-#LyX 1.4.5 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 245
+#LyX 1.5.7 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 276
\begin_document
\begin_header
\textclass book
linkcolor=blue] {hyperref}
%
\sloppy
-\tolerance=500
-\emergencystretch=30pt
+\tolerance=500
+\emergencystretch=30pt
%
\date{}
\end_preamble
\language english
\inputencoding default
-\fontscheme pslatex
+\font_roman times
+\font_sans helvet
+\font_typewriter courier
+\font_default_family default
+\font_sc false
+\font_osf false
+\font_sf_scale 100
+\font_tt_scale 100
\graphics default
\paperfontsize default
\spacing single
\papersize letterpaper
\use_geometry true
\use_amsmath 1
+\use_esint 0
\cite_engine basic
\use_bibtopic false
\paperorientation portrait
\papersides 1
\paperpagestyle fancy
\tracking_changes false
-\output_changes true
+\output_changes false
+\author ""
+\author ""
\end_header
\begin_body
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-into seperate sections/chapters/appendices (it is hard to document PIC or
- Z80 in
+into separate sections/chapters/appendices (it is hard to document PIC or
+ Z80 in
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Date
\size normal
-SDCC 2.7.5
+SDCC 2.8.7
\size footnotesize
\newline
-$Date:: $
+$Date: 2008-11-16#$
\newline
-$Revision$
+$Revision: 5272$
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \tableofcontents{}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand tableofcontents
\end_inset
\emph on
S
\emph default
-mall
+mall
\emph on
D
\emph default
-evice
+evice
\emph on
-CC
+C
+\emph default
+
+\emph on
+C
\emph default
ompiler) is free open source, retargettable, optimizing ANSI-C compiler
- by
+ by
\series bold
Sandeep Dutta
\series default
designed for 8 bit Microprocessors.
The current version targets Intel MCS51 based Microprocessors (8031, 8032,
8051, 8052
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{8031, 8032, 8051, 8052, mcs51 CPU}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "8031, 8032, 8051, 8052, mcs51 CPU"
\end_inset
Atmel AVR is under development.
The entire source code for the compiler is distributed under GPL.
SDCC uses ASXXXX
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{asXXXX (as-gbz80, as-hc08, asx8051, as-z80)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "asXXXX (as-gbz80, as-hc08, asx8051, as-z80)"
\end_inset
& ASLINK
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{aslink}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "aslink"
\end_inset
, an open source retargetable assembler & linker.
SDCC has extensive language extensions suitable for utilizing various microcont
rollers and underlying hardware effectively.
+
\newline
\newline
-In addition to the MCU specific
- optimizations SDCC also does a host of standard optimizations like:
+In addition to the MCU specific optimizations SDCC also does a host of
+ standard optimizations like:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-global sub expression elimination,
+global sub expression elimination,
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
loop optimizations (loop invariant, strength reduction of induction variables
- and loop reversing),
+ and loop reversing),
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-constant folding & propagation,
+constant folding & propagation,
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-copy propagation,
+copy propagation,
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-dead code elimination
+dead code elimination
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-jump tables for
+jump tables for
\emph on
switch
\emph default
\begin_layout Standard
For the back-end SDCC uses a global register allocation scheme which should
be well suited for other 8 bit MCUs.
+
\newline
\newline
-The peep hole optimizer uses a rule
- based substitution mechanism which is MCU independent.
+The peep hole optimizer uses a rule based substitution mechanism which
+ is MCU independent.
+
\newline
\newline
-Supported data-types
- are:
+Supported data-types are:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-1.175494351E-38,
+1.175494351E-38,
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\newline
-The compiler also allows
+The compiler also allows
\emph on
inline assembler code
\emph default
-cyclomatic) to report the relative complexity of a function.
These functions can then be further optimized, or hand coded in assembly
if needed.
+
\newline
\newline
\newline
The latest SDCC version can be downloaded from
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/snap.php}
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/snap.php"
\end_inset
.
+
\emph on
Please note: the compiler will probably always be some steps ahead of this
documentation
\series bold
\emph default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Status of documentation}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Status of documentation"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-All packages used in this compiler system are
+All packages used in this compiler system are
\emph on
open source
\emph default
- and
+ and
\emph on
freeware
\emph default
\newline
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{GNU General Public License, GPL}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "GNU General Public License, GPL"
\end_inset
your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{warranty}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "warranty"
\end_inset
In other words, you are welcome to use, share and improve this program.
You are forbidden to forbid anyone else to use, share and improve what
you give them.
- Help stamp out software-hoarding!
+ Help stamp out software-hoarding!
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Typographic conventions
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Typographic conventions}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Typographic conventions"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Throughout this manual, we will use the following convention.
- Commands you have to type in are printed in
+ Commands you have to type in are printed in
\family sans
\series bold
"sans serif"
.
\family default
- Code samples are printed in
+ Code samples are printed in
\family typewriter
typewriter font.
\family default
- Interesting items and new terms are printed in
+ Interesting items and new terms are printed in
\emph on
italic.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Compatibility
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:Compatibility-with-previous}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Compatibility-with-previous"
\end_inset
with previous versions
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Compatibility with previous versions}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Compatibility with previous versions"
\end_inset
But we also sometimes introduce some incompatibilities with older versions.
Not just for the fun of it, but to make the compiler more stable, efficient
and ANSI compliant
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{ANSI-compliance}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "ANSI-compliance"
\end_inset
- (see section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:ANSI-Compliance}
+ (see section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:ANSI-Compliance"
\end_inset
for ANSI-Compliance).
+
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
\end_inset
--short-is-8bits commandline option (see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \vref{lyx:--short-is-8bits}
+-short-is-8bits commandline option (see
+\begin_inset LatexCommand vref
+reference "lyx:--short-is-8bits"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Itemize
char type parameters to vararg
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{vararg, va\_arg}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "vararg, va\\_arg"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ functions are casted to int unless explicitly casted and
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c89
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-std-c89"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ and
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
\end_inset
- functions are casted to int unless explicitly casted
+-std-c99
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-std-c99"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ command line option are not defined
\begin_inset Marginal
status collapsed
\end_inset
-, e.g.:
+, e.g.:
\newline
\family typewriter
\family default
\newline
- will push a as an int and as a char resp.
+ will push a as an int and as a char resp if
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c89
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-std-c89"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ and
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c99
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-std-c99"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ command line options are not defined,
+\newline
+ will push a as two ints if
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c89
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-std-c89"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ or
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c99
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-std-c99"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ command line option is defined.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_layout Itemize
bit
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{bit}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "bit"
\end_inset
and sbit
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{sbit}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "sbit"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_sbit}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_sbit"
\end_inset
types now consistently behave like the C99 _Bool type with respect to type
conversion
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{type conversion}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "type conversion"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{type promotion}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "type promotion"
\end_inset
.
The most common incompatibility resulting from this change is related to
bit toggling
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Bit toggling}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Bit toggling"
\end_inset
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
b = ~
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\~\/ Operator}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\~\\/ Operator"
\end_inset
In previous versions, both forms would have toggled the bit.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+in older versions, the preprocessor was always called with
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
\begin_layout Standard
-\emph on
-<pending: more incompatibilities?>
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c99
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-std-c99"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ regardless of the
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-xxx
+\series default
+ setting.
+ This is no longer true, and can cause compilation failures on code built
+ with
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c89
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-std-c89"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ but using c99 preprocessor features, such as one-line (//) comments
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+in versions older then 2.8.4 the pic16 *printf() and printf_tiny() library
+ functions supported undocumented and not standard compliant 'b' binary
+ format specifier ("%b", "%hb" and "%lb").
+ The 'b' specifier is now disabled by default.
+ It can be enabled by defining BINARY_SPECIFIER macro in files device/lib/pic16/
+libc/stdio/vfprintf.c and device/lib/pic16/libc/stdio/printf_tiny.c and recompilin
+g the library.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+in versions older then 2.8.5 the unnamed bitfield structure members participated
+ in initialization, which is not conforming with ISO/IEC 9899:1999 standard
+ (see section Section 6.7.8 Initialization, clause 9)
+\newline
+
+\newline
+Old behavior, before
+ version 2.8.5:
+\family typewriter
+
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+struct {
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+int a : 2;
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+char\InsetSpace ~
+ : 2;
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+int b : 2;
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+} s = {1, 2, 3};
+\family default
+
+\newline
+
+\family typewriter
+/* s.a = 1, s.b = 3 */
+\family default
+
+\newline
+
+\newline
+New behavior:
+\family typewriter
+
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+struct {
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+int a : 2;
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+char\InsetSpace ~
+ : 2;
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+int b : 2;
+\newline
+\InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
+} s = {1, 2};
+\family default
+
+\newline
+
+\family typewriter
+/* s.a = 1, s.b = 2 */
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The SDCC home page at
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/}
+The SDCC home page at
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/"
\end_inset
Web links to other SDCC related sites can also be found here.
This document can be found in the DOC directory of the source package as
a text or HTML file.
- A pdf version of this document is available at
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/doc/sdccman.pdf}
+ A pdf version of this document is available at
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/doc/sdccman.pdf"
\end_inset
\family typewriter
better code banking
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{code banking (limited support)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "code banking (limited support)"
\end_inset
\newline
\family default
-If you can think of some more, please see the section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:Requesting-Features}
+If you can think of some more, please see the section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Requesting-Features"
\end_inset
about filing feature requests
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Requesting features}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Requesting features"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Feature request}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Feature request"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Chapter
Installing SDCC
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Installation}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Installation"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-For most users it is sufficient to skip to either section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:Building-SDCC-on-Linux}
+For most users it is sufficient to skip to either section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Building-SDCC-on-Linux"
\end_inset
- (Unix) or section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:Windows-Install}
+ (Unix) or section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Windows-Install"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Configure Options
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Options SDCC configuration}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Options SDCC configuration"
\end_inset
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-sdccconf_h_dir_separator environment variable, either / or
+sdccconf_h_dir_separator environment variable, either / or
\backslash
\backslash
Lower runtime footprint.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-without-ccache Do not use ccache even if available
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
Furthermore the environment variables CC, CFLAGS, ...
the tools and their arguments can be influenced.
\newline
These configure options are compiled into the binaries,
and can only be changed by rerunning 'configure' and recompiling SDCC.
- The configure options are written in
+ The configure options are written in
\emph on
italics
\emph default
\newline
\newline
-The settings for
+The settings for
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-open source,
+open source,
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
This is needed for full relocatability of a binary package and to complete
search paths (see section search paths below):
\newline
-
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout LyX-Code
-./configure
+./configure
\backslash
\newline
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
-
+
\backslash
-
+
\newline
RANLIB=
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
-
+
\backslash
\newline
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
-
+
\backslash
\newline
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
-
+
\backslash
\newline
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
-
+
\backslash
\newline
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
-
+
\backslash
\newline
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
-
+
\backslash
\newline
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
-
+
\backslash
\newline
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
-
+
\backslash
\newline
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To
+To
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout LyX-Code
-./configure -C
+./configure -C
\backslash
\newline
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
-
+
\backslash
\newline
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
-
+
\backslash
\newline
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
-
+
\backslash
-
+
\newline
include_dir_suffix=
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
-
+
\backslash
\newline
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
-
+
\backslash
\newline
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
-
+
\backslash
\newline
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
-
+
\backslash
\newline
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
-
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Section
Install paths
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:Install-paths}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Install-paths"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Install paths}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Install paths"
\end_inset
\size footnotesize
*compiler, preprocessor, assembler, and linker
\newline
-**the
+**the
\shape italic
model
\shape default
\newline
Moreove
r the install path can be changed by defining DESTDIR
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{DESTDIR}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "DESTDIR"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Search Paths
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:Search-Paths}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Search-Paths"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Search path}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Search path"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Some search paths or parts of them are determined by configure variables
- (in
+ (in
\emph on
italics
\emph default
, see section above).
Further search paths are determined by environment variables during runtime.
+
\newline
-The
- paths searched when running the compiler are as follows (the first catch
- wins):
+The paths searched when running the compiler are as follows (the first
+ catch wins):
\newline
\newline
\end_inset
-
+
\newline
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
+
\newline
\end_layout
\newline
3.
- Library files
+ Library files
\newline
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-With the exception of
+With the exception of
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
- the
+ the
\shape italic
model
\shape default
is auto-appended by the compiler (e.g.
small, large, z80, ds390 etc.).
+
\newline
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Building SDCC
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Building SDCC}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Building SDCC"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Building SDCC on Linux
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:Building-SDCC-on-Linux}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Building-SDCC-on-Linux"
\end_inset
\series medium
bz2
\series default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/snap.php}
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/snap.php"
\end_inset
\series medium
Unpack the file using a command like:
+\series default
+
\family sans
\series bold
"tar -xvzf sdcc-src-yyyymmdd-rrrr.tar.bz2
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-Change directory into the main SDCC directory, for example type:
+Change directory into the main SDCC directory, for example type:
\family sans
\series bold
"cd sdcc
\series medium
Type
+\series default
+
\family sans
\series bold
"./configure
\series medium
Type
+\series default
+
\family sans
\series bold
"make
\series medium
Type
+\series default
+
\family sans
\series bold
"make install"
\series default
This copies the binary executables, the include files, the libraries and
the documentation to the install directories.
- Proceed with section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:Testing-the-SDCC}
+ Proceed with section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Testing-the-SDCC"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout LyX-Code
-./configure
+./configure
\backslash
\end_layout
\begin_layout LyX-Code
LDFLAGS="-Wl,-syslibroot,/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.4u.sdk -arch i386 -arch
- ppc"
+ ppc"
\backslash
\end_layout
\begin_layout LyX-Code
CXXFLAGS = "-O2 -isysroot /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.4u.sdk -arch i386 -arch
- ppc"
+ ppc"
\backslash
\end_layout
\newline
\newline
-On Cygwin a
+On Cygwin a
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
\newline
In order to install
- Cygwin on Windows download setup.exe from
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[www.cygwin.com]{http://www.cygwin.com/}
+ Cygwin on Windows download setup.exe from
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+name "www.cygwin.com"
+target "http://www.cygwin.com/"
\end_inset
.
- Run it, set the
+ Run it, set the
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
- to
+ to
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-gdb ; the gnu debugger, together with the nice GUI
+gdb ; the gnu debugger, together with the nice GUI
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
\end_inset
--login -i
+-login -i
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The other good tip is to make sure you have no //c/-styl
e paths anywhere, use /cygdrive/c/ instead.
Using // invokes a network lookup which is very slow.
- If you think
+ If you think
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
And use an editor which can handle LF-only line endings.
Make sure not to commit files with windows line endings.
The tabulator spacing
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{tabulator spacing (8 columns)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "tabulator spacing (8 columns)"
\end_inset
\series medium
Download the source package
\series default
- either from the SDCC Subversion repository or from the
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[snapshot builds]{http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/snap.php}
+ either from the SDCC Subversion repository or from the
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+name "snapshot builds"
+target "http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/snap.php"
\end_inset
bin_vc to sdcc
\backslash
bin before running SDCC.
+
\newline
\newline
-WARNING: Visual studio is very picky with line terminatio
-ns; it expects the 0x0d, 0x0a DOS style line endings, not the 0x0a Unix
- style line endings.
+WARNING: Visual studio is very picky with line terminations; it expects
+ the 0x0d, 0x0a DOS style line endings, not the 0x0a Unix style line endings.
When using the Subversion repository it's easiest to configure the svn
client to convert automatically for you.
If however you are getting a message such as "This makefile was not generated
when opening the sdcc.dsw workspace or any of the *.dsp projects, then you
need to convert the Unix style line endings to DOS style line endings.
- To do so you can use the
+ To do so you can use the
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
\newline
In order to build SDCC with MSVC
you need win32 executables of bison.exe, flex.exe, and gawk.exe.
- One good place to get them is
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[here]{http://unxutils.sourceforge.net}
+ One good place to get them is
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+name "here"
+target "http://unxutils.sourceforge.net"
\end_inset
\newline
Download the file UnxUtils
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{UnxUtils}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "UnxUtils"
\end_inset
\backslash
util
\backslash
-' and add these lines:
+' and add these lines:
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\backslash
util
\backslash
-bison.simple
+bison.simple
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\family sans
\series bold
find .
+
\backslash
-( -name '*.obj' -o -name '*.lib' -o -name '*.rul'
+( -name '*.obj' -o -name '*.lib' -o -name '*.rul'
\backslash
-) -print -exec rm {}
+) -print -exec rm {}
\backslash
;
\family default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-Download the binary zip package from
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.sf.net/snap.php}
+Download the binary zip package from
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sdcc.sf.net/snap.php"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Windows Install Using the Setup Program
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:Windows-Install}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Windows-Install"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Download the setup program
+Download the setup program
\emph on
sdcc-x.y.z-setup.exe
\emph default
- for an official release from
+ for an official release from
\newline
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sf.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=599}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sf.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=599"
\end_inset
- or a setup program for one of the snapshots
+ or a setup program for one of the snapshots
\emph on
sdcc-yyyymmdd-xxxx-setup.exe
\emph default
- from
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.sf.net/snap.php}
+ from
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sdcc.sf.net/snap.php"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
VPATH
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{VPATH}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "VPATH"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\noindent
-That's it!
+That's it!
\series bold
configure
\series default
will create the directory tree will all the necessary Makefiles in ~/sdcc.build.
It automagically computes the variables srcdir, top_srcdir and top_buildir
for each directory.
- After running
+ After running
\series bold
make
\series default
file untouched in the source directory.
Simply copy it to the build directory, edit it, enter `make clean', `rm
Makefile.dep' and `make'.
+
\series bold
make
\series default
with all the other stuff.
You will need several tools (LyX, LaTeX, LaTeX2HTML, pdflatex, dvipdf,
dvips and makeindex) to get the job done.
- Another possibility is to change to the doc directory and to type
+ Another possibility is to change to the doc directory and to type
\family sans
\series bold
there.
You're invited to make changes and additions to this manual (sdcc/doc/sdccman.ly
x).
- Using LyX
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.lyx.org}
+ Using LyX
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://www.lyx.org"
\end_inset
as editor is straightforward.
- Prebuilt documentation in html and pdf format is available from
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.sf.net/snap.php}
+ Prebuilt documentation in html and pdf format is available from
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sdcc.sf.net/snap.php"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Reading the Documentation
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Documentation}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Documentation"
\end_inset
\end_inset
.
+
\newline
You'll find the pdf version
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PDF version of this document}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PDF version of this document"
\end_inset
- at
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.sf.net/doc/sdccman.pdf}
+ at
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sdcc.sf.net/doc/sdccman.pdf"
\end_inset
.
+
\newline
A html version
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{HTML version of this document}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "HTML version of this document"
\end_inset
- should be online at
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.sf.net/doc/sdccman.html/index.html}
+ should be online at
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sdcc.sf.net/doc/sdccman.html/index.html"
\end_inset
.
\newline
This documentation is in some aspects different from a commercial documentation:
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
It tries to document SDCC for several processor architectures in one document
(commercially these probably would be separate documents/products).
This document
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Status of documentation}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Status of documentation"
\end_inset
There are many references pointing away from this documentation.
Don't let this distract you.
If there f.e.
- was a reference like
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.opencores.org}
+ was a reference like
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://www.opencores.org"
\end_inset
- together with a statement
+ together with a statement
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
-some processors which are targetted by SDCC can be implemented in a
+some processors which are targetted by SDCC can be implemented in a
\emph on
f
\emph default
-ield
+ield
\emph on
p
\emph default
-rogrammable
+rogrammable
\emph on
g
\emph default
-ate
+ate
\emph on
a
\emph default
rray
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{FPGA (field programmable gate array)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "FPGA (field programmable gate array)"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
- or
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sf.net/projects/fpgac}
+ or
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sf.net/projects/fpgac"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{FpgaC ((subset of) C to FPGA compiler)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "FpgaC ((subset of) C to FPGA compiler)"
\end_inset
-
+
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Testing the SDCC Compiler
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:Testing-the-SDCC}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Testing-the-SDCC"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The first thing you should do after installing your SDCC compiler is to
see if it runs.
- Type
+ Type
\family sans
\series bold
"sdcc -
\end_inset
-version"
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{version}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "version"
\end_inset
\family default
\series default
at the prompt, and the program should run and output its version like:
+
\newline
\family typewriter
\series medium
see
\series default
-section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:Install-Trouble-shooting}
+ section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Install-Trouble-shooting"
\end_inset
\series medium
SDCC
\series default
-is commonly installed as described in section
+ is commonly installed as described in section
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
Make sure the compiler works on a very simple example.
Type in the following test.c program using your favorite
\series default
-ASCII
+ ASCII
\series medium
editor:
\end_layout
\series medium
Compile this using the following command:
+\series default
+
\family sans
\series bold
"sdcc -c test.c".
+
\family default
+\series default
+
\series medium
If all goes well, the compiler will generate a test.asm and test.rel file.
Congratulations, you've just compiled your first program with SDCC.
\series medium
The next step is to try it with the linker.
Type in
+\series default
+
\family sans
\series bold
"sdcc test.c
.
If all goes well the compiler will link with the libraries and produce
a test.ihx output file.
- If this step fails(no test.ihx, and the linker generates warnings), then
- the problem is most likely that
+ If this step fails
\series default
-SDCC
+
\series medium
- cannot find the
+(no test.ihx, and the linker generates warnings), then the problem is most
+ likely that
\series default
-/
+ SDCC
\series medium
-usr/local/share/sdcc/lib directory(see
+cannot find the
\series default
-section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:Install-Trouble-shooting}
+ /
+\series medium
+usr/local/share/sdcc/lib directory
+\series default
+
+\series medium
+(see
+\series default
+ section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Install-Trouble-shooting"
\end_inset
\series medium
The final test is to ensure
\series default
-SDCC
+ SDCC
\series medium
- can use the
+can use the
\series default
-standard
+ standard
\series medium
- header files and libraries.
+header files and libraries.
Edit test.c and change it to the following:
\end_layout
\series medium
Compile this by typing
+\series default
+
\family sans
\series bold
"sdcc test.c"
such as not finding the string.h file.
If it cannot find the string.h file, then the problem is that
\series default
-SDCC
+ SDCC
\series medium
- cannot find the /usr/local/share/sdcc/include directory(see the
+cannot find the /usr/local/share/sdcc/include directory
\series default
-section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:Install-Trouble-shooting}
+
+\series medium
+(see the
+\series default
+ section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Install-Trouble-shooting"
\end_inset
Install trouble-shooting section for suggestions).
\series default
- Use option
+ Use option
\series bold
-
\begin_inset ERT
-print-search-dirs
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-print-search-dirs}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-print-search-dirs"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Install Trouble-shooting
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:Install-Trouble-shooting}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Install-Trouble-shooting"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Install trouble-shooting}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Install trouble-shooting"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-What the
+What the
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The
+The
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-What the
+What the
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-What the
+What the
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
This will install the compiler, other executables libraries and include
files into the appropriate directories.
- See sections
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:Install-paths}
+ See sections
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Install-paths"
\end_inset
,\InsetSpace ~
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:Search-Paths}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Search-Paths"
\end_inset
At the time of this writing, we find the following programs for gcc-builds:
\newline
+
\newline
-In
- <installdir>/bin:
+In <installdir>/bin:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\series bold
,
\series default
-as-gbz80 - The Z80 and GameBoy Z80 assemblers.
+ as-gbz80 - The Z80 and GameBoy Z80 assemblers.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\series bold
,
\series default
-link-gbz80 - The Z80 and GameBoy Z80 linkers.
+ link-gbz80 - The Z80 and GameBoy Z80 linkers.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_layout Standard
The preprocessor
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{sdcpp (preprocessor)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "sdcpp (preprocessor)"
\end_inset
is a modified version of the GNU cpp
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{cpp|see{sdcpp}}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "cpp|see{sdcpp}"
\end_inset
- preprocessor
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://gcc.gnu.org/}
+ preprocessor
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://gcc.gnu.org/"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
S51
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{s51}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "s51"
\end_inset
is a free open source simulator developed by Daniel Drotos.
The simulator is built as part of the build process.
- For more information visit Daniel's web site at:
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://mazsola.iit.uni-miskolc.hu/~drdani/embedded/s51}
+ For more information visit Daniel's web site at:
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://mazsola.iit.uni-miskolc.hu/~drdani/embedded/s51"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
SDCDB
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{SDCDB (debugger)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "SDCDB (debugger)"
\end_inset
is the companion source level debugger.
- More about SDCDB in section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{cha:Debugging-with-SDCDB}
+ More about SDCDB in section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:Debugging-with-SDCDB"
\end_inset
.
The current version of the debugger uses Daniel's Simulator S51
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{s51}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "s51"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
For single source file 8051 projects the process is very simple.
- Compile your programs with the following command
+ Compile your programs with the following command
\family sans
\series bold
"sdcc sourcefile.c".
\begin_layout Itemize
sourcefile.asm
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{<file>.asm}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "<file>.asm"
\end_inset
- Assembler source
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Assembler source}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Assembler source"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Itemize
sourcefile.lst
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{<file>.lst}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "<file>.lst"
\end_inset
- Assembler listing
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Assembler listing}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Assembler listing"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Itemize
sourcefile.rst
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{<file>.rst}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "<file>.rst"
\end_inset
- Assembler listing
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Assembler listing}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Assembler listing"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Itemize
sourcefile.sym
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{<file>.sym}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "<file>.sym"
\end_inset
- symbol listing
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Symbol listing}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Symbol listing"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Itemize
sourcefile.rel
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{<file>.rel}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "<file>.rel"
\end_inset
or sourcefile.o
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{<file>.o}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "<file>.o"
\end_inset
- Object file
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Object file}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Object file"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Itemize
sourcefile.map
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{<file>.map}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "<file>.map"
\end_inset
- The memory map
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Memory map}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Memory map"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Itemize
sourcefile.mem
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{<file>.mem}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "<file>.mem"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Itemize
sourcefile.ihx
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{<file>.ihx}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "<file>.ihx"
\end_inset
- The load module in Intel hex format
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Intel hex format}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Intel hex format"
\end_inset
(you can select the Motorola S19 format
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Motorola S19 format}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Motorola S19 format"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-out-fmt-s19
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-out-fmt-s19}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-out-fmt-s19"
\end_inset
.
- If you need another format you might want to use
+ If you need another format you might want to use
\family sans
\shape italic
objdump
\family default
\shape default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{objdump (tool)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "objdump (tool)"
\end_inset
- or
+ or
\family sans
\shape italic
- srecord
+srecord
\family default
\shape default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{srecord (bin, hex, ... tool)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "srecord (bin, hex, ... tool)"
\end_inset
\end_inset
- - see also section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \vref{sub:Postprocessing-the-Intel}
+ - see also section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand vref
+reference "sub:Postprocessing-the-Intel"
\end_inset
).
Both formats are documented in the documentation of srecord
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{srecord (bin, hex, ... tool)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "srecord (bin, hex, ... tool)"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Itemize
sourcefile.adb
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{<file>.adb}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "<file>.adb"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-debug
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-debug}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-debug"
\end_inset
-)
+)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
sourcefile.cdb
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{<file>.cdb}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "<file>.cdb"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Itemize
sourcefile.
- (no extension)
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{<file> (no extension)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "<file> (no extension)"
\end_inset
An optional AOMF or AOMF51
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{AOMF, AOMF51}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "AOMF, AOMF51"
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{OMF file}
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "OMF file"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-debug).
- The (Intel)
+ The (Intel)
\emph on
- a
+a
\emph default
-bsolute
+bsolute
\emph on
o
\emph default
-bject
+bject
\emph on
m
\emph default
-odule
+odule
\emph on
f
\emph default
ormat is a subformat of the OMF51 format and is commonly used by third party
tools (debuggers
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Debugger}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Debugger"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Itemize
sourcefile.dump*
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{<file>.dump*}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "<file>.dump*"
\end_inset
\end_inset
--dumpall) (see section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:Intermediate-Dump-Options}
+-dumpall) (see section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Intermediate-Dump-Options"
\end_inset
\InsetSpace ~
- and section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:The-anatomy-of}
+ and section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:The-anatomy-of"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Postprocessing the Intel Hex
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Intel hex format}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Intel hex format"
\end_inset
file
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:Postprocessing-the-Intel}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Postprocessing-the-Intel"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
In most cases this won't be needed but the Intel Hex file
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{<file>.ihx}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "<file>.ihx"
\end_inset
which is generated by SDCC might include lines of varying length and the
addresses within the file are not guaranteed to be strictly ascending.
If your toolchain or a bootloader does not like this you can use the tool
+
\family typewriter
packihx
\family default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{packihx (tool)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "packihx (tool)"
\end_inset
- which is part of the SDCC distribution:
+ which is part of the SDCC distribution:
\newline
\newline
-
+
\family sans
\series bold
- packihx sourcefile.ihx >sourcefile.hex
+packihx sourcefile.ihx >sourcefile.hex
\family default
\series default
\newline
\newline
-The separately available
+The separately available
\emph on
- srecord
+srecord
\emph default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{srecord (bin, hex, ... tool)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "srecord (bin, hex, ... tool)"
\end_inset
package additionally allows to set undefined locations to a predefined
value, to insert checksums
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{checksum}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "checksum"
\end_inset
of various flavours (crc, add, xor) and to perform other manipulations
(convert, split, crop, offset, ...).
+
\newline
\newline
\begin_layout Standard
the command backfills
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{backfill unused memory}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "backfill unused memory"
\end_inset
unused memory with 0x12 and the overall 16 bit sum of the complete 64 kByte
block is zero.
If the program counter on an mcs51 runs wild the backfill pattern 0x12
- will be interpreted as an
+ will be interpreted as an
\family typewriter
lcall
\family default
- to address
+ to address
\family typewriter
0x1212
\family default
\family default
\series default
-The srecord package is available at
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sf.net/projects/srecord}
+The srecord package is available at
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sf.net/projects/srecord"
\end_inset
\size default
The first two files will need to be compiled separately with the commands:
+\size footnotesize
+
+\size default
+
\newline
\newline
\newline
\newline
-Then compile the source file containing the
+Then compile the source file containing the
\emph on
main()
\emph default
function and link
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Linker}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Linker"
\end_inset
- the files together with the following command:
+ the files together with the following command:
\newline
\newline
\family default
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{<file>.rel}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "<file>.rel"
\end_inset
\newline
\newline
-Alternatively,
+Alternatively,
\emph on
foomain.c
\emph default
-can be separately compiled as well:
+ can be separately compiled as well:
\family sans
\series bold
\family default
\series default
-The file containing the
+The file containing the
\emph on
main()
\emph default
- function
+ function
\noun on
must
\noun default
- be the
+ be the
\noun on
first
\noun default
file specified in the command line, since the linkage editor processes
file in the order they are presented to it.
The linker is invoked from SDCC using a script file with extension .lnk
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{<file>.lnk}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "<file>.lnk"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Projects with Additional Libraries
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Libraries}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Libraries"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Some reusable routines may be compiled into a library, see the documentation
for the assembler and linkage editor (which are in <installdir>/share/sdcc/doc)
- for how to create a
+ for how to create a
\emph on
.lib
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{<file>.lib}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "<file>.lib"
\end_inset
Libraries created in this manner can be included in the command line.
Make sure you include the -L <library-path> option to tell the linker where
to look for these files if they are not in the current directory.
- Here is an example, assuming you have the source file
+ Here is an example, assuming you have the source file
\emph on
foomain.c
\emph default
- and a library
+ and a library
\emph on
- foolib.lib
+foolib.lib
\emph default
- in the directory
+ in the directory
\emph on
mylib
\emph default
\family default
\series default
-Note here that
+Note here that
\emph on
- mylib
+mylib
\emph default
must be an absolute path name.
\newline
The most efficient way to use libraries is
to keep separate modules in separate source files.
The lib file now should name all the modules.rel
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{<file>.rel}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "<file>.rel"
\end_inset
files.
- For an example see the standard library file
+ For an example see the standard library file
\emph on
libsdcc.lib
\emph default
\begin_layout Subsection
Using sdcclib to Create and Manage Libraries
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{sdcclib}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "sdcclib"
\end_inset
\family sans
\series bold
sdcclib -?
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{sdcclib}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "sdcclib"
\end_inset
sdcclib libint.lib _divsint.rel
\family default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{sdcclib}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "sdcclib"
\end_inset
sdcclib -s libint.lib
\family default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{sdcclib}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "sdcclib"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-debug
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-debug}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-debug"
\end_inset
file as well.
The library files created with sdcclib are plain text files, so they can
be viewed with a text editor.
- It is not recomended to modify a library file created with sdcclib using
- a text editor, as there are file indexes numbers located accross the file
+ It is not recommended to modify a library file created with sdcclib using
+ a text editor, as there are file indexes numbers located across the file
used by the linker to quickly locate the required module to link.
Once a .rel file (as well as a .adb file) is added to a library using sdcclib,
it can be safely deleted, since all the information required for linking
\begin_layout Section
Command Line Options
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Command Line Options}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Command Line Options"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:Command-Line-Options}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Command-Line-Options"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Processor Selection Options
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Options processor selection}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Options processor selection"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Processor selection options}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Processor selection options"
\end_inset
\series bold
-mmcs51
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-mmcs51}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-mmcs51"
\end_inset
\series default
Generate code for the Intel MCS51
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{MCS51}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "MCS51"
\end_inset
\series bold
-mds390
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-mds390}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-mds390"
\end_inset
\series default
Generate code for the Dallas DS80C390
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{DS80C390}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "DS80C390"
\end_inset
\series bold
-mds400
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-mds400}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-mds400"
\end_inset
\series default
Generate code for the Dallas DS80C400
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{DS80C400}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "DS80C400"
\end_inset
\series bold
-mhc08
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-mhc08}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-mhc08"
\end_inset
\series default
Generate code for the Freescale/Motorola HC08
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{HC08}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "HC08"
\end_inset
\series bold
-mz80
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-mz80}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-mz80"
\end_inset
\series default
Generate code for the Zilog Z80
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Z80}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Z80"
\end_inset
\series bold
-mgbz80
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-mgbz80}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-mgbz80"
\end_inset
\series default
Generate code for the GameBoy Z80
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{gbz80 (GameBoy Z80)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "gbz80 (GameBoy Z80)"
\end_inset
\series bold
-mavr
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-mavr}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-mavr"
\end_inset
\series default
Generate code for the Atmel AVR
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{AVR}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "AVR"
\end_inset
processor (Not maintained, not complete).
- AVR users should probably have a look at winavr
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sourceforge.net/projects/winavr}
+ AVR users should probably have a look at winavr
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sourceforge.net/projects/winavr"
\end_inset
- or
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.avrfreaks.net/index.php?name=PNphpBB2&file=index}
+ or
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://www.avrfreaks.net/index.php?name=PNphpBB2&file=index"
\end_inset
\series bold
-mpic14
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-mpic14}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-mpic14"
\end_inset
\series default
Generate code for the Microchip PIC 14
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC14}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC14"
\end_inset
\series bold
-mpic16
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-mpic16}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-mpic16"
\end_inset
\series default
Generate code for the Microchip PIC 16
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC16}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC16"
\end_inset
-mtlcs900h
\series default
Generate code for the Toshiba TLCS-900H
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{TLCS-900H}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "TLCS-900H"
\end_inset
\series bold
-mxa51
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-mxa51}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-mxa51"
\end_inset
\series default
Generate code for the Phillips XA51
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{XA51}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "XA51"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Preprocessor Options
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Options preprocessor}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Options preprocessor"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Preprocessor options}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Preprocessor options"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{sdcpp (preprocessor)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "sdcpp (preprocessor)"
\end_inset
\series bold
-I<path>
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-I<path>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-I<path>"
\end_inset
\series default
- The additional location where the preprocessor will look for <..h> or
+ The additional location where the preprocessor will look for <..h> or
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\series bold
-D<macro[=value]>
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-D<macro[=value]>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-D<macro[=value]>"
\end_inset
\series bold
-M
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-M}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-M"
\end_inset
The list of rules is printed on standard output instead of the preprocessed
C program.
`-M' implies `-E
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-E}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-E"
\end_inset
\series bold
-C
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-C}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-C"
\end_inset
\series bold
-MM
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-MM}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-MM"
\end_inset
\series default
+\size large
+
+\size default
Like `-M' but the output mentions only the user header files included with
- `#include
+ `#include
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\series bold
-Aquestion(answer)
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-Aquestion(answer)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-Aquestion(answer)"
\end_inset
\series bold
-Umacro
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-Umacro}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-Umacro"
\end_inset
\series bold
-dM
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-dM}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-dM"
\end_inset
\series bold
-dD
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-dD}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-dD"
\end_inset
\series bold
-dN
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-dN}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-dN"
\end_inset
\series default
+\size large
+
+\size default
Like `-dD' except that the macro arguments and contents are omitted.
Only `#define name' is included in the output.
\end_layout
\series bold
-pedantic-parse-number
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{pedantic}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "pedantic"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-pedantic-parse-number}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-pedantic-parse-number"
\end_inset
\size large
\bar under
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{lyx:-pedantic-parse-number}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "lyx:-pedantic-parse-number"
\end_inset
\series default
-\size default
\bar default
+
+\size default
Pedantic parse numbers so that situations like 0xfe-LO_B(3) are parsed properly
and the macro LO_B(3) gets expanded.
- See also #pragma pedantic_parse_number
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \vpageref{ite:pedantic_parse_number}
+ See also #pragma pedantic_parse_number
+\begin_inset LatexCommand vpageref
+reference "ite:pedantic_parse_number"
\end_inset
in section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:Pragmas}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Pragmas"
\end_inset
-
+
\emph on
Note: this functionality is not in conformance with C99 standard!
\end_layout
preprocessorOption[,preprocessorOption]
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-Wp preprocessorOption[,preprocessorOption]}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-Wp preprocessorOption[,preprocessorOption]"
\end_inset
...
- Pass the preprocessorOption to the preprocessor
+ Pass the preprocessorOption to the preprocessor
\family typewriter
sdcpp
\family default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{sdcpp (preprocessor)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "sdcpp (preprocessor)"
\end_inset
.
- SDCC uses an adapted version of the preprocessor
+ SDCC uses an adapted version of the preprocessor
\emph on
cpp
\emph default
of the GNU Compiler Collection
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{gcc (GNU Compiler Collection)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "gcc (GNU Compiler Collection)"
\end_inset
\emph on
gcc
\emph default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://gcc.gnu.org/}
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://gcc.gnu.org/"
\end_inset
4.1.1\InsetSpace ~
CPP\InsetSpace ~
Manual
- at
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://www.gnu.org/software/gcc/onlinedocs/}
+ at
+\begin_inset LatexCommand htmlurl
+target "http://www.gnu.org/software/gcc/onlinedocs/"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Linker Options
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Options linker}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Options linker"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Linker options}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Linker options"
\end_inset
\series bold
-lib-path
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-lib-path <path>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-lib-path <path>"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-L -\/-lib-path}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-L -\\/-lib-path"
\end_inset
\InsetSpace ~
<absolute path to additional libraries> This option is passed to the linkage
editor's additional libraries
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Libraries}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Libraries"
\end_inset
-xram-loc
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-xram-loc <Value>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-xram-loc <Value>"
\end_inset
\InsetSpace ~
<Value> The start location of the external ram
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{xdata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "xdata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)"
\end_inset
-code-loc
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-code-loc <Value>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-code-loc <Value>"
\end_inset
\InsetSpace ~
<Value> The start location of the code
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{code}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "code"
\end_inset
segment, default value 0.
Note when this option is used the interrupt vector table
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{interrupt vector table}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "interrupt vector table"
\end_inset
-stack-loc
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-stack-loc <Value>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-stack-loc <Value>"
\end_inset
\InsetSpace ~
<Value> By default the stack
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{stack}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "stack"
\end_inset
The provided value should not overlap any other memory areas such as used
register banks or the data segment and with enough space for the current
application.
- The
+ The
\series bold
-
\begin_inset ERT
\series default
\InsetSpace ~
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-pack-iram}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-pack-iram"
\end_inset
option (which is now a default setting) will override this setting, so
- you should also specify the
+ you should also specify the
\series bold
-
\begin_inset ERT
\series default
\InsetSpace ~
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-no-pack-iram}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-no-pack-iram"
\end_inset
-xstack-loc
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-xstack-loc <Value>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-xstack-loc <Value>"
\end_inset
\InsetSpace ~
<Value> By default the external stack
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{xstack}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "xstack"
\end_inset
is placed after the pdata
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{pdata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "pdata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)"
\end_inset
-data-loc
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-data-loc <Value>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-data-loc <Value>"
\end_inset
\InsetSpace ~
<Value> The start location of the internal ram data
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{data (mcs51, ds390 storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "data (mcs51, ds390 storage class)"
\end_inset
-idata-loc
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-idata-loc <Value>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-idata-loc <Value>"
\end_inset
\InsetSpace ~
<Value> The start location of the indirectly addressable internal ram
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{idata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "idata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)"
\end_inset
\series default
\InsetSpace ~
<Value> The start location of the bit
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{bit}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "bit"
\end_inset
addressable internal ram of the 8051.
- This is
+ This is
\emph on
not
\emph default
\end_inset
-out-fmt-ihx
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-out-fmt-ihx}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-out-fmt-ihx"
\end_inset
-
+
\series default
The linker output (final object code) is in Intel Hex format.
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Intel hex format}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Intel hex format"
\end_inset
This is the default option.
The format itself is documented in the documentation of srecord
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{srecord (bin, hex, ... tool)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "srecord (bin, hex, ... tool)"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-out-fmt-s19
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-out-fmt-s19}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-out-fmt-s19"
\end_inset
-
+
\series default
The linker output (final object code) is in Motorola S19 format
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Motorola S19 format}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Motorola S19 format"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-out-fmt-elf
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-out-fmt-s19}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-out-fmt-s19"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{HC08!Options!-\/-out-fmt-elf}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "HC08!Options!-\\/-out-fmt-elf"
\end_inset
-
+
\series default
The linker output (final object code) is in ELF format
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{ELF format}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "ELF format"
\end_inset
.
(Currently only supported for the HC08
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{HC08}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "HC08"
\end_inset
linkOption[,linkOption]
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-Wl linkOption[,linkOption]}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-Wl linkOption[,linkOption]"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "lyx:-Wl option"
\end_inset
...
Pass the linkOption to the linker.
- If a bootloader is used an option like
+ If a bootloader is used an option like
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
\end_inset
would be typical to set the start of the code segment.
- See also #pragma constseg and #pragma codeseg in section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:Pragmas}
+ Either use the double quotes around this option or use no space (e.g.
+ -Wl-bCSEG=0x1000).
+ See also #pragma constseg and #pragma codeseg in section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Pragmas"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
MCS51 Options
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Options MCS51}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Options MCS51"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{MCS51 options}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "MCS51 options"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-model-small
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-model-small}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-model-small"
\end_inset
\series default
+\size large
+
+\size default
Generate code for Small Model programs, see section Memory Models for more
details.
This is the default model.
\end_inset
-model-medium
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-model-medium}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-model-medium"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-model-large
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-model-large}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-model-large"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-xstack
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-xstack}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-xstack"
\end_inset
\series default
Uses a pseudo stack in the pdata
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{pdata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "pdata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)"
\end_inset
area (usually the first 256 bytes in the external ram) for allocating variables
and passing parameters.
- See section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:External-Stack}
+ See section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:External-Stack"
\end_inset
\series default
\InsetSpace ~
<Value>
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-iram-size <Value>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-iram-size <Value>"
\end_inset
\series default
\InsetSpace ~
<Value>
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-xram-size <Value>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-xram-size <Value>"
\end_inset
\series default
\InsetSpace ~
<Value>
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-code-size <Value>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-code-size <Value>"
\end_inset
\series default
\InsetSpace ~
<Value>
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-stack-size <Value>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-stack-size <Value>"
\end_inset
\series default
\InsetSpace ~
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-pack-iram}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-pack-iram"
\end_inset
\series default
\InsetSpace ~
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-no-pack-iram}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-no-pack-iram"
\end_inset
\series default
\InsetSpace ~
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-acall-ajmp}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-acall-ajmp"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
DS390 / DS400 Options
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Options DS390}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Options DS390"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{DS390}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "DS390"
\end_inset
-model-flat24
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{DS390!Options!-\/-model-flat24}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "DS390!Options!-\\/-model-flat24"
\end_inset
+
+\size large
+
+\size default
Generate 24-bit flat mode code.
This is the one and only that the ds390 code generator supports right now
- and is default when using
+ and is default when using
\emph on
-mds390
\emph default
\end_inset
-protect-sp-update
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{DS390!Options!-\/-protect-sp-update}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "DS390!Options!-\\/-protect-sp-update"
\end_inset
-stack-10bit
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{DS390!Options!-\/-stack-10bit}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "DS390!Options!-\\/-stack-10bit"
\end_inset
Generate code for the 10 bit stack mode of the Dallas DS80C390 part.
This is the one and only that the ds390 code generator supports right now
- and is default when using
+ and is default when using
\emph on
-mds390
\emph default
stack mode.
It is important to ensure that the processor is in this mode before calling
any re-entrant functions compiled with this option.
- In principle, this should work with the
+ In principle, this should work with the
\emph on
-
\begin_inset ERT
\end_inset
-stack-auto
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-stack-auto}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-stack-auto"
\end_inset
\emph default
option, but that has not been tested.
- It is incompatible with the
+ It is incompatible with the
\emph on
-
\begin_inset ERT
\end_inset
-xstack
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-xstack}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-xstack"
\end_inset
\emph default
option.
It also only makes sense if the processor is in 24 bit contiguous addressing
- mode (see the
+ mode (see the
\emph on
-
\begin_inset ERT
\end_inset
-stack-probe
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{DS390!Options!-\/-stack-probe}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "DS390!Options!-\\/-stack-probe"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-tini-libid
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{DS390!Options!-\/-tini-libid}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "DS390!Options!-\\/-tini-libid"
\end_inset
\series default
<nnnn> LibraryID used in -mTININative.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout List
\end_inset
-use-accelerator
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{DS390!Options!-\/-use-accelerator}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "DS390!Options!-\\/-use-accelerator"
\end_inset
\series default
generate code for DS390 Arithmetic Accelerator.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Subsection
Z80 Options
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Options Z80}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Options Z80"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Z80}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Z80"
\end_inset
-callee-saves-bc
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Z80!Options!-\/-callee-saves-bc}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Z80!Options!-\\/-callee-saves-bc"
\end_inset
+
+\size large
+
+\size default
Force a called function to always save BC.
\end_layout
-no-std-crt0
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Z80!Options!-\/-no-std-crt0}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Z80!Options!-\\/-no-std-crt0"
\end_inset
-portmode=
\series default
<Value>
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Z80!Options!-\/-portmode=<Value>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Z80!Options!-\\/-portmode=<Value>"
\end_inset
-asm=
\series default
<Value>
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Z80!Options!-\/-asm=<Value>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Z80!Options!-\\/-asm=<Value>"
\end_inset
\series default
\InsetSpace ~
<Value>
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Z80!Options!-\/-codeseg <Value>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Z80!Options!-\\/-codeseg <Value>"
\end_inset
\series default
\InsetSpace ~
<Value>
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Z80!Options!-\/-constseg <Value>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Z80!Options!-\\/-constseg <Value>"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
GBZ80 Options
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Options GBZ80}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Options GBZ80"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{GBZ80}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "GBZ80"
\end_inset
-callee-saves-bc
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{GBZ80!Options!-\/-callee-saves-bc}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "GBZ80!Options!-\\/-callee-saves-bc"
\end_inset
+
+\size large
+
+\size default
Force a called function to always save BC.
\end_layout
\begin_layout List
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-no-std-crt0
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Z80!Options!-\\/-no-std-crt0"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ When linking, skip the standard crt0.o object file.
+ You must provide your own crt0.o for your system when linking.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
\series bold
-bo
\series default
\InsetSpace ~
<Num>
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{GBZ80!Options!-bo <Num>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "GBZ80!Options!-bo <Num>"
\end_inset
\series default
\InsetSpace ~
<Num>
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{GBZ80!Options!-ba <Num>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "GBZ80!Options!-ba <Num>"
\end_inset
\series default
\InsetSpace ~
<Value>
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{GBZ80!Options!-\/-codeseg <Value>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "GBZ80!Options!-\\/-codeseg <Value>"
\end_inset
\series default
\InsetSpace ~
<Value>
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{GBZ80!Options!-\/-constseg <Value>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "GBZ80!Options!-\\/-constseg <Value>"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Optimization Options
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Options optimization}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Options optimization"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Optimization options}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Optimization options"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-nogcse
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-nogcse}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-nogcse"
\end_inset
\emph on
s
\emph default
-pill
+pill
\emph on
loc
\emph default
ations, sloc
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{sloc (spill location)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "sloc (spill location)"
\end_inset
will indicate the number of extra bytes it allocated.
It is recommended that this option NOT be used, #pragma\InsetSpace ~
nogcse
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma nogcse}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma nogcse"
\end_inset
can be used to turn off global subexpression elimination
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Subexpression elimination}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Subexpression elimination"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-noinvariant
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-noinvariant}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-noinvariant"
\end_inset
Will not do loop invariant optimizations, this may be turned off for reasons
explained for the previous option.
For more details of loop optimizations performed see Loop Invariants in
- section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:Loop-Optimizations}
+ section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Loop-Optimizations"
\end_inset
.
It is recommended that this option NOT be used, #pragma\InsetSpace ~
noinvariant
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma noinvariant}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma noinvariant"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-noinduction
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-noinduction}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-noinduction"
\end_inset
for more details.
It is recommended that this option is NOT used, #pragma\InsetSpace ~
noinduction
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma noinduction}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma noinduction"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-nojtbound
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-nojtbound}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-nojtbound"
\end_inset
+\size large
+
\series default
+\size default
Will not generate boundary condition check when switch statements
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{switch statement}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "switch statement"
\end_inset
are implemented using jump-tables.
- See section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:'switch'-Statements}
+ See section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:'switch'-Statements"
\end_inset
Switch Statements for more details.
It is recommended that this option is NOT used, #pragma\InsetSpace ~
nojtbound
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma nojtbound}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma nojtbound"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-noloopreverse
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-noloopreverse}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-noloopreverse"
\end_inset
\series default
-Will not do loop reversal
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Loop reversing}
+\size large
+
+\size default
+Will not do loop reversal
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Loop reversing"
\end_inset
\series bold
nolabelopt
\series default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-nolabelopt }
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-nolabelopt "
\end_inset
\end_inset
-no-xinit-opt
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-no-xinit-opt}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-no-xinit-opt"
\end_inset
\series default
Will not memcpy initialized data from code space into xdata space.
This saves a few bytes in code space if you don't have initialized data
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Variable initialization}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Variable initialization"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-nooverlay
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-nooverlay}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-nooverlay"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-no-peep
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-no-peep}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-no-peep"
\end_inset
-peep-file
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-peep-file}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-peep-file"
\end_inset
\InsetSpace ~
<filename> This option can be used to use additional rules to be used by
the peep hole optimizer.
- See section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:Peephole-Optimizer}
+ See section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Peephole-Optimizer"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-peep-asm
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-peep-asm}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-peep-asm"
\end_inset
Pass the inline assembler code through the peep hole optimizer.
This can cause unexpected changes to inline assembler code, please go through
the peephole optimizer
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Peephole optimizer}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Peephole optimizer"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-opt-code-speed
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-opt-code-speed}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-opt-code-speed"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-opt-code-size
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-opt-code-size}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-opt-code-size"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Other Options
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Options other}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Options other"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-compile-only
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-compile-only}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-compile-only"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-c -\/-compile-only}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-c -\\/-compile-only"
\end_inset
\series bold
-c1mode
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-c1mode}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-c1mode"
\end_inset
\series bold
-E
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-E}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-E"
\end_inset
\series bold
-o\InsetSpace ~
<path/file>
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-o <path/file>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-o <path/file>"
\end_inset
\series default
-The output path where everything will be placed or the file name used for
+ The output path where everything will be placed or the file name used for
all generated output files.
If the parameter is a path, it must have a trailing slash (or backslash
- for the Windows binaries) to be recognized as a path.Note for Windows users:
- if the path contains spaces, it should be surrounded by quotes.
+ for the Windows binaries) to be recognized as a path.
+ Note for Windows users: if the path contains spaces, it should be surrounded
+ by quotes.
The trailing backslash should be doubled in order to prevent escaping the
- final quote, for example:
+ final quote, for example:
\emph on
--o
+-o
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
\emph default
- or put after the final quote, for example:
+ or put after the final quote, for example:
\emph on
--o
+-o
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
\emph default
.
The path using slashes for directory delimiters can be used too, for example:
+
\emph on
--o
+-o
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
\end_inset
-stack-auto
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-stack-auto}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-stack-auto"
\end_inset
\series default
-All functions in the source file will be compiled as
+\size large
+
+\size default
+All functions in the source file will be compiled as
\emph on
reentrant
\emph default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{reentrant}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "reentrant"
\end_inset
, i.e.
the parameters and local variables will be allocated on the stack
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{stack}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "stack"
\end_inset
.
- See section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:Parameters-and-Local-Variables}
+ See section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Parameters-and-Local-Variables"
\end_inset
\series default
-float-reent.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout List
\end_inset
-callee-saves
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-callee-saves}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-callee-saves"
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{lyx:--callee-saves-function1[,function2][,function3]...}
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "lyx:--callee-saves-function1[,function2][,function3]..."
\end_inset
code will be generated at the entry and exit (function prologue
\series bold
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{function prologue}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "function prologue"
\end_inset
and epilogue
\series bold
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{function epilogue}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "function epilogue"
\end_inset
-callee-saves option string.
Also see #pragma\InsetSpace ~
-callee_saves
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma callee\_saves}
+callee_saves
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma callee\\_saves"
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \vpageref{ite:callee_saves-function1[,function2[,function3...]]--}
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand vpageref
+reference "ite:callee_saves-function1[,function2[,function3...]]--"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-all-callee-saves
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-all-callee-saves}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-all-callee-saves"
\end_inset
\series default
-Function of-
+ Function of -
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
-debug
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-debug}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-debug"
\end_inset
-
+
\series default
When this option is used the compiler will generate debug information.
The debug information collected in a file with .cdb extension can be used
with the SDCDB.
For more information see documentation for SDCDB.
Another file with no extension contains debug information in AOMF or AOMF51
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{AOMF, AOMF51}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "AOMF, AOMF51"
\end_inset
\series bold
-S
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-S}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-S"
\end_inset
\series default
+\size large
+
+\size default
Stop after the stage of compilation proper; do not assemble.
The output is an assembler code file for the input file specified.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-int-long-reent
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-int-long-reent}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-int-long-reent"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-cyclomatic
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-cyclomatic}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-cyclomatic"
\end_inset
-
+
\series default
This option will cause the compiler to generate an information message for
each function in the source file.
- The message contains some
+ The message contains some
\emph on
important
\emph default
information about the function.
The number of edges and nodes the compiler detected in the control flow
- graph of the function, and most importantly the
+ graph of the function, and most importantly the
\emph on
cyclomatic complexity
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Cyclomatic complexity}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Cyclomatic complexity"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-float-reent
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-float-reent}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-float-reent"
\end_inset
\series default
Floating point library is compiled as reentrant
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{reentrant}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "reentrant"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-funsigned-char
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-funsigned-char}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-funsigned-char"
\end_inset
\series default
- The default signedness for every type is
+ The default signedness for every type is
\family typewriter
- signed
+signed
\family default
.
- In some embedded environments the default signedness of
+ In some embedded environments the default signedness of
\family typewriter
- char
+char
\family default
- is
+ is
\family typewriter
- unsigned
+unsigned
\family default
.
To set the signess for characters to unsigned, use the option -
\end_inset
-main-return
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-main-return}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-main-return"
\end_inset
This option results in slightly smaller code and saves two bytes of stack
space.
The return from the 'main'
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{main return}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "main return"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-nostdinc
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-nostdinc}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-nostdinc"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-nostdlib
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-nostdlib}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-nostdlib"
\end_inset
\series default
This will prevent the compiler from passing on the default library
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Libraries}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Libraries"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-verbose
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-verbose}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-verbose"
\end_inset
\series bold
-V
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-V}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-V"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-no-c-code-in-asm
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-no-c-code-in-asm}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-no-c-code-in-asm"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-fverbose-asm
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-no-gen-comments}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-no-gen-comments"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-no-peep-comments
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-no-peep-comments}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-no-peep-comments"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-i-code-in-asm
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-i-code-in-asm}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-i-code-in-asm"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-less-pedantic
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{pedantic}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "pedantic"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-less-pedantic}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-less-pedantic"
\end_inset
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{lyx:--less-pedantic}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "lyx:--less-pedantic"
\end_inset
Disable some of the more pedantic warnings
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Warnings}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Warnings"
\end_inset
.
- For more details, see the less_pedantic pragma
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \vpageref{ite:less_pedantic}
+ For more details, see the less_pedantic pragma
+\begin_inset LatexCommand vpageref
+reference "ite:less_pedantic"
\end_inset
-disable-warning\InsetSpace ~
<nnnn>
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-disable-warning}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-disable-warning"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-Werror
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-Werror}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-Werror"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-print-search-dirs
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-print-search-dirs}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-print-search-dirs"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-vc
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-vc}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-vc"
\end_inset
\series default
Display errors and warnings using MSVC style, so you can use SDCC with
the visual studio IDE
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{IDE}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "IDE"
\end_inset
.
With SDCC both offering a GCC-like (the default) and a MSVC-like
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{MSVC output style}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "MSVC output style"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-use-stdout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-use-stdout}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-use-stdout"
\end_inset
asmOption[,asmOption]
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-Wa asmOption[,asmOption]}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-Wa asmOption[,asmOption]"
\end_inset
...
Pass the asmOption to the assembler
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Options assembler}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Options assembler"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Assembler options}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Assembler options"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-std-sdcc89
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-std-sdcc89}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-std-sdcc89"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-std-c89
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-std-c89}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-std-c89"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-std-sdcc99
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-std-sdcc99}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-std-sdcc99"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-std-c99
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-std-sdcc99}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-std-sdcc99"
\end_inset
-codeseg
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-codeseg <Value>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-codeseg <Value>"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "lyx:-codeseg"
\end_inset
\InsetSpace ~
<Name> The name to be used for the code
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{code}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "code"
\end_inset
-constseg
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-constseg <Value>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-constseg <Value>"
\end_inset
\InsetSpace ~
<Name> The name to be used for the const
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{const}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "const"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-fdollars-in-identifiers
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-fdollars-in-identifiers}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-fdollars-in-identifiers"
\end_inset
-more-pedantic
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-more-pedantic}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-more-pedantic"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{pedantic}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "pedantic"
\end_inset
- Actually this is
+ Actually this is
\series bold
\emph on
not
\series default
\emph default
- a SDCC compiler option but if you want
+ a SDCC compiler option but if you want
\emph on
more
\emph default
warnings you can use a separate tool dedicated to syntax checking like
splint
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{lyx:more-pedantic-SPLINT}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "lyx:more-pedantic-SPLINT"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{lint (syntax checking tool)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "lint (syntax checking tool)"
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.splint.org}
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://www.splint.org"
\end_inset
.
To make your source files parseable by splint you will have to include
+
\family sans
lint.h
\family default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{splint (syntax checking tool)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "splint (syntax checking tool)"
\end_inset
- in your source file and add brackets around extended keywords (like
+ in your source file and add brackets around extended keywords (like
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\family default
- and
+ and
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\family default
).
+
\newline
-Splint has an excellent on line manual at
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.splint.org/manual/}
+Splint has an excellent on line manual at
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://www.splint.org/manual/"
\end_inset
and it's capabilities go beyond pure syntax checking.
You'll need to tell splint the location of SDCC's include files so a typical
- command line could look like this:
+ command line could look like this:
\newline
\family sans
-short-is-8bits
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-short-is-8bits}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-short-is-8bits"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{lyx:--short-is-8bits}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "lyx:--short-is-8bits"
\end_inset
Treat short as 8-bit (for backward compatibility with older versions of
- compiler - see section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:Compatibility-with-previous}
+ compiler - see section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Compatibility-with-previous"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Intermediate Dump Options
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:Intermediate-Dump-Options}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Intermediate-Dump-Options"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Options intermediate dump}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Options intermediate dump"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Intermediate dump options}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Intermediate dump options"
\end_inset
The following options are provided for the purpose of retargetting and debugging
the compiler.
They provide a means to dump the intermediate code (iCode
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{iCode}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "iCode"
\end_inset
) generated by the compiler in human readable form at various stages of
the compilation process.
- More on iCodes see chapter
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:The-anatomy-of}
+ More on iCodes see chapter
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:The-anatomy-of"
\end_inset
-
+
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
\end_inset
-dumpraw
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-dumpraw}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-dumpraw"
\end_inset
\series default
This option will cause the compiler to dump the intermediate code into
- a file of named
+ a file of named
\emph on
<source filename>.dumpraw
\emph default
just after the intermediate code has been generated for a function, i.e.
before any optimizations are done.
The basic blocks
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Basic blocks}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Basic blocks"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-dumpgcse
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-dumpgcse}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-dumpgcse"
\end_inset
\series default
Will create a dump of iCodes, after global subexpression elimination
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Global subexpression elimination}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Global subexpression elimination"
\end_inset
-, into a file named
+, into a file named
\emph on
<source filename>.dumpgcse.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-dumpdeadcode
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-dumpdeadcode}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-dumpdeadcode"
\end_inset
\series default
Will create a dump of iCodes, after deadcode elimination
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Dead-code elimination}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Dead-code elimination"
\end_inset
-, into a file named
+, into a file named
\emph on
<source filename>.dumpdeadcode.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-dumploop
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-dumploop}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-dumploop"
\end_inset
\series default
+\size large
+
+\size default
Will create a dump of iCodes, after loop optimizations
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Loop optimization}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Loop optimization"
\end_inset
-, into a file named
+, into a file named
\emph on
<source filename>.dumploop.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-dumprange
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-dumprange}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-dumprange"
\end_inset
\series default
+\size large
+
+\size default
Will create a dump of iCodes, after live range analysis
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Live range analysis}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Live range analysis"
\end_inset
-, into a file named
+, into a file named
\emph on
<source filename>.dumprange.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-dumlrange
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-dumlrange}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-dumlrange"
\end_inset
\series default
Will dump the life ranges
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Live range analysis}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Live range analysis"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-dumpregassign
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-dumpregassign}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-dumpregassign"
\end_inset
-
+
\series default
Will create a dump of iCodes, after register assignment
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Register assignment}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Register assignment"
\end_inset
-, into a file named
+, into a file named
\emph on
<source filename>.dumprassgn.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-dumplrange
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-dumplrange}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-dumplrange"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-dumpall
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-dumpall}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-dumpall"
\end_inset
+\size large
+
\series default
+\size default
Will cause all the above mentioned dumps to be created.
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-By default SDCC writes its error messages to
+By default SDCC writes its error messages to
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
\end_inset
.
- To force all messages to
+ To force all messages to
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
- use
+ use
\series bold
-
\series default
-
\series default
use-stdout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-use-stdout}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-use-stdout"
\end_inset
\emph default
-vc
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-vc}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-vc"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Environment variables
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Environment variables}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Environment variables"
\end_inset
\series bold
SDCC_LEAVE_SIGNALS
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{SDCC\_LEAVE\_SIGNALS}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "SDCC\\_LEAVE\\_SIGNALS"
\end_inset
\series default
SDCC installs a signal handler
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{signal handler}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "signal handler"
\end_inset
TMP,\InsetSpace ~
TEMP,\InsetSpace ~
TMPDIR
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{TMP, TEMP, TMPDIR}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "TMP, TEMP, TMPDIR"
\end_inset
\series bold
SDCC_HOME
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{SDCC\_HOME}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "SDCC\\_HOME"
\end_inset
\series default
- Path, see section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:Install-paths}
+ Path, see section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Install-paths"
\end_inset
\series bold
SDCC_INCLUDE
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{SDCC\_INCLUDE}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "SDCC\\_INCLUDE"
\end_inset
\series default
- Path, see section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:Search-Paths}
+ Path, see section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Search-Paths"
\end_inset
\series bold
SDCC_LIB
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{SDCC\_LIB}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "SDCC\\_LIB"
\end_inset
\series default
- Path, see section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:Search-Paths}
+ Path, see section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Search-Paths"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
MCS51/DS390 Storage Class
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Storage class}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Storage class"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsubsection
data
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{data (mcs51, ds390 storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "data (mcs51, ds390 storage class)"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_data (mcs51, ds390 storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_data (mcs51, ds390 storage class)"
\end_inset
/ near
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{near (storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "near (storage class)"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_near (storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_near (storage class)"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-This is the
+This is the
\series bold
default
\series default
\emph on
data
\emph default
- and
+ and
\emph on
near
\emph default
- or the more ANSI-C compliant forms
+ or the more ANSI-C compliant forms
\emph on
__data
\emph default
- and
+ and
\emph on
__near
\emph default
\begin_layout Subsubsection
xdata
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{xdata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "xdata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_xdata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_xdata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)"
\end_inset
/ far
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{far (storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "far (storage class)"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_far (storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_far (storage class)"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Variables declared with this storage class will be placed in the external
RAM.
- This is the
+ This is the
\series bold
default
\series default
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-dptr,#_test_xdata
+dptr,#_test_xdata
\newline
74\InsetSpace ~
01\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-a,#0x01
+a,#0x01
\newline
F0\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
movx\InsetSpace ~
-@dptr,a
+@dptr,a
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
idata
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{idata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "idata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_idata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_idata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)"
\end_inset
The original 8051 had 128 byte idata memory, nowadays most devices have
256 byte idata memory.
The stack
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{stack}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "stack"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsubsection
pdata
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{pdata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "pdata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_pdata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_pdata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)"
\end_inset
256 bytes.
The following example writes 0x01 to the pdata variable.
Please note, pdata access physically accesses xdata memory.
- The high byte of the address is determined by port P2
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{P2 (mcs51 sfr)}
+ The high byte of the address is determined by port P2
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "P2 (mcs51 sfr)"
\end_inset
(or in case of some 8051 variants by a separate Special Function Register,
- see section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:MCS51-variants}
+ see section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:MCS51-variants"
\end_inset
).
- This is the
+ This is the
\series bold
default
\series default
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-mov a,#0x01
+mov a,#0x01
\newline
F2\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\end_inset
-xstack
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-xstack}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-xstack"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsubsection
code
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{code}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "code"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_code}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_code"
\end_inset
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-movc a,@a+dptr
+movc a,@a+dptr
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-__code char test_array[] = {'c','h','e','a','p'};
+__code char test_array[] = {'c','h','e','a','p'};
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-mov a,_index
+mov a,_index
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-movc a,@a+dptr
+movc a,@a+dptr
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
bit
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{bit}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "bit"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_bit}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_bit"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The bit addressable memory consists of 128 bits which are located from 0x20
to 0x2f in data memory.
+
\newline
-Apart from this 8051 specific storage class most
- architectures support ANSI-C bitfields
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{bitfields}
+Apart from this 8051 specific storage class most architectures support
+ ANSI-C bitfields
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "bitfields"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsubsection
sfr
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{sfr}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "sfr"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_sfr}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_sfr"
\end_inset
/ sfr16
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{sfr16}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "sfr16"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_sfr16}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_sfr16"
\end_inset
/ sfr32
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{sfr32}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "sfr32"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_sfr32}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_sfr32"
\end_inset
/ sbit
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_sbit}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_sbit"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{sbit}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "sbit"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Like the bit keyword,
+Like the bit keyword,
\emph on
sfr / sfr16 / sfr32 / sbit
\emph default
-signify both a data-type and storage class, they are used to describe the
+ signify both a data-type and storage class, they are used to describe the
+
\emph on
s
\emph default
-pecial
+pecial
\emph on
f
\emph default
-unction
+unction
\emph on
r
\emph default
-egisters and
+egisters and
\emph on
s
\emph default
-pecial
+pecial
\emph on
bit
\emph default
\family typewriter
__sfr __at
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{at}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "at"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_at}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_at"
\end_inset
\newline
__sbit __at
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{at}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "at"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_at}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_at"
\end_inset
(0xd7) CY;\InsetSpace ~
/* CY (Carry Flag
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Flags}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Flags"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Carry flag}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Carry flag"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Special function registers which are located on an address dividable by
- 8 are bit-addressable, an
+ 8 are bit-addressable, an
\emph on
- sbit
+sbit
\emph default
addresses a specific bit within these sfr.
\newline
16 Bit and 32 bit special function
register combinations which require a certain access order are better not
- declared using
+ declared using
\emph on
sfr16
\emph default
- or
+ or
\emph on
sfr32.
\begin_layout Standard
Please note, if you use a header file which was written for another compiler
then the sfr / sfr16 / sfr32 / sbit Storage Class extensions will most
- likely be
+ likely be
\emph on
not
\emph default
-compatible.
- Specifically the syntax
+ compatible.
+ Specifically the syntax
\family typewriter
\InsetSpace ~
sfr P0 = 0x80;\InsetSpace ~
\family default
- is compiled
+ is compiled
\emph on
without warning
\emph default
- by SDCC to an assignment of 0x80 to a variable called P0
+ by SDCC to an assignment of 0x80 to a variable called P0
\family typewriter
\begin_inset Marginal
\end_inset
.
+
\family default
+
+\series bold
Nevertheless it is possible to write header files
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Header files}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Header files"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Include files}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Include files"
\end_inset
- which can be shared among different compilers (see section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:Porting-code-to-other-compilers}
+ which can be shared among different compilers (see section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Porting-code-to-other-compilers"
\end_inset
).
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Pointers
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Pointer}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Pointer"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
SDCC allows (via language extensions) pointers to explicitly point to any
of the memory spaces
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Memory model}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Memory model"
\end_inset
\family typewriter
/* pointer physically in internal ram pointing to object in external ram
- */
+ */
\newline
__xdata unsigned char * __data p;
\newline
\newline
/* pointer physically in external ram
- pointing to object in internal ram */
+ pointing to object in internal ram */
\newline
__data unsigned char * __xdata p;
\newline
\newline
/*
- pointer physically in code rom pointing to data in xdata space */
+ pointer physically in code rom pointing to data in xdata space */
\newline
__xdata
unsigned char * __code p;
\newline
/* pointer physically in code space pointing to
- data in code space */
+ data in code space */
\newline
__code unsigned char * __code p;
\newline
\newline
/*
the following is a function pointer
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{function pointer}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "function pointer"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Well you get the idea.
+
\newline
\newline
-All unqualified pointers are treated as 3-byte (4-byte
- for the ds390)
+All unqualified pointers are treated as 3-byte (4-byte for the ds390)
\emph on
generic
\emph default
pointers.
+
\size small
\newline
\newline
\size default
-The highest order byte of the
+The highest order byte of the
\emph on
generic
\emph default
pointers contains the data space information.
Assembler support routines are called whenever data is stored or retrieved
- using
+ using
\emph on
generic
\emph default
pointers.
These are useful for developing reusable library
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Libraries}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Libraries"
\end_inset
routines.
Explicitly specifying the pointer
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{pointer}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "pointer"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Notes on MCS51 memory
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{MCS51 memory}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "MCS51 memory"
\end_inset
\newline
- Bytes 00-1F - 32 bytes to hold
- up to 4 banks of the registers R0 to R7,
+ up to 4 banks of the registers R0 to R7,
\newline
- Bytes 20-2F - 16 bytes to hold
128 bit
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{bit}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "bit"
\end_inset
- variables and,
+ variables and,
\newline
- Bytes 30-7F - 80 bytes for general purpose use.
\newline
idata
\emph default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{idata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "idata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_idata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_idata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)"
\end_inset
xdata
\emph default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{xdata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "xdata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_xdata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_xdata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)"
\end_inset
data
\emph default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{data (mcs51, ds390 storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "data (mcs51, ds390 storage class)"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_data (mcs51, ds390 storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_data (mcs51, ds390 storage class)"
\end_inset
).
- Sometimes this built in
+ Sometimes this built in
\emph on
xdata
\emph default
memory has to be activated before using it (you can probably find this
information on the datasheet of the microcontroller your are using, see
- also section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:Startup-Code}
+ also section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Startup-Code"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Normally SDCC will only use the first bank
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{register bank (mcs51, ds390)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "register bank (mcs51, ds390)"
\end_inset
of registers (register bank 0), but it is possible to specify that other
- banks of registers (keyword
+ banks of registers (keyword
\emph on
using
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{using (mcs51, ds390 register bank)}
+\emph default
+
+\emph on
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "using (mcs51, ds390 register bank)"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_using (mcs51, ds390 register bank)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_using (mcs51, ds390 register bank)"
\end_inset
\emph default
) should be used for example in interrupt
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{interrupt}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "interrupt"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_interrupt}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_interrupt"
\end_inset
By default, the compiler will place the stack after the last byte of allocated
memory for variables.
For example, if the first 2 banks of registers are used, and only four
- bytes are used for
+ bytes are used for
\emph on
data
\emph default
variables, it will position the base of the internal stack at address 20
(0x14).
This implies that as the stack
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{stack}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "stack"
\end_inset
If any bit variables are used, the data variables will be placed in unused
register banks and after the byte holding the last bit variable.
For example, if register banks 0 and 1 are used, and there are 9 bit variables
- (two bytes used),
+ (two bytes used),
\emph on
data
\emph default
\end_inset
-data-loc
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-data-loc <Value>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-data-loc <Value>"
\end_inset
- to specify the start address of the
+ to specify the start address of the
\emph on
data
\emph default
\end_inset
-iram-size
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-iram-size <Value>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-iram-size <Value>"
\end_inset
idata
\emph default
).
+
\newline
\end_layout
\end_inset
-stack-loc
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-stack-loc <Value>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-stack-loc <Value>"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-xdata-loc
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-xdata-loc<Value>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-xdata-loc<Value>"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-xram-size
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-xram-size <Value>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-xram-size <Value>"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-code-loc
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-code-loc <Value>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-code-loc <Value>"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-code-size
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-code-size <Value>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-code-size <Value>"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The linker generates two files with memory allocation information.
The first, with extension .map
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{<file>.map}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "<file>.map"
\end_inset
shows all the variables and segments.
The second with extension .mem
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{<file>.mem}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "<file>.mem"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Z80/Z180 Storage Class
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Z80!Storage class}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Z80!Storage class"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsubsection
sfr
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{sfr}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "sfr"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_sfr}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_sfr"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The Z80
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Z80}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Z80"
\end_inset
- family has separate address spaces for memory and
+ family has separate address spaces for memory and
\emph on
i
\emph default
\emph default
utput memory.
I/O memory
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{I/O memory (Z80, Z180)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "I/O memory (Z80, Z180)"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Z80!I/O memory}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Z80!I/O memory"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Z180!I/O memory}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Z180!I/O memory"
\end_inset
sfr at 0x78 IoPort;\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
/* define a var in I/O space at 78h called IoPort */
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-out (_IoPort),a
+out (_IoPort),a
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
banked sfr
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{sfr}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "sfr"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_sfr}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_sfr"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The keyword
+The keyword
\emph on
banked
\emph default
\family typewriter
sfr banked at
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{at}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "at"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_at}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_at"
\end_inset
- 0x123 IoPort;
+ 0x123 IoPort;
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-ld a,#0x01
+ld a,#0x01
\newline
ED 79\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-out (c),a
+out (c),a
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
sfr
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{sfr}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "sfr"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_sfr}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_sfr"
\end_inset
(in0/out0 to 8 bit addresses on Z180
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Z180}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Z180"
\end_inset
/HD64180
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{HD64180 (see Z180)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "HD64180 (see Z180)"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-portmode
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Z180!Options!-\/-portmode}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Z180!Options!-\\/-portmode"
\end_inset
=180 (80) and a compiler #pragma\InsetSpace ~
portmode
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Z180!Pragmas!\#pragma portmode}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Z180!Pragmas!\\#pragma portmode"
\end_inset
z180 (z80) is used to turn on (off) the Z180/HD64180 port addressing instructio
-ns
+ns
\family typewriter
in0/out0
\family default
- instead of
+ instead of
\family typewriter
in/out
\family default
\begin_layout Subsection
HC08 Storage Class
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{HC08!Storage class}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "HC08!Storage class"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsubsection
data
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{data (hc08 storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "data (hc08 storage class)"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_data (hc08 storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_data (hc08 storage class)"
\end_inset
-
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The data storage class declares a variable that resides in the first 256
bytes of memory (the direct page).
The HC08
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{HC08}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "HC08"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsubsection
xdata
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{xdata (hc08 storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "xdata (hc08 storage class)"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_xdata (hc08 storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_xdata (hc08 storage class)"
\end_inset
-
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The xdata storage class declares a variable that can reside anywhere in
memory.
This is the default if no storage class is specified.
+
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Other SDCC language extensions
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Other SDCC language extensions"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Binary constants
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC supports the use of binary constants, such as 0b01100010.
+ This feature is only enabled when the compiler is invoked using --std-sdccxx.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Absolute Addressing
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Absolute addressing}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Absolute addressing"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Data items can be assigned an absolute address with the
+Data items can be assigned an absolute address with the
\emph on
at
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{at}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "at"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_at}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_at"
\end_inset
\family typewriter
xdata
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{xdata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "xdata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_xdata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_xdata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)"
\end_inset
at
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{at}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "at"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_at}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_at"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
In the above example the variable chksum will be located at 0x7ffe and 0x7fff
of the external ram.
- The compiler does
+ The compiler does
\emph on
not
\emph default
Thus it is left to the programmer to make sure there are no overlaps with
other variables that are declared without the absolute address.
The assembler listing file (.lst
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{<file>.lst}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "<file>.lst"
\end_inset
) and the linker output files (.rst
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{<file>.rst}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "<file>.rst"
\end_inset
) and (.map
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{<file>.map}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "<file>.map"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
If however you provide an initializer
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Variable initialization}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Variable initialization"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-__code __at (0x7ff0) char Id[5] =
+__code __at (0x7ff0) char Id[5] =
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In case of memory mapped I/O devices the keyword
+In case of memory mapped I/O devices the keyword
\emph on
volatile
\emph default
\family typewriter
volatile
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{volatile}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "volatile"
\end_inset
__xdata
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{xdata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "xdata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)"
\end_inset
__at
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{at}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "at"
\end_inset
\family typewriter
\size footnotesize
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Aligned array}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Aligned array"
\end_inset
\family default
\size default
starts at a block (256 byte) boundary
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{block boundary}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "block boundary"
\end_inset
- (section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:A-Step-by Assembler Introduction}
+ (section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:A-Step-by Assembler Introduction"
\end_inset
\family typewriter
__bit
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{bit}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "bit"
\end_inset
__at
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{at}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "at"
\end_inset
\family typewriter
extern volatile
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{volatile}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "volatile"
\end_inset
*/
\newline
unsigned char spi_io(unsigned char out_byte)
+
\newline
-{
+{
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-un
-signed char i=8;
+unsigned char i=8;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-do {
+do {
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-MOSI = out_byte & 0x80;
+MOSI = out_byte & 0x80;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-MCLK = 1;
+MCLK =
+ 1;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-/* _asm
- nop _endasm; */\InsetSpace ~
+/* _asm nop _endasm; */\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-if(MISO)
+if(MISO)
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-out_byte += 1;
+out_byte +=
+ 1;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-MCLK = 0;
+MCLK = 0;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-}
- while(--i);
+} while(--i);
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-return out_byte;
+return out_byte;
\newline
}
\end_layout
\family typewriter
__bit __at
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{at}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "at"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_at}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_at"
\end_inset
I/O port 1, bit 1 */
\newline
__bit
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{bit}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "bit"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Parameters
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Parameters}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Parameters"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{function parameter}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "function parameter"
\end_inset
& Local Variables
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{local variables}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "local variables"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:Parameters-and-Local-Variables}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Parameters-and-Local-Variables"
\end_inset
on the stack or in data-space.
The default action of the compiler is to place these variables in the internal
RAM (for small model) or external RAM (for medium or large model).
- This in fact makes them similar to
+ This in fact makes them similar to
\emph on
static
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{static}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "static"
\end_inset
\emph default
so by default functions are non-reentrant
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{reentrant}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "reentrant"
\end_inset
.
+
\newline
\newline
They can be placed on the stack
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{stack}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "stack"
\end_inset
- by using the
+ by using the
\emph on
- -
+-
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
-stack-auto
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-stack-auto}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-stack-auto"
\end_inset
\emph default
- option, by using
+ option, by using
\emph on
#pragma\InsetSpace ~
stackauto
\emph default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma stackauto}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma stackauto"
\end_inset
- or by using the
+ or by using the
\emph on
reentrant
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{reentrant}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "reentrant"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-unsigned char foo(char i) __reentrant
+unsigned char foo(char i) __reentrant
\newline
-{
+{
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
...
+
\newline
}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Since stack space on 8051 is limited, the
+Since stack space on 8051 is limited, the
\emph on
reentrant
\emph default
-keyword or the
+ keyword or the
\emph on
- -
+-
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\emph default
option should be used sparingly.
Note that the reentrant keyword just means that the parameters & local
- variables will be allocated to the stack, it
+ variables will be allocated to the stack, it
\emph on
does not
\emph default
mean that the function is register bank
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{register bank (mcs51, ds390)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "register bank (mcs51, ds390)"
\end_inset
\newline
Local variables
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{local variables}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "local variables"
\end_inset
can be assigned storage classes and absolute
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Absolute addressing}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Absolute addressing"
\end_inset
- addresses, e.g.:
+ addresses, e.g.:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-unsigned char foo()
+unsigned char foo()
\newline
{
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
__data __at
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{at}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "at"
\end_inset
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
...
+
\newline
}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In the above example the variable
+In the above example the variable
\emph on
i
\emph default
- will be allocated in the external ram,
+ will be allocated in the external ram,
\emph on
bvar
\emph default
- in bit addressable space and
+ in bit addressable space and
\emph on
- j
+j
\emph default
in internal ram.
- When compiled with
+ When compiled with
\emph on
-
\begin_inset ERT
-stack-auto
\emph default
- or when a function is declared as
+ or when a function is declared as
\emph on
reentrant
\emph default
\begin_layout Standard
Parameters
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{function parameter}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "function parameter"
\end_inset
however are not allowed any storage class
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Storage class}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Storage class"
\end_inset
non-static local bit variables are supported.
Efficient use is limited to 8 semi-bitregisters in bit space.
They are pushed and popped to stack
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{stack}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "stack"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Overlaying
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:Overlaying}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Overlaying"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Overlaying}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Overlaying"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
For non-reentrant
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{reentrant}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "reentrant"
\end_inset
functions SDCC will try to reduce internal ram space usage by overlaying
parameters and local variables of a function (if possible).
Parameters and local variables
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{local variables}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "local variables"
\end_inset
of a function will be allocated to an overlayable segment if the function
- has
+ has
\emph on
no other function calls and the function is non-reentrant and the memory
model
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Memory model}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Memory model"
\end_inset
\emph default
If an explicit storage class
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Storage class}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Storage class"
\end_inset
- is specified for a local variable, it will NOT be overlayed.
+ is specified for a local variable, it will NOT be overlaid.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
should be preceded by a #pragma\InsetSpace ~
nooverlay
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma nooverlay}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma nooverlay"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Parameters and local variables of functions that contain 16 or 32 bit multiplica
tion
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Multiplication}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Multiplication"
\end_inset
or division
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Division}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Division"
\end_inset
- will NOT be overlayed since these are implemented using external functions,
+ will NOT be overlaid since these are implemented using external functions,
e.g.:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-#pragma save
+#pragma save
\newline
#pragma nooverlay
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma nooverlay}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma nooverlay"
\end_inset
-
+
\newline
-void set_error(unsigned char errcd)
+void set_error(unsigned char errcd)
\newline
{
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
P3 = errcd;
\newline
-}
+}
\newline
-#pragma restore
+#pragma restore
\newline
\newline
-void some_isr
- () __interrupt
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{interrupt}
+void
+ some_isr () __interrupt
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "interrupt"
\end_inset
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
...
+
\newline
}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In the above example the parameter
+In the above example the parameter
\emph on
errcd
\emph default
- for the function
+ for the function
\emph on
set_error
\emph default
from an interrupt service routine.
The #pragma\InsetSpace ~
nooverlay ensures that the parameters and local variables for
- the function are NOT overlayed.
+ the function are NOT overlaid.
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Interrupt Service Routines
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:Interrupt-Service-Routines}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Interrupt-Service-Routines"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-SDCC allows
+SDCC allows
\emph on
i
\emph default
-nterrupt
+nterrupt
\emph on
s
\emph default
-ervice
+ervice
\emph on
r
\emph default
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-void timer_isr (void) __interrupt (1) __using (1)
+void timer_isr (void) __interrupt (1) __using (1)
\newline
-{
+{
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
...
+
\newline
}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The optional number following the
+The optional number following the
\emph on
interrupt
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{interrupt}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "interrupt"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_interrupt}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_interrupt"
\end_inset
keyword is the interrupt number this routine will service.
When present, the compiler will insert a call to this routine in the interrupt
vector table
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{interrupt vector table}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "interrupt vector table"
\end_inset
for the interrupt number specified.
If you have multiple source files in your project, interrupt service routines
can be present in any of them, but a prototype of the isr MUST be present
- or included in the file that contains the function
+ or included in the file that contains the function
\emph on
main
\emph default
.
- The optional (8051 specific) keyword
+ The optional (8051 specific) keyword
\emph on
using
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{using (mcs51, ds390 register bank)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "using (mcs51, ds390 register bank)"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_using (mcs51, ds390 register bank)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_using (mcs51, ds390 register bank)"
\end_inset
\emph default
can be used to tell the compiler to use the specified register bank when
generating code for this function.
+
\newline
-Interrupt service routines open the door
- for some very interesting bugs:
+Interrupt service routines open the door for some very interesting bugs:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:Common-interrupt-pitfall-volatile}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Common-interrupt-pitfall-volatile"
\end_inset
-Common interrupt pitfall: variable not declared
+Common interrupt pitfall: variable not declared
\emph on
volatile
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
If an interrupt service routine changes variables which are accessed by
- other functions these variables have to be declared
+ other functions these variables have to be declared
\emph on
volatile
\emph default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{volatile}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "volatile"
\end_inset
.
- See
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatile_variable}
+ See
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatile_variable"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:Common-interrupt-pitfall-non-atomic}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Common-interrupt-pitfall-non-atomic"
\end_inset
-Common interrupt pitfall:
+Common interrupt pitfall:
\emph on
non-atomic access
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If the access to these variables is not
+If the access to these variables is not
\emph on
atomic
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{atomic}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "atomic"
\end_inset
the processor needs more than one instruction for the access and could
be interrupted while accessing the variable) the interrupt must be disabled
during the access to avoid inconsistent data.
+
\newline
-Access to 16 or 32 bit variables
- is obviously not atomic on 8 bit CPUs and should be protected by disabling
- interrupts.
+Access to 16 or 32 bit variables is obviously not atomic on 8 bit CPUs
+ and should be protected by disabling interrupts.
You're not automatically on the safe side if you use 8 bit variables though.
We need an example here: f.e.
- on the 8051 the harmless looking
+ on the 8051 the harmless looking
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
- is not atomic if
+ is not atomic if
\family typewriter
flags
\family default
resides in xdata.
- Setting
+ Setting
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
from within an interrupt routine might get lost if the interrupt occurs
at the wrong time.
+
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
- is not atomic on the 8051 even if
+ is not atomic on the 8051 even if
\family typewriter
counter
\family default
\newline
Bugs like these are hard to reproduce and can
cause a lot of trouble.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:Common-interrupt-pitfall-stack-overflow}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Common-interrupt-pitfall-stack-overflow"
\end_inset
-Common interrupt pitfall:
+Common interrupt pitfall:
\emph on
stack overflow
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The return address and the registers used in the interrupt service routine
are saved on the stack
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{stack}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "stack"
\end_inset
so there must be sufficient stack space.
If there isn't variables or registers (or even the return address itself)
will be corrupted.
- This
+ This
\emph on
stack overflow
\emph default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{stack overflow}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "stack overflow"
\end_inset
- is most likely to happen if the interrupt occurs during the
+ is most likely to happen if the interrupt occurs during the
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:Common-interrupt-pitfall-non-reentrant}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Common-interrupt-pitfall-non-reentrant"
\end_inset
-Common interrupt pitfall:
+Common interrupt pitfall:
\emph on
use of non-reentrant functions
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
A special note here, int (16 bit) and long (32 bit) integer division
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Division}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Division"
\end_inset
, multiplication
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Multiplication}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Multiplication"
\end_inset
& modulus
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Modulus}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Modulus"
\end_inset
and floating-point
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Floating point support}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Floating point support"
\end_inset
operations are implemented using external support routines.
If an interrupt service routine needs to do any of these operations then
the support routines (as mentioned in a following section) will have to
- be recompiled using the
+ be recompiled using the
\emph on
- -
+-
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
-stack-auto
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-stack-auto}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-stack-auto"
\end_inset
\emph default
- option and the source file will need to be compiled using the
+ option and the source file will need to be compiled using the
\emph on
-
\begin_inset ERT
-int-long-reent
\emph default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-int-long-reent}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-int-long-reent"
\end_inset
compiler option.
+
\newline
Note, the type promotion
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{type promotion}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "type promotion"
\end_inset
without the programmer being aware of it.
See f.e.
- the cast
+ the cast
\family typewriter
+\series bold
(unsigned char)(tail-1)
\family default
- within the if clause in section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:A-Step-by Assembler Introduction}
+\series default
+
+\series bold
+within the if clause in section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:A-Step-by Assembler Introduction"
\end_inset
Note that when some function is called from an interrupt service routine
it should be preceded by a #pragma\InsetSpace ~
nooverlay
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma nooverlay}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma nooverlay"
\end_inset
while the interrupt service routine might be active.
They also must not be called from low priority interrupt service routines
while a high priority interrupt service routine might be active.
- You could use semaphores or make the function
+ You could use semaphores or make the function
\emph on
- critical
+critical
\emph default
if all parameters are passed in registers.
\newline
- Also see section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:Overlaying}
+ Also see section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Overlaying"
\end_inset
\InsetSpace ~
-about Overlaying and section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:Functions-using-private-banks}
+about Overlaying and section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Functions-using-private-banks"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Interrupt
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{interrupt}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "interrupt"
\end_inset
numbers and the corresponding address & descriptions for the Standard 8051/8052
are listed below.
- SDCC will automatically adjust the
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{interrupt vector table}
+ SDCC will automatically adjust the
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "interrupt vector table"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If the interrupt service routine is defined without
+If the interrupt service routine is defined without
\emph on
using
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{using (mcs51, ds390 register bank)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "using (mcs51, ds390 register bank)"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_using (mcs51, ds390 register bank)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_using (mcs51, ds390 register bank)"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
If the interrupt service routine is defined to be using a specific register
- bank then only
+ bank then only
\emph on
a, b, dptr
\emph default
& psw are saved and restored, if such an interrupt service routine calls
another function (using another register bank) then the entire register
bank of the called function will be saved on the stack
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{stack}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "stack"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
HC08
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{HC08}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "HC08"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Since the number of interrupts
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{HC08!interrupt}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "HC08!interrupt"
\end_inset
For example, interrupt 1 will use the interrupt vector at 0xfffc, interrupt
2 will use the interrupt vector at 0xfffa, and so on.
However, interrupt 0 (the reset vector at 0xfffe) is not redefinable in
- this way; instead see section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:Startup-Code}
+ this way; instead see section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Startup-Code"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The Z80
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Z80}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Z80"
\end_inset
uses several different methods for determining the correct interrupt
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Z80!interrupt}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Z80!interrupt"
\end_inset
By default, SDCC generates code for a maskable interrupt, which uses a RETI
instruction to return from the interrupt.
To write an interrupt handler for the non-maskable interrupt, which needs
- a RETN instruction instead, add the
+ a RETN instruction instead, add the
\emph on
critical
\emph default
\family typewriter
void nmi_isr (void) critical interrupt
\newline
-{
+{
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
...
+
\newline
}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
However if you need to create a non-interruptable interrupt service routine
- you would also require the
+ you would also require the
\emph on
critical
\emph default
\begin_layout Standard
A special keyword may be associated with a block or a function declaring
- it as
+ it as
\emph on
critical
\emph default
.
SDCC will generate code to disable all interrupts
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{interrupt}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "interrupt"
\end_inset
upon entry to a critical function and restore the interrupt enable to the
previous state before returning.
Nesting critical functions will need one additional byte on the stack
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{stack}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "stack"
\end_inset
\family typewriter
int foo () __critical
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{critical}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "critical"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_critical}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_critical"
\end_inset
-
+
\newline
-{
+{
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
...
+
\newline
}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The critical attribute maybe used with other attributes like
+The critical attribute maybe used with other attributes like
\emph on
reentrant.
\emph default
\newline
-The keyword
+The keyword
\emph on
critical
\emph default
\begin_layout Standard
Interrupts
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{interrupt}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "interrupt"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-On other architectures which have seperate opcodes for enabling and disabling
+On other architectures which have separate opcodes for enabling and disabling
interrupts you might want to make use of defines with inline assembly
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Assembler routines}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Assembler routines"
\end_inset
(HC08
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{HC08!interrupt}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "HC08!interrupt"
\end_inset
\family typewriter
#define CLI _asm
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_asm}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_asm"
\end_inset
cli\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
_endasm
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_endasm}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_endasm"
\end_inset
-;
+;
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
\InsetSpace ~
sei\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-_endasm;
+_endasm;
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
\begin_layout Standard
Note: it is sometimes sufficient to disable only a specific interrupt source
like f.e.
- a timer or serial interrupt by manipulating an
+ a timer or serial interrupt by manipulating an
\emph on
interrupt mask
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{interrupt mask}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "interrupt mask"
\end_inset
\emph default
register.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Usually the time during which interrupts are disabled should be kept as
short as possible.
- This minimizes both
+ This minimizes both
\emph on
interrupt latency
\emph default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{interrupt latency}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "interrupt latency"
\end_inset
(the time between the occurrence of the interrupt and the execution of
- the first code in the interrupt routine) and
+ the first code in the interrupt routine) and
\emph on
interrupt jitter
\emph default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{interrupt jitter}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "interrupt jitter"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
You can reenable interrupts within an interrupt routine and on some architecture
-s you can make use of two (or more) levels of
+s you can make use of two (or more) levels of
\emph on
interrupt priorities
\emph default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{interrupt priority}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "interrupt priority"
\end_inset
be implemented by manipulating the interrupt mask and reenabling interrupts
within the interrupt routine.
Check there is sufficient space on the stack
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{stack}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "stack"
\end_inset
and don't add complexity unless you have to.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Semaphore
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{semaphore}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "semaphore"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Some architectures (mcs51/ds390) have an atomic
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{atomic}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "atomic"
\end_inset
- bit test andclearinstruction.
+ bit test and clear instruction.
These type of instructions are typically used in preemptive multitasking
systems, where a routine f.e.
claims the use of a data structure ('acquires a lock
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{lock}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "lock"
\end_inset
The instruction may also be used if interrupt and non-interrupt code have
to compete for a resource.
With the atomic bit test and clear instruction interrupts
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{interrupt}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "interrupt"
\end_inset
don't have to be disabled for the locking operation.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family typewriter
volatile
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{volatile}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "volatile"
\end_inset
- bit resource_is_free;
+ bit resource_is_free;
\newline
\newline
-if (resource_is_free)
+if (resource_is_free)
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-{
+{
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-resource_is_free=0;
+resource_is_free=0;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-resource_is_free=
-1;
+resource_is_free=1;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-}
+}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Note, mcs51 and ds390 support only an atomic
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{atomic}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "atomic"
\end_inset
- bit test and
+ bit test and
\emph on
clear
\emph default
- instruction (as opposed to atomic bit test and
+ instruction (as opposed to atomic bit test and
\emph on
set).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Functions using private register banks
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:Functions-using-private-banks}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Functions-using-private-banks"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Some architectures have support for quickly changing register sets.
- SDCC supports this feature with the
+ SDCC supports this feature with the
\emph on
using
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{using (mcs51, ds390 register bank)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "using (mcs51, ds390 register bank)"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_using (mcs51, ds390 register bank)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_using (mcs51, ds390 register bank)"
\end_inset
\emph default
attribute (which tells the compiler to use a register bank
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{register bank (mcs51, ds390)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "register bank (mcs51, ds390)"
\end_inset
other than the default bank zero).
- It should only be applied to
+ It should only be applied to
\emph on
interrupt
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{interrupt}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "interrupt"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The
+The
\emph on
using
\emph default
- attribute will have no effect on the generated code for a
+ attribute will have no effect on the generated code for a
\emph on
non-interrupt
\emph default
\emph on
(pending: Note, nowadays the
\emph default
-using
+ using
\emph on
- attribute has an effect onthe generated code for a
+attribute has an effect on
\emph default
-non-interrupt
+
\emph on
- function
+the generated code for a
+\emph default
+ non-interrupt
+\emph on
+function
\emph default
.
\emph on
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-An
+An
\emph on
interrupt
\emph default
function using a non-zero bank will assume that it can trash that register
bank, and will not save it.
Since high-priority interrupts
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{interrupts}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "interrupts"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{interrupt priority}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "interrupt priority"
\end_inset
can interrupt low-priority ones on the 8051 and friends, this means that
- if a high-priority ISR
+ if a high-priority ISR
\emph on
using
\emph default
- a particular bank occurs while processing a low-priority ISR
+ a particular bank occurs while processing a low-priority ISR
\emph on
using
\emph default
the same bank, terrible and bad things can happen.
- To prevent this, no single register bank should be
+ To prevent this, no single register bank should be
\emph on
used
\emph default
called functions use bank zero.
It is very inefficient to call a function using a different, non-zero bank
from an ISR.
+
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Startup Code
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:Startup-Code}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Startup-Code"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Startup code}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Startup code"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The compiler triggers the linker to link certain initialization modules
from the runtime library
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Runtime library}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Runtime library"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-One of these modules (crtstart.asm) contains a call to the C routine
+One of these modules (crtstart.asm) contains a call to the C routine
\emph on
_sdcc_external_startup()
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_sdcc\_external\_startup()}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_sdcc\\_external\\_startup()"
\end_inset
\emph default
-at the start of the CODE area.
+ at the start of the CODE area.
This routine is also in the runtime library
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Runtime library}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Runtime library"
\end_inset
initialization will be skipped and the function main will be invoked.
Otherwise static & global variables will be initialized before the function
main is invoked.
- You could add an
+ You could add an
\emph on
_sdcc_external_startup()
\emph default
routine to your program to override the default if you need to setup hardware
or perform some other critical operation prior to static & global variable
initialization
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Variable initialization}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Variable initialization"
\end_inset
.
On some mcs51 variants xdata
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{xdata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "xdata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)"
\end_inset
memory has to be explicitly enabled before it can be accessed or if the
watchdog
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{watchdog}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "watchdog"
\end_inset
needs to be disabled, this is the place to do it.
The startup code clears all internal data memory, 256 bytes by default,
- but from 0 to n-1 if
+ but from 0 to n-1 if
\emph on
-
\begin_inset ERT
\end_inset
-iram-size
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-iram-size <Value>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-iram-size <Value>"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-See also the compiler options
+See also the compiler options
\emph on
-
\begin_inset ERT
opt
\emph default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-no-xinit-opt}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-no-xinit-opt"
\end_inset
-,
+,
\emph on
-
\begin_inset ERT
-main-return
\emph default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-main-return}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-main-return"
\end_inset
- and section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:MCS51-variants}
+ and section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:MCS51-variants"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
While these initialization modules are meant as generic startup code there
might be the need for customization.
- Let's assume the return value of
+ Let's assume the return value of
\emph on
_sdcc_external_startup()
\emph default
- in
+ in
\emph on
crtstart.asm
\emph default
- should not be checked (or
+ should not be checked (or
\emph on
_sdcc_external_startup()
\emph default
should not be called at all).
- The recommended way would be to copy
+ The recommended way would be to copy
\emph on
crtstart.asm
\emph default
(f.e.
- from
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/device/lib/mcs51/crtstart.asm}
+ from
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/device/lib/mcs51/crtstart.asm"
\end_inset
-) into the source directory, adapt it there, then assemble it with
+) into the source directory, adapt it there, then assemble it with
\emph on
asx8051 -plosgff
\begin_inset Foot
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
- are the assembler options used in
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/device/lib/mcs51/Makefile.in?view=markup }
+ are the assembler options used in
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/device/lib/mcs51/Makefile.in?view=markup "
\end_inset
crtstart.asm
\emph default
- and when linking your project explicitely specify
+ and when linking your project explicitly specify
\emph on
crtstart.rel
\emph default
.
- As a bonus a listing of the relocated object file
+ As a bonus a listing of the relocated object file
\emph on
crtstart.rst
\emph default
\begin_layout Standard
The HC08
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{HC08}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "HC08"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
On the Z80
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Z80}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Z80"
\end_inset
the startup code is inserted by linking with crt0.o which is generated from
sdcc/device/lib/z80/crt0.s.
- If you need a different startup code you can use the compiler option
+ If you need a different startup code you can use the compiler option
\emph on
-
\series bold
-no-std-crt0
\emph default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-no-std-crt0}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-no-std-crt0"
\end_inset
and provide your own crt0.o.
+
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Inline Assembler Code
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Assembler routines}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Assembler routines"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
A Step by Step Introduction
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:A-Step-by Assembler Introduction}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sub:A-Step-by Assembler Introduction"
\end_inset
\family typewriter
\size footnotesize
unsigned char __far
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{far (storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "far (storage class)"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_far (storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_far (storage class)"
\end_inset
__at
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{at}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "at"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_at}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_at"
\end_inset
(0x7f00) buf[0x100];
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Aligned array}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Aligned array"
\end_inset
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
/* if interrupts
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{interrupt}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "interrupt"
\end_inset
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:Common-interrupt-pitfall-volatile}
+section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Common-interrupt-pitfall-volatile"
\end_inset
about
+\family default
+
+\family typewriter
\series bold
- volatile
+volatile
+\family default
\series default
- */
+
+\family typewriter
+*/
\newline
\newline
-void to_buffer( unsigned char c )
+void to_buffer( unsigned char c )
\newline
{
\newline
if( head != (unsigned char)(tail-1)
)\InsetSpace ~
/* cast
+\family default
+
+\family typewriter
\series bold
needed
+\family default
\series default
- to avoid promotion
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{promotion to signed int}
+
+\family typewriter
+to avoid promotion
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "promotion to signed int"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{type promotion}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "type promotion"
\end_inset
\InsetSpace ~
/* access to a 256 byte aligned array */
\newline
-}
+}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
If the code snippet (assume it is saved in buffer.c) is compiled with SDCC
then a corresponding buffer.asm file is generated.
- We define a new function
+ We define a new function
\family typewriter
to_buffer_asm()
\family default
in file buffer.c in which we cut and paste the generated code, removing
unwanted comments and some ':'.
- Then add
+ Then add
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
- and
+ and
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
The
- function is not yet OK! (registers aren't saved) */
+ function is not yet OK! (registers aren't saved) */
\newline
void to_buffer_asm(
- unsigned char c )
+ unsigned char c )
\newline
-{
+{
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
_asm
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_asm}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_asm"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_asm}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_asm"
\end_inset
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-r2,dpl
+r2,dpl
\newline
;buffer.c if( head != (unsigned char)(tail-1) ) \InsetSpace ~
/* cast
+\family default
+
+\family typewriter
\series bold
needed
+\family default
\series default
- to avoid promotion
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{promotion to signed int}
+
+\family typewriter
+to avoid promotion
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "promotion to signed int"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{type promotion}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "type promotion"
\end_inset
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-a,_tail
+a,_tail
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
dec\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-a
+a
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-r3,a
+r3,a
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-a,_head
+a,_head
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-cjne a,ar3,00106$
+cjne a,ar3,00106$
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
ret
\newline
00106$:
+
\newline
-;buffer.c
- buf[ head++ ] = c; /* access to a 256 byte aligned array */
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Aligned array}
+;buffer.c buf[ head++ ] = c; /* access to a 256 byte aligned array */
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Aligned array"
\end_inset
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-r3,_head
+r3,_head
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
inc\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-_head
+_head
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-dpl,r3
+dpl,r3
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-dph,#(_buf >> 8)
+dph,#(_buf >> 8)
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-a,r2
+a,r2
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
movx @dptr,a
+
\newline
-00103$:
+00103$:
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-_end
-asm
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_endasm}
+_endasm
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_endasm"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_endasm}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_endasm"
\end_inset
;
\newline
-}
+}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
_asm
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_asm}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_asm"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_asm}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_asm"
\end_inset
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
; save used registers here.
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-; If we were still using r2,r3 we would have to
- push them here.
+; If we were still using r2,r3 we would have to push them here.
+
\newline
; if( head != (unsigned char)(tail-1) )
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
xrl\InsetSpace ~
-
a,_head
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-; we could do an ANL a,#0x0f here to use a smaller buffer (see below)
+; we
+ could do an ANL a,#0x0f here to use a smaller buffer (see below)
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
jz\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-
t_b_end$
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
;
\newline
-; buf[ head++ ] = c;
+;
+ buf[ head++ ] = c;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-; dpl holds lower byte of function
- argument
+; dpl holds lower byte of function argument
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
+
dpl,_head \InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-m
-ov\InsetSpace ~
- dph,#(_buf>>8)
+mov\InsetSpace ~
+ dph,#(_bu
+f>>8)
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-; we could do an ANL _head,#0x0f here
- to use a smaller buffer (see above)
+; we could do an ANL _head,#0x0f here to use a
+ smaller buffer (see above)
\newline
t_b_end$:
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-; restore used registers here
+; restore used registers here
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-_endas
-m
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_endasm}
+_endasm
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_endasm"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_endasm}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_endasm"
\end_inset
, this includes any assembler directives and comment lines.
The assembler does not like some characters like ':' or ''' in comments.
You'll find an 100+ pages assembler manual in sdcc/as/doc/asxhtm.html
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{asXXXX (as-gbz80, as-hc08, asx8051, as-z80)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "asXXXX (as-gbz80, as-hc08, asx8051, as-z80)"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Assembler documentation}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Assembler documentation"
\end_inset
- or online at
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/as/doc/asxhtm.html}
+ or online at
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/as/doc/asxhtm.html"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The compiler does not do any validation of the code within the
+The compiler does not do any validation of the code within the
\family typewriter
_asm
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_asm}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_asm"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_asm}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_asm"
\end_inset
_endasm
\size footnotesize
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_endasm}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_endasm"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_endasm}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_endasm"
\end_inset
keyword pair.
Specifically it will not know which registers are used and thus register
pushing/popping
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{push/pop}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "push/pop"
\end_inset
has to be done manually.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
\emph on
peep-asm
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-peep-asm}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-peep-asm"
\end_inset
\emph default
command line option is used, the inline assembler code will be passed through
the peephole optimizer
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Peephole optimizer}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Peephole optimizer"
\end_inset
.
There are only a few (if any) cases where this option makes sense, it might
cause some unexpected changes in the inline assembler code.
- Please go through the peephole optimizer rules defined in file
+ Please go through the peephole optimizer rules defined in file
\emph on
SDCCpeeph.def
\emph default
\begin_layout Subsection
Naked Functions
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:Naked-Functions}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Naked-Functions"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Naked functions}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Naked functions"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-A special keyword may be associated with a function declaring it as
+A special keyword may be associated with a function declaring it as
\emph on
_naked
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_naked}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_naked"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_naked}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_naked"
\end_inset
.
+
\emph default
-The
+ The
\emph on
_naked
\emph default
function modifier attribute prevents the compiler from generating prologue
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{function prologue}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "function prologue"
\end_inset
and epilogue
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{function epilogue}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "function epilogue"
\end_inset
code for that function.
This means that the user is entirely responsible for such things as saving
any registers that may need to be preserved, selecting the proper register
- bank, generating the
+ bank, generating the
\emph on
return
\emph default
\family typewriter
volatile
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{volatile}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "volatile"
\end_inset
\newline
void simpleInterrupt(void) __interrupt
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{interrupt}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "interrupt"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_interrupt}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_interrupt"
\end_inset
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
_asm
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_asm}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_asm"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_asm}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_asm"
\end_inset
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
_endasm
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_endasm}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_endasm"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_endasm}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_endasm"
\end_inset
\family typewriter
Note, this is an
+\family default
+
+\family typewriter
\emph on
outdated
+\family default
\emph default
- example, recent versions of SDCC generate
+
+\family typewriter
+example, recent versions of SDCC generate
\newline
the
+\family default
+
+\family typewriter
\emph on
same
+\family default
\emph default
- code for simpleInterrupt() and nakedInterrupt()!
+
+\family typewriter
+code for simpleInterrupt() and nakedInterrupt()!
\newline
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-pu
-sh\InsetSpace ~
+pus
+h\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\begin_layout Standard
The related directive #pragma exclude
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma exclude}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma exclude"
\end_inset
allows a more fine grained control over pushing & popping
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{push/pop}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "push/pop"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-While there is nothing preventing you from writing C code inside a
+While there is nothing preventing you from writing C code inside a
\family typewriter
_naked
\family default
SDCC allows the use of in-line assembler with a few restrictions regarding
labels.
All labels defined within inline assembler code have to be of the form
+
\emph on
nnnnn$
\emph default
where nnnnn is a number less than 100 (which implies a limit of utmost
- 100 inline assembler labels
+ 100 inline assembler labels
\emph on
per function
\emph default
\end_inset
-
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
_asm
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_asm}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_asm"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_asm}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_asm"
\end_inset
-
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-b,#10
+b,#10
\newline
-00001$:
+00001$:
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-b,00001$
+b,00001$
\newline
_endasm
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_endasm}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_endasm"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_endasm}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_endasm"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Inline assembler code cannot reference any C-labels, however it can reference
labels
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Labels}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Labels"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-foo() {
+foo() {
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-/* some c code */
+/* some c code */
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-_asm
+_asm
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-; some assembler code
+; some assembler code
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-ljmp 0003$
+ljmp 0003$
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
_endasm;
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-/* some
- more c code */
+/* some more c code */
\newline
clabel:\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-/* inline assembler cannot reference this label */
+/* inline assembler cannot reference this
+ label */
\begin_inset Foot
status open
\begin_layout Standard
-Here, the C-label
+Here, the C-label
\family typewriter
clabel
\family default
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-0003$: ;label (can be referenced by inline assembler only)
+0003$: ;label (can be referenced by inline assembler only)
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
_endasm
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_endasm}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_endasm"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_endasm}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_endasm"
\end_inset
- ;
+ ;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\begin_layout Section
Interfacing with Assembler Code
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Assembler routines}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Assembler routines"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Global Registers used for Parameter Passing
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Parameter passing}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Parameter passing"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The compiler always uses the global registers
+The compiler always uses the global registers
\emph on
DPL, DPH
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{DPTR, DPH, DPL}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "DPTR, DPH, DPL"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{DPTR}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "DPTR"
\end_inset
, B
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{B (mcs51, ds390 register)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "B (mcs51, ds390 register)"
\end_inset
\emph default
-and
+ and
\emph on
- ACC
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{ACC (mcs51, ds390 register)}
+ACC
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "ACC (mcs51, ds390 register)"
\end_inset
\emph default
to pass the first (non-bit) parameter to a function, and also to pass the
- return value
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{return value}
+ return value
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "return value"
\end_inset
of function; according to the following scheme: one byte return value in
+
\emph on
DPL
\emph default
-, two byte value in
+, two byte value in
\emph on
DPL
\emph default
- (LSB) and
+ (LSB) and
\emph on
DPH
\emph default
(MSB).
- three byte values (generic pointers) in
+ three byte values (generic pointers) in
\emph on
DPH
\emph default
-,
+,
\emph on
DPL
\emph default
- and
+ and
\emph on
B
\emph default
-, and four byte values in
+, and four byte values in
\emph on
DPH
\emph default
-,
+,
\emph on
DPL
\emph default
-,
+,
\emph on
- B
+B
\emph default
- and
+ and
\emph on
ACC
\emph default
.
Generic pointers
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{generic pointer}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "generic pointer"
\end_inset
- contain type of accessed memory in
+ contain type of accessed memory in
\emph on
B
\emph default
-:
+:
\series bold
0x00
\series default
- -- xdata/far,
+ -- xdata/far,
\series bold
0x40
\series default
- -- idata/near -- ,
+ -- idata/near -- ,
\series bold
0x60
\series default
- -- pdata,
+ -- pdata,
\series bold
0x80
\series default
\begin_layout Standard
Functions (with two or more parameters or bit parameters) that are called
through function pointers
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{function pointers}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "function pointers"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Unless the called function is declared as
+Unless the called function is declared as
\family typewriter
_naked
\family default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{naked}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "naked"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-callee-saves
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-callee-saves}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-callee-saves"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If the called function is not declared as
+If the called function is not declared as
\family typewriter
_naked
\family default
, the caller will swap register banks around the call, if caller and callee
- use different register banks (having them defined by the
+ use different register banks (having them defined by the
\family typewriter
_using
\family default
modifier).
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The called function can also use
+The called function can also use
\emph on
DPL
\emph default
-,
+,
\emph on
DPH
\emph default
-,
+,
\emph on
B
\emph default
- and
+ and
\emph on
ACC
\emph default
\begin_layout Standard
In the following example
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{reentrant}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "reentrant"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Assembler routines (non-reentrant)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Assembler routines (non-reentrant)"
\end_inset
the function c_func calls an assembler routine asm_func, which takes two
parameters
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{function parameter}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "function parameter"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-.globl _asm_func_PARM_2
+.globl _asm_func_PARM_2
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-.globl _asm_func
+.globl _asm_func
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-.area OSEG
+.area OSEG
\newline
_asm_func_PARM_2:
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-.ds 1
+.ds
+ 1
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-.area
- CSEG
+.area CSEG
\newline
-_asm_func:
+_asm_func:
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-a,dpl
+a,dpl
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-a,_asm_func_PARM_2
+a,_asm_func_PARM_2
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-dpl,a
+dpl,a
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
dph
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{DPTR, DPH, DPL}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "DPTR, DPH, DPL"
\end_inset
-,#0x00
+,#0x00
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\begin_layout Standard
The parameter naming convention is _<function_name>_PARM_<n>, where n is
the parameter number starting from 1, and counting from the left.
- The first parameter is passed in
+ The first parameter is passed in
\emph on
DPH
\emph default
-,
+,
\emph on
DPL
\emph default
-,
+,
\emph on
B
\emph default
- and
+ and
\emph on
ACC
\emph default
\begin_layout Standard
In this case
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{reentrant}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "reentrant"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Assembler routines (reentrant)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Assembler routines (reentrant)"
\end_inset
the second parameter
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{function parameter}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "function parameter"
\end_inset
\newline
int
- c_func (unsigned char i, unsigned char j, unsigned char k) reentrant
+ c_func (unsigned char i, unsigned char j, unsigned char k) reentrant
\newline
{
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-return
- asm_func(i,j,k);
+return asm_func(i,j,k);
\newline
-}
+}
\newline
\newline
-int main()
+int main()
\newline
-{
+{
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-return c_func(10,9,8);
+return c_func(10,9,8);
\newline
}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-.globl _asm_func
+.globl _asm_func
\newline
-_asm_func:
+_asm_func:
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
push\InsetSpace ~
-_bp
+_bp
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-;stack contains: _bp, return address,
- second parameter, third parameter
+;stack contains: _bp, return
+ address, second parameter, third parameter
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-r0,a
+r0,a
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-a,_bp
+a,_bp
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-r1,a
+r1,a
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-dph,#0x00
+dph,#0x00
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-sp,_bp
+sp,_bp
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
pop\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-_bp
+_bp
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\begin_layout Section
int (16 bit)
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{int (16 bit)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "int (16 bit)"
\end_inset
and long (32 bit)
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{long (32 bit)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "long (32 bit)"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-_mulint.c
+_mulint.c
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-_divsint.c
+_divsint.c
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-_divuint.c
+_divuint.c
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-_divslong.c
+_divslong.c
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-_divulong.c
+_divulong.c
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Since they are compiled as
+Since they are compiled as
\emph on
non-reentrant
\emph default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{reentrant}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "reentrant"
\end_inset
, interrupt
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{interrupt}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "interrupt"
\end_inset
service routines should not do any of the above operations.
If this is unavoidable then the above routines will need to be compiled
- with the
+ with the
\emph on
-
\begin_inset ERT
\end_inset
-stack-auto
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-stack-auto}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-stack-auto"
\end_inset
\emph default
- option, after which the source program will have to be compiled with
+ option, after which the source program will have to be compiled with
\emph on
-
\begin_inset ERT
\end_inset
-int-long-reent
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-int-long-reent}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-int-long-reent"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Floating Point Support
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Floating point support}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Floating point support"
\end_inset
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-Function
+Function
\end_layout
\end_inset
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-_fssub.c
+_fssub.c
\end_layout
\end_inset
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-subtract floating point numbers
+subtract floating point numbers
\end_layout
\end_inset
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-_fsdiv.c
+_fsdiv.c
\end_layout
\end_inset
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-divide floating point numbers
+divide floating point numbers
\end_layout
\end_inset
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-_fsmul.c
+_fsmul.c
\end_layout
\end_inset
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-multiply floating point numbers
+multiply floating point numbers
\end_layout
\end_inset
not
\emph default
sinf(), cosf(), ...) for the mcs51 are implemented in assembler.
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Library Routines
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Libraries}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Libraries"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{<stdio.h>}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "<stdio.h>"
\end_inset
-As usual on embedded systems you have to provide your own
+As usual on embedded systems you have to provide your own
\family typewriter
getchar()
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{getchar()}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "getchar()"
\end_inset
\family default
-and
+ and
\family typewriter
putchar()
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{putchar()}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "putchar()"
\end_inset
routines.
SDCC does not know whether the system connects to a serial line with or
without handshake, LCD, keyboard or other device.
- And whether a
+ And whether a
\family typewriter
lf
\family default
- to
+ to
\family typewriter
crlf
\family default
- conversion within
+ conversion within
\family typewriter
putchar()
\family default
is intended.
You'll find examples for serial routines f.e.
in sdcc/device/lib.
- For the mcs51 this minimalistic polling
+ For the mcs51 this minimalistic polling
\family typewriter
putchar()
\family default
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-void putchar (char c) {
+void putchar (char c) {
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The default
+The default
\family typewriter
- printf()
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{printf()}
+printf()
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "printf()"
\end_inset
\family default
- implementation in
+ implementation in
\family typewriter
- printf_large.c
+printf_large.c
\family default
does not support float (except on ds390).
- To enable this recompile it with the option
+ To enable this recompile it with the option
\emph on
-
\begin_inset ERT
\end_inset
DUSE_FLOATS=1
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{USE\_FLOATS}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "USE\\_FLOATS"
\end_inset
\emph default
on the command line.
- Use
+ Use
\emph on
- -
+-
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
-model-large
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-model-large}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-model-large"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you're short on code memory you might want to use
+If you're short on code memory you might want to use
\family typewriter
printf_small()
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{printf\_small()}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "printf\\_small()"
\end_inset
\family default
+
\emph on
instead
\emph default
- of
+ of
\family typewriter
- printf().
+printf().
\family default
- For the mcs51 there additionally are assembly versions
+ For the mcs51 there additionally are assembly versions
\family typewriter
printf_tiny()
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{printf\_tiny() (mcs51)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "printf\\_tiny() (mcs51)"
\end_inset
\family default
- (subset of printf using less than 270 bytes) and
+ (subset of printf using less than 270 bytes) and
\family typewriter
printf_fast()
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{printf\_fast() (mcs51)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "printf\\_fast() (mcs51)"
\end_inset
\family default
-and
+ and
\family typewriter
- printf_fast_f()
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{printf\_fast\_f() (mcs51)}
+printf_fast_f()
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "printf\\_fast\\_f() (mcs51)"
\end_inset
\family default
(floating-point aware version of printf_fast) which should fit the requirements
of many embedded systems (printf_fast() can be customized by unsetting
- #defines to
+ #defines to
\emph on
not
\emph default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Feature matrix of different
+Feature matrix of different
\emph on
printf
\emph default
\begin_layout Standard
printf
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{printf}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "printf"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-printf
+printf
\size scriptsize
USE_FLOATS=1
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
float format
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Floating point support}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Floating point support"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsubsection
<malloc.h>
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{malloc.h}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "malloc.h"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
As of SDCC 2.6.2 you no longer need to call an initialization routine before
using dynamic memory allocation
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{dynamic memory allocation (malloc)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "dynamic memory allocation (malloc)"
\end_inset
and a default heap
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{heap (malloc)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "heap (malloc)"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Libraries
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Libraries}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Libraries"
\end_inset
included in SDCC should have a license at least as liberal as the GNU Lesser
General Public License
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{GNU Lesser General Public License, LGPL}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "GNU Lesser General Public License, LGPL"
\end_inset
-
+
\emph on
LGPL
\emph default
C, CAN, Ethernet, Profibus, Modbus, USB, SPI, JTAG ...), Media (IDE, Memory
cards, eeprom, flash...), En-/Decryption, Remote debugging, Realtime kernel,
- Keyboard, LCD, RTC, FPGA, PID then the sdcc-user mailing list
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sourceforge.net/mail/?group_id=599}
+ Keyboard, LCD, RTC, FPGA, PID then the sdcc-user mailing list
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sourceforge.net/mail/?group_id=599"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
MCS51 Memory Models
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Memory model}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Memory model"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{MCS51 memory model}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "MCS51 memory model"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-SDCC allows three memory models for MCS51 code,
+SDCC allows three memory models for MCS51 code,
\shape slanted
small, medium
\shape default
- and
+ and
\shape slanted
large
\shape default
.
- Modules compiled with different memory models should
+ Modules compiled with different memory models should
\emph on
never
\emph default
When the medium or large model is used all variables declared without a
storage class will be allocated into the external ram, this includes all
parameters and local variables (for non-reentrant
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{reentrant}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "reentrant"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Judicious usage of the processor specific storage classes
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Storage class}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Storage class"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsubsection
External Stack
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:External-Stack}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sub:External-Stack"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{stack}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "stack"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{External stack (mcs51)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "External stack (mcs51)"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-xstack option
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-xstack}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-xstack"
\end_inset
) is located in pdata
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{pdata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "pdata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)"
\end_inset
-xstack option is used to compile the program, the parameters and local
variables
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{local variables}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "local variables"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-stack-auto
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-stack-auto}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-stack-auto"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The compiler outputs the higher order address byte of the external ram segment
into port P2
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{P2 (mcs51 sfr)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "P2 (mcs51 sfr)"
\end_inset
- (see also section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:MCS51-variants}
+ (see also section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:MCS51-variants"
\end_inset
-), therefore when using the External Stack option, this port
+), therefore when using the External Stack option, this port
\emph on
may not
\emph default
\begin_layout Subsection
DS390 Memory Model
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Memory model}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Memory model"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{DS390 memory model}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "DS390 memory model"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The only model supported is Flat 24
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Flat 24 (DS390 memory model)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Flat 24 (DS390 memory model)"
\end_inset
\newline
Note
that the compiler does not generate any code to place the processor into
- 24 bitmode (although
+ 24 bitmode (although
\emph on
tinibios
\emph default
in the ds390 libraries will do that for you).
- If you don't use
+ If you don't use
\emph on
tinibios
\emph default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Tinibios (DS390)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Tinibios (DS390)"
\end_inset
\newline
Like
- the
+ the
\emph on
-
\begin_inset ERT
-model-large
\emph default
option, variables will by default be placed into the XDATA segment.
+
\newline
\newline
-Segments
- may be placed anywhere in the 4 meg address space using the usual -
+Segments may be placed anywhere in the 4 meg address space using the usual
+ -
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
Note that if any segments are located above 64K, the -r flag must be passed
to the linker to generate the proper segment relocations, and the Intel
HEX output format must be used.
- The -r flag can be passed to the linker by using the option
+ The -r flag can be passed to the linker by using the option
\emph on
-Wl-r
\emph default
\begin_layout Section
Pragmas
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:Pragmas}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Pragmas"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Pragmas}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Pragmas"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Pragmas are used to turn on and/or off certain compiler options.
Some of them are closely related to corresponding command-line options
- (see section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \vref{sec:Command-Line-Options}
+ (see section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand vref
+reference "sec:Command-Line-Options"
\end_inset
save
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma save}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma save"
\end_inset
restore
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma restore}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma restore"
\end_inset
callee_saves
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma callee\_saves}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma callee\\_saves"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{function prologue}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "function prologue"
\end_inset
- function1[,function2[,function3...]]
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{ite:callee_saves-function1[,function2[,function3...]]--}
+ function1[,function2[,function3...]]
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "ite:callee_saves-function1[,function2[,function3...]]--"
\end_inset
- The compiler by default uses a caller saves convention for register saving
across function calls, however this can cause unnecessary register pushing
and popping
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{push/pop}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "push/pop"
\end_inset
\end_inset
--callee-saves command line option is used (see page
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \vpageref{lyx:--callee-saves-function1[,function2][,function3]...}
+-callee-saves command line option is used (see page
+\begin_inset LatexCommand vpageref
+reference "lyx:--callee-saves-function1[,function2][,function3]..."
\end_inset
), the function names specified in #pragma\InsetSpace ~
callee_saves
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma callee\_saves}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma callee\\_saves"
\end_inset
exclude
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma exclude}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma exclude"
\end_inset
none | {acc[,b[,dpl[,dph]]] - The exclude pragma disables the generation
of pairs of push/pop
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{push/pop}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "push/pop"
\end_inset
- instructions in
+ instructions in
\emph on
I
\emph default
nterrupt
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{interrupt}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "interrupt"
\end_inset
-
+
\emph on
S
\emph default
-ervice
+ervice
\emph on
R
\emph default
To enable the normal register saving for ISR functions use #pragma\InsetSpace ~
exclude\InsetSpace ~
none
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma exclude}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma exclude"
\end_inset
.
See also the related keyword _naked
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_naked}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_naked"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_naked}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_naked"
\end_inset
less_pedantic
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{pedantic}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "pedantic"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma less\_pedantic}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma less\\_pedantic"
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{ite:less_pedantic}
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "ite:less_pedantic"
\end_inset
\end_inset
--less-pedantic
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \vpageref{lyx:--less-pedantic}
+-less-pedantic
+\begin_inset LatexCommand vpageref
+reference "lyx:--less-pedantic"
\end_inset
.
+
\newline
-More specifically, the following warnings will be disabled:
+More specifically, the following warnings will be disabled:
\shape italic
comparison is always [true/false] due to limited range of data type
\shape default
- (94);
+ (94);
\shape italic
overflow in implicit constant conversion
\shape default
- (158); [the (in)famous]
+ (158); [the (in)famous]
\shape italic
conditional flow changed by optimizer: so said EVELYN the modified DOG
\shape default
- (110);
+ (110);
\shape italic
function '[function name]' must return value
\shape default
(59).
+
\newline
Furthermore, warnings of less importance (of PEDANTIC and INFO warning
- level) are disabled, too, namely:
+ level) are disabled, too, namely:
\shape italic
constant value '[
\begin_inset Note Note
]', out of range
\shape default
- (81);
+ (81);
\shape italic
[left/right] shifting more than size of object changed to zero
\shape default
- (116);
+ (116);
\shape italic
unreachable code
\shape default
- (126);
+ (126);
\shape italic
integer overflow in expression
\shape default
- (165);
+ (165);
\shape italic
unmatched #pragma save and #pragma restore
\shape default
- (170);
+ (170);
\shape italic
comparison of 'signed char' with 'unsigned char' requires promotion to int
\shape default
- (185);
+ (185);
\shape italic
ISO C90 does not support flexible array members
\shape default
- (187);
+ (187);
\shape italic
extended stack by [number] bytes for compiler temp(s) :in function '[function\InsetSpace ~
nam
]
\shape default
- (114);
+ (114);
\shape italic
function '[function name]', # edges [number] , # nodes [number] , cyclomatic
complexity [number]
disable_warning
\series default
<nnnn>
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma disable\_warning}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma disable\\_warning"
\end_inset
nogcse
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma nogcse}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma nogcse"
\end_inset
noinduction
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma noinduction}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma noinduction"
\end_inset
noinvariant
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma noinvariant}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma noinvariant"
\end_inset
- will not do loop invariant optimizations.
For more details see Loop Invariants in section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:Loop-Optimizations}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Loop-Optimizations"
\end_inset
noiv
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma noiv}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma noiv"
\end_inset
- Do not generate interrupt
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{interrupt}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "interrupt"
\end_inset
vector table
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{interrupt vector table}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "interrupt vector table"
\end_inset
manually, or when there is a secondary, manually defined interrupt vector
table (e.g.
for the autovector feature of the Cypress EZ-USB FX2).
- More elegantly this can be achieved by obmitting the optional interrupt
- number after the interrupt keyword, see section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:Interrupt-Service-Routines}
+ More elegantly this can be achieved by omitting the optional interrupt
+ number after the interrupt keyword, see section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Interrupt-Service-Routines"
\end_inset
nojtbound
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma nojtbound}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma nojtbound"
\end_inset
- will not generate code for boundary value checking, when switch statements
are turned into jump-tables (dangerous).
- For more details see section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:'switch'-Statements}
+ For more details see section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:'switch'-Statements"
\end_inset
noloopreverse
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma noloopreverse}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma noloopreverse"
\end_inset
nooverlay
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma nooverlay}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma nooverlay"
\end_inset
stackauto
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma stackauto}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma stackauto"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-stack-auto
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-stack-auto}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-stack-auto"
\end_inset
- and section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:Parameters-and-Local-Variables}
+ and section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Parameters-and-Local-Variables"
\end_inset
\series bold
opt_code_speed
\series default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma opt\_code\_speed}
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma opt\\_code\\_speed"
\end_inset
\series bold
opt_code_size
\series default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma opt\_code\_size}
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma opt\\_code\\_size"
\end_inset
\series bold
opt_code_balanced
\series default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma opt\_code\_balanced}
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma opt\\_code\\_balanced"
\end_inset
- The compiler will attempt to generate code that is both compact and fast,
as long as meeting one goal is not a detriment to the other (this is the
default).
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\series bold
std_sdcc89
\series default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma std\_sdcc89}
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma std\\_sdcc89"
\end_inset
\series bold
std_c89
\series default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma std\_c89}
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma std\\_c89"
\end_inset
\series bold
std_sdcc99
\series default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma std\_sdcc99}
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma std\\_sdcc99"
\end_inset
\series bold
std_c99
\series default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma std\_c99}
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma std\\_c99"
\end_inset
codeseg
\series default
<name>
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma codeseg}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma codeseg"
\end_inset
constseg
\series default
<name>
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma constseg}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma constseg"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The preprocessor SDCPP
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{sdcpp (preprocessor)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "sdcpp (preprocessor)"
\end_inset
pedantic_parse_number
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{pedantic}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "pedantic"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma pedantic\_parse\_number}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma pedantic\\_parse\\_number"
\end_inset
- (+ | -)
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{ite:pedantic_parse_number}
+ (+ | -)
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "ite:pedantic_parse_number"
\end_inset
\end_inset
--pedantic-parse-number command line option
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \vpageref{lyx:-pedantic-parse-number}
+-pedantic-parse-number command line option
+\begin_inset LatexCommand vpageref
+reference "lyx:-pedantic-parse-number"
\end_inset
.
+
\newline
Below is an example on how to use this pragma.
-
+
\emph on
- Note: this functionality is not in conformance with standard!
+Note: this functionality is not in conformance with standard!
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
#pragma pedantic_parse_number +
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma pedantic\_parse\_number}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma pedantic\\_parse\\_number"
\end_inset
preproc_asm
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma preproc\_asm}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma preproc\\_asm"
\end_inset
(+ | -) - switch _asm _endasm block preprocessing on / off.
Default is on.
- You use this prama to define multilines of assembly code.
- This will prevent the preprocessor from changing the formating required
+ You use this pragma to define multilines of assembly code.
+ This will prevent the preprocessor from changing the formatting required
by assembly code.
Below is an example on how to use this pragma.
\end_layout
\family typewriter
#pragma preproc_asm -
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma preproc\_asm}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma preproc\\_asm"
\end_inset
\newline
\newline
-void foo (void)
+void foo (void)
\newline
-{
+{
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
...
+
\newline
-}
+}
\newline
\end_layout
sdcc_hash
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma sdcc\_hash}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma sdcc\\_hash"
\end_inset
#pragma preproc_asm +
\newline
#pragma sdcc_hash +
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma sdcc\_hash}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma sdcc\\_hash"
\end_inset
\newline
\newline
-#define ROMCALL(x)
+#define ROMCALL(x)
\backslash
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-mov R6_B3, #(x & 0xff)
+mov R6_B3, #(x & 0xff)
\backslash
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-mov R7_B3, #((x >> 8) & 0xff)
+mov R7_B3, #((x >> 8) & 0xff)
\backslash
\newline
This usually happens in large functions.
Pragma directives should be used as shown in the following example, they
are used to control options and optimizations for a given function.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
#pragma save
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma save}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma save"
\end_inset
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-/* save the current settings */
+/* save the current settings */
\newline
#pragma nogcse
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma nogcse}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma nogcse"
\end_inset
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-/* turnoff global subexpression elimination */
+/* turnoff global subexpression elimination */
\newline
#pragma noinduction
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma noinduction}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma noinduction"
\end_inset
- /* turn off induction optimizations */
+ /* turn off induction optimizations */
\newline
-int foo ()
+int foo ()
\newline
-{
+{
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
- /* large code */
+ /* large code */
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-
...
+
\newline
-}
+}
\newline
#pragma restore
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma restore}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma restore"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The compiler creates the following #defines
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#defines}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#defines"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Defines created by the compiler}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Defines created by the compiler"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="15" columns="2">
<features>
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="3in">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="3in">
\begin_layout Standard
SDCC
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{SDCC}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "SDCC"
\end_inset
-
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
SDCC_mcs51
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{SDCC\_mcs51}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "SDCC\\_mcs51"
\end_inset
or SDCC_ds390
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{SDCC\_ds390}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "SDCC\\_ds390"
\end_inset
or SDCC_z80
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{SDCC\_z80}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "SDCC\\_z80"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
__mcs51
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_mcs51}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_mcs51"
\end_inset
, __ds390
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_ds390}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_ds390"
\end_inset
, __hc08
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_hc08}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_hc08"
\end_inset
, __z80
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_z80}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_z80"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
SDCC_STACK_AUTO
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{SDCC\_STACK\_AUTO}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "SDCC\\_STACK\\_AUTO"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-when
+when
\emph on
-
\begin_inset ERT
\begin_layout Standard
SDCC_MODEL_SMALL
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{SDCC\_MODEL\_SMALL}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "SDCC\\_MODEL\\_SMALL"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-when
+when
\emph on
-
\begin_inset ERT
\begin_layout Standard
SDCC_MODEL_MEDIUM
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{SDCC\_MODEL\_MEDIUM}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "SDCC\\_MODEL\\_MEDIUM"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-when
+when
\emph on
-
\begin_inset ERT
\begin_layout Standard
SDCC_MODEL_LARGE
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{SDCC\_MODEL\_LARGE}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "SDCC\\_MODEL\\_LARGE"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-when
+when
\emph on
-
\begin_inset ERT
\begin_layout Standard
SDCC_USE_XSTACK
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{SDCC\_USE\_XSTACK}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "SDCC\\_USE\\_XSTACK"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+when
+\emph on
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-xstack
+\emph default
+ option is used
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC_STACK_TENBIT
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "SDCC\\_STACK\\_TENBIT"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+when
+\emph on
+-mds390
+\emph default
+ is used
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC_MODEL_FLAT24
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "SDCC\\_MODEL\\_FLAT24"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+when
+\emph on
+-mds390
+\emph default
+ is used
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC_REVISION
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "SDCC\\_REVISION"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Always defined.
+ SDCC svn revision number
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC_PARMS_IN_BANK1
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "SDCC\\_PARMS\\_IN\\_BANK1"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+when
+\emph on
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-parms-in-bank1
+\emph default
+ is used
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC_FLOAT_REENT
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "SDCC\\_MODEL\\_FLAT24"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-when
+when
\emph on
-
\begin_inset ERT
\end_inset
--xstack
+-float-reent
\emph default
- option is used
+ is used
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-SDCC_STACK_TENBIT
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{SDCC\_STACK\_TENBIT}
+SDCC_INT_LONG_REENT
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "SDCC\\_INT\\_LONG\\_REENT"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-when
+when
\emph on
--mds390
-\emph default
- is used
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-SDCC_MODEL_FLAT24
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{SDCC\_MODEL\_FLAT24}
-
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+/
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-when
-\emph on
--mds390
+-int-long-reent
\emph default
is used
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
MCS51 variants
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:MCS51-variants}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sub:MCS51-variants"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{MCS51 variants}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "MCS51 variants"
\end_inset
flavours.
While they might differ considerably in respect to Special Function Registers
the core MCS51 is usually not modified or is kept compatible.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-pdata access by SFR
+pdata access by SFR
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
With the upcome of devices with internal xdata and flash memory devices
using port P2
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{P2 (mcs51 sfr)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "P2 (mcs51 sfr)"
\end_inset
as dedicated I/O port is becoming more popular.
Switching the high byte for pdata
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{pdata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "pdata (mcs51, ds390 storage class)"
\end_inset
access which was formerly done by port P2 is then achieved by a Special
Function Register
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{sfr}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "sfr"
\end_inset
.
- In well-established MCS51 tradition the address of this
+ In well-established MCS51 tradition the address of this
\emph on
sfr
\emph default
should define an sfr with the name _XPAGE
\family typewriter
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_XPAGE (mcs51)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_XPAGE (mcs51)"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
For more exotic implementations further customizations may be needed.
- See section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:Startup-Code}
+ See section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Startup-Code"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Some MCS51 variants offer features like Double DPTR
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{DPTR}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "DPTR"
\end_inset
These are currently not used for the MCS51 port.
If you absolutely need them you can fall back to inline assembly or submit
a patch to SDCC.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Bankswitching
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Bankswitching
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Bankswitching"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (a.k.a.
+ code banking
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "code banking"
+
+\end_inset
+
+) is a technique to increase the code space above the 64k limit of the 8051.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Hardware
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="4">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
+<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+8000-FFFF
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+bank1
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+bank2
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+bank3
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+0000-7FFF
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+common
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SiLabs C8051F120 example
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\newline
+
+\newline
+Usually the hardware uses some sfr (an output port or an internal sfr) to
+ select a bank and put it in the banked area of the memory map.
+ The selected bank usually becomes active immediately upon assignment to
+ this sfr and when running inside a bank it will switch out this code it
+ is currently running.
+ Therefor you cannot jump or call directly from one bank to another and
+ need to use a so-called trampoline in the common area.
+ For SDCC an example trampoline is in crtbank.asm and you may need to change
+ it to your 8051 derivative or schematic.
+ The presented code is written for the C8051F120.
+\newline
+
+\newline
+When calling a banked function
+ SDCC will put the LSB of the functions address in register R0, the MSB
+ in R1 and the bank in R2 and then call this trampoline
+\emph on
+__sdcc_banked_call
+\emph default
+.
+ The current selected bank is saved on the stack, the new bank is selected
+ and an indirect jump is made.
+ When the banked function returns it jumps to
+\emph on
+__sdcc_banked_ret
+\emph default
+ which restores the previous bank and returns to the caller.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Software
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When writing banked software using SDCC you need to use some special keywords
+ and options.
+ You also need to take over a bit of work from the linker.
+\newline
+
+\newline
+To create a function
+ that can be called from another bank it requires the keyword
+\emph on
+banked
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "banked"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The caller must see this in the prototype of the callee and the callee
+ needs it for a proper return.
+ Called functions within the same bank as the caller do not need the
+\emph on
+banked
+\emph default
+ keyword nor do functions in the common area.
+ Beware: SDCC does not know or check if functions are in the same bank.
+ This is your responsibility!
+\newline
+
+\newline
+Normally all functions you write end up in
+ the segment CSEG.
+ If you want a function explicitly to reside in the common area put it in
+ segment HOME.
+ This applies for instance to interrupt service routines as they should
+ not be banked.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Functions that need to be in a switched bank must be put in a named segment.
+ The name can be mostly anything up to eight characters (e.g.
+ BANK1).
+ To do this you either use -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-codeseg BANK1 (See
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "lyx:-codeseg"
+
+\end_inset
+
+) on the command line when compiling or #pragma codeseg BANK1 (See
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Pragmas"
+
+\end_inset
+
+) at the top of the C source file.
+ The segment name always applies to the whole source file and generated
+ object so functions for different banks need to be defined in different
+ source files.
+\newline
+
+\newline
+When linking your objects you need to tell the linker where
+ to put your segments.
+ To do this you use the following command line option to SDCC: -Wl-b BANK1=0x180
+00 (See
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "lyx:-Wl option"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ This sets the virtual start address of this segment.
+ It sets the banknumber to 0x01 and maps the bank to 0x8000 and up.
+ The linker will not check for overflows, again this is your responsibility.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The DS80C400
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{DS80C400}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "DS80C400"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{DS400}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "DS400"
\end_inset
In its built-in ROM library it includes functions to access some of the
features, among them is a TCP stack with IP4 and IP6 support.
Library headers (currently in beta status) and other files are provided
- at
+ at
\size footnotesize
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{ftp://ftp.dalsemi.com/pub/tini/ds80c400/c_libraries/sdcc/index.html}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "ftp://ftp.dalsemi.com/pub/tini/ds80c400/c_libraries/sdcc/index.html"
\end_inset
.
+
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
SDCC can target both the Zilog Z80
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Z80}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Z80"
\end_inset
and the Nintendo Gameboy's Z80-like gbz80
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{gbz80 (GameBoy Z80)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "gbz80 (GameBoy Z80)"
\end_inset
.
- The Z80 port is passed through the same
+ The Z80 port is passed through the same
\emph on
regressions tests
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Regression test}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Regression test"
\end_inset
\emph default
- (see section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:Quality-control}
+ (see section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Quality-control"
\end_inset
As always, the code is the authoritative reference - see z80/ralloc.c and
z80/gen.c.
The stack
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Z80!stack}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Z80!stack"
\end_inset
IX is used as the base pointer, HL and IY are used as a temporary registers,
and BC and DE are available for holding variables.
Return values
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Z80!return value}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Z80!return value"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The port to the Freescale/Motorola HC08
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{HC08}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "HC08"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The HC08 port passes the regression test suite (see section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:Quality-control}
+The HC08 port passes the regression test suite (see section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Quality-control"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\newpage
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
The PIC14
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC14}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC14"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The PIC14 port adds support for Microchip
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Microchip}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Microchip"
\end_inset
\end_inset
PIC
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC14}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC14"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
Currently supported devices include:
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-16F: 627, 627a, 628, 628a, 630, 636, 639, 648a, 676, 684, 685, 687, 688,
- 689, 690
+16CR: 620a, 73, 74, 76, 77
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16F: 616, 627, 627a, 628, 628a, 630, 636, 639, 648, 648a, 676, 684, 685,
+ 687, 688, 689, 690
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-16F: 716, 72, 73, 737, 74, 76, 767, 77, 777, 785
+16F: 716, 72, 73, 737, 74, 747, 76, 767, 77, 777, 785
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
16F: 818, 819, 84, 84a, 87, 870, 871, 872, 873, 873a, 874, 874a, 876, 876a,
- 877, 877a, 88
+ 877, 877a, 88, 886, 887
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16F: 913, 914, 916, 917, 946
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-16F: 913, 914, 916, 917
+26HV: 626, 785
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-An up-to-date list of currently supported devices can be obtained via
+\noindent
+An up-to-date list of currently supported devices can be obtained via
\family typewriter
sdcc -mpic14 -phelp foo.c
\family default
\begin_layout Subsection
PIC Code Pages
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{code page (pic14)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "code page (pic14)"
\end_inset
and Memory Banks
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Memory bank (pic14)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Memory bank (pic14)"
\end_inset
page.
In order to make use of multiple code pages, separate asm files must be
used.
- The compiler assigns all
+ The compiler assigns all
\emph on
static
\emph default
\newline
Due to the way sdcc handles functions, place called functions prior
to calling functions in the file wherever possible: Otherwise sdcc will
- insert unneccessary pagesel directives around the call, believing that
- the called function is externally defined.
+ insert unnecessary pagesel directives around the call, believing that the
+ called function is externally defined.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Adding New Devices to the Port
+Adding New Devices to the Port
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
These files primarily define SFRs, structs to access their bits, and symbolic
configuration options.
Both files can be generated from gputils' .inc files using the perl script
+
\family typewriter
support/scripts/inc2h.pl
\family default
\begin_layout Enumerate
Copy the .h file into SDCC's include path and either add the .c file to your
- project or copy it to
+ project or copy it to
\family typewriter
device/lib/pic/libdev
\family default
\family typewriter
device/include/pic/
\family default
- in the source tree or
+ in the source tree or
\family typewriter
/usr/local/share/sdcc/include/pic
\family default
\begin_layout Standard
For the interrupt function, use the keyword `__interrupt'
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC14!interrupt}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC14!interrupt"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
For assembling you can use either GPUTILS'
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{gputils (pic tools)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "gputils (pic tools)"
\end_inset
gpasm.exe or MPLAB's mpasmwin.exe.
- GPUTILS are available from
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sourceforge.net/projects/gputils}
+ GPUTILS are available from
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sourceforge.net/projects/gputils"
\end_inset
\newline
\newline
-Here is a
+Here is a
\family typewriter
Makefile
\family default
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-sdcc -V -mpic14 -p16f877 -c $<
+sdcc -V -mpic14 -p16f877 -c $<
\newline
\newline
-$(PRJ).hex: $(OBJS)
+$(PRJ).hex: $(OBJS)
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Here is a
+Here is a
\family typewriter
Makefile
\family default
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-.c.o:
+.c.o:
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-sdcc -S -V -mpic14 -p16f877 $<
+sdcc -S -V -mpic14 -p16f877 $<
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\newline
$(PRJ).hex: $(OBJS)
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-mplink
- /v $(PRJ).lkr /m $(PRJ).map /o $(PRJ).hex $(OBJS) libsdcc.lib
+mplink /v $(PRJ).lkr /m $(PRJ).map /o $(PRJ).hex $(OBJS) libsdcc.lib
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Please note that indentations within a
+Please note that indentations within a
\family typewriter
- Makefile
+Makefile
\family default
have to be done with a tabulator character.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-debug-xtra
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC14!Options!-\/-debug-extra}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC14!Options!-\\/-debug-extra"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-no-pcode-opt
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC14!Options!-\/-no-pcode-opt}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC14!Options!-\\/-no-pcode-opt"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-stack-loc
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC14!Options!-\/-stack-loc}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC14!Options!-\\/-stack-loc"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-stack-size
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC14!Options!-\/-stack-size}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC14!Options!-\\/-stack-size"
\end_inset
The PIC14 library currently only contains support routines required by the
compiler to implement multiplication, division, and floating point support.
No libc-like replacement is available at the moment, though many of the
- common sdcc library sources (in
+ common sdcc library sources (in
\family typewriter
device/lib
\family default
The PIC14 port uses library routines to provide more complex operations
like multiplication, division/modulus and (generic) pointer dereferencing.
In order to add these routines to your project, you must link with PIC14's
+
\family typewriter
libsdcc.lib
\family default
.
For single source file projects this is done automatically, more complex
- projects must add
+ projects must add
\family typewriter
libsdcc.lib
\family default
\end_inset
bit PIC
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC14}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC14"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
You might also consider recompiling the library for your specific device
- by changing the ARCH=p16f877 (default target) entry in
+ by changing the ARCH=p16f877 (default target) entry in
\family typewriter
device/lib/pic/Makefile.in
\family default
- and
+ and
\family typewriter
device/lib/pic/Makefile
\family default
to reflect your device.
- This might even improve performance for smaller devices as unneccesary
+ This might even improve performance for smaller devices as unnecessary
BANKSELs might be removed.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Functions with variable argument lists (like printf) are not yet supported.
- Similarly, taking the argument of the first argument passed into a function
+ Similarly, taking the address of the first argument passed into a function
does not work: It is currently passed in WREG and has no address...
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
The PIC16
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC16}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC16"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The PIC16 port adds support for Microchip
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Microchip}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Microchip"
\end_inset
\end_inset
PIC
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-18F: 2220, 2221, 2320, 2321, 2331, 2431, 2455, 24j10, 2525, 2550, 25j10,
- 2620
+18F: 2220, 2221, 2320, 2321, 2331, 2410, 2420, 2423, 2431, 2450, 2455, 2480,
+ 24j10
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F: (2510,) 2515, 2520, 2523, 2525, 2550, 2580, 2585, 25j10, 2610, 2620,
+ 2680, 2682, 2685
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-18F: 4220, 4221, 4320, 4321, 4331, 4431, 4455, 44j10, 4520, 4525, 4550,
- 45j10, 4620
+18F: 4220, 4221, 4320, 4321, 4331, 4410, 4420, 4423, 4431, 4450, 4455, 4480,
+ 44j10
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-18F: 6520, 6620, 6680, 6720
+18F: 4510, 4515, 4520, 4523, 4525, 4550, 4580, 4585, 45j10, 4610, 4620,
+ 4680, 4682, 4685
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-18F: 8520, 8620, 8680, 8720
+18F: 6520, 6585, 6620, 6680, 66j60, 66j65, 6720, 67j60
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F: 8520, 8585, 8620, 8680, 86j60, 86j65, 8720, 87j60
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F: 96j60, 96j65, 97j60
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+An up-to-date list of supported devices is also available via '
+\family typewriter
+sdcc -mpic16 -plist
+\family default
+'.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_inset
-callee-saves
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC16!Options!-\/-callee-saves}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC16!Options!-\\/-callee-saves"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-fommit-frame-pointer
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC16!Options!-\/-fommit-frame-pointer}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC16!Options!-\\/-fommit-frame-pointer"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Port Specific Options
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Options PIC16}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Options PIC16"
\end_inset
\end_inset
--pstack-model=[model] Used in conjuction with the command above.
+-pstack-model=[model] Used in conjunction with the command above.
Defines the stack model to be used, valid stack models are:
\end_layout
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
2 tries to check the location of (even different) symbols and removes BANKSELs
if they are in the same bank.
+
\newline
\emph on
\end_inset
--optimize-goto Try to use (conditional) BRA instead of GOTO.
+-no-optimize-goto Do not use (conditional) BRA instead of GOTO.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\end_inset
-mplab-comp MPLAB
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC16!MPLAB}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC16!MPLAB"
\end_inset
\end_inset
--ivt-loc=n Place the interrupt vector table at address
+-ivt-loc=n Place the interrupt vector table at address
\emph on
n
\emph default
\end_inset
-debug
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-debug}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-debug"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Enviroment Variables
+Environment Variables
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There is a number of enviromental variables that can be used when running
+There is a number of environmental variables that can be used when running
SDCC to enable certain optimizations or force a specific program behaviour.
these variables are primarily for debugging purposes so they can be enabled/dis
abled at will.
of bitfields.
(i.e., 80 bytes of code space are saved when compiling malloc.c with this
option).
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\begin_layout Standard
PIC16
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC16}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC16"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
MCU Identification.
+
\emph on
xxxx
\emph default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
In addition the following macros are defined when calling assembler:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
MCU Identification.
+
\emph on
xxxx
\emph default
\begin_layout Standard
PIC16
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC16}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC16"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Pragmas
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:PIC16_Pragmas}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sub:PIC16_Pragmas"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The PIC16
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC16}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC16"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Description
stack
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC16!Pragmas!\#pragma stack}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC16!Pragmas!\\#pragma stack"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Description
code
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC16!Pragmas!\#pragma code}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC16!Pragmas!\\#pragma code"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-This feature allows for linking with specific libraries withoug having to
+\noindent
+This feature allows for linking with specific libraries without having to
explicit name them in the command line.
- Note that the
+ Note that the
\noun on
ignore
\noun default
\begin_layout Subsection
Header Files
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:PIC16_Header-Files}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sub:PIC16_Header-Files"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
There is one main header file
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC16!Header files}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC16!Header files"
\end_inset
that can be included to the source files using the pic16
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC16}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC16"
\end_inset
port.
- That file is the
+ That file is the
\series bold
pic18fregs.h
\series default
\begin_layout Subsection
Libraries
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sub:pic16Libraries"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The libraries
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC16!Libraries}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC16!Libraries"
\end_inset
that PIC16
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC16}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC16"
\end_inset
port depends on are the microcontroller device libraries which contain
the symbol definitions for the microcontroller special function registers.
- These libraries have the format pic18fxxxx.lib, where
+ These libraries have the format pic18fxxxx.lib, where
\emph on
xxxx
\emph default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Libraries are created with gplib which is part of the gputils package
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sourceforge.net/projects/gputils}
+\noindent
+Libraries are created with gplib which is part of the gputils package
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sourceforge.net/projects/gputils"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Before using SDCC/pic16 there are some libraries that need to be compiled.
- This process is not done automatically by SDCC since not all users use
- SDCC for pic16 projects.
- So each user should compile the libraries separately.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The steps to compile the pic16 libraries under Linux and Mac OS X are:
+ This process is done automatically if gputils are found at SDCC's compile
+ time.
+ Should you require to rebuild the pic16 libraries manually, these are the
+ steps required to do so under Linux or Mac OS X (cygwin might work as well,
+ but is untested):
\end_layout
\begin_layout LyX-Code
\end_layout
\begin_layout LyX-Code
-./configure
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
-make
+./configure.gnu
\end_layout
\begin_layout LyX-Code
su -c 'make install' # install the libraries, you need the root password
\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+cd ../..
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
If you need to install the headers too, do:
\end_layout
su -c 'make install' # install the headers, you need the root password
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-There exist a special target to build the I/O libraries.
- This target is not automatically build because it will build the I/O library
- for
-\emph on
-every
-\emph default
- supported device.
- This way building will take quite a lot of time.
- Users are advised to edit the
-\series bold
-device/lib/pic16/pics.build
-\series default
- file and then execute:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
-make lib-io
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Subsection
Adding New Devices to the Port
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Adding support for a new 16
\begin_inset ERT
-status open
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-Add DEVICE to
+Add DEVICE to
\family typewriter
/path/to/sdcc/device/lib/pic16/pics.all
\family default
- (and
-\family typewriter
-.build
-\family default
-).
+
\newline
Note: No 18f prefix here!
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-Adjust
+Edit
\family typewriter
-/path/to/sdcc/device/lib/pic16/libio/*.ignore
-\family default
+/path/to/sdcc/device/include/pic16/adc.h
+\newline
+\family default
+Add the new devices to the correct ADC style class (depending on the number
+ of ADC channels).
\newline
-Add your DEVICE if it does not compile in
+Do not touch
\family typewriter
-adc
+adc.h
\family default
-,
+ if the device does not offer any ADC at all.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Edit
\family typewriter
-i2c
+/path/to/sdcc/device/include/pic16/pic18fregs.h
\family default
-, or
+
+\newline
+The file format is self-explanatory, just add
+\newline
+
\family typewriter
-usart
+#elif defined(picDEVICE)
+\newline
+#
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+
+\backslash
+
+\backslash
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+include <picDEVICE.h>
\family default
-.
+
+\newline
+at the right place (keep the file sorted, please).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-Edit
+Edit
\family typewriter
-/path/to/sdcc/device/include/pic16/pic18fregs.h
-\family default
-.
- The file format is self-explanatory, just add
+/path/to/sdcc/device/include/pic16devices.txt
\newline
+\family default
+Copy and modify an existing entry or create a new one and insert it at the
+ correct place (keep the file sorted, please).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Add the device to
\family typewriter
-#elif defined(picDEVICE)
+/path/to/sdcc/device/lib/pic16/libdev/Makefile.am
+\family default
+
\newline
-# include <picDEVICE.h>
+Copy an existing entry and adjust the device name.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Add the device to
+\family typewriter
+/path/to/sdcc/device/lib/pic16/libio/Makefile.am
\family default
\newline
-at the right place (keep it sorted).
+Copy the record from the 18f2220 and adjust the device name.
+\newline
+If the new device
+ does not offer ADC, I
+\begin_inset Formula $^{\text{2}}$
+\end_inset
+
+C, and/or (E)USART functionality as assumed by the library, remove the lines
+ with references to
+\family typewriter
+adc/*.c
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+usart/*.c
+\family default
+, or
+\family typewriter
+usart/*.c
+\family default
+, respectively.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-Edit
+Update
+\family typewriter
+libdev/Makefile.in
+\family default
+ and
+\family typewriter
+libio/Makefile.in
+\family default
+ using
+\newline
+
+\family typewriter
+./bootstrap.sh
+\family default
+
+\newline
+in
\family typewriter
-/path/to/sdcc/src/pic16/devices.inc
+/path/to/sdcc/device/lib/pic16
\family default
.
- Copy and modify an existing entry and insert it at the correct place (keep
- the file sorted).
- The file is hardly documented, look at the entries for the 18f2221...
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-Recompile SDCC, including the pic16 libraries.
+Recompile the pic16 libraries as described in
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:pic16Libraries"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
It is advisable that all sources within a project are compiled with the
same memory model.
If one wants to override the default memory model, this can be done by
- declaring a pointer as
+ declaring a pointer as
\series bold
far
\series default
- or
+ or
\series bold
near
\series default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The standard device libraries (see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:PIC16_Header-Files}
+The standard device libraries (see
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:PIC16_Header-Files"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The stack
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC16!stack}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC16!stack"
\end_inset
Small
\noun default
model means that only the FSRxL byte is used to access stack and frame,
- while
+ while
\emph on
\noun on
large
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
\noun on
-Large
+Large
\noun default
stack model is currently not working properly throughout the code generator.
So its use is not advised.
\begin_layout Standard
In addition to the standard SDCC function keywords, PIC16
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC16}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC16"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Description
wparam
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC16!wparam}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC16!wparam"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Description
shadowregs
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC16!shadowregs}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC16!shadowregs"
\end_inset
When entering/exiting an ISR, it is possible to take advantage of the PIC18F
hardware shadow registers which hold the values of WREG, STATUS and BSR
registers.
- This can be done by adding the keyword
+ This can be done by adding the keyword
\emph on
shadowregs
\emph default
- before the
+ before the
\emph on
interrupt
\emph default
\begin_layout Standard
An interrupt
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC16!interrupt}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC16!interrupt"
\end_inset
- service routine (ISR) is declared using the
+ service routine (ISR) is declared using the
\emph on
interrupt
\emph default
\end_layout
\begin_layout LyX-Code
-void isr(void) interrupt
+void isr(void) interrupt
\emph on
n
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-When generating assembly code for ISR the code generator places a
+When generating assembly code for ISR the code generator places a
\noun on
-goto
+goto
\noun default
-instruction at the
+instruction at the
\emph on
Interrupt Vector Address
\emph default
- which points at the genetated ISR.
- This single GOTO instruction is part of an automatically generated
+ which points at the generated ISR.
+ This single GOTO instruction is part of an automatically generated
\emph on
interrupt entry point
\emph default
The actuall ISR code is placed as normally would in the code space.
Upon interrupt request, the GOTO instruction is executed which jumps to
the ISR code.
- When declaring interrupt functions as _naked this GOTO instruction is
+ When declaring interrupt functions as _naked this GOTO instruction is
\series bold
not
\series default
Address of the specific interrupt.
This is not a problem for the LOW priority interrupts, but it is a problem
for the RESET and the HIGH priority interrupts because code may be written
- at the next interrupt's vector address and cause undeterminate program
+ at the next interrupt's vector address and cause indeterminate program
behaviour if that interrupt is raised.
\begin_inset Foot
status open
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-this is a HIGH interrupt ISR and LOW interrupts are
+this is a HIGH interrupt ISR and LOW interrupts are
\emph on
disabled
\emph default
\begin_layout Standard
When entering an interrupt, currently the PIC16
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC16}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC16"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-data
+data
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
Generic pointer are read and written with a set of library functions which
read/write 1, 2, 3, 4 bytes.
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In the
+In the
\emph on
stdio.h
\emph default
\begin_layout Standard
The FILE type is actually a generic pointer which defines one more type
- of generic pointers, the
+ of generic pointers, the
\emph on
stream
\emph default
-pointer.
+ pointer.
This new type has the format:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="7">
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
Currently implemented there are 3 types of streams defined:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="4">
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
The stream identifiers are declared as macros in the stdio.h header.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
In the libc library there exist the functions that are used to write to
each of the above streams.
These are
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In order to increase performance
+In order to increase performance
\emph on
putchar
\emph default
-is declared in stdio.h as having its parameter in WREG (it has the wparam
+ is declared in stdio.h as having its parameter in WREG (it has the wparam
keyword).
In stdio.h exists the macro PUTCHAR(arg) that defines the putchar function
in a user-friendly way.
+
\emph on
arg
\emph default
\end_layout
\begin_layout LyX-Code
-}
+}
\newline
\newline
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-For sprintf and vsprintf
+For sprintf and vsprintf
\emph on
buf
\emph default
-should normally be a data pointer where the resulting string will be placed.
- No range checking is done so the user should allocate the necessery buffer.
- For fprintf and vfprintf
+ should normally be a data pointer where the resulting string will be placed.
+ No range checking is done so the user should allocate the necessary buffer.
+ For fprintf and vfprintf
\emph on
fp
\emph default
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-descritpion
+description
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The prototypes for these names are defined in the header file
+\noindent
+The prototypes for these names are defined in the header file
\emph on
signal.h
\emph default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
In order to simplify signal handling, a number of macros is provided:
\end_layout
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
DEF_INTHIGH(name) begin the definition of the interrupt dispatch table for
high priority interrupts.
+
\emph on
name
\emph default
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
DEF_INTLOW(name) begin the definition of the interrupt dispatch table fo
low priority interrupt.
+
\emph on
name
\emph default
\begin_layout List
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-DEF_HANDLER(sig,handler) define a handler for signal
+DEF_HANDLER(sig,handler) define a handler for signal
\emph on
sig.
\end_layout
\series medium
SIGHANDLER(handler)
\series default
-this declares the function prototype for the
+ this declares the function prototype for the
\emph on
handler
\emph default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-when declaring SIGHANDLERNAKED handler never forget to use
+when declaring SIGHANDLERNAKED handler never forget to use
\emph on
retfie
\emph default
\begin_layout Standard
The default stack
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC16!stack}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC16!stack"
\end_inset
Known Bugs
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Extended Instruction Set
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The PIC16 port emits code which is incompatible with the extended instruction
+ set available with many newer devices.
+ Make sure to always explicitly disable it, usually using
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
-The PIC16 Port currently does not pass SDCC's regression test
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Regression test (PIC16)}
+
+\family typewriter
+static __code char __at(__CONFIG4L) conf4l = /* more flags & */ _XINST_OFF_4L;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+Some devices (namely 18f2455, 18f2550, 18f4455, and 18f4550) use _ENHCPU_OFF_4L
+ instead of _XINST_OFF_4L.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Regression Tests
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The PIC16 port currently passes most but not all of the tests in SDCC's
+ regression test
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Regression test (PIC16)"
\end_inset
- suite (see section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:Quality-control}
+ suite (see section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Quality-control"
\end_inset
-) and thus the snapshot build regression tests for the PIC16 target are
- currently disabled for all hosts
-\emph on
-.
+), thus no automatic regression tests are currently performed for the PIC16
+ target.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Chapter
\begin_layout Itemize
run a syntax-checking tool like splint
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{splint (syntax checking tool)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "splint (syntax checking tool)"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{lint (syntax checking tool)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "lint (syntax checking tool)"
\end_inset
\end_inset
--more-pedantic
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{lyx:more-pedantic-SPLINT}
+-more-pedantic
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "lyx:more-pedantic-SPLINT"
\end_inset
\end_inset
--more-pedantic
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{lyx:more-pedantic-SPLINT}
+-more-pedantic
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "lyx:more-pedantic-SPLINT"
\end_inset
) on how to handle syntax extensions like __xdata, __at(), ...
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-there is a separate section about SDCDB (section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{cha:Debugging-with-SDCDB}
+there is a separate section about SDCDB (section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:Debugging-with-SDCDB"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Itemize
or (8051 specific) use a freeware/commercial simulator which interfaces
to the AOMF
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{AOMF, AOMF51}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "AOMF, AOMF51"
\end_inset
- file (see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{OMF file}
+ file (see
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "OMF file"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Debugging On-target:
+Debugging On-target:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
via a serial line and allows to set program counter, to single step through
a program and read/write memory locations.
For the 8051 good examples of monitors are paulmon and cmon51 (see section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:Related-open-source-tools}
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Related-open-source-tools"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Itemize
toggle MCU port pins at strategic points within your code and use an oscilloscop
e.
- A
+ A
\emph on
digital oscilloscope
\emph default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Oscilloscope}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Oscilloscope"
\end_inset
resistor to the oscilloscope probe (check output drive capability of the
pins you want to monitor).
- If you need to monitor many more pins a
+ If you need to monitor many more pins a
\emph on
logic analyzer
\emph default
\emph on
i
\emph default
-n
+n
\emph on
c
\emph default
-ircuit
+ircuit
\emph on
e
\emph default
mulator
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{ICE (in circuit emulator)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "ICE (in circuit emulator)"
\end_inset
Usually very expensive.
And very nice to have too.
And usually locks you (for years...) to the devices the ICE can emulate.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
and a complete debugger is too bulky for the target system.
Therefore usually a debugger on the host system connects to an on-target
debugging stub which accepts only primitive commands.
+
\newline
-Terms to enter into
- your favourite search engine could be 'remote debugging', 'gdb stub' or
- 'inferior debugger'.
+Terms to enter into your favourite search engine could be 'remote debugging',
+ 'gdb stub' or 'inferior debugger'.
(is there one?)
\end_layout
Some of the more modern MCUs include hardware support for setting break
points and monitoring/changing variables by using dedicated hardware pins.
This facility doesn't require additional code to run on the target and
+
\emph on
usually
\emph default
doesn't affect runtime behaviour until a breakpoint is hit.
For the mcs51 most hardware debuggers use the AOMF
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{AOMF, AOMF51}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "AOMF, AOMF51"
\end_inset
- file (see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{OMF file}
+ file (see
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "OMF file"
\end_inset
) as input file.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Itemize
if you are not familiar with any of the following terms you're likely to
- run into problems rather sooner than later:
+ run into problems rather sooner than later:
\emph on
volatile
\emph default
-,
+,
\emph on
atomic
\emph default
-,
+,
\emph on
memory map
\emph default
-,
+,
\emph on
overlay
\emph default
.
- As an embedded programmer you
+ As an embedded programmer you
\emph on
have
\emph default
- to know them so why not look them up
+ to know them so why not look them up
\emph on
before
\emph default
\begin_layout Section
Debugging with SDCDB
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{cha:Debugging-with-SDCDB}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "cha:Debugging-with-SDCDB"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{SDCDB (debugger)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "SDCDB (debugger)"
\end_inset
-
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
SDCC is distributed with a source level debugger
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Debugger}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Debugger"
\end_inset
.
The debugger uses a command line interface, the command repertoire of the
debugger has been kept as close to gdb
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{gdb}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "gdb"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-debug
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-debug}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-debug"
\end_inset
be generated.
The compiler generates a .adb file for each of these files.
The linker creates the .cdb
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{<file>.cdb}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "<file>.cdb"
\end_inset
file from the .adb
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{<file>.adb}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "<file>.adb"
\end_inset
execution is controlled by the debugger.
When a command is issued for the debugger, it translates it into appropriate
commands for the simulator.
- (Currently SDCDM only connects to the simulator but
+ (Currently SDCDM only connects to the simulator but
\emph on
newcdb
\emph default
- at
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://ec2drv.sf.net/}
+ at
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://ec2drv.sf.net/"
\end_inset
- is an effort to connect directly to the hardware.)
+ is an effort to connect directly to the hardware.)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_layout Itemize
foo.ihx - the Intel hex format
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Intel hex format}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Intel hex format"
\end_inset
-directory=/home/src1:/home/src2.
Note there can be no spaces in the option.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
\series bold
-sdcdb>break 100
+sdcdb>break 100
\newline
sdcdb>break foo.c:100
\newline
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection*
-ptype variable
+ptype variable
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-The screenshot was converted from png to eps with:
+The screenshot was converted from png to eps with:
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The
+The
\emph on
p
\emph default
-ortable
+ortable
\emph on
n
\emph default
-etwork
+etwork
\emph on
g
\emph default
-raphics File
+raphics File
\size footnotesize
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/doc/figures/ddd_example.png}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/doc/figures/ddd_example.png"
\end_inset
\size default
shows a screenshot of a debugging session with DDD
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{DDD (debugger)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "DDD (debugger)"
\end_inset
The debugging session might not run as smoothly as the screenshot suggests.
The debugger allows setting of breakpoints, displaying and changing variables,
single stepping through C and assembler code.
+
\newline
-The source was compiled with
+The source was compiled with
\family sans
\series bold
\family sans
\series bold
-debug ddd_example.c
+\family default
+\series default
+
+\family sans
+\series bold
+
\newline
\family default
\series default
\newline
-and DDD was invoked with
+and DDD was invoked with
\family sans
\series bold
status open
\begin_layout Standard
-Check that the double quotes or an apostroph within the command line survive
+Check that the double quotes or an apostrophe within the command line survive
the LyX tool chain.
- Previously the apostrophs got slanted in the PDF output so a cut and paste
+ Previously the apostrophes got slanted in the PDF output so a cut and paste
did not work.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Interfacing SDCDB with XEmacs
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{XEmacs}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "XEmacs"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Emacs}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Emacs"
\end_inset
ion is complete.
These files need to be loaded into XEmacs for the interface to work.
This can be done at XEmacs startup time by inserting the following into
- your '.xemacs' file (which can be found in your HOME directory):
+ your '.xemacs' file (which can be found in your HOME directory):
\newline
\newline
\family typewriter
(load-file sdcdbsrc.el)
\family default
-
+
\newline
\newline
The files can also be loaded dynamically while XEmacs is running, set the
environment variable 'EMACSLOADPATH' to the installation bin directory
(<installdir>/bin), then enter the following command ESC-x load-file sdcdbsrc.
- To start the interface enter the following command:
+ To start the interface enter the following command:
\newline
\newline
\newline
You will prompted to enter the file name to be debugged.
+
\newline
\newline
-The command line
- options that are passed to the simulator directly are bound to default
- values in the file sdcdbsrc.el.
+The command line options that are passed to the simulator directly are
+ bound to default values in the file sdcdbsrc.el.
The variables are listed below, these values maybe changed as required.
\end_layout
\newline
;;\InsetSpace ~
-Current Listing ::
+Current Listing ::
\newline
;;key\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-Comment
+Comment
\newline
;;---\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-------
\newline
-;;
+;;
\newline
;;\InsetSpace ~
n\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-sdcdb-next-from-s
-rc\InsetSpace ~
+sdcdb-next-fro
+m-src\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-SDCDB next command
+SDCDB next command
\newline
;;\InsetSpace ~
b\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-SDCDB back command
+SDCDB back command
\newline
;;\InsetSpace ~
c\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-sdcdb-cont-from-s
-rc\InsetSpace ~
+sdcdb-cont-f
+rom-src\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-SDCDB step command
+SDCDB step command
\newline
;;\InsetSpace ~
?\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-sdcdb-whatis-
-c-sexp\InsetSpace ~
+sdcdb-w
+hatis-c-sexp\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-SDCDB ptypecommand for data at
+SDCDB ptypecommand for data at
\newline
;;\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-buffer point
+buffer point
\newline
;;\InsetSpace ~
x\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-SDCDB
- Delete all breakpoints if no arg
+SDCD
+B Delete all breakpoints if no arg
\newline
;;\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-given or delete arg (C-u arg x)
+given or delete arg (C-u arg x)
\newline
;;\InsetSpace ~
m\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-sdcdbsrc-fr
-ame\InsetSpace ~
+sdcdbsrc
+-frame\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-SDCDB Display current frame if no arg,
+SDCDB Display current frame if no arg,
\newline
;;\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
given or display frame arg
+
\newline
;;\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-buffer
- point
+buffer point
\newline
;;\InsetSpace ~
!\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-Goto the SDCDB output buffer
+Goto the SDCDB output buffer
\newline
;;\InsetSpace ~
p\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-sdcdb-print-c-sexp\InsetSpace ~
+sdcdb-prin
+t-c-sexp\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-SDC
-DB print command for data at
+SDCDB print command for data at
\newline
;;\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-buffer point
+buffer point
\newline
;;\InsetSpace ~
g\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-Goto the
- SDCDB output buffer
+Got
+o the SDCDB output buffer
\newline
;;\InsetSpace ~
t\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-Toggles Sdcdbsrc mode (turns it off)
+Toggles Sdcdbsrc mode (turns it
+ off)
\newline
-;;
+;;
\newline
;;\InsetSpace ~
C-c\InsetSpace ~
-C
--f\InsetSpace ~
+C-f\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-SDCDB finish command
+SDCDB finish command
\newline
-;;
+;;
\newline
;;\InsetSpace ~
C-x\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-sdcdb-break\InsetSpace ~
+sdcdb-brea
+k\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-Set break
- for line with point
+Set break for line with point
\newline
;;\InsetSpace ~
ESC\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-Toggle Sdcdbsrc mode
+Toggle Sdcdbsrc mode
\newline
;;\InsetSpace ~
ESC\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-sdcdbsrc-srcmod
-e\InsetSpace ~
+sdc
+dbsrc-srcmode\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-Toggle list mode
+Toggle list mode
\newline
-;;
+;;
\newline
\family default
use an 'unsigned char' instead of a 'short' or 'int'.
Please note, that ANSI C requires both signed and unsigned chars to be
promoted to 'signed int'
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{promotion to signed int}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "promotion to signed int"
\end_inset
before doing any operation.
This promotion
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{type promotion}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "type promotion"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{type promotion}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "type promotion"
\end_inset
\family typewriter
uc * uc
\family default
- is evaluated as
+ is evaluated as
\family typewriter
(int) uc * (int) uc = (int) 0xfe * (int) 0xfe = (int) 0xfc04 = -1024
\family default
.
+
\newline
Another one:
\end_layout
gcc uses 32 bit ints, while SDCC uses 16 bit ints.
Therefore the results are different.
\newline
-From
+From
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
\begin_layout Itemize
Declare the variables to be local
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{local variables}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "local variables"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Have a look at the assembly listing to get a
+Have a look at the assembly listing to get a
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Porting code from or to other compilers
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:Porting-code-to-other-compilers}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Porting-code-to-other-compilers"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Itemize
check the device specific header files
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Header files}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Header files"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Include files}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Include files"
\end_inset
for compiler specific syntax.
Eventually include the file <compiler.h
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{compiler.h (include file)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "compiler.h (include file)"
\end_inset
->
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/device/include/mcs51/compiler.h?view=markup}
+>
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/device/include/mcs51/compiler.h?view=markup"
\end_inset
to allow using common header files.
(see f.e.
- cc2510fx.h
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/device/include/mcs51/cc2510fx.h?view=markup}
+ cc2510fx.h
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/device/include/mcs51/cc2510fx.h?view=markup"
\end_inset
\emph on
first
\emph default
- and
+ and
\emph on
last
\emph default
relate to time and not to lower/upper memory location here, so this is
+
\emph on
not
\emph default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-check whether the keyword
+check whether the keyword
\emph on
volatile
\emph default
The compilers might differ in their optimization characteristics (as different
versions of the same compiler might also use more clever optimizations
this is good idea anyway).
- See section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:Common-interrupt-pitfall-volatile}
+ See section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Common-interrupt-pitfall-volatile"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-check that the compilers are not told to supress warnings.
+check that the compilers are not told to suppress warnings.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_layout Itemize
check for differences in type promotion.
- Especially check for math operations on
+ Especially check for math operations on
\family typewriter
char
\family default
- or
+ or
\family typewriter
unsigned char
\family default
variables.
- For the sake of C99 compatibility SDCC will probably promote these to
+ For the sake of C99 compatibility SDCC will probably promote these to
\family typewriter
int
\family default
more often than other compilers.
- Eventually insert explicit casts to
+ Eventually insert explicit casts to
\family typewriter
(char)
\family default
-or
+ or
\family typewriter
- (unsigned char)
+(unsigned char)
\family default
.
Also check that the ~\InsetSpace ~
operator
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\~\/ Operator}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\~\\/ Operator"
\end_inset
- is not used on
+ is not used on
\family typewriter
bit
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{bit}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "bit"
\end_inset
\family default
variables, use the !\InsetSpace ~
operator instead.
- See sections
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{type promotion}
+ See sections
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "type promotion"
\end_inset
- and
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:Compatibility-with-previous}
+ and
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Compatibility-with-previous"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Itemize
check for differences in printf parameters (some compilers push (va_arg
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{vararg, va\_arg}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "vararg, va\\_arg"
\end_inset
-) char variables as
+) char variables as
\family typewriter
int
\family default
- others push them as
+ others push them as
\family typewriter
char
\family default
.
- See section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:Compatibility-with-previous}
+ See section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Compatibility-with-previous"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Itemize
check the resulting memory map
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Memory map}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Memory map"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Tools
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Tools}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Tools"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
uCsim
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{uCsim}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "uCsim"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
header file
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Header files}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Header files"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Include files}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Include files"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-Intel Hex packer
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{packihx (tool)}
+Intel Hex packer
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "packihx (tool)"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Documentation
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Documentation}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Documentation"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-You're reading it right now
+You're reading it right now
\emph on
- \InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\newline
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/doc/sdccman.pdf}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/doc/sdccman.pdf"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-sdcc/Changelog
+sdcc/Changelog
\emph on
- \InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\newline
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/ChangeLog}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/ChangeLog"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
ASXXXX
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{asXXXX (as-gbz80, as-hc08, asx8051, as-z80)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "asXXXX (as-gbz80, as-hc08, asx8051, as-z80)"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Assembler documentation}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Assembler documentation"
\end_inset
Assemblers and
\newline
ASLINK
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{aslink}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "aslink"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Linker documentation}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Linker documentation"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-sdcc/as/doc/asxhtm.html
+sdcc/as/doc/asxhtm.html
\emph on
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\newline
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/as/doc/asxhtm.html}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/as/doc/asxhtm.html"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
SDCC regression test
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Regression test}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Regression test"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-sdcc/doc/test_suite_spec.pdf
+sdcc/doc/test_suite_spec.pdf
\emph on
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\newline
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/doc/test_suite_spec.pdf}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/doc/test_suite_spec.pdf"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-sdcc/doc/*
+sdcc/doc/*
\emph on
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\newline
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/doc/}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/doc/"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Notes on debugging with SDCDB
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{SDCDB (debugger)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "SDCDB (debugger)"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-sdcc/debugger/README
+sdcc/debugger/README
\emph on
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
:
\newline
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/debugger/README}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/debugger/README"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
uCsim
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{uCsim}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "uCsim"
\end_inset
\emph default
\bar default
\noun default
-/index.html
+/index.html
\emph on
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\newline
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/sim/ucsim/doc/index.html}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/sim/ucsim/doc/index.html"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Temporary notes on the pic16
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC16}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "PIC16"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-sdcc/src/pic16/NOTES
+sdcc/src/pic16/NOTES
\emph on
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\emph default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/src/pic16/NOTES}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/src/pic16/NOTES"
\end_inset
\emph default
\bar default
\noun default
-f
+f
\emph on
- \InsetSpace ~
+\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\newline
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/doc/cdbfileformat.pdf}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/doc/cdbfileformat.pdf"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Related open source tools
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:Related-open-source-tools}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Related-open-source-tools"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Related tools}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Related tools"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
gpsim
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{gpsim (pic simulator)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "gpsim (pic simulator)"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.dattalo.com/gnupic/gpsim.html}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://www.dattalo.com/gnupic/gpsim.html"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
gputils
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{gputils (pic tools)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "gputils (pic tools)"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sourceforge.net/projects/gputils}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sourceforge.net/projects/gputils"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://freshmeat.net/projects/flp5/}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://freshmeat.net/projects/flp5/"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sourceforge.net/projects/ec2drv}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sourceforge.net/projects/ec2drv"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
indent
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{indent (source formatting tool)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "indent (source formatting tool)"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://directory.fsf.org/GNU/indent.html}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://directory.fsf.org/GNU/indent.html"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
srecord
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{srecord (bin, hex, ... tool)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "srecord (bin, hex, ... tool)"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sourceforge.net/projects/srecord}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sourceforge.net/projects/srecord"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
objdump
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{objdump (tool)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "objdump (tool)"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sourceforge.net/projects/cmon51}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sourceforge.net/projects/cmon51"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
doxygen
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{doxygen (source documentation tool)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "doxygen (source documentation tool)"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.doxygen.org}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://www.doxygen.org"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.kdevelop.org}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://www.kdevelop.org"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.pjrc.com/tech/8051/paulmon2.html}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://www.pjrc.com/tech/8051/paulmon2.html"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
splint
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{splint (syntax checking tool)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "splint (syntax checking tool)"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-Statically checks c sources (see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{lyx:more-pedantic-SPLINT}
+Statically checks c sources (see
+\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+reference "lyx:more-pedantic-SPLINT"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.splint.org}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://www.splint.org"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
ddd
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{DDD (debugger)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "DDD (debugger)"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Debugger, serves nicely as GUI to SDCDB
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{SDCDB (debugger)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "SDCDB (debugger)"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/ddd/}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://www.gnu.org/software/ddd/"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
d52
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{d52}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "d52"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{d52 (disassembler)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "d52 (disassembler)"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Disassembler, can count instruction cycles
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{instruction cycles (count)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "instruction cycles (count)"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.8052.com/users/disasm/}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://www.8052.com/users/disasm/"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
cmake
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{cmake}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "cmake"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Cross platform build system, generates Makefiles
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Makefile}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Makefile"
\end_inset
and project workspaces
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{project workspace}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "project workspace"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.cmake.org}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://www.cmake.org"
\end_inset
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-and a dedicated wiki entry:
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.cmake.org/Wiki/CmakeSdcc}
+and a dedicated wiki entry:
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://www.cmake.org/Wiki/CmakeSdcc"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
C Reference Card
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{C Reference card}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "C Reference card"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://refcards.com/refcards/c/index.html}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://refcards.com/refcards/c/index.html"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
C-FAQ
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{C FAQ}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "C FAQ"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.c-faq.com}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://www.c-faq.com"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/standards.html#9899}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/standards.html#9899"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n1021.pdf}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n1021.pdf"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
SDCC makes no claims about the completeness of this list and about up-to-datenes
s or correctness of the application notes
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Application notes}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Application notes"
\end_inset
\size footnotesize
Using the SDCC Compiler for the DS80C400
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{DS80C400}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "DS80C400"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://pdfserv.maxim-ic.com/en/an/AN3346.pdf}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://pdfserv.maxim-ic.com/en/an/AN3346.pdf"
\end_inset
\size footnotesize
Using the Free SDCC C Compiler to Develop Firmware for the DS89C420/430/440/450
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{DS89C4x0}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "DS89C4x0"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://pdfserv.maxim-ic.com/en/an/AN3477.pdf}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://pdfserv.maxim-ic.com/en/an/AN3477.pdf"
\end_inset
\size footnotesize
Integrating SDCC 8051 Tools Into The Silicon Labs IDE
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{IDE}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "IDE"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.silabs.com/public/documents/tpub_doc/anote/Microcontrollers/en/an198.pdf}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://www.silabs.com/public/documents/tpub_doc/anote/Microcontrollers/en/an198.pdf"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.ramtron.com/doc/Products/Microcontroller/Support_Tools.asp}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://www.ramtron.com/doc/Products/Microcontroller/Support_Tools.asp"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-Installing and Configuring SDCC and Crimson Editor
+Installing and Configuring SDCC and Crimson Editor
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.ramtron.com/doc/Products/Microcontroller/Support_Tools.asp}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://www.ramtron.com/doc/Products/Microcontroller/Support_Tools.asp"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://focus.ti.com/general/docs/lit/getliterature.tsp?literatureNumber=sbaa109&fileType=pdf}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://focus.ti.com/general/docs/lit/getliterature.tsp?literatureNumber=sbaa109&fileType=pdf"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Some questions answered, some pointers given - it might be time to in turn
- ask
+ ask
\emph on
you
\emph default
- some questions:
+ some questions:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_layout Standard
Maybe not all answers to these questions are known and some answers may
- even be
+ even be
\emph on
no
\emph default
\begin_layout Chapter
Support
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Support}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Support"
\end_inset
You can help by reporting the bugs and helping other SDCC users.
There are lots of ways to contribute, and we encourage you to take part
in making SDCC a great software package.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The SDCC project is hosted on the SDCC sourceforge site at
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://sourceforge.net/projects/sdcc}
+The SDCC project is hosted on the SDCC sourceforge site at
+\begin_inset LatexCommand htmlurl
+target "http://sourceforge.net/projects/sdcc"
\end_inset
.
You'll find the complete set of mailing lists
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Mailing list(s)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Mailing list(s)"
\end_inset
, forums, bug reporting system, patch submission
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Patch submission}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Patch submission"
\end_inset
system, download
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{download}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "download"
\end_inset
area and Subversion code repository
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Subversion code repository}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Subversion code repository"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Reporting Bugs
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Bug reporting}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Bug reporting"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Reporting bugs}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Reporting bugs"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-dumpall
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-dumpall}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-dumpall"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Enumerate
Attach the code you are compiling with SDCC.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
Specify the exact command you use to run SDCC, or attach your Makefile.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
\family default
\series default
"), your platform, and operating system.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
Provide an exact copy of any error message or incorrect output.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
chance that SDCC users and developers will be able to help you.
Some SDCC developers are frustrated by bug reports without code provided
that they can use to reproduce and ultimately fix the problem, so please
- be sure to provide sample code if you are reporting a bug!
+ be sure to provide sample code if you are reporting a bug!
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Please have a short check that you are using a recent version of SDCC and
the bug is not yet known.
- This is the link for reporting bugs:
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=599&atid=100599}
+ This is the link for reporting bugs:
+\begin_inset LatexCommand htmlurl
+target "http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=599&atid=100599"
\end_inset
.
With SDCC on average having more than 200 downloads
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{download}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "download"
\end_inset
there must be some users.
So it's not exactly easy to find a new bug.
- If you find one we need it:
+ If you find one we need it:
\emph on
reporting bugs is good
\emph default
\begin_layout Section
Requesting Features
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:Requesting-Features}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Requesting-Features"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Feature request}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Feature request"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Requesting features}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Requesting features"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Like bug reports feature requests are forwarded to the developer mailing
list.
- This is the link for requesting features:
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=599&atid=350599}
+ This is the link for requesting features:
+\begin_inset LatexCommand htmlurl
+target "http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=599&atid=350599"
\end_inset
Like bug reports contributed patches are forwarded to the developer mailing
list.
This is the link for submitting patches
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Patch submission}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Patch submission"
\end_inset
-:
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=599&atid=300599}
+:
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=599&atid=300599"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You need to specify some parameters to the
+You need to specify some parameters to the
\family typewriter
diff
\family default
command for the patches to be useful.
If you modified more than one file a patch created f.e.
- with
+ with
\family sans
\series bold
\family default
\series default
- will be fine, otherwise
+ will be fine, otherwise
\family sans
\series bold
\family default
\series default
-will do.
+ will do.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-These links should take you directly to the
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[Mailing lists]{http://sourceforge.net/mail/?group_id=599}
+These links should take you directly to the
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+name "Mailing lists"
+target "http://sourceforge.net/mail/?group_id=599"
\end_inset
\end_inset
- and the
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[Forums]{http://sourceforge.net/forum/?group_id=599}
+ and the
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+name "Forums"
+target "http://sourceforge.net/forum/?group_id=599"
\end_inset
, lists
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Mailing list(s)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Mailing list(s)"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
You can follow the status of the Subversion version
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{version}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "version"
\end_inset
of SDCC by watching the Changelog
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Changelog}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Changelog"
\end_inset
in the Subversion repository
\size footnotesize
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.cgi/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/ChangeLog}
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand htmlurl
+target "http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.cgi/*checkout*/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/ChangeLog"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The output of
+The output of
\family sans
\series bold
sdcc -
\series default
or the filenames of the snapshot versions of SDCC include date and its
Subversion
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Subversion code repository}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Subversion code repository"
\end_inset
number.
Subversion allows to download the source of recent or previous versions
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sourceforge.net/svn/?group_id=599}
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sourceforge.net/svn/?group_id=599"
\end_inset
there.
SDCC versions starting from 1999 up to now are available (currently the
versions prior to the conversion from cvs
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{cvs|see{Subversion}}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "cvs|see{Subversion}"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Release policy
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Release policy}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Release policy"
\end_inset
but as this was fixed a while ago, the current problem is that another
excuse has to be found.
Kidding aside, we have to get better there! On the other hand there are
- daily snapshots available at
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl[snap]{http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/snap.php}
+ daily snapshots available at
+\begin_inset LatexCommand htmlurl
+name "snap"
+target "http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/snap.php"
\end_inset
, and you can always build the very last version (hopefully with many bugs
- fixed, and features added) from the source code available at
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl[Source]{http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/snap.php#Source}
+ fixed, and features added) from the source code available at
+\begin_inset LatexCommand htmlurl
+name "Source"
+target "http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/snap.php#Source"
\end_inset
.
The SDCC Wiki
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{wiki}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "wiki"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{SDCC Wiki}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "SDCC Wiki"
\end_inset
- at
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.wiki.sourceforge.net/}
+ at
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sdcc.wiki.sourceforge.net/"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Examples
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Examples}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Examples"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You'll find some small examples in the directory
+You'll find some small examples in the directory
\emph on
sdcc/device/examples/.
+
\emph default
-More examples and libraries are available at
+ More examples and libraries are available at
\emph on
- The SDCC Open Knowledge Resource
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdccokr.dl9sec.de/}
+The SDCC Open Knowledge Resource
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sdccokr.dl9sec.de/"
\end_inset
\emph default
-web site or at
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.pjrc.com/tech/8051/}
+ web site or at
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://www.pjrc.com/tech/8051/"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Quality control
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:Quality-control}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Quality-control"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Quality control}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Quality control"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The compiler is passed through snaphot build compile and build checks.
- The so called
+ The so called
\shape italic
regression tests
\shape default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Regression test}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Regression test"
\end_inset
The regression test suite comprises more than 100 files which expand to
more than 500 test cases which include more than 4500 tests.
The results of these tests are published daily on SDCC's snapshot page
- (click on the red or green symbols on the right side of
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/snap.php}
+ (click on the red or green symbols on the right side of
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/snap.php"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There is a separate document
+There is a separate document
\shape italic
-test_suite.pdf
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Test suite}
+test_suite.pdf
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Test suite"
\end_inset
\shape default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/doc/test_suite_spec.pdf}
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/doc/test_suite_spec.pdf"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You'll find the test code in the directory
+You'll find the test code in the directory
\shape italic
sdcc/support/regression
\shape default
.
- You can run these tests manually by running
+ You can run these tests manually by running
\family sans
make
\family default
in this directory (or f.e.
+
\family sans
\series bold
\series default
if you don't want to run the complete tests).
The test code might also be interesting if you want to look for examples
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Examples}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Examples"
\end_inset
checking corner cases of SDCC or if you plan to submit patches
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Patch submission}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Patch submission"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The PIC14 port uses a different set of regression tests
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Regression test (PIC14)}
+The PIC14 port uses a different set of regression tests
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Regression test (PIC14)"
\end_inset
-, you'll find them in the directory
+, you'll find them in the directory
\shape italic
sdcc/src/regression
\shape default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In short:
+In short:
\emph on
highly
\emph default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-give students a chance to understand the
+give students a chance to understand the
\emph on
complete
\emph default
have a curriculum that can be extended for years.
Then you could use an fpga board as target and your curriculum will seamlessly
extend from logic synthesis (
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[http://www.opencores.org]{opencores.org}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+name "http://www.opencores.org"
+target "opencores.org"
\end_inset
-,
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[Oregano]{http://www.oregano.at/ip/ip01.htm}
+,
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+name "Oregano"
+target "http://www.oregano.at/ip/ip01.htm"
\end_inset
), over assembly programming, to C to FPGA compilers (
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[FPGAC]{http://sf.net/projects/fpgac}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+name "FPGAC"
+target "http://sf.net/projects/fpgac"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Enumerate
be able to insert excursions about skills like using a revision control
system, submitting/applying patches, using a type-setting (as opposed to
- word-processing) engine LyX/LaTeX, using
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[SourceForge]{http://www.sf.net}
+ word-processing) engine LyX/LaTeX, using
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+name "SourceForge"
+target "http://www.sf.net"
\end_inset
-, following some
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[netiquette]{http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netiquette}
+, following some
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+name "netiquette"
+target "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netiquette"
\end_inset
, understanding BSD/LGPL/GPL/Proprietary licensing, growth models of Open
Source Software, CPU simulation, compiler regression tests
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Regression test}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Regression test"
\end_inset
.
+
\newline
And if there should be a shortage of ideas then you can always point students
- to the ever-growing feature request list
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=599&atid=350599}
+ to the ever-growing feature request list
+\begin_inset LatexCommand htmlurl
+target "http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=599&atid=350599"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Enumerate
not tie students to a specific host platform and instead allow them to use
- a host platform of
+ a host platform of
\emph on
their
\emph default
choice (among them Alpha, i386, i386_64, Mac OS X, Mips, Sparc, Windows
- and eventually
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[OLPC]{http://www.laptop.org}
+ and eventually
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+name "OLPC"
+target "http://www.laptop.org"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-give back to the public as you are probably at least partially publically
+give back to the public as you are probably at least partially publicly
funded
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-give students a chance to publically prove their skills and to possibly
- see a world wide impact
+give students a chance to publicly prove their skills and to possibly see
+ a world wide impact
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Section
Optimizations
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Optimizations}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Optimizations"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
SDCC performs a host of standard optimizations in addition to some MCU specific
optimizations.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Sub-expression Elimination
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Subexpression elimination}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Subexpression elimination"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The compiler does local and
+The compiler does local and
\emph on
g
\emph default
-lobal
+lobal
\emph on
c
\emph default
-ommon
+ommon
\emph on
s
\emph default
-ubexpression
+ubexpression
\emph on
e
\emph default
-limination, e.g.:
+limination, e.g.:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-i = x + y + 1;
+i = x + y + 1;
\newline
j = x + y;
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-iTemp = x + y;
+iTemp = x + y;
\newline
-i = iTemp + 1;
+i = iTemp + 1;
\newline
j = iTemp;
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-a->b[i].c = 10;
+a->b[i].c = 10;
\newline
a->b[i].d = 11;
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-iTemp = a->b[i];
+iTemp = a->b[i];
\newline
-iTemp.c = 10;
+iTemp.c = 10;
\newline
iTemp.d = 11;
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Dead-Code Elimination
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Dead-code elimination}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Dead-code elimination"
\end_inset
\newline
\newline
-void f () {
+void f () {
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-int i;
+int i;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-/* dead store */
+/* dead store */
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
global = 1;\InsetSpace ~
-/* dead store
- */
+/* dead
+ store */
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-global = 2;
+global = 2;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-return;
+return;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
global = 3;\InsetSpace ~
-/* unreachable */
+/* unreachable */
\newline
}
\end_layout
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-global = 2;
+global = 2;
\newline
}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Copy-Propagation
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Copy propagation}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Copy propagation"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-int f() {
+int f() {
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-int i, j;
+int i, j;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-i = 10;
+i = 10;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-j = i;
+j = i;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-return j;
+return j;
\newline
}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-will be changed to
+will be changed to
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-int f() {
+int f() {
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-int i, j;
+int i, j;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-i = 10;
+i = 10;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-j = 10;
+j = 10;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-return 10;
+return 10;
\newline
}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Loop Optimizations
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Loop optimization}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Loop optimization"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:Loop-Optimizations}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Loop-Optimizations"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Two types of loop optimizations are done by SDCC
+Two types of loop optimizations are done by SDCC
\emph on
loop invariant
\emph default
- lifting and
+ lifting and
\emph on
- strength reduction
+strength reduction
\emph default
of loop induction variables.
In addition to the strength reduction the optimizer marks the induction
variables and the register allocator tries to keep the induction variables
in registers for the duration of the loop.
Because of this preference of the register allocator
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Register allocation}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Register allocation"
\end_inset
, loop induction optimization causes an increase in register pressure, which
may cause unwanted spilling of other temporary variables into the stack
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{stack}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "stack"
\end_inset
-noinduction option) or for a given function only using #pragma\InsetSpace ~
noinduction
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma noinduction}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma noinduction"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-for (i = 0 ; i < 100 ; i ++)
+for (i = 0 ; i < 100 ; i ++)
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-itemp = k + l;
+itemp = k + l;
\newline
-for (i = 0; i < 100; i++)
+for (i = 0; i < 100; i++)
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\newline
Strength Reduction
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Strength reduction}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Strength reduction"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-itemp1 = 0;
+itemp1 = 0;
\newline
-itemp2 = 0;
+itemp2 = 0;
\newline
-for (i=0;i< 100;i++) {
+for (i=0;i< 100;i++) {
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-ar[itemp1] = itemp2;
+ar[itemp1] = itemp2;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-itemp1 +=
- 5;
+itemp1
+ += 5;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-itemp2 += 3;
+itemp2 += 3;
\newline
}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The more expensive multiplication
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Multiplication}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Multiplication"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Loop Reversing
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Loop reversing}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Loop reversing"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
This optimization is done to reduce the overhead of checking loop boundaries
for every iteration.
- Some simple loops can be reversed and implemented using a
+ Some simple loops can be reversed and implemented using a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-The 'for' loop is of the form
+The 'for' loop is of the form
\newline
\newline
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-The <for body> does not contain
+The <for body> does not contain
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
- i = j;
+ i = j;
\newline
i /= 2;\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
- i >>= 1;
+ i >>= 1;
\newline
-i =
- j - j;\InsetSpace ~
+i
+ = j - j;\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
- i = 0;
+ i = 0;
\newline
i = j / 1;\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\begin_layout Standard
Note the subexpressions
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Subexpression}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Subexpression"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
'switch' Statements
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:'switch'-Statements}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sub:'switch'-Statements"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{switch statement}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "switch statement"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
SDCC can optimize switch statements to jump tables
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{jump tables}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "jump tables"
\end_inset
.
It makes the decision based on an estimate of the generated code size.
- SDCC is quite liberal in the requirements for jump table generation:
+ SDCC is quite liberal in the requirements for jump table generation:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-switch (i) {
+switch (i) {
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 0: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 1: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-case
- 3: ...
+case 3: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 4: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 5: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 6: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 7: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-case
- 11: ...\InsetSpace ~
+case 11: ...\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 8: ...
+
\newline
}\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
If the case labels are not in numerical sequence ('gaps' between cases)
SDCC checks whether a jump table with additionally inserted dummy cases
is still attractive.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-switch (i) {
+switch (i) {
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 1: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 2: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 3: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 4: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 5: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 6: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 7: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-case
- 101: ...
+case 101: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 102: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 103: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 104: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 105: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 106: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 107: ...
+
\newline
}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-switch (i) {
+switch (i) {
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 1: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 2: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 3: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 4: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 5: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 6: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 7: ...
+
\newline
}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-switch (i) {
+switch (i) {
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 101: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 102: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 103: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 104: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 105: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-case 106:
- ...
+case 106: ...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
case 107: ...
+
\newline
}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The pragma nojtbound
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\#pragma nojtbound}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\#pragma nojtbound"
\end_inset
- can be used to turn off checking the
+ can be used to turn off checking the
\emph on
j
\emph default
-ump
+ump
\emph on
t
\emph default
-able
+able
\emph on
bound
\emph default
aries.
It has no effect if a default label is supplied.
Use of this pragma is dangerous: if the switch
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{switch statement}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "switch statement"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Bit-shifting Operations
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Bit shifting}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Bit shifting"
\end_inset
unsigned char i;
\newline
...
+
\newline
-i >>= 4;
+i >>= 4;
\newline
...
\end_layout
\family typewriter
mov\InsetSpace ~
- a,_i
+ a,_i
\newline
-swap a
+swap a
\newline
anl\InsetSpace ~
- a,#0x0f
+ a,#0x0f
\newline
mov\InsetSpace ~
_i,a
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-unsigned int i;
+unsigned int i;
\newline
...
+
\newline
-i >>= 9;
+i >>= 9;
\newline
...
\end_layout
\family typewriter
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-a,(_i + 1)
+a,(_i + 1)
\newline
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-(_i + 1),#0x00
+(_i + 1),#0x00
\newline
clr\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-c
+c
\newline
rrc\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-a
+a
\newline
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\begin_layout Subsection
Bit-rotation
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Bit rotation}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Bit rotation"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
A special case of the bit-shift operation is bit rotation
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{rotating bits}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "rotating bits"
\end_inset
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-/* unsigned is needed for rotation */
+/* unsigned is needed for rotation */
\newline
...
+
\newline
i = ((i << 1) | (i >> 7));
\family default
-
+
\newline
\family typewriter
\family typewriter
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-a,_i
+a,_i
\newline
rl\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-a
+a
\newline
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\begin_layout Standard
SDCC uses pattern matching on the parse tree to determine this operation.Variatio
-ns of this case will also be recognized as bit-rotation, i.e.:
+ns of this case will also be recognized as bit-rotation, i.e.:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
\begin_layout Standard
Other special cases of the bit-shift operations are nibble or byte swapping
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{swapping nibbles/bytes}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "swapping nibbles/bytes"
\end_inset
\series default
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-char i;
+char i;
\newline
\series bold
\series default
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-int j;
+int j;
\newline
...
+
\newline
i = ((i << 4) | (i >> 4));
\family default
-
+
\newline
\family typewriter
-j = ((j << 8) | (j >> 8));
+j = ((j << 8) | (j >> 8));
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
and generates a swap instruction for the nibble swapping
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Nibble swapping}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Nibble swapping"
\end_inset
or move instructions for the byte swapping
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Byte swapping}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Byte swapping"
\end_inset
.
- The
+ The
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
\end_inset
example can be used to convert from little to big-endian or vice versa.
- If you want to change the endianness of a
+ If you want to change the endianness of a
\emph on
signed
\emph default
- integer you have to cast to
+ integer you have to cast to
\family typewriter
(unsigned int)
\family default
\begin_layout Standard
Usually 8-bit processors don't care much about endianness.
This is not the case for the standard 8051 which only has an instruction
- to increment its
+ to increment its
\emph on
dptr
\emph default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{DPTR}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "DPTR"
\end_inset
--datapointerso little-endian is the more efficient byte order.
+-datapointer so little-endian is the more efficient byte order.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{little-endian}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "little-endian"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Endianness}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Endianness"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Highest Order Bit
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Highest Order Bit}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Highest Order Bit"
\end_inset
/ Any Order Bit
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Any Order Bit}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Any Order Bit"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-unsigned int gint;
+unsigned int gint;
\newline
\newline
-foo () {
+foo () {
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-unsigned char hob1, aob1;
+unsigned char hob1, aob1;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
bit hob2, hob3, aob2,
- aob3;
+ aob3;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-hob1 = (gint >> 15) & 1;
+hob1 = (gint >> 15) & 1;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-hob2 = (gint >> 15) & 1;
+hob2 = (gint >> 15) & 1;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
hob3 = gint & 0x8000;
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-aob1
- = (gint >> 9) & 1;
+aob1 = (gint >> 9) & 1;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-aob2 = (gint >> 8) & 1;
+aob2 = (gint >> 8) & 1;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-aob3 = gint & 0x0800;
+aob3 = gint & 0x0800;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
..
+
\newline
}
\end_layout
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
61 ;\InsetSpace ~
- hob.c 7
+ hob.c 7
\newline
000A E5*01\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
- a,(_gint + 1)
+ a,(_gint + 1)
\newline
000C 23\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
rl\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
- a
+ a
\newline
000D 54 01\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
+
64\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-
anl\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
- a,#0x01
+ a,#0x01
\newline
000F F5*02\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
- _foo_hob1_1_1,a
+ _foo_hob1_1_1,a
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
66 ;\InsetSpace ~
- hob.c 8
+ hob.c 8
\newline
0011 E5*01\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
+
67\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-
- a,(_gint + 1)
+ a,(_gint + 1)
\newline
0013 33\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
rlc\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
- a
+ a
\newline
0014 92*00\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
_foo_hob2_1_1,c
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
66 ;\InsetSpace ~
- hob.c
- 9
+ hob.c 9
\newline
0016 E5*01\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
- a,(_gint + 1)
+ a,(_gint + 1)
\newline
0018 33\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
rlc\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
- a
+ a
\newline
0019 92*01\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
+
69\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
- _foo_hob3_1_1
-,c
+ _foo_hob3_1_1,c
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
70 ;\InsetSpace ~
- hob.c 10
+ hob.c 10
\newline
001B E5*01\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
- a,(_gint + 1)
+ a,(_gint + 1)
\newline
-001D 03\InsetSpace ~
+001D
+ 03\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
rr\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
- a
+ a
\newline
001E 54 01\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-
73\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
anl\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
- a,#0x01
+ a,#0x01
\newline
0020 F5*03\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
_foo_aob1_1_1,a
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
75 ;\InsetSpace ~
- hob.c 11
+ hob.c 11
\newline
0022 E5*01\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-
76\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
- a,(_gint + 1)
+ a,(_gint + 1)
\newline
0024 13\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
rrc\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
- a
+ a
\newline
0025 92*02\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
+
78\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
- _foo_aob2_1_1,c
+ _foo_aob2_1_1,c
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
- 79
- ;\InsetSpace ~
- hob.c 12
+ 79 ;\InsetSpace ~
+ hob.c 12
\newline
0027 E5*01\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
- a,(_gint + 1)
+ a,(_gint + 1)
\newline
-0029 A2 E3\InsetSpace ~
+0029
+ A2 E3\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
- c,acc[3]
+ c,acc[3]
\newline
-002B
- 92*03\InsetSpace ~
+002B 92*03\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
- _foo_aob3_1_1,c
+ _foo_aob3_1_1,c
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Other variations of these cases however will
+Other variations of these cases however will
\emph on
not
\emph default
\begin_layout Subsection
Higher Order Byte
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Higher Order Byte}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Higher Order Byte"
\end_inset
/ Higher Order Word
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Higher Order Word}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Higher Order Word"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-unsigned int gint;
+unsigned int gint;
\newline
-unsigned long int glong;
+unsigned long int glong;
\newline
\newline
-foo () {
+foo () {
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-unsigned char hob1, hob2;
+unsigned char hob1,
+ hob2;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-unsig
-ned int how1, how2;
+unsigned int how1, how2;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-hob1 = (gint >> 8) & 0xFF;
+hob1 = (gint >> 8) & 0xFF;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-hob2 = glong >> 24;
+hob2 = glong >> 24;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-how1 = (glong
- >> 16) & 0xFFFF;
+how1 = (glong >> 16) & 0xFFFF;
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-how2 = glong >> 8;
+how2 = glong >> 8;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
..
+
\newline
}
\end_layout
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
91 ;\InsetSpace ~
- hob.c 15
+ hob.c 15
\newline
0037 85*01*06\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
- _foo_hob1_1_1,(_gint + 1)
+ _foo_hob1_1_1,(_gint + 1)
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
93 ;\InsetSpace ~
- hob.c 16
+ hob.c
+ 16
\newline
-003A
- 85*05*07\InsetSpace ~
+003A 85*05*07\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
- _foo_hob2_1_1,(_glong + 3)
+ _foo_hob2_1_1,(_glong + 3)
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
95 ;\InsetSpace ~
- hob.c 17
+ hob.c 17
\newline
003D 85*04*08\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
+
96\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
- _foo_how1_1_1,(_glong + 2)
+ _foo_how1_1_1,(_glong + 2)
\newline
0040 85*05*09\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
- (_foo_how1_1_1 + 1),(_glong
- + 3)
+ (_foo_how1_1_1 +
+ 1),(_glong + 3)
\newline
0043 85*03*0A\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
- _foo_how2_1_1,(_glong + 1)
+ _foo_how2_1_1,(_glong + 1)
\newline
0046 85*04*0B\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
+
99\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
mov\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-
- (_foo_how2_1_1 + 1),(_glong + 2)
+ (_foo_how2_1_1 + 1),(_glong + 2)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Again, variations of these cases may
+Again, variations of these cases may
\emph on
not
\emph default
\begin_layout Subsection
Peephole Optimizer
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:Peephole-Optimizer}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Peephole-Optimizer"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Peephole optimizer}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Peephole optimizer"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The compiler uses a rule based, pattern matching and re-writing mechanism
for peep-hole optimization.
- It is inspired by
+ It is inspired by
\emph on
copt
\emph default
@\InsetSpace ~
microsoft.com).
A default set of rules are compiled into the compiler, additional rules
- may be added with the
+ may be added with the
\emph on
-
\begin_inset ERT
\end_inset
-peep-file
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-peep-file}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-peep-file"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-replace {
+replace {
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-mov %1,a
+mov %1,a
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\begin_layout Standard
The above rule will change the following assembly
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Assembler routines}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Assembler routines"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-mov r1,a
+mov r1,a
\newline
mov a,r1
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Note: All occurrences of a
+Note: All occurrences of a
\emph on
%n
\emph default
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-mov r1,a
+mov r1,a
\newline
mov a,r2
\end_layout
\newline
Other special case optimizations may be added by the
- user (via
+ user (via
\emph on
-
\begin_inset ERT
).
E.g.
some variants of the 8051 MCU
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{MCS51 variants}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "MCS51 variants"
\end_inset
- allow only
+ allow only
\family typewriter
ajmp
\family default
- and
+ and
\family typewriter
acall
\family default
.
- The following two rules will change all
+ The following two rules will change all
\family typewriter
ljmp
\family default
- and
+ and
\family typewriter
lcall
\family default
- to
+ to
\family typewriter
ajmp
\family default
- and
+ and
\family typewriter
acall
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-replace { lcall %1 } by { acall %1 }
+replace { lcall %1 } by { acall %1 }
\newline
replace { ljmp %1 } by { ajmp %1 }
\end_layout
\emph default
-acall-ajmp
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-acall-ajmp}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-acall-ajmp"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The
+The
\emph on
inline-assembler code
\emph default
\family typewriter
rule := replace [ restart ] '{' <assembly sequence> '
\backslash
-n'
+n'
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
'}' by '{' '
\backslash
-n'
+n'
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
<assembly sequence> '
\backslash
-n'
+n'
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
'}' [if <functionName> ] '
\backslash
-n'
+n'
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-replace restart {
+replace restart {
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-pop %1
+pop %1
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-push %1 } by {
+push %1 } by {
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-; nop
+; nop
\newline
}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-pop ar1
+pop ar1
\newline
-pop ar2
+pop ar2
\newline
-push ar2
+push ar2
\newline
push ar1
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-pop ar1
+pop ar1
\newline
-; nop
+; nop
\newline
push ar1
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-; nop
+; nop
\newline
; nop
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-replace {
+replace {
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-ljmp %5
+ljmp %5
\newline
%2:
\newline
-} by {
+} by {
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-sjmp %5
+sjmp %5
\newline
%2:
\newline
\begin_layout Standard
The optimizer does a look-up of a function name table defined in function
+
\emph on
callFuncByName
\emph default
- in the source file SDCCpeeph.c, with the name
+ in the source file SDCCpeeph.c, with the name
\emph on
labelInRange
\emph default
.
If it finds a corresponding entry the function is called.
Note there can be no parameters specified for these functions, in this
- case the use of
+ case the use of
\emph on
%5
\emph default
- is crucial, since the function
+ is crucial, since the function
\emph on
labelInRange
\emph default
g the variable bindings is passed as a parameter).
If you want to code more such functions, take a close look at the function
labelInRange and the calling mechanism in source file SDCCpeeph.c.
- Currently implemented are
+ Currently implemented are
\emph on
labelInRange, labelRefCount, labelIsReturnOnly, operandsNotSame, xramMovcOption,
24bitMode, portIsDS390, 24bitModeAndPortDS390
\emph default
-and
+ and
\emph on
- notVolatile
+notVolatile
\emph default
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
ANSI-Compliance
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{ANSI-compliance}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "ANSI-compliance"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:ANSI-Compliance}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sub:ANSI-Compliance"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The latest publically available version of the standard
+The latest publicly available version of the standard
\emph on
- ISO/IEC 9899 - Programming languages - C
+ISO/IEC 9899 - Programming languages - C
\emph default
- should be available at:
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/standards.html#9899}
+ should be available at:
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/standards.html#9899"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Itemize
functions are not reentrant
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{reentrant}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "reentrant"
\end_inset
- unless explicitly declared as such or the
+ unless explicitly declared as such or the
\series bold
-
\begin_inset ERT
\end_inset
-stack-auto
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-stack-auto}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-stack-auto"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Itemize
structures
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{struct}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "struct"
\end_inset
and unions
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{union}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "union"
\end_inset
cannot be assigned values directly, cannot be passed as function parameters
or assigned to each other and cannot be a return value
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{return value}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "return value"
\end_inset
\family typewriter
struct s { ...
- };
+ };
\newline
-struct s s1, s2;
+struct s s1, s2;
\newline
-foo()
+foo()
\newline
-{
+{
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-s1 = s2 ; /* is invalid in SDCC although allowed
- in ANSI */
+s1 = s2 ; /* is invalid in SDCC although allowed in ANSI */
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
...
+
\newline
}
\newline
\series bold
struct
+\family default
\series default
- s foo1 (
+
+\family typewriter
+s foo1 (
\series bold
struct
+\family default
\series default
- s parms) /* invalid in SDCC although allowed in ANSI */
+
+\family typewriter
+s parms) /* invalid in SDCC although allowed in ANSI */
\newline
-{
+{
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
struct s rets;
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
...
+
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-return
- rets; /* is invalid in SDCC although allowed in ANSI */
+return rets; /* is invalid in SDCC although allowed in ANSI */
\newline
}
\end_layout
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
'long long
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{long long (not supported)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "long long (not supported)"
\end_inset
' (64 bit integers
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{int (64 bit) (not supported)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "int (64 bit) (not supported)"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Itemize
'double
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{double (not supported)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "double (not supported)"
\end_inset
-' precision floating point
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Floating point support}
+' precision floating point
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Floating point support"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Itemize
Old K&R style
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{K\&R style}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "K\\&R style"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-foo(i,j) /* this old style of function declarations */
+foo(i,j) /* this old style of function declarations */
\newline
int i,j; /* is valid
- in ANSI but not valid in SDCC */
+ in ANSI but not valid in SDCC */
\newline
-{
+{
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
...
+
\newline
}
\end_layout
for (
\series bold
int
+\family default
\series default
- i=0; i<10; i++) /* is invalid in SDCC although allowed in C99 */
+
+\family typewriter
+i=0; i<10; i++) /* is invalid in SDCC although allowed in C99 */
\end_layout
\end_deeper
\family typewriter
\series bold
inline
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{inline (not supported)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "inline (not supported)"
\end_inset
+\family default
\series default
- int increment (int a) { return a+1; } /* inlines the increment without
- function call overhead */
+
+\family typewriter
+int increment (int a) { return a+1; } /* inlines the increment without function
+ call overhead */
\newline
int *
+\family default
+
+\family typewriter
\series bold
restrict
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{inline (not supported)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "inline (not supported)"
\end_inset
+\family default
\series default
- p; /* accepted but ignored */
+
+\family typewriter
+p; /* accepted but ignored */
\end_layout
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
Certain words that are valid identifiers in the standard may be reserved
- words in SDCC unless the
+ words in SDCC unless the
\series bold
- -
+-
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
-std-c89
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-std-c89}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-std-c89"
\end_inset
- or -
+
+\series default
+ or
+\series bold
+-
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
-std-c99
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-std-c99}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-std-c99"
\end_inset
'_naked'.
Compliant equivalents of these keywords are always available in a form
that begin with two underscores
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{\_\_ (prefix for extended keywords)}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "\\_\\_ (prefix for extended keywords)"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-integer promotion of variable arguments is not performed if the argument
- is explicitly taypecasted unless the
+Integer promotion of variable arguments is not performed if the argument
+ is explicitly taypecasted unless the
\series bold
- -
+-
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
-std-c89
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-std-c89}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-std-c89"
\end_inset
- or -
+
+\series default
+ or
+\series bold
+-
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
-std-c99
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-std-c99}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "-\\/-std-c99"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Verse
\family typewriter
-void vararg_func (char *str, ...) { atr; }
+void vararg_func (char *str, ...) { str; }
\newline
\newline
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-vararg_func (
-\begin_inset Quotes sld
-\end_inset
-
-%c
-\begin_inset Quotes srd
-\end_inset
-
-, c);
+vararg_func ("%c", c);
\newline
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-/* argument u is not promoted to int,
+/*
+ argument u is not promoted to int,
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-*
- if --std-cXX is not defined;
+* if
+ --std-cXX is not defined;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-vararg_func (
-\begin_inset Quotes sld
-\end_inset
-
-%bc
-\begin_inset Quotes srd
-\end_inset
-
-, (char)u);
+vararg_func ("%bc", (char)u);
\newline
}
\end_layout
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Section
Cyclomatic Complexity
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Cyclomatic complexity}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Cyclomatic complexity"
\end_inset
code in a function.
Large functions can have low complexity, and small functions can have large
complexity levels.
+
\newline
\newline
variables defined by the compiler that still survive after all the optimization
s.
Live range analysis
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Live range analysis}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Live range analysis"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
More information is available on SDCC Wiki
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{wiki}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "wiki"
\end_inset
- (preliminary link
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.wiki.sourceforge.net/SDCC+internals+and+porting}
+ (preliminary link
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sdcc.wiki.sourceforge.net/SDCC+internals+and+porting"
\end_inset
-) and in the thread
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sf.net/mailarchive/message.php?msg_id=13954144}
+) and in the thread
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sf.net/mailarchive/message.php?msg_id=13954144"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Chapter
Compiler internals
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Compiler internals}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Compiler internals"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
The anatomy of the compiler
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:The-anatomy-of}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+name "sub:The-anatomy-of"
\end_inset
\shape italic
This is an excerpt from an article published in Circuit Cellar Magazine
in
+\shape default
+
\series bold
+\shape italic
August 2000
\series default
.
The current version of SDCC can generate code for Intel 8051 and Z80 MCU.
It is fairly easy to retarget for other 8-bit MCU.
Here we take a look at some of the internals of the compiler.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Paragraph*
Parsing
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Parsing}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Parsing"
\end_inset
-
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Parsing the input source file and creating an AST (Annotated Syntax Tree
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Annotated syntax tree}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Annotated syntax tree"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Paragraph*
Generating iCode
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{iCode}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "iCode"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Paragraph*
Optimizations
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Optimizations}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Optimizations"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Paragraph*
Live range analysis
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Live range analysis}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Live range analysis"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Paragraph*
Register Allocation
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Register allocation}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Register allocation"
\end_inset
basic block being processed, if there are any found then it will push that
operand and use the registers in this block, the operand will then be popped
at the end of the basic block.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Standard
Figure II gives a table of iCode
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{iCode}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "iCode"
\end_inset
example, the z80 port does not use registers to pass parameters so the
SEND and RECV iCode operations will not be generated, and it also does
not support JUMPTABLES.
+
\newline
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-Figure II
+Figure II
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="39" columns="4">
<features islongtable="true" headBottomDL="true">
iCode
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{iCode}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "iCode"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-NOT operation
+NOT operation
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-Bitwise complement of
+Bitwise complement of
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-Pop the operand from the stack
+Pop the operand from the stack
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-Call the function represented by IC_LEFT
+Call the function represented by IC_LEFT
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-Return the value in operand IC_LEFT
+Return the value in operand IC_LEFT
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-IC_LABEL()
+IC_LABEL()
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-IC_LABEL()
+IC_LABEL()
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-IC_RESULT = IC_LEFT - IC_RIGHT
+IC_RESULT = IC_LEFT - IC_RIGHT
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-Multiplication
+Multiplication
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-Greater than
+Greater than
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-Equal to
+Equal to
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-IC_LEFT() IC_RIGHT() IC_RESULT()
+IC_LEFT() IC_RIGHT() IC_RESULT()
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-IC_RESULT = IC_LEFT && IC_RIGHT;
+IC_RESULT = IC_LEFT && IC_RIGHT;
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-IC_LEFT() IC_RIGHT() IC_RESULT()
+IC_LEFT() IC_RIGHT() IC_RESULT()
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-Logical or operation
+Logical or operation
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-IC_RESULT = IC_LEFT || IC_RIGHT;
+IC_RESULT = IC_LEFT || IC_RIGHT;
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-IC_LEFT() IC_RIGHT() IC_RESULT()
+IC_LEFT() IC_RIGHT() IC_RESULT()
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-IC_LEFT() IC_RIGHT() IC_RESULT()
+IC_LEFT() IC_RIGHT() IC_RESULT()
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-Bitwise OR
+Bitwise OR
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-Bitwise AND
+Bitwise AND
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-Left shift
+Left shift
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-IC_RESULT = IC_LEFT << IC_RIGHT
+IC_RESULT = IC_LEFT << IC_RIGHT
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-IC_RESULT = IC_LEFT >> IC_RIGHT
+IC_RESULT = IC_LEFT >> IC_RIGHT
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-Indirect fetch
+Indirect fetch
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-IC_RIGHT() IC_RESULT()
+IC_RIGHT() IC_RESULT()
\end_layout
\end_inset
\size footnotesize
Conditional jump.
If true label is present then jump to true label if condition is true else
- jump to false label if condition is false
+ jump to false label if condition is false
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-if (IC_COND) goto IC_TRUE;
+if (IC_COND) goto IC_TRUE;
\newline
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-Or
+Or
\newline
If (!IC_COND) goto IC_FALSE;
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-Address of
+Address of
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-Cast types
+Cast types
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-This is used for passing parameters in registers;
+This is used for passing parameters in registers;
\newline
move IC_LEFT to the next
available parameter register.
This is used for receiving parameters passed in registers;
\newline
Move the values
- in the next parameter register to IC_RESULT
+ in the next parameter register to IC_RESULT
\end_layout
\end_inset
\shape slanted
\size footnotesize
see f.e.
+
+\shape default
+
\family typewriter
+\shape slanted
gen51Code()
\family default
- in
+\shape default
+
+\shape slanted
+in
+\shape default
+
\family typewriter
+\shape slanted
src/mcs51/gen.c
\end_layout
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-In the original article Figure II was announced to be downloadable on
+In the original article Figure II was announced to be downloadable on
\shape italic
Circuit Cellar
\shape default
\begin_layout Paragraph*
ICode Example
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{iCode}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "iCode"
\end_inset
11.\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
while (*x) *x++
- = *p++;
+ = *p++;
\newline
12.\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-sum = 0 ;
+sum = 0 ;
\newline
13.\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
\newline
14.\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
-/* compiler detects i,j to be induction variables
- */
+/* compiler detects i,j to be induction
+ variables */
\newline
15.\InsetSpace ~
\InsetSpace ~
Note that local variables and parameters are replaced by compiler generated
temporaries.
Live ranges
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Live range analysis}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Live range analysis"
\end_inset
are computed only for temporaries (i.e.
live ranges are not computed for global variables).
Registers
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Register allocation}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Register allocation"
\end_inset
\newline
As mentioned earlier the live ranges are computed in terms of the execution
- sequence number of the iCodes, for example
+ sequence number of the iCodes, for example
\newline
the iTemp0 is live from (i.e.
first defined in iCode with execution sequence number 3, and is last used
\newline
There are several
loop optimizations
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Loop optimization}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Loop optimization"
\end_inset
performed by the compiler.
It can detect induction variables iTemp21(i) and iTemp23(j).
Also note the compiler does selective strength reduction
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Strength reduction}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Strength reduction"
\end_inset
changed to addition, a new temporary iTemp17 is allocated and assigned
a initial value, a constant 3 is then added for each iteration of the loop.
The compiler does not change the multiplication
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Multiplication}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Multiplication"
\end_inset
\newline
Note the dead code elimination
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Dead-code elimination}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Dead-code elimