(Longle)5.291 E .291
(y-Rice model parameter data is read from \214les ha)-.15 F .291
(ving the same base)-.2 F(name as the transmitter site QTH \214le, b)108
549.6 Q(ut with a format \()-.2 E F2(wnjt-dt.lrp)A F0(\):)A F4 6
(15.000 ;)156 573.6 R
(Earth Dielectric Constant \(Relative permittivity\))6 E 12(0.005 ;)156
585.6 R(Earth Conductivity \(Siemens per meter\))6 E
(301.000 ; Atmospheric Bending Constant \(N-units\))156 597.6 Q
(647.000 ; Frequency in MHz \(20 MHz to 20 GHz\))156 609.6 Q 42(5;)156
621.6 S(Radio Climate \(5 = Continental Temperate\))-36 E 42(0;)156
633.6 S(Polarization \(0 = Horizontal, 1 = Vertical\))-36 E 18(0.50 ;)
156 645.6 R(Fraction of situations \(50% of locations\))6 E 18(0.90 ;)
156 657.6 R(Fraction of time \(90% of the time\))6 E
(46000.0 ; ERP in Watts \(optional\))156 669.6 Q F0 .77(If an LRP \214l\
e corresponding to the tx_site QTH \214le cannot be found,)108 693.6 R
F1(SPLA)3.271 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .771(scans the current w)3.271 F(orking)-.1
E 1.004(directory for the \214le "splat.lrp".)108 705.6 R 1.004
(If this \214le cannot be found, then def)6.004 F 1.003
(ault parameters will be assigned by)-.1 F F1(SPLA)108 717.6 Q(T!)-.95 E
F0 .454(and a corresponding "splat.lrp" \214le containing these def)
2.954 F .455(ault parameters will be written to the cur)-.1 F(-)-.2 E
(rent w)108 729.6 Q(orking directory)-.1 E 5(.T)-.65 G(he generated "sp\
lat.lrp" \214le can then be edited by the user as needed.)-5 E
(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 120.785(are 16)-.1 F(September 2007)2.5 E(3)
190.115 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E -.8(Ty)108 84 S
(pical Earth dielectric constants and conducti).8 E(vity v)-.25 E
(alues are as follo)-.25 E(ws:)-.25 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF
(Dielectric Constant)270 108 Q(Conductivity)12 E(Salt water)156 120 Q 48
(:8)42 G 96(05)-48 G(.000)-96 E(Good ground)156 132 Q 48(:2)36 G 96(50)
-48 G(.020)-96 E(Fresh water)156 144 Q 48(:8)36 G 96(00)-48 G(.010)-96 E
(Marshy land)156 156 Q 48(:1)36 G 96(20)-48 G(.007)-96 E
(Farmland, forest :)156 168 Q 90(15 0.005)48 F(Average ground)156 180 Q
48(:1)18 G 96(50)-48 G(.005)-96 E(Mountain, sand)156 192 Q 48(:1)18 G 96
(30)-48 G(.002)-96 E 72(City :)156 204 R 96(50)54 G(.001)-96 E
(Poor ground)156 216 Q -18 54(:4 0)36 H(.001)-54 E F0
(Radio climate codes used by)108 240 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)2.5 E
(T!)-.95 E F0(are as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1(1: Equatorial \(Congo\))
156 264 Q(2: Continental Subtropical \(Sudan\))156 276 Q
(3: Maritime Subtropical \(West coast of Africa\))156 288 Q
(4: Desert \(Sahara\))156 300 Q(5: Continental Temperate)156 312 Q
(6: Maritime Temperate, over land \(UK and west coasts of US & EU\))156
324 Q(7: Maritime Temperate, over sea)156 336 Q F0 1.486
(The Continental T)108 360 R 1.486(emperate climate is common to lar)-.7
F 1.486(ge land masses in the temperate zone, such as the)-.18 F .756
(United States.)108 372 R -.15(Fo)5.756 G 3.256(rp).15 G .756
(aths shorter than 100 km, there is little dif)-3.256 F .756
(ference between Continental and Maritime)-.25 F -.7(Te)108 384 S
(mperate climates.).7 E .12(The se)108 408 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .12
(nth and eighth parameters in the).15 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(.lrp)
2.62 E F0 .121(\214le correspond to the statistical analysis pro)2.621 F
.121(vided by the Lon-)-.15 F(gle)108 420 Q .605(y-Rice model.)-.15 F
.605(In this e)5.605 F(xample,)-.15 E F2(SPLA)3.105 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .604
(will return the maximum path loss occurring 50% of the time)3.105 F
.676
(\(fraction of time\) in 90% of situations \(fraction of situations\).)
108 432 R .676(This is often denoted as F\(50,90\) in Long-)5.676 F(le)
108 444 Q .986(y-Rice studies.)-.15 F .986(In the United States, an F\(\
50,90\) criteria is typically used for digital tele)5.986 F .986
(vision \(8-le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(l).15 E(VSB modulation\), while F\
\(50,50\) is used for analog \(VSB-AM+NTSC\) broadcasts.)108 456 Q -.15
(Fo)108 480 S 2.782(rf).15 G .282
(urther information on these parameters, see:)-2.782 F F3
(http://\215attop.its.bldr)2.782 E(doc.go)-.37 E(v/itm.html)-.1 E F0
(and)2.783 E F3(http://www)2.783 E(.soft-)-.74 E
(wright.com/faq/engineering/pr)108 492 Q(op_longle)-.45 E(y_rice)-.3 E
(.html)-.15 E F0 .229(The \214nal parameter in the)108 516 R F3(.lrp)
2.728 E F0 .228(\214le corresponds to the transmitter')2.728 F 2.728(se)
-.55 G -.25(ff)-2.728 G(ecti).25 E .528 -.15(ve r)-.25 H .228
(adiated po).15 F(wer)-.25 E 2.728(,a)-.4 G .228(nd is optional.)-2.728
F .127(If it is included in the le)108 528 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .128
(ls and \214eld strength le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.628(lc).15 G .128
(ontours when performing Longle)-2.628 F .128(y-Rice studies.)-.15 F
.128(If the)5.128 F .139
(parameter is omitted, path loss is computed instead.)108 540 R .138
(The ERP pro)5.138 F .138(vided in the)-.15 F F3(.lrp)2.638 E F0 .138
(\214le can be o)2.638 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .138(rridden by).15 F(using)108
552 Q F2(SPLA)3.181 E(T!)-.95 E F0 -.55('s)C F3(-erp)3.731 E F0 .681
(command-line switch.)3.181 F .681(If the)5.681 F F3(.lrp)3.181 E F0
.682(\214le contains an ERP parameter and the generation)3.181 F .531(o\
f path-loss rather than signal strength contours is desired, the ERP ca\
n be assigned to zero using the)108 564 R F3(-erp)3.031 E F0
(switch without ha)108 576 Q(ving to edit the)-.2 E F3(.lrp)2.5 E F0
(\214le to accomplish the same result.)2.5 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF
(CITY LOCA)72 592.8 Q(TION FILES)-1.04 E F0 .806
(The names and locations of cities, to)108 604.8 R .807
(wer sites, or other points of interest may be imported and plotted on)
-.25 F .798(topographic maps generated by)108 616.8 R F2(SPLA)3.297 E
(T!)-.95 E F0(.)A F2(SPLA)5.797 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .797
(imports the names of cities and locations from ASCII)3.297 F .11
(\214les containing the location of interest')108 628.8 R 2.61(sn)-.55 G
.111(ame, latitude, and longitude.)-2.61 F .111
(Each \214eld is separated by a comma.)5.111 F .949
(Each record is separated by a single line feed character)108 640.8 R
5.949(.A)-.55 G 3.449(sw)-5.949 G .949(as the case with the)-3.549 F F3
(.qth)3.449 E F0 .949(\214les, latitude and)3.449 F
(longitude information may be entered in either decimal or de)108 652.8
Q(gree, minute, second \(DMS\) format.)-.15 E -.15(Fo)108 676.8 S 2.5
(re).15 G(xample \()-2.65 E F3(cities.dat)A F0(\):)A F1
(Teaneck, 40.891973, 74.014506)156 700.8 Q
(Tenafly, 40.919212, 73.955892)156 712.8 Q
(Teterboro, 40.859511, 74.058908)156 724.8 Q F0(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q
120.785(are 16)-.1 F(September 2007)2.5 E(4)190.115 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF
(Tinton Falls, 40.279966, 74.093924)156 84 Q
(Toms River, 39.977777, 74.183580)156 96 Q(Totowa, 40.906160, 74.223310)
156 108 Q(Trenton, 40.219922, 74.754665)156 120 Q F0 3.199(At)108 144 S
.699(otal of \214v)-3.199 F 3.199(es)-.15 G .7(eparate city data \214le\
s may be imported at a time, and there is no limit to the size of these)
-3.199 F(\214les.)108 156 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)6.37 E(T!)-.95 E
F0 1.37(reads city data on a "\214rst come/\214rst serv)3.87 F 1.369
(ed" basis, and plots only those locations whose)-.15 F .113(annotation\
s do not con\215ict with annotations of locations read earlier in the c\
urrent city data \214le, or in pre)108 168 R(vi-)-.25 E .54
(ous \214les.)108 180 R .54(This beha)5.54 F .539
(vior minimizes clutter in)-.2 F F2(SPLA)3.039 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .539
(generated topographic maps, b)3.039 F .539(ut also mandates that)-.2 F
.149(important locations be placed to)108 192 R -.1(wa)-.25 G .149
(rd the be).1 F .15(ginning of the \214rst city data \214le, and locati\
ons less important be)-.15 F(positioned further do)108 204 Q
(wn the list or in subsequent data \214les.)-.25 E .997
(City data \214les may be generated manually using an)108 228 R 3.496
(yt)-.15 G -.15(ex)-3.496 G 3.496(te).15 G(ditor)-3.496 E 3.496(,i)-.4 G
.996(mported from other sources, or deri)-3.496 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(d).15 E
1.535(from data a)108 240 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.535
(ilable from the U.S. Census Bureau using the).25 F F2(citydecoder)4.035
E F0 1.535(utility included with)4.035 F F2(SPLA)4.035 E(T!)-.95 E F0(.)
A .153(Such data is a)108 252 R -.25(va)-.2 G .153(ilable free of char)
.25 F .153(ge via the Internet at:)-.18 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(http://www)2.652 E(.census.go)-.74 E(v/g)-.1 E
(eo/www/cob/bdy_\214les.html)-.1 E F0(,)A(and must be in ASCII format.)
108 264 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(CAR)72 280.8 Q -.197(TO)-.438 G
(GRAPHIC BOUND).197 E(AR)-.383 E 2.738(YD)-.383 G -1.644 -1.04(AT A)
-3.121 H(FILES)3.778 E F0 1.17(Cartographic boundary data may also be i\
mported to plot the boundaries of cities, counties, or states on)108
292.8 R .072(topographic maps generated by)108 304.8 R F2(SPLA)2.572 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 5.072(.S)C .071
(uch data must be of the form of ARC/INFO Ungenerate \(ASCII)-5.072 F
-.15(Fo)108 316.8 S 1.262
(rmat\) Metadata Cartographic Boundary Files, and are a).15 F -.25(va)
-.2 G 1.262(ilable from the U.S.).25 F 1.263(Census Bureau via the)6.262
F 19.948(Internet at:)108 328.8 R F3(http://www)22.448 E(.census.go)-.74
E(v/g)-.1 E(eo/www/cob/co2000.html#ascii)-.1 E F0(and)22.447 E F3
(http://www)22.447 E(.cen-)-.74 E(sus.go)108 340.8 Q(v/g)-.1 E
(eo/www/cob/pl2000.html#ascii)-.1 E F0 7.85(.A)C 2.85(total of \214v)
-2.5 F 5.35(es)-.15 G 2.85(eparate cartographic boundary \214les may be)
-5.35 F .813(imported at a time.)108 352.8 R .812
(It is not necessary to import state boundaries if county boundaries ha)
5.813 F 1.112 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .812(lready been).15 F(imported.)108 364.8
Q F4(PR)72 381.6 Q(OGRAM OPERA)-.329 E(TION)-1.04 E F2(SPLA)108 393.6 Q
(T!)-.95 E F0 1.03(is in)3.53 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.53(dv).1 G
1.03(ia the command-line using a series of switches and ar)-3.53 F 3.53
(guments. Since)-.18 F F2(SPLA)3.53 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.03(is a)3.53 F .746
(CPU and memory intensi)108 405.6 R 1.046 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .745
(pplication, this type of interf).15 F .745(ace minimizes o)-.1 F -.15
(ve)-.15 G .745(rhead and lends itself well to).15 F .421
(scripted \(batch\) operations.)108 417.6 R F2(SPLA)5.421 E(T!)-.95 E F0
1.521 -.55('s C)D .422
(PU and memory scheduling priority may be modi\214ed through the).55 F
(use of the Unix)108 429.6 Q F2(nice)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .226
(The number and type of switches passed to)108 453.6 R F2(SPLA)2.725 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 .225(determine its mode of operation and method of output)
2.725 F .007(data generation.)108 465.6 R .007(Nearly all of)5.007 F F2
(SPLA)2.507 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.107 -.55('s s)D .008
(witches may be cascaded in an).55 F 2.508(yo)-.15 G .008
(rder on the command line when)-2.508 F(in)108 477.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G
(king the program.).2 E F2(SPLA)108 501.6 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .69
(operates in tw)3.19 F 3.19(od)-.1 G .69(istinct modes:)-3.19 F F3 .69
(point-to-point mode)3.19 F F0 3.19(,a)C(nd)-3.19 E F3(ar)3.19 E .69
(ea pr)-.37 F .69(ediction mode)-.37 F F0 5.69(.E)C .69
(ither a line-of-)-5.69 F .334(sight \(LOS\) or Longle)108 513.6 R .334
(y-Rice Irre)-.15 F .334(gular T)-.15 F .335(errain \(ITM\) propag)-.7 F
.335(ation model may be in)-.05 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(db).1 G
2.835(yt)-2.835 G .335(he user)-2.835 F 5.335(.T)-.55 G(rue)-5.685 E
.626(Earth, four)108 525.6 R .626(-thirds Earth, or an)-.2 F 3.126(yo)
-.15 G .626(ther user)-3.126 F .626
(-de\214ned Earth radius may be speci\214ed when performing line-of-)-.2
F(sight analysis.)108 537.6 Q F4(POINT)72 554.4 Q(-T)-1.007 E
(O-POINT AN)-.197 E(AL)-.219 E(YSIS)-1.007 E F2(SPLA)108 566.4 Q(T!)-.95
E F0 1.224
(may be used to perform line-of-sight terrain analysis between tw)3.724
F 3.725(os)-.1 G 1.225(peci\214ed site locations.)-3.725 F -.15(Fo)6.225
G(r).15 E -.15(ex)108 578.4 S(ample:).15 E F1
(splat -t tx_site.qth -r rx_site.qth)108 602.4 Q F0(in)108 626.4 Q -.2
(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.628(sal).1 G .128
(ine-of-sight terrain analysis between the transmitter speci\214ed in)
-2.628 F F3(tx_site)2.627 E(.qth)-.15 E F0 .127(and recei)2.627 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.627(rs).15 G(peci\214ed)-2.627 E(in)108 638.4 Q F3(rx_site)
3.384 E(.qth)-.15 E F0 .884(using a T)3.384 F .884
(rue Earth radius model, and writes a)-.35 F F2(SPLA)3.384 E(T!)-.95 E
F0 -.15(Pa)3.384 G .884(th Analysis Report to the current).15 F -.1(wo)
108 650.4 S .549(rking directory).1 F 5.549(.T)-.65 G .549
(he report contains details of the transmitter and recei)-5.549 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.048(rs).15 G .548(ites, and identi\214es the loca-)-3.048 F
.016(tion of an)108 662.4 R 2.516(yo)-.15 G .016
(bstructions detected along the line-of-sight path.)-2.516 F .017
(If an obstruction can be cleared by raising the)5.016 F(recei)108 674.4
Q .497 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .197(ntenna to a greater altitude,).15 F F2
(SPLA)2.697 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .197
(will indicate the minimum antenna height required for a line-)2.697 F
1.654(of-sight path to e)108 686.4 R 1.654
(xist between the transmitter and recei)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.154(rl)
.15 G 1.654(ocations speci\214ed.)-4.154 F 1.655
(Note that imperial units)6.655 F
(\(miles, feet\) are speci\214ed unless the)108 698.4 Q F3(-metric)2.5 E
F0(switch is added to)2.5 E F2(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.1 -.55('s c)D
(ommand line options:).55 E F1
(splat -t tx_site.qth -r rx_site.qth -metric)108 722.4 Q F0(KD2BD Softw)
72 768 Q 120.785(are 16)-.1 F(September 2007)2.5 E(5)190.115 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E .534(If the antenna\
 must be raised a signi\214cant amount, this determination may tak)108
84 R 3.033(eaf)-.1 G 1.033 -.25(ew m)-3.033 H 3.033(oments. Note).25 F
(that)3.033 E .329(the results pro)108 96 R .329(vided are the)-.15 F/F1
10/Times-Italic@0 SF(minimum)2.829 E F0 .329
(necessary for a line-of-sight path to e)2.829 F .33
(xist, and in the case of this sim-)-.15 F(ple e)108 108 Q
(xample, do not tak)-.15 E 2.5(eF)-.1 G
(resnel zone clearance requirements into consideration.)-2.5 E F1(qth)
108 132 Q F0 -.15(ex)2.534 G .034(tensions are assumed by).15 F/F2 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)2.534 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .033
(for QTH \214les, and are optional when specifying -t and -r ar)2.534 F
(guments)-.18 E .532(on the command-line.)108 144 R F2(SPLA)5.532 E(T!)
-.95 E F0 .532(automatically reads all SPLA)3.032 F 3.032(TD)-1.11 G
.532(ata Files necessary to conduct the terrain)-3.032 F .912
(analysis between the sites speci\214ed.)108 156 R F2(SPLA)5.912 E(T!)
-.95 E F0 .911(searches for the required SDF \214les in the current w)
5.911 F(orking)-.1 E .188(directory \214rst.)108 168 R .188
(If the needed \214les are not found,)5.188 F F2(SPLA)2.688 E(T!)-.95 E
F0 .189(then searches in the path speci\214ed by the)2.688 F F1(-d)2.689
E F0(com-)2.689 E(mand-line switch:)108 180 Q/F3 10/Courier@0 SF
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -d /cdrom/sdf/)108 204 Q F0 .33(An e)108
228 R .329(xternal directory path may be speci\214ed by placing a ".spl\
at_path" \214le under the user')-.15 F 2.829(sh)-.55 G .329
(ome directory)-2.829 F(.)-.65 E 3.045(This \214le must contain the ful\
l directory path of last resort to all the SDF \214les.)108 240 R 3.045
(The path in the)8.045 F F1($HOME/.splat_path)108 252 Q F0
(\214le must be of the form of a single line of ASCII te)2.5 E(xt:)-.15
E F3(/opt/splat/sdf/)108 276 Q F0(and can be generated using an)108 300
Q 2.5(yt)-.15 G -.15(ex)-2.5 G 2.5(te).15 G(ditor)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E 3.023
(Ag)108 324 S .523(raph of the terrain pro\214le between the recei)
-3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.023(ra).15 G .523
(nd transmitter locations as a function of distance from)-3.023 F
(the recei)108 336 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rc).15 G
(an be generated by adding the)-2.5 E F1(-p)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F3
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -p terrain_profile.png)108 360 Q F2(SPLA)
108 384 Q(T!)-.95 E F0(in)4.119 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(s).1 E F2
(gnuplot)4.119 E F0 1.619(when generating graphs.)4.119 F 1.619
(The \214lename e)6.619 F 1.619(xtension speci\214ed to)-.15 F F2(SPLA)
4.12 E(T!)-.95 E F0(deter)4.12 E(-)-.2 E .346
(mines the format of the graph produced.)108 396 R F1(.png)5.346 E F0
.346(will produce a 640x480 color PNG graphic \214le, while)2.846 F F1
(.ps)2.846 E F0(or)2.846 E F1(.postscript)108 408 Q F0 .15
(will produce postscript output.)2.65 F .151
(Output in formats such as GIF)5.151 F 2.651(,A)-.8 G .151
(dobe Illustrator)-2.651 F 2.651(,A)-.4 G .151(utoCAD dxf,)-2.651 F(LaT)
108 420 Q .16(eX, and man)-.7 F 2.66(yo)-.15 G .16(thers are a)-2.66 F
-.25(va)-.2 G 2.659(ilable. Please).25 F(consult)2.659 E F2(gnuplot)
2.659 E F0 2.659(,a)C(nd)-2.659 E F2(gnuplot)2.659 E F0 1.259 -.55('s d)
D .159(ocumentation for details on).55 F
(all the supported output formats.)108 432 Q 3.542(Ag)108 456 S 1.042
(raph of ele)-3.542 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.042
(tions subtended by the terrain between the recei).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.542(ra).15 G 1.043(nd transmitter as a function of dis-)-3.542 F
(tance from the recei)108 468 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rc).15 G
(an be generated by using the)-2.5 E F1(-e)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F3
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -e elevation_profile.png)108 492 Q F0 .425
(The graph produced using this switch illustrates the ele)108 516 R -.25
(va)-.25 G .424(tion and depression angles resulting from the ter).25 F
(-)-.2 E .553(rain between the recei)108 528 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(r').15 E
3.053(sl)-.55 G .553
(ocation and the transmitter site from the perspecti)-3.053 F .854 -.15
(ve o)-.25 H 3.054(ft).15 G .554(he recei)-3.054 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r').15
E 3.054(sl)-.55 G(ocation.)-3.054 E 3.781(As)108 540 S 1.281
(econd trace is plotted between the left side of the graph \(recei)
-3.781 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r').15 E 3.78(sl)-.55 G 1.28
(ocation\) and the location of the)-3.78 F .448
(transmitting antenna on the right.)108 552 R .449
(This trace illustrates the ele)5.448 F -.25(va)-.25 G .449
(tion angle required for a line-of-sight path).25 F 1.074(to e)108 564 R
1.074(xist between the recei)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.574(ra).15 G 1.074
(nd transmitter locations.)-3.574 F 1.074
(If the trace intersects the ele)6.074 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.073
(tion pro\214le at an).25 F(y)-.15 E 1.031(point on the graph, then thi\
s is an indication that a line-of-sight path does not e)108 576 R 1.032
(xist under the conditions)-.15 F(gi)108 588 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(n, and th\
e obstructions can be clearly identi\214ed on the graph at the point\(s\
\) of intersection.).15 E 3.671(Ag)108 612 S 1.171(raph illustrating te\
rrain height referenced to a line-of-sight path between the transmitter\
 and recei)-3.671 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E(may be generated using the)
108 624 Q F1(-h)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F3
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -h height_profile.png)108 648 Q F0 3.245
(At)108 672 S .745
(errain height plot normalized to the transmitter and recei)-3.245 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.245(ra).15 G .745
(ntenna heights can be obtained using the)-3.245 F F1(-H)108 684 Q F0
(switch:)2.5 E F3
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -H normalized_height_profile.png)108 708 Q
F0(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 120.785(are 16)-.1 F(September 2007)2.5 E(6)
190.115 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E 2.5(Ac)108 84 S
(ontour of the Earth')-2.5 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G(urv)-2.5 E
(ature is also plotted in this mode.)-.25 E .635(The \214rst Fresnel Zo\
ne, and 60% of the \214rst Fresnel Zone can be added to height pro\214l\
e graphs by adding)108 108 R(the)108 120 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(-f)
2.5 E F0(switch, and specifying a frequenc)2.5 E 2.5(y\()-.15 G
(in MHz\) at which the Fresnel Zone should be modeled:)-2.5 E/F2 10
/Courier@0 SF(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -f 439.250 -H normalized_heig\
ht_profile.png)108 144 Q F0
(Fresnel Zone clearances other 60% can be speci\214ed using the)108 168
Q F1(-fz)2.5 E F0(switch as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -f 439.250 -fz 75 -H height_profile2.png)
108 192 Q F0 2.5(Ag)108 216 S(raph sho)-2.5 E(wing Longle)-.25 E
(y-Rice path loss may be plotted using the)-.15 E F1(-l)2.5 E F0
(switch:)2.5 E F2(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -l path_loss_profile.png)
108 240 Q F0(As before, adding the)108 264 Q F1(-metric)2.5 E F0
(switch forces the graphs to be plotted using metric units of measure.)
2.5 E .735(When performing a point-to-point analysis, a)108 288 R/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)3.235 E(T!)-.95 E F0 -.15(Pa)3.235 G .735
(th Analysis Report is generated in the form of a).15 F(te)108 300 Q
.528(xt \214le with a)-.15 F F1(.txt)3.028 E F0 .528(\214lename e)3.028
F 3.028(xtension. The)-.15 F .528
(report contains bearings and distances between the transmitter)3.028 F
.605(and recei)108 312 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.405 -.4(r, a).15 H 3.105(sw).4
G .605(ell as the free-space and Longle)-3.105 F .605
(y-Rice path loss for the path being analyzed.)-.15 F .606(The mode)
5.606 F .935(of propag)108 324 R .935(ation for the path is gi)-.05 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(na).15 G(s)-3.434 E F1(Line-of-Sight)3.434 E F0(,)A
F1 .934(Single Horizon)3.434 F F0(,)A F1 .934(Double Horizon)3.434 F F0
(,)A F1(Dif)3.434 E(fr)-.18 E .934(action Domi-)-.15 F(nant)108 336 Q F0
2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1 -1.85 -.55(Tr o)2.5 H(poscatter Dominant).55 E F0
(.)A .126(Distances and locations to kno)108 360 R .127
(wn obstructions along the path between transmitter and recei)-.25 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.627(ra).15 G .127(re also pro-)-2.627 F 3.268
(vided. If)108 372 R .767(the transmitter')3.268 F 3.267(se)-.55 G -.25
(ff)-3.267 G(ecti).25 E 1.067 -.15(ve r)-.25 H .767(adiated po).15 F
.767(wer is speci\214ed in the transmitter')-.25 F 3.267(sc)-.55 G
(orresponding)-3.267 E F1(.lrp)3.267 E F0(\214le,)3.267 E 1.39
(then predicted signal strength and antenna v)108 384 R 1.391
(oltage at the recei)-.2 F 1.391(ving location is also pro)-.25 F 1.391
(vided in the P)-.15 F(ath)-.15 E(Analysis Report.)108 396 Q 2.36 -.8
(To d)108 420 T .76(etermine the signal-to-noise \(SNR\) ratio at remot\
e location where random Johnson \(thermal\) noise is).8 F
(the primary limiting f)108 432 Q(actor in reception:)-.1 E F1(SNR)
108.33 456 Q/F4 10/Symbol SF(=)3.07 E F1(T)2.71 E F4(-)3.47 E F1(NJ)2.9
E F4(-)3.17 E F1(L)2.78 E F4(+)2.73 E F1(G)2.18 E F4(-)2.7 E F1(NF)2.9 E
F0(where)108 480 Q F3(T)2.714 E F0 .215
(is the ERP of the transmitter in dBW in the direction of the recei)
2.714 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G F3(NJ)3.115 E F0 .215
(is Johnson Noise in dBW)2.715 F .725(\(-136 dBW for a 6 MHz tele)108
492 R .725(vision channel\),)-.25 F F3(L)3.225 E F0 .725
(is the path loss pro)3.225 F .725(vided by)-.15 F F3(SPLA)3.225 E(T!)
-.95 E F0 .725(in dB \(as a)5.725 F F1(positive)3.225 E F0(number\),)108
504 Q F3(G)2.5 E F0(is the recei)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(ntenna g).15
E(ain in dB o)-.05 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(ri).15 G(sotropic, and)-2.5 E F3
(NF)2.5 E F0(is the recei)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rn).15 G
(oise \214gure in dB.)-2.5 E F3(T)108 528 Q F0(may be computed as follo)
2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1(T)107.91 552 Q F4(=)4.07 E F1(TI)2.71 E F4(+)3.21 E
F1(GT)2.18 E F0(where)108 576 Q F3(TI)3.055 E F0 .555
(is actual amount of RF po)3.055 F .555(wer deli)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
.555(red to the transmitting antenna in dBW).15 F(,)-.92 E F3(GT)3.055 E
F0 .555(is the transmit-)3.055 F .67(ting antenna g)108 588 R .67
(ain \(o)-.05 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.17(ri).15 G .67
(sotropic\) in the direction of the recei)-3.17 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.169
(r\().15 G .669(or the horizon if the recei)-3.169 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.169(ri).15 G 3.169(so)-3.169 G -.15(ve)-3.319 G 3.169(rt).15 G(he)
-3.169 E(horizon\).)108 600 Q 1.801 -.8(To c)108 624 T .201(ompute ho).8
F 2.701(wm)-.25 G .202(uch more signal is a)-2.701 F -.25(va)-.2 G .202
(ilable o).25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.702(rt).15 G .202
(he minimum to necessary to achie)-2.702 F .502 -.15(ve a s)-.25 H .202
(peci\214c signal-).15 F(to-noise ratio:)108 636 Q F1(Signal)108.33 660
Q F0(_).51 E F1(Margin).68 E F4(=)3.04 E F1(SNR)3.13 E F4(-)2.47 E F1(S)
2.53 E F0(where)108 684 Q F3(S)3.849 E F0 1.349
(is the minimum required SNR ratio \(15.5 dB for A)3.849 F 1.349
(TSC \(8-le)-1.11 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.849(lV).15 G 1.349(SB\) DTV)-3.849
F 3.849(,4)-1.29 G 3.849(2d)-3.849 G 3.848(Bf)-3.849 G 1.348(or analog)
-3.848 F(NTSC tele)108 696 Q(vision\).)-.25 E 2.61(At)108 720 S .11
(opographic map may be generated by)-2.61 F F3(SPLA)2.611 E(T!)-.95 E F0
.111(to visualize the path between the transmitter and recei)2.611 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 120.785(are 16)-.1 F
(September 2007)2.5 E(7)190.115 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E .099
(sites from yet another perspecti)108 84 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.099(.T).15 G
.099(opographic maps generated by)-5.899 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)
2.598 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .098(display ele)2.598 F -.25(va)-.25 G .098
(tions using a log-).25 F .335(arithmic grayscale, with higher ele)108
96 R -.25(va)-.25 G .335
(tions represented through brighter shades of gray).25 F 5.336(.T)-.65 G
.336(he dynamic range)-5.336 F .257
(of the image is scaled between the highest and lo)108 108 R .257
(west ele)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .257(tions present in the map.).25 F
.257(The only e)5.257 F .257(xception to)-.15 F(this is sea-le)108 120 Q
-.15(ve)-.25 G(l, which is represented using the color blue.).15 E -.8
(To)108 144 S(pographic output is in).8 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5
(du).1 G(sing the)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(-o)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5
E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -o topo_map.ppm)108 168
Q F0(The)108 192 Q F2(.ppm)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G
(tension on the output \214lename is assumed by).15 E F1(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)
-.95 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd is optional.)-2.5 E .006(In this e)108 216 R
(xample,)-.15 E F2(topo_map.ppm)2.506 E F0 .007
(will illustrate the locations of the transmitter and recei)2.506 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.507(rs).15 G .007(ites speci\214ed.)-2.507 F(In)5.007 E .22
(addition, the great circle path between the tw)108 228 R 2.72(os)-.1 G
.22(ites will be dra)-2.72 F .22(wn o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.72(rl).15
G .22(ocations for which an unobstructed)-2.72 F 1.208(path e)108 240 R
1.209(xists to the transmitter at a recei)-.15 F 1.209
(ving antenna height equal to that of the recei)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.709(rs).15 G 1.209(ite \(speci\214ed in)-3.709 F F2(rx_site)108 252 Q
(.qth)-.15 E F0(\).)A .773(It may desirable to populate the topographic\
 map with names and locations of cities, to)108 276 R .773
(wer sites, or other)-.25 F(important locations.)108 288 Q 2.5(Ac)5 G
(ity \214le may be passed to)-2.5 E F1(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0
(using the)2.5 E F2(-s)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F3
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -s cities.dat -o topo_map)108 312 Q F0
(Up to \214v)108 336 Q 2.5(es)-.15 G
(eparate city \214les may be passed to)-2.5 E F1(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0
(at a time follo)2.5 E(wing the)-.25 E F2(-s)2.5 E F0(switch.)2.5 E .554
(County and state boundaries may be added to the map by specifying up t\
o \214v)108 360 R 3.055(eU)-.15 G .555(.S. Census Bureau carto-)-3.055 F
(graphic boundary \214les using the)108 372 Q F2(-b)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5
E F3(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -b co34_d00.dat -o topo_map)108 396 Q
F0 1.064
(In situations where multiple transmitter sites are in use, as man)108
420 R 3.563(ya)-.15 G 3.563(sf)-3.563 G 1.063
(our site locations may be passed to)-3.563 F F1(SPLA)108 432 Q(T!)-.95
E F0(at a time for analysis:)2.5 E F3
(splat -t tx_site1 tx_site2 tx_site3 tx_site4 -r rx_site -p profile.png)
108 456 Q F0 .285(In this e)108 480 R .285(xample, four separate terrai\
n pro\214les and obstruction reports will be generated by)-.15 F F1
(SPLA)2.785 E(T!)-.95 E F0 5.285(.A)C(sin-)-2.5 E .509
(gle topographic map can be speci\214ed using the)108 492 R F2(-o)3.009
E F0 .508(switch, and line-of-sight paths between each transmitter)3.009
F .816(and the recei)108 504 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.316(rs).15 G .816
(ite indicated will be produced on the map, each in its o)-3.316 F .817
(wn color)-.25 F 5.817(.T)-.55 G .817(he path between the)-5.817 F .767
(\214rst transmitter speci\214ed to the recei)108 516 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.267(rw).15 G .766
(ill be in green, the path between the second transmitter and the)-3.267
F(recei)108 528 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.463(rw).15 G .963(ill be in c)-3.463
F .964(yan, the path between the third transmitter and the recei)-.15 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.464(rw).15 G .964(ill be in violet, and the)-3.464 F
(path between the fourth transmitter and the recei)108 540 Q -.15(ve)
-.25 G 2.5(rw).15 G(ill be in sienna.)-2.5 E F1(SPLA)108 564 Q(T!)-.95 E
F0 .59(generated topographic maps are 24-bit T)3.09 F .59
(rueColor Portable PixMap \(PPM\) images.)-.35 F(The)5.59 E 3.09(ym)-.15
G .59(ay be)-3.09 F(vie)108 576 Q 1.06(wed, edited, or con)-.25 F -.15
(ve)-.4 G 1.06(rted to other graphic formats by popular image vie).15 F
1.06(wing applications such as)-.25 F F1(xv)3.56 E F0(,)A F1 1.66
(The GIMP)108 588 R F0(,)A F1(ImageMagick)4.16 E F0 4.16(,a)C(nd)-4.16 E
F1(XP)4.16 E(aint)-.1 E F0 6.66(.P)C 1.66
(NG format is highly recommended for lossless compressed)-6.66 F .726
(storage of)108 600 R F1(SPLA)3.226 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .726
(generated topographic output \214les.)5.726 F F1(ImageMagick)5.726 E F0
1.827 -.55('s c)D .727(ommand-line utility easily con-).55 F -.15(ve)108
612 S(rts).15 E F1(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.1 -.55('s P)D
(PM \214les to PNG format:).55 E F3(convert splat_map.ppm splat_map.png)
108 636 Q F0 17.667(Another e)108 660 R 17.667
(xcellent PPM to PNG command-line utility is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G
17.666(ilable at:).25 F F2(http://www)108 672 Q(.libpng)-.74 E(.or)-.15
E(g/pub/png/book/sour)-.37 E(ces.html)-.37 E F0 5.152(.A)C 2.652(sal)
-5.152 G .153(ast resort, PPM \214les may be compressed using the)-2.652
F(bzip2 utility)108 684 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd read directly by)-2.5 E F1
(The GIMP)2.5 E F0(in this format.)2.5 E(The)108 708 Q F2(-ngs)2.573 E
F0 .072(option assigns all terrain to the color white, and can be used \
when it is desirable to generate a map)2.573 F(that is de)108 720 Q -.2
(vo)-.25 G(id of terrain:).2 E(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 120.785(are 16)-.1 F
(September 2007)2.5 E(8)190.115 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -b co34_d00.dat -ngs -o white_map)108 84 Q
F0 2.452(The resulting .ppm image \214le can be con)108 108 R -.15(ve)
-.4 G 2.452(rted to .png format with a transparent background using).15
F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(ImageMagick)108 120 Q F0 -.55('s)C F2(con)3.05 E
-.1(ve)-.4 G(rt).1 E F0(utility:)2.5 E F1
(convert -transparent "#FFFFFF" white_map.ppm transparent_map.png)108
144 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REGION)72 160.8 Q(AL CO)-.219 E(VERA)
-.548 E(GE AN)-.602 E(AL)-.219 E(YSIS)-1.007 E F2(SPLA)108 172.8 Q(T!)
-.95 E F0 .098(can analyze a transmitter or repeater site, or netw)2.599
F .098(ork of sites, and predict the re)-.1 F .098(gional co)-.15 F -.15
(ve)-.15 G .098(rage for).15 F .682(each site speci\214ed.)108 184.8 R
.682(In this mode,)5.682 F F2(SPLA)3.183 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .683
(can generate a topographic map displaying the geometric line-)3.183 F
.163(of-sight co)108 196.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G .163(rage area of the sites\
 based on the location of each site and the height of recei).15 F .462
-.15(ve a)-.25 H .162(ntenna wish-).15 F .331
(ing to communicate with the site in question.)108 208.8 R 2.831(Ar)
5.331 G -.15(eg)-2.831 G .331(ional analysis may be performed by).15 F
F2(SPLA)2.832 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .332(using the)2.832 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0
SF(-c)108 220.8 Q F0(switch as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1
(splat -t tx_site -c 30.0 -s cities.dat -b co34_d00.dat -o tx_coverage)
108 244.8 Q F0 .27(In this e)108 268.8 R(xample,)-.15 E F2(SPLA)2.77 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 .269(generates a topographic map called)2.769 F F4(tx_co)
2.769 E(ver)-.1 E -.1(age)-.15 G(.ppm)-.05 E F0 .269
(that illustrates the predicted)2.769 F 1.534(line-of-sight re)108 280.8
R 1.534(gional co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.534(rage of).15 F F4(tx_site)
4.034 E F0 1.535(to recei)4.034 F 1.535(ving locations ha)-.25 F 1.535
(ving antennas 30.0 feet abo)-.2 F 1.835 -.15(ve g)-.15 H(round).15 E
(le)108 292.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.162(l\().15 G -.4(AG)-3.162 G 3.162
(L\). If).4 F(the)3.162 E F4(-metric)3.162 E F0 .662
(switch is used, the ar)3.162 F .662(gument follo)-.18 F .662(wing the)
-.25 F F4(-c)3.162 E F0 .661(switch is interpreted as being in)3.161 F
.301(meters rather than in feet.)108 304.8 R .301(The contents of)5.301
F F4(cities.dat)2.802 E F0 .302
(are plotted on the map, as are the cartographic bound-)2.802 F
(aries contained in the \214le)108 316.8 Q F4(co34_d00.dat)2.5 E F0(.)A
.572(When plotting line-of-sight paths and areas of re)108 340.8 R .572
(gional co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(rage,).15 E F2(SPLA)3.072 E(T!)-.95 E
F0 .572(by def)3.072 F .572(ault does not account for)-.1 F .031(the ef)
108 352.8 R .032(fects of atmospheric bending.)-.25 F(Ho)5.032 E(we)-.25
E -.15(ve)-.25 G .832 -.4(r, t).15 H .032(his beha).4 F .032
(vior may be modi\214ed by using the Earth radius mul-)-.2 F(tiplier \()
108 364.8 Q F4(-m)A F0 2.5(\)s)C(witch:)-2.5 E F1 3.273
(splat -t wnjt-dt -c 30.0 -m 1.333 -s cities.dat -b counties.dat -o)108
388.8 R(map.ppm)108 400.8 Q F0 .594
(An earth radius multiplier of 1.333 instructs)108 424.8 R F2(SPLA)3.095
E(T!)-.95 E F0 .595(to use the "four)3.095 F .595
(-thirds earth" model for line-of-sight)-.2 F(propag)108 436.8 Q
(ation analysis.)-.05 E(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G
(ppropriate earth radius multiplier may be selected by the user)-2.5 E
(.)-.55 E .713(When performing a re)108 460.8 R .712(gional analysis,)
-.15 F F2(SPLA)3.212 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .712
(generates a site report for each station analyzed.)3.212 F F2(SPLA)
5.712 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .658(site reports contain details of the site')108
472.8 R 3.159(sg)-.55 G .659(eographic location, its height abo)-3.159 F
.959 -.15(ve m)-.15 H .659(ean sea le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .659
(l, the antenna').15 F(s)-.55 E .613(height abo)108 484.8 R .913 -.15
(ve m)-.15 H .613(ean sea le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .613(l, the antenna')
.15 F 3.112(sh)-.55 G .612(eight abo)-3.112 F .912 -.15(ve a)-.15 H -.15
(ve)-.05 G .612(rage terrain, and the height of the a).15 F -.15(ve)-.2
G .612(rage ter).15 F(-)-.2 E(rain calculated to)108 496.8 Q -.1(wa)-.25
G(rd the bearings of 0, 45, 90, 135, 180, 225, 270, and 315 de).1 E
(grees azimuth.)-.15 E F3(DETERMINING MUL)72 513.6 Q
(TIPLE REGIONS OF LOS CO)-1.007 E(VERA)-.548 E(GE)-.602 E F2(SPLA)108
525.6 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 1.086(can also display line-of-sight co)3.586 F
-.15(ve)-.15 G 1.086(rage areas for as man).15 F 3.586(ya)-.15 G 3.586
(sf)-3.586 G 1.087(our separate transmitter sites on a)-3.586 F
(common topographic map.)108 537.6 Q -.15(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)
-2.65 E F1
(splat -t site1 site2 site3 site4 -c 10.0 -metric -o network.ppm)108
561.6 Q F0 .687(plots the re)108 585.6 R .687(gional line-of-sight co)
-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .687
(rage of site1, site2, site3, and site4 based on a recei).15 F .986 -.15
(ve a)-.25 H .686(ntenna located).15 F .762(10.0 meters abo)108 597.6 R
1.062 -.15(ve g)-.15 H .762(round le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.262(l. A).15
F .763(topographic map is then written to the \214le)3.262 F F4
(network.ppm)3.263 E F0 5.763(.T)C .763(he line-of-)-5.763 F .303
(sight co)108 609.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G .303
(rage area of the transmitters are plotted as follo).15 F .302
(ws in the colors indicated \(along with their corre-)-.25 F
(sponding RGB v)108 621.6 Q(alues in decimal\):)-.25 E F1
(site1: Green \(0,255,0\))132 645.6 Q(site2: Cyan \(0,255,255\))132
657.6 Q(site3: Medium Violet \(147,112,219\))132 669.6 Q
(site4: Sienna 1 \(255,130,71\))132 681.6 Q
(site1 + site2: Yellow \(255,255,0\))132 705.6 Q
(site1 + site3: Pink \(255,192,203\))132 717.6 Q
(site1 + site4: Green Yellow \(173,255,47\))132 729.6 Q F0(KD2BD Softw)
72 768 Q 120.785(are 16)-.1 F(September 2007)2.5 E(9)190.115 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF
(site2 + site3: Orange \(255,165,0\))132 84 Q
(site2 + site4: Dark Sea Green 1 \(193,255,193\))132 96 Q
(site3 + site4: Dark Turquoise \(0,206,209\))132 108 Q
(site1 + site2 + site3: Dark Green \(0,100,0\))132 132 Q
(site1 + site2 + site4: Blanched Almond \(255,235,205\))132 144 Q
(site1 + site3 + site4: Medium Spring Green \(0,250,154\))132 156 Q
(site2 + site3 + site4: Tan \(210,180,140\))132 168 Q
(site1 + site2 + site3 + site4: Gold2 \(238,201,0\))132 192 Q F0 .246
(If separate)108 216 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(.qth)2.746 E F0 .247
(\214les are generated, each representing a common site location b)2.747
F .247(ut a dif)-.2 F .247(ferent antenna height,)-.25 F 3.536(as)108
228 S 1.036(ingle topographic map illustrating the re)-3.536 F 1.036
(gional co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.036(rage from as man).15 F 3.535(ya)
-.15 G 3.535(sf)-3.535 G 1.035(our separate locations on a)-3.535 F
(single to)108 240 Q(wer may be generated by)-.25 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0
SF(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0(.)A/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(LONGLEY)72 256.8
Q(-RICE P)-1.007 E -1.04(AT)-.81 G 2.738(HL)1.04 G(OSS AN)-2.738 E(AL)
-.219 E(YSIS)-1.007 E F0 .344(If the)108 268.8 R F2(-c)2.844 E F0 .344
(switch is replaced by a)2.844 F F2(-L)2.844 E F0 .344(switch, a Longle)
2.844 F .345(y-Rice path loss map for a transmitter site may be gen-)
-.15 F(erated:)108 280.8 Q F1
(splat -t wnjt -L 30.0 -s cities.dat -b co34_d00.dat -o path_loss_map)
108 304.8 Q F0 .591(In this mode,)108 328.8 R F3(SPLA)3.091 E(T!)-.95 E
F0 .591(generates a multi-color map illustrating e)3.091 F .591
(xpected signal le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59(ls in areas surrounding).15
F .277(the transmitter site.)108 340.8 R 2.778(Al)5.278 G -.15(eg)-2.778
G .278(end at the bottom of the map correlates each color with a speci\
\214c path loss range).15 F
(in decibels or signal strength in decibels o)108 352.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G
2.5(ro).15 G(ne micro)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.15 G(lt per meter \(dBuV/m\).).2 E
.63(The Longle)108 376.8 R .63
(y-Rice analysis range may be modi\214ed to a user)-.15 F .63
(-speci\214c v)-.2 F .63(alue using the)-.25 F F2(-R)3.13 E F0 3.13
(switch. The)3.13 F(ar)3.13 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ment must be gi)108 388.8
R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.022(ni).15 G 3.022(nm)-3.022 G .522
(iles \(or kilometers if the)-3.022 F F2(-metric)3.022 E F0 .523
(switch is used\).)3.023 F .523(If a range wider than the gener)5.523 F
(-)-.2 E .927(ated topographic map is speci\214ed,)108 400.8 R F3(SPLA)
3.426 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .926(will perform Longle)3.426 F .926
(y-Rice path loss calculations between all)-.15 F
(four corners of the area prediction map.)108 412.8 Q(The)108 436.8 Q F2
(-db)3.344 E F0 .844(switch allo)3.344 F .845
(ws a constraint to be placed on the maximum path loss re)-.25 F .845
(gion plotted on the map.)-.15 F(A)5.845 E .21(maximum path loss betwee\
n 80 and 230 dB may be speci\214ed using this switch.)108 448.8 R -.15
(Fo)5.21 G 2.71(re).15 G .21(xample, if a path loss)-2.86 F(be)108 460.8
Q .395(yond -140 dB is irrele)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .395(nt to the surv)
.25 F .695 -.15(ey b)-.15 H .395(eing conducted,).15 F F3(SPLA)2.895 E
(T!)-.95 E F0 1.495 -.55('s p)D .396
(ath loss plot can be constrained to).55 F(the re)108 472.8 Q
(gion bounded by the 140 dB attenuation contour as follo)-.15 E(ws:)-.25
E F1 3.818
(splat -t wnjt-dt -L 30.0 -s cities.dat -b co34_d00.dat -db 140 -o)108
496.8 R(plot.ppm)108 508.8 Q F4(SIGN)72 537.6 Q(AL CONT)-.219 E
(OUR COLOR DEFINITION P)-.197 E(ARAMETERS)-.81 E F0 1.165(The colors us\
ed to illustrate signal strength and path loss contours in)108 549.6 R
F3(SPLA)3.665 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.165(generated co)3.665 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
1.165(rage maps).15 F .037
(may be tailored by the user by creating or modifying)108 561.6 R F3
(SPLA)2.537 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.137 -.55('s c)D .037
(olor de\214nition \214les.).55 F F3(SPLA)5.037 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .036
(color de\214ni-)2.536 F(tion \214les ha)108 573.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
(he same base name as the transmitter').15 E(s)-.55 E F2(.qth)2.5 E F0
(\214le, b)2.5 E(ut carry)-.2 E F2(.lcf)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(.scf)2.5 E
F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(tensions.).15 E .237(When a re)108 597.6 R .237
(gional Longle)-.15 F .237
(y-Rice analysis is performed and the transmitter')-.15 F 2.737(sE)-.55
G .237(RP is not speci\214ed or is zero, a)-2.737 F F2(.lcf)108 609.6 Q
F0 .943(path loss color de\214nition \214le corresponding to the transm\
itter site \()3.443 F F2(.qth)A F0 3.443(\)i)C 3.443(sr)-3.443 G .943
(ead by)-3.443 F F3(SPLA)3.443 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .942(from the)3.443 F .377
(current w)108 621.6 R .377(orking directory)-.1 F 5.377(.I)-.65 G 2.877
(fa)-5.377 G F2(.lcf).001 E F0 .378
(\214le corresponding to the transmitter site is not found, then a def)
2.878 F .378(ault \214le)-.1 F .603
(suitable for manual editing by the user is automatically generated by)
108 633.6 R F3(SPLA)3.103 E(T!)-.95 E F0 5.603(.I)C 3.103(ft)-5.603 G
.603(he transmitter')-3.103 F 3.103(sE)-.55 G .603(RP is)-3.103 F .377(\
speci\214ed, then a signal strength map is generated and a signal stren\
gth color de\214nition \214le \()108 645.6 R F2(.scf)A F0 2.877(\)i)C
2.877(sr)-2.877 G .377(ead, or)-2.877 F(generated if one is not a)108
657.6 Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable in the current w).25 E(orking directory)-.1
E(.)-.65 E 2.5(Ap)108 681.6 S
(ath-loss color de\214nition \214le possesses the follo)-2.5 E
(wing structure \()-.25 E F2(wnjt-dt.lcf)A F0(\):)A F1 6(;S)114 705.6 S
(PLAT! Auto-generated Path-Loss Color Definition \("wnjt-dt.lcf"\) File)
-6 E(;)114 717.6 Q 6(;F)114 729.6 S
(ormat for the parameters held in this file is as follows:)-6 E F0
(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 120.785(are 16)-.1 F(September 2007)2.5 E(10)
185.115 E EP
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(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF
(;)114 84 Q 24(;d)114 96 S(B: red, green, blue)-24 E(;)114 108 Q 6(;.)
114 120 S(..where "dB" is the path loss \(in dB\) and)-6 E 6(;")114 132
S(red", "green", and "blue" are the corresponding RGB color)-6 E 6(;d)
114 144 S(efinitions ranging from 0 to 255 for the region specified.)-6
E(;)114 156 Q 6(;T)114 168 S
(he following parameters may be edited and/or expanded)-6 E 6(;f)114 180
S(or future runs of SPLAT!)-6 E 6(At)12 G(otal of 32 contour regions)-6
E 6(;m)114 192 S(ay be defined in this file.)-6 E(;)114 204 Q(;)114 216
Q(80: 255,)120 228 Q 12(0, 0)18 F(90: 255, 128,)120 240 Q(0)18 E
(100: 255, 165,)114 252 Q(0)18 E(110: 255, 206,)114 264 Q(0)18 E
(120: 255, 255,)114 276 Q(0)18 E(130: 184, 255,)114 288 Q(0)18 E 12
(140: 0,)114 300 R 12(255, 0)6 F 12(150: 0,)114 312 R 12(208, 0)6 F 12
(160: 0,)114 324 R(196, 196)6 E 12(170: 0,)114 336 R(148, 255)6 E 6
(180: 80, 80,)114 348 R(255)6 E 12(190: 0,)114 360 R(38, 255)12 E
(200: 142,)114 372 Q(63, 255)12 E(210: 196,)114 384 Q(54, 255)12 E
(220: 255,)114 396 Q(0, 255)18 E(230: 255, 194, 204)114 408 Q F0 .608(I\
f the path loss is less than 80 dB, the color Red \(RGB = 255, 0, 0\) i\
s assigned to the re)108 444 R 3.109(gion. If)-.15 F .609(the path-)
3.109 F .159(loss is greater than or equal to 80 dB, b)108 456 R .158(u\
t less than 90 db, then Dark Orange \(255, 128, 0\) is assigned to the)
-.2 F(re)108 468 Q 3.179(gion. Orange)-.15 F .679
(\(255, 165, 0\) is assigned to re)3.179 F .679(gions ha)-.15 F .68
(ving a path loss greater than or equal to 90 dB, b)-.2 F(ut)-.2 E
(less than 100 dB, and so on.)108 480 Q(Gre)5 E
(yscale terrain is displayed be)-.15 E
(yond the 230 dB path loss contour)-.15 E(.)-.55 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
(SPLA)108 504 Q(T!)-.95 E F0
(signal strength color de\214nition \214les share a v)2.5 E
(ery similar structure \()-.15 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wnjt-dt.scf)A
F0(\):)A F1 6(;S)114 528 S
(PLAT! Auto-generated Signal Color Definition \("wnjt-dt.scf"\) File)-6
E(;)114 540 Q 6(;F)114 552 S
(ormat for the parameters held in this file is as follows:)-6 E(;)114
564 Q 24(;d)114 576 S(BuV/m: red, green, blue)-24 E(;)114 588 Q 6(;.)114
600 S(..where "dBuV/m" is the signal strength \(in dBuV/m\) and)-6 E 6
(;")114 612 S(red", "green", and "blue" are the corresponding RGB color)
-6 E 6(;d)114 624 S
(efinitions ranging from 0 to 255 for the region specified.)-6 E(;)114
636 Q 6(;T)114 648 S
(he following parameters may be edited and/or expanded)-6 E 6(;f)114 660
S(or future runs of SPLAT!)-6 E 6(At)12 G(otal of 32 contour regions)-6
E 6(;m)114 672 S(ay be defined in this file.)-6 E(;)114 684 Q(;)114 696
Q(128: 255,)114 708 Q 12(0, 0)18 F(118: 255, 165,)114 720 Q(0)18 E F0
(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 120.785(are 16)-.1 F(September 2007)2.5 E(11)
185.115 E EP
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(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF
(108: 255, 206,)114 84 Q(0)18 E(98: 255, 255,)120 96 Q(0)18 E
(88: 184, 255,)120 108 Q(0)18 E 12(78: 0,)120 120 R 12(255, 0)6 F 12
(68: 0,)120 132 R 12(208, 0)6 F 12(58: 0,)120 144 R(196, 196)6 E 12
(48: 0,)120 156 R(148, 255)6 E 6(38: 80, 80,)120 168 R(255)6 E 12
(28: 0,)120 180 R(38, 255)12 E(18: 142,)120 192 Q(63, 255)12 E(8: 140,)
126 204 Q(0, 128)18 E F0 .178
(If the signal strength is greater than or equal to 128 db o)108 240 R
-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.677(r1m).15 G(icro)-2.677 E -.2(vo)-.15 G .177
(lt per meter \(dBuV/m\), the color Red).2 F .071
(\(255, 0, 0\) is displayed for the re)108 252 R 2.571(gion. If)-.15 F
.071(the signal strength is greater than or equal to 118 db)2.571 F .071
(uV/m, b)-.2 F .071(ut less)-.2 F 1.122(than 128 db)108 264 R 1.122
(uV/m, then the color Orange \(255, 165, 0\) is displayed, and so on.)
-.2 F(Gre)6.121 E 1.121(yscale terrain is dis-)-.15 F(played for re)108
276 Q(gions with signal strengths less than 8 dBuV/m.)-.15 E .163(Signa\
l strength contours for some common VHF and UHF broadcasting services i\
n the United States are as)108 300 R(follo)108 312 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1
(Analog Television Broadcasting)150 336 Q
(------------------------------)150 348 Q(Channels 2-6:)150 360 Q
(City Grade: >= 74 dBuV/m)42 E(Grade A: >= 68 dBuV/m)288 372 Q
(Grade B: >= 47 dBuV/m)288 384 Q
(--------------------------------------------)150 396 Q(Channels 7-13:)
150 408 Q(City Grade: >= 77 dBuV/m)36 E(Grade A: >= 71 dBuV/m)288 420 Q
(Grade B: >= 56 dBuV/m)288 432 Q
(--------------------------------------------)150 444 Q(Channels 14-69:)
150 456 Q(Indoor Grade: >= 94 dBuV/m)18 E(City Grade: >= 80 dBuV/m)270
468 Q(Grade A: >= 74 dBuV/m)288 480 Q(Grade B: >= 64 dBuV/m)288 492 Q
(Digital Television Broadcasting)150 516 Q
(-------------------------------)150 528 Q(Channels 2-6:)150 540 Q
(City Grade: >= 35 dBuV/m)42 E(Service Threshold: >= 28 dBuV/m)228 552 Q
(--------------------------------------------)150 564 Q(Channels 7-13:)
150 576 Q(City Grade: >= 43 dBuV/m)36 E(Service Threshold: >= 36 dBuV/m)
228 588 Q(--------------------------------------------)150 600 Q
(Channels 14-69:)150 612 Q(City Grade: >= 48 dBuV/m)30 E
(Service Threshold: >= 41 dBuV/m)228 624 Q
(NOAA Weather Radio \(162.400 - 162.550 MHz\))150 648 Q
(------------------------------------------)150 660 Q
(Reliable: >= 18 dBuV/m)216 672 Q(Not reliable: <)192 684 Q(18 dBuV/m)12
E(Unlikely to receive: <)150 696 Q 6(0d)12 G(BuV/m)-6 E
(FM Radio Broadcasting \(88.1 - 107.9 MHz\))150 720 Q F0(KD2BD Softw)72
768 Q 120.785(are 16)-.1 F(September 2007)2.5 E(12)185.115 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF
(----------------------------------------)150 84 Q
(Analog Service Contour:)150 96 Q(60 dBuV/m)12 E
(Digital Service Contour: 65 dBuV/m)150 108 Q/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF
(ANTENN)72 148.8 Q 2.738(AR)-.219 G(ADIA)-2.738 E(TION P)-1.04 E -1.04
(AT)-.81 G(TERN P)1.04 E(ARAMETERS)-.81 E F0 .977(Normalized \214eld v)
108 160.8 R .977(oltage patterns for a transmitting antenna')-.2 F 3.477
(sh)-.55 G .977(orizontal and v)-3.477 F .977
(ertical planes are imported)-.15 F .587(automatically into)108 172.8 R
/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)3.087 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .587(when a Longle)
3.087 F .588(y-Rice co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .588
(rage analysis is performed.).15 F .588(Antenna pattern data is)5.588 F
.805(read from a pair of \214les ha)108 184.8 R .805
(ving the same base name as the transmitter and LRP \214les, b)-.2 F
.804(ut with)-.2 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(.az)3.304 E F0(and)3.304 E F4
(.el)3.304 E F0 -.15(ex)108 196.8 S .307(tensions for azimuth and ele)
.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .307(tion pattern \214les, respecti).25 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.308(.S)-.65 G .308(peci\214cations re)-5.308 F -.05
(ga)-.15 G .308(rding pattern rotation \(if).05 F(an)108 208.8 Q .451
(y\) and mechanical beam tilt and tilt direction \(if an)-.15 F .45
(y\) are also contained within)-.15 F F3(SPLA)2.95 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .45
(antenna pattern)2.95 F(\214les.)108 220.8 Q -.15(Fo)108 244.8 S 2.5(re)
.15 G(xample, the \214rst fe)-2.65 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ines of a)-2.5 E F3
(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0(azimuth pattern \214le might appear as follo)
2.5 E(ws \()-.25 E F4(kvea.az)A F0(\):)A F1(183.0)156 268.8 Q 42(00)156
280.8 S(.8950590)-42 E 42(10)156 292.8 S(.8966406)-42 E 42(20)156 304.8
S(.8981447)-42 E 42(30)156 316.8 S(.8995795)-42 E 42(40)156 328.8 S
(.9009535)-42 E 42(50)156 340.8 S(.9022749)-42 E 42(60)156 352.8 S
(.9035517)-42 E 42(70)156 364.8 S(.9047923)-42 E 42(80)156 376.8 S
(.9060051)-42 E F0 1.777(The \214rst line of the)108 400.8 R F4(.az)
4.277 E F0 1.778(\214le speci\214es the amount of azimuthal pattern rot\
ation \(measured clockwise in)4.277 F(de)108 412.8 Q .063(grees from T)
-.15 F .063(rue North\) to be applied by)-.35 F F3(SPLA)2.563 E(T!)-.95
E F0 .062(to the data contained in the)2.563 F F4(.az)2.562 E F0 2.562
(\214le. This)2.562 F .062(is follo)2.562 F .062(wed by)-.25 F .87
(azimuth headings \(0 to 360 de)108 424.8 R .871(grees\) and their asso\
ciated normalized \214eld patterns \(0.000 to 1.000\) sepa-)-.15 F
(rated by whitespace.)108 436.8 Q .069(The structure of)108 460.8 R F3
(SPLA)2.569 E(T!)-.95 E F0(ele)2.569 E -.25(va)-.25 G .069
(tion pattern \214les is slightly dif).25 F 2.569(ferent. The)-.25 F
.069(\214rst line of the)2.569 F F4(.el)2.569 E F0 .068
(\214le speci\214es the)2.569 F .891
(amount of mechanical beam tilt applied to the antenna.)108 472.8 R .892
(Note that a)5.892 F F4(downwar)3.392 E 3.392(dt)-.37 G(ilt)-3.392 E F0
(\(belo)3.392 E 3.392(wt)-.25 G .892(he horizon\) is)-3.392 F -.15(ex)
108 484.8 S 1.102(pressed as a).15 F F4 1.101(positive angle)3.602 F F0
3.601(,w)C 1.101(hile an)-3.601 F F4(upwar)3.601 E 3.601(dt)-.37 G(ilt)
-3.601 E F0(\(abo)3.601 E 1.401 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.101
(he horizon\) is e).15 F 1.101(xpressed as a)-.15 F F4(ne)3.601 E 1.101
(gative angle)-.4 F F0(.)A(This data is follo)108 496.8 Q
(wed by the azimuthal direction of the tilt, separated by whitespace.)
-.25 E .436(The remainder of the \214le consists of ele)108 520.8 R -.25
(va)-.25 G .437(tion angles and their corresponding normalized v).25 F
.437(oltage radiation)-.2 F .248(pattern \(0.000 to 1.000\) v)108 532.8
R .248(alues separated by whitespace.)-.25 F(Ele)5.248 E -.25(va)-.25 G
.247(tion angles must be speci\214ed o).25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.747(ra-)
.15 G .247(10.0 to)-2.747 F .13(+90.0 de)108 544.8 R .13(gree range.)
-.15 F .13(As w)5.13 F .13(as the con)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .131
(ntion with mechanical beamtilt,).15 F F4(ne)2.631 E .131(gative ele)-.4
F .131(vation angles)-.15 F F0 .131(are used to)2.631 F(represent ele)
108 556.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(tions).25 E F4(abo)2.5 E(ve the horizon)-.1 E
F0 2.5(,w)C(hile)-2.5 E F4(positive angles)2.5 E F0(represents ele)2.5 E
-.25(va)-.25 G(tions).25 E F4(below the horizon)2.5 E F0(.)A -.15(Fo)108
580.8 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the \214rst fe)-2.65 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G
(ines a)-2.5 E F3(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0(ele)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G
(tion pattern \214le might appear as follo).25 E(ws \()-.25 E F4
(kvea.el)A F0(\):)A F1 18(1.1 130.0)156 604.8 R 12(-10.0 0.172)150 616.8
R 18(-9.5 0.109)150 628.8 R 18(-9.0 0.115)150 640.8 R 18(-8.5 0.155)150
652.8 R 18(-8.0 0.157)150 664.8 R 18(-7.5 0.104)150 676.8 R 18
(-7.0 0.029)150 688.8 R 18(-6.5 0.109)150 700.8 R 18(-6.0 0.185)150
712.8 R F0(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 120.785(are 16)-.1 F(September 2007)2.5
E(13)185.115 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E 1.538(In this e)108
84 R 1.538(xample, the antenna is mechanically tilted do)-.15 F(wnw)-.25
E 1.538(ard 1.1 de)-.1 F 1.538(grees to)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.25 G 1.538
(rds an azimuth of 130.0).1 F(de)108 96 Q(grees.)-.15 E -.15(Fo)108 120
S 3.446(rb).15 G .946(est results, the resolution of azimuth pattern da\
ta should be speci\214ed to the nearest de)-3.446 F .947(gree azimuth,)
-.15 F 1.3(and ele)108 132 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.299(tion pattern data res\
olution should be speci\214ed to the nearest 0.01 de).25 F 3.799
(grees. If)-.15 F 1.299(the pattern data)3.799 F .549
(speci\214ed does not reach this le)108 144 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.049(lo)
.15 G 3.049(fr)-3.049 G(esolution,)-3.049 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)
3.049 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .55(will interpolate the v)3.049 F .55(alues pro)
-.25 F .55(vided to determine)-.15 F(the data at the required resolutio\
n, although this may result in a loss in accurac)108 156 Q -.65(y.)-.15
G/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(IMPOR)72 184.8 Q(TING AND EXPOR)-.438 E
(TING REGION)-.438 E(AL P)-.219 E -1.04(AT)-.81 G 2.738(HL)1.04 G
(OSS CONT)-2.738 E(OUR D)-.197 E -1.644 -1.04(AT A)-.383 H F0 .254
(Performing a Longle)108 196.8 R .254(y-Rice co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
.254(rage analysis can be a v).15 F .254
(ery time consuming process, especially if the anal-)-.15 F .935
(ysis is repeated repeatedly to disco)108 208.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.435
(rw).15 G .936(hat ef)-3.435 F .936
(fects changes to the antenna radiation patterns mak)-.25 F 3.436(et)-.1
G 3.436(ot)-3.436 G(he)-3.436 E(predicted co)108 220.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G
(rage area.).15 E .722(This process can be e)108 244.8 R .722
(xpedited by e)-.15 F .722(xporting the Longle)-.15 F .722(y-Rice re)
-.15 F .722(gional path loss contour data to an output)-.15 F .775
(\214le, modifying the path loss data e)108 256.8 R .775
(xternally to incorporate antenna pattern ef)-.15 F .776
(fects, and then importing the)-.25 F
(modi\214ed path loss data back into)108 268.8 Q F1(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E
F0(to rapidly produce a re)5 E(vised path loss map.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108
292.8 S 3.254(re).15 G .753
(xample, a path loss output \214le can be generated by)-3.404 F F1(SPLA)
3.253 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .753(for a recei)5.753 F 1.053 -.15(ve s)-.25 H
.753(ite 30 feet abo).15 F 1.053 -.15(ve g)-.15 H(round).15 E(le)108
304.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.997(lo).15 G -.15(ve)-3.147 G 2.997(ra5).15 G
2.997(0m)-2.997 G .498(ile radius surrounding a transmitter site to a m\
aximum path loss of 140 dB using the fol-)-2.997 F(lo)108 316.8 Q
(wing syntax:)-.25 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF
(splat -t kvea -L 30.0 -R 50.0 -db 140 -plo pathloss.dat)108 340.8 Q F1
(SPLA)108 364.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .045(path loss output \214les often e)
2.545 F .044(xceed 100 me)-.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .044(bytes in size.).05
F(The)5.044 E 2.544(yc)-.15 G .044(ontain information relating to the)
-2.544 F 2.58(boundaries of re)108 376.8 R 2.58(gion the)-.15 F 5.08(yd)
-.15 G 2.58(escribe follo)-5.08 F 2.58(wed by latitudes \(de)-.25 F 2.58
(grees North\), longitudes \(de)-.15 F 2.58(grees W)-.15 F(est\),)-.8 E
.656(azimuths, ele)108 388.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G .656(tions \(to the \214r\
st obstruction\), and path loss \214gures \(dB\) for a series of speci\
\214c points that).25 F .541(comprise the re)108 400.8 R .541
(gion surrounding the transmitter site.)-.15 F .542(The \214rst fe)5.542
F 3.042(wl)-.25 G .542(ines of a)-3.042 F F1(SPLA)3.042 E(T!)-.95 E F0
.542(path loss output \214le)3.042 F(tak)108 412.8 Q 2.5(eo)-.1 G 2.5
(nt)-2.5 G(he follo)-2.5 E(wing appearance \()-.25 E/F4 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(pathloss.dat)A F0(\):)A F3(119, 117)156 436.8 Q 6(;m)
24 G(ax_west, min_west)-6 E(35, 33)156 448.8 Q 6(;m)36 G
(ax_north, min_north)-6 E
(34.2265434, 118.0631104, 48.171, -37.461, 67.70)156 460.8 Q
(34.2270355, 118.0624390, 48.262, -26.212, 73.72)156 472.8 Q
(34.2280197, 118.0611038, 48.269, -14.951, 79.74)156 484.8 Q
(34.2285156, 118.0604401, 48.207, -11.351, 81.68)156 496.8 Q
(34.2290077, 118.0597687, 48.240, -10.518, 83.26)156 508.8 Q
(34.2294998, 118.0591049, 48.225, 23.201, 84.60)156 520.8 Q
(34.2304878, 118.0577698, 48.213, 15.769, 137.84)156 532.8 Q
(34.2309799, 118.0570984, 48.234, 15.965, 151.54)156 544.8 Q
(34.2314720, 118.0564346, 48.224, 16.520, 149.45)156 556.8 Q
(34.2319679, 118.0557632, 48.223, 15.588, 151.61)156 568.8 Q
(34.2329521, 118.0544281, 48.230, 13.889, 135.45)156 580.8 Q
(34.2334442, 118.0537643, 48.223, 11.693, 137.37)156 592.8 Q
(34.2339401, 118.0530930, 48.222, 14.050, 126.32)156 604.8 Q
(34.2344322, 118.0524292, 48.216, 16.274, 156.28)156 616.8 Q
(34.2354164, 118.0510941, 48.222, 15.058, 152.65)156 628.8 Q
(34.2359123, 118.0504227, 48.221, 16.215, 158.57)156 640.8 Q
(34.2364044, 118.0497589, 48.216, 15.024, 157.30)156 652.8 Q
(34.2368965, 118.0490875, 48.225, 17.184, 156.36)156 664.8 Q F0 .135
(It is not uncommon for)108 688.8 R F1(SPLA)2.635 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .135
(path loss \214les to contain as man)2.635 F 2.635(ya)-.15 G 2.635(s3m)
-2.635 G .134(illion or more lines of data.)-2.635 F(Com-)5.134 E 1.164
(ments can be placed in the \214le if the)108 700.8 R 3.664(ya)-.15 G
1.164(re proceeded by a semicolon character)-3.664 F 6.164(.T)-.55 G(he)
-6.164 E F1(vim)3.665 E F0(te)3.665 E 1.165(xt editor has)-.15 F(pro)108
712.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(nc).15 G
(apable of editing \214les of this size.)-2.5 E(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q
120.785(are 16)-.1 F(September 2007)2.5 E(14)185.115 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E .808(Note as w)108
84 R .807(as the case in the antenna pattern \214les, ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)
-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.107 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(le).15 E -.25(va)-.25 G .807
(tion angles refer to upw).25 F .807(ard tilt \(abo)-.1 F 1.107 -.15
(ve t)-.15 H(he).15 E .94(horizon\), while positi)108 96 R 1.24 -.15
(ve a)-.25 H .94(ngles refer to do).15 F(wnw)-.25 E .94(ard tilt \(belo)
-.1 F 3.44(wt)-.25 G .94(he horizon\).)-3.44 F .94
(These angles refer to the ele-)5.94 F -.25(va)108 108 S 1.076
(tion to the recei).25 F 1.076(ving antenna at the height abo)-.25 F
1.376 -.15(ve g)-.15 H 1.076(round le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.575(ls).15
G 1.075(peci\214ed using the)-3.575 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(-L)3.575 E
F0(switch)3.575 E F1(if)3.575 E F0 1.075(the path)3.575 F 2.35
(between transmitter and recei)108 120 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.85(ri).15 G
4.85(su)-4.85 G 4.85(nobstructed. If)-4.85 F 2.35
(the path between the transmitter and recei)4.85 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.85
(ri).15 G(s)-4.85 E .01(obstructed, then the ele)108 132 R -.25(va)-.25
G .01(tion angle to the \214rst obstruction is returned by).25 F/F2 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)2.509 E(T!)-.95 E F0 5.009(.T)C .009
(his is because the Lon-)-5.009 F(gle)108 144 Q .261
(y-Rice model considers the ener)-.15 F .262
(gy reaching a distant point o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.762(ra).15 G
2.762(no)-2.762 G .262(bstructed path as a deri)-2.762 F -.25(va)-.25 G
(ti).25 E .562 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 2.762(ft).15 G(he)-2.762 E(ener)108 156
Q .489(gy scattered from the top of the \214rst obstruction, only)-.18 F
5.489(.S)-.65 G .489(ince ener)-5.489 F .488
(gy cannot reach the obstructed loca-)-.18 F(tion directly)108 168 Q 2.5
(,t)-.65 G(he actual ele)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G
(tion angle to that point is irrele).25 E -.25(va)-.25 G(nt.).25 E 1.141
(When modifying)108 192 R F2(SPLA)3.641 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.141
(path loss \214les to re\215ect antenna pattern data,)3.641 F F1 1.142
(only the last column \(path loss\))3.641 F F0 .233
(should be amended to re\215ect the antenna')108 204 R 2.733(sn)-.55 G
.233(ormalized g)-2.733 F .233(ain at the azimuth and ele)-.05 F -.25
(va)-.25 G .233(tion angles speci\214ed in).25 F .395(the \214le.)108
216 R .395(\(At this time, programs and scripts capable of performing t\
his operation are left as an e)5.395 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .395(rcise for).15
F(the user)108 228 Q(.\))-.55 E
(Modi\214ed path loss maps can be imported back into)108 252 Q F2(SPLA)
2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0(for generating re)2.5 E(vised co)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15
G(rage maps:).15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF
(splat -t kvea -pli pathloss.dat -s city.dat -b county.dat -o map.ppm)
108 276 Q F2(SPLA)108 300 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .006
(path loss \214les can also be used for conducting co)2.507 F -.15(ve)
-.15 G .006(rage or interference studies outside of).15 F F2(SPLA)2.506
E(T!)-.95 E F0(.)A/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF
(USER-DEFINED TERRAIN INPUT FILES)72 316.8 Q F0 3.541(Au)108 328.8 S
(ser)-3.541 E 1.041(-de\214ned terrain \214le is a user)-.2 F 1.041
(-generated te)-.2 F 1.042
(xt \214le containing latitudes, longitudes, and heights abo)-.15 F -.15
(ve)-.15 G 1.073(ground le)108 340.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.573(lo).15 G
3.573(fs)-3.573 G 1.073(peci\214c terrain features belie)-3.573 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.573(dt).15 G 3.573(ob)-3.573 G 3.572(eo)-3.573 G 3.572(fi)
-3.572 G 1.072(mportance to the)-3.572 F F2(SPLA)3.572 E(T!)-.95 E F0
1.072(analysis being con-)3.572 F .601(ducted, b)108 352.8 R .601
(ut noticeably absent from the SDF \214les being used.)-.2 F 3.101(Au)
5.601 G(ser)-3.101 E .601(-de\214ned terrain \214le is imported into a)
-.2 F F2(SPLA)108 364.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0(analysis using the)2.5 E F1(-udt)
2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F3
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -udt udt_file.txt -o map.ppm)114 388.8 Q F0
2.5(Au)108 412.8 S(ser)-2.5 E(-de\214ned terrain \214le has the follo)
-.2 E(wing appearance and structure:)-.25 E F3
(40.32180556, 74.1325, 100.0 meters)150 436.8 Q
(40.321805, 74.1315, 300.0)150 448.8 Q
(40.3218055, 74.1305, 100.0 meters)150 460.8 Q F0 -.7(Te)108 484.8 S
1.42(rrain height is interpreted as being described in feet abo).7 F
1.72 -.15(ve g)-.15 H 1.42(round le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.92(lu).15 G
1.42(nless follo)-3.92 F 1.42(wed by the w)-.25 F(ord)-.1 E F1(meter)108
496.8 Q(s)-.1 E F0 3.328(,a)C .829(nd is added)-3.328 F F1 .829
(on top of)3.329 F F0 .829
(the terrain speci\214ed in the SDF data for the locations speci\214ed.)
3.329 F .829(Be a)5.829 F -.1(wa)-.15 G(re).1 E 1.061(that each user)108
508.8 R 1.061(-de\214ned terrain feature speci\214ed will be interprete\
d as being 3-arc seconds in both latitude)-.2 F .281(and longitude.)108
520.8 R .281(Features described in the user)5.281 F .281
(-de\214ned terrain \214le that o)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .282(rlap pre).15
F .282(viously de\214ned features in)-.25 F(the \214le are ignored by)
108 532.8 Q F2(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0(.)A F4(SIMPLE T)72 549.6 Q
(OPOGRAPHIC MAP GENERA)-.197 E(TION)-1.04 E F0 .034(In certain situatio\
ns it may be desirable to generate a topographic map of a re)108 561.6 R
.034(gion without plotting co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(rage).15 E .969
(areas, line-of-sight paths, or generating obstruction reports.)108
573.6 R .969(There are se)5.969 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .969(ral w).15 F .97
(ays of doing this.)-.1 F .97(If one)5.97 F .162(wishes to generate a t\
opographic map illustrating the location of a transmitter and recei)108
585.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.661(rs).15 G .161(ite along with a)-2.661 F
.138(brief te)108 597.6 R .139(xt report describing the locations and d\
istances between the sites, the)-.15 F F1(-n)2.639 E F0 .139
(switch should be in)2.639 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.639(da).1 G(s)
-2.639 E(follo)108 609.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F3
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -n -o topo_map.ppm)108 633.6 Q F0(If no te)
108 657.6 Q(xt report is desired, then the)-.15 E F1(-N)2.5 E F0
(switch is used:)2.5 E F3
(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -N -o topo_map.ppm)108 681.6 Q F0 .994(If \
a topographic map centered about a single site out to a minimum speci\
\214ed radius is desired instead, a)108 705.6 R
(command similar to the follo)108 717.6 Q(wing can be used:)-.25 E
(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 120.785(are 16)-.1 F(September 2007)2.5 E(15)
185.115 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF
(splat -t tx_site -R 50.0 -s NJ_Cities -b NJ_Counties -o topo_map.ppm)
108 84 Q F0 .962(where -R speci\214es the minimum radius of the map in \
miles \(or kilometers if the)108 108 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(-metric)
3.463 E F0 .963(switch is used\).)3.463 F .492
(Note that the tx_site name and location are not displayed in this e)108
120 R 2.991(xample. If)-.15 F .491(display of this information is)2.991
F .057(desired, simply create a)108 132 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)
2.557 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .057(city \214le \()2.557 F F2(-s)A F0 .057
(option\) and append it to the list of command-line options illus-)2.557
F(trated abo)108 144 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E .592(If the)108 168 R F2
(-o)3.092 E F0 .592(switch and output \214lename are omitted in these o\
perations, topographic output is written to a \214le)3.092 F(named)108
180 Q F2(tx_site)2.5 E(.ppm)-.15 E F0(in the current w)2.5 E
(orking directory by def)-.1 E(ault.)-.1 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF
(GEOREFERENCE FILE GENERA)72 196.8 Q(TION)-1.04 E F0 -.8(To)108 208.8 S
.849(pographic, co).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .849(rage \().15 F F2(-c)A F0
.849(\), and path loss contour \()B F2(-L)A F0 3.349(\)m)C .849
(aps generated by)-3.349 F F3(SPLA)3.35 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .85
(may be imported into)3.35 F F3(Xastir)108 220.8 Q F0 .176
(\(X Amateur Station T)2.676 F .175
(racking and Information Reporting\) softw)-.35 F .175
(are by generating a georeference \214le)-.1 F(using)108 232.8 Q F3
(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0 -.55('s)C F2(-g)3.05 E(eo)-.1 E F0(switch:)2.5
E F1(splat -t kd2bd -R 50.0 -s NJ_Cities -b NJ_Counties -geo -o map.ppm)
108 256.8 Q F0 1.515(The georeference \214le generated will ha)108 280.8
R 1.815 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.516(he same base name as the).15 F F2(-o)4.016
E F0 1.516(\214le speci\214ed, b)4.016 F 1.516(ut ha)-.2 F 1.816 -.15
(ve a)-.2 H F2(.g)6.666 E(eo)-.1 E F0 -.15(ex)108 292.8 S
(tension, and permit proper interpretation and display of).15 E F3(SPLA)
2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.1 -.55('s .)D(ppm graphics in).55 E F3(Xastir)2.5 E
F0(softw)2.5 E(are.)-.1 E F4(GOOGLE MAP KML FILE GENERA)72 309.6 Q(TION)
-1.04 E F0 -2.15 -.25(Ke y)108 321.6 T .775
(hole Markup Language \214les compatible with).25 F F3 .774
(Google Earth)3.274 F F0 .774(may be generated by)3.274 F F3(SPLA)3.274
E(T!)-.95 E F0 .774(when per)3.274 F(-)-.2 E
(forming point-to-point or re)108 333.6 Q(gional co)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15
G(rage analyses by in).15 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(king the).2 E F2(-kml)2.5 E F0
(switch:)2.5 E F1(splat -t wnjt-dt -r kd2bd -kml)108 357.6 Q F0 .233
(The KML \214le generated will ha)108 381.6 R .533 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .233
(he same \214lename structure as a P).15 F .233
(ath Analysis Report for the transmitter)-.15 F(and recei)108 393.6 Q
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rs).15 G(ite names gi)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(n, e).15
E(xcept it will carry a)-.15 E F2(.kml)5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(tension.).15
E 1.619(Once loaded into)108 417.6 R F3 1.619(Google Earth)4.119 F F0
1.618(\(File --> Open\), the KML \214le will annotate the map display w\
ith the)4.118 F .567(names of the transmitter and recei)108 429.6 R -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.067(rs).15 G .568(ite locations.)-3.067 F .568(The vie)
5.568 F .568(wpoint of the image will be from the position)-.25 F 1.317
(of the transmitter site looking to)108 441.6 R -.1(wa)-.25 G 1.317
(rds the location of the recei).1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.916 -.55(r. T).15 H
1.316(he point-to-point path between the).55 F .792(sites will be displ\
ayed as a white line while the RF line-of-sight path will be displayed \
in green.)108 453.6 R F3(Google)5.792 E(Earth)108 465.6 Q F0 1.844 -.55
('s n)D -.2(av).55 G(ig).2 E .744(ation tools allo)-.05 F 3.243(wt)-.25
G .743(he user to "\215y" around the path, identify landmarks, roads, a\
nd other fea-)-3.243 F(tured content.)108 477.6 Q .786
(When performing re)108 501.6 R .786(gional co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
.786(rage analysis, the).15 F F2(.kml)5.787 E F0 .787
(\214le generated by)3.287 F F3(SPLA)3.287 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .787
(will permit path loss or)3.287 F .267
(signal strength contours to be layered on top of)108 513.6 R F3 .267
(Google Earth)2.767 F F0 1.367 -.55('s d)D .267
(isplay in a semi-transparent manner).55 F 5.266(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.266 E
(generated)108 525.6 Q F2(.kml)2.5 E F0(\214le will ha)2.5 E .3 -.15
(ve t)-.2 H(he same basename as that of the).15 E F2(.ppm)2.5 E F0
(\214le normally generated.)2.5 E F4(DETERMIN)72 542.4 Q -1.04(AT)-.219
G(ION OF ANTENN)1.04 E 2.738(AH)-.219 G(EIGHT ABO)-2.738 E(VE A)-.548 E
(VERA)-1.588 E(GE TERRAIN)-.602 E F3(SPLA)108 554.4 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .947
(determines antenna height abo)3.447 F 1.248 -.15(ve a)-.15 H -.15(ve)
-.05 G .948(rage terrain \(HAA).15 F .948
(T\) according to the procedure de\214ned by)-1.11 F .167
(Federal Communications Commission P)108 566.4 R .167(art 73.313\(d\).)
-.15 F .166(According to this de\214nition, terrain ele)5.166 F -.25(va)
-.25 G .166(tions along).25 F .794(eight radials between 2 and 10 miles\
 \(3 and 16 kilometers\) from the site being analyzed are sampled and)
108 578.4 R -2.25 -.2(av e)108 590.4 T .614(raged for each 45 de).2 F
.613(grees of azimuth starting with T)-.15 F .613(rue North.)-.35 F .613
(If one or more radials lie entirely o)5.613 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E
-.1(wa)108 602.4 S .534(ter or o).1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.034(rl).15 G .535
(and outside the United States \(areas for which no USGS topograph)
-3.034 F 3.035(yd)-.05 G .535(ata is a)-3.035 F -.25(va)-.2 G .535
(ilable\), then).25 F
(those radials are omitted from the calculation of a)108 614.4 Q -.15
(ve)-.2 G(rage terrain.).15 E .918(Note that SR)108 638.4 R .918(TM ele)
-.6 F -.25(va)-.25 G .918(tion data, unlik).25 F 3.418(eo)-.1 G .917
(lder 3-arc second USGS data, e)-3.418 F .917(xtends be)-.15 F .917
(yond the borders of the)-.15 F .866(United States.)108 650.4 R .867
(Therefore, HAA)5.866 F 3.367(Tr)-1.11 G .867
(esults may not be in full compliance with FCC P)-3.367 F .867
(art 73.313\(d\) in areas)-.15 F
(along the borders of the United States if the SDF \214les used by)108
662.4 Q F3(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0(are SR)2.5 E(TM-deri)-.6 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G(d.).15 E .162(When performing point-to-point terrain analysis,)
108 686.4 R F3(SPLA)2.662 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .162
(determines the antenna height abo)2.662 F .461 -.15(ve a)-.15 H -.15
(ve)-.05 G .161(rage ter).15 F(-)-.2 E .407(rain only if enough topogra\
phic data has already been loaded by the program to perform the point-t\
o-point)108 698.4 R 3.712(analysis. In)108 710.4 R 1.211(most cases, th\
is will be true, unless the site in question does not lie within 10 mil\
es of the)3.712 F(boundary of the topograph)108 722.4 Q 2.5(yd)-.05 G
(ata in memory)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 120.785(are 16)-.1 F
(September 2007)2.5 E(16)185.115 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F
(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E .491
(When performing area prediction analysis, enough topograph)108 84 R
2.991(yd)-.05 G .492(ata is normally loaded by)-2.991 F/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)2.992 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .492(to per)2.992 F(-)-.2 E
.807(form a)108 96 R -.15(ve)-.2 G .807(rage terrain calculations.).15 F
.807(Under such conditions,)5.807 F F1(SPLA)3.307 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .807
(will pro)3.307 F .807(vide the antenna height abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
-2.25 -.2(av e)108 108 T .203(rage terrain as well as the a).2 F -.15
(ve)-.2 G .203(rage terrain abo).15 F .503 -.15(ve m)-.15 H .203
(ean sea le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.704(lf).15 G .204
(or azimuths of 0, 45, 90, 135, 180, 225,)-2.704 F .162(270, and 315 de)
108 120 R .162
(grees, and include such information in the generated site report.)-.15
F .161(If one or more of the eight)5.161 F 1.004(radials surv)108 132 R
-.15(ey)-.15 G 1.004(ed f).15 F 1.004(all o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.504
(rw).15 G(ater)-3.604 E 3.504(,o)-.4 G 3.504(ro)-3.504 G -.15(ve)-3.654
G 3.504(rr).15 G -.15(eg)-3.504 G 1.004(ions for which no SDF data is a)
.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable,).25 E F1(SPLA)3.504 E(T!)-.95 E F0(reports)
3.505 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(No)3.505 E -.92(Te)108 144 S(rr).92 E
(ain)-.15 E F0(for the radial paths af)2.5 E(fected.)-.25 E/F3 10.95
/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTING THE MAXIMUM SIZE OF AN AN)72 160.8 Q(AL)
-.219 E(YSIS REGION)-1.007 E F1(SPLA)108 172.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 1.004(rea\
ds SDF \214les as needed into a series of memory "pages" within the str\
ucture of the program.)3.505 F .121
(Each "page" holds one SDF \214le representing a one de)108 184.8 R .121
(gree by one de)-.15 F .121(gree re)-.15 F .121(gion of terrain.)-.15 F
(A)5.121 E F2 .122(#de\214ne MAX-)2.622 F -1.05 -.9(PA G)108 196.8 T(ES)
.9 E F0 .774(statement in the \214rst se)3.274 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .774
(ral lines of).15 F F2(splat.cpp)3.274 E F0 .774
(sets the maximum number of "pages" a)3.274 F -.25(va)-.2 G .773
(ilable for).25 F 1.054(holding topograph)108 208.8 R 3.554(yd)-.05 G
3.554(ata. It)-3.554 F 1.055
(also sets the maximum size of the topographic maps generated by)3.554 F
F1(SPLA)3.555 E(T!)-.95 E F0(.)A(MAXP)108 220.8 Q -.4(AG)-.92 G .231
(ES is set to 9 by def).4 F 2.731(ault. If)-.1 F F1(SPLA)2.731 E(T!)-.95
E F0 .231(produces a se)5.231 F .23(gmentation f)-.15 F .23
(ault on start-up with this def)-.1 F(ault,)-.1 E .91
(it is an indication that not enough RAM and/or virtual memory \(sw)108
232.8 R .911(ap space\) is a)-.1 F -.25(va)-.2 G .911(ilable to run).25
F F1(SPLA)3.411 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.49(with the number of MAXP)108 244.8 R
-.4(AG)-.92 G 1.489(ES speci\214ed.).4 F 1.489(In situations where a)
6.489 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.489(ilable memory is lo).25 F 2.789 -.65(w, M)
-.25 H(AXP).65 E -.4(AG)-.92 G(ES).4 E .689(may be reduced to 4 with th\
e understanding that this will greatly limit the maximum re)108 256.8 R
(gion)-.15 E F1(SPLA)3.19 E(T!)-.95 E F0(will)3.19 E .79
(be able to analyze.)108 268.8 R .79(If 118 me)5.79 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79
(bytes or more of total memory \(sw).05 F .79(ap space plus RAM\) is a)
-.1 F -.25(va)-.2 G .79(ilable, then).25 F(MAXP)108 280.8 Q -.4(AG)-.92
G 1.795(ES may be increased to 16.).4 F 1.795
(This will permit operation o)6.795 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.296(ra4).15 G
(-de)-4.296 E 1.796(gree by 4-de)-.15 F 1.796(gree re)-.15 F(gion,)-.15
E 1.086(which is suf)108 292.8 R 1.086
(\214cient for single antenna heights in e)-.25 F 1.085
(xcess of 10,000 feet abo)-.15 F 1.385 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.085
(ean sea le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.085(l, or point-to-).15 F
(point distances of o)108 304.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(r1).15 G
(000 miles.)-2.5 E F3(ADDITION)72 321.6 Q(AL INFORMA)-.219 E(TION)-1.04
E F0 .332(The latest ne)108 333.6 R .332(ws and information re)-.25 F
-.05(ga)-.15 G(rding).05 E F1(SPLA)2.832 E(T!)-.95 E F0(softw)2.832 E
.332(are is a)-.1 F -.25(va)-.2 G .332(ilable through the of).25 F
(\214cial)-.25 E F1(SPLA)2.833 E(T!)-.95 E F0(soft-)2.833 E -.1(wa)108
345.6 S(re web page located at:).1 E F2(http://www)2.5 E
(.qsl.net/kd2bd/splat.html)-.74 E F0(.)A F3 -.548(AU)72 362.4 S(THORS)
.548 E F0(John A. Magliacane, KD2BD <)108 374.4 Q F2(kd2bd@amsat.or)A(g)
-.37 E F0(>)A(Creator)144 386.4 Q 2.5(,L)-.4 G(ead De)-2.5 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G(loper).15 E(Doug McDonald <)108 403.2 Q F2(mcdonald@scs.uiuc.edu)
A F0(>)A(Original Longle)144 415.2 Q(y-Rice Model inte)-.15 E(gration)
-.15 E(Ron Bentle)108 432 Q 2.5(y<)-.15 G F2 -.45(ro)-2.5 G(nbentle).45
E(y@earthlink.net)-.3 E F0(>)A
(Fresnel Zone plotting and clearance determination)144 444 Q
(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 120.785(are 16)-.1 F(September 2007)2.5 E(17)
185.115 E EP
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end
%%EOF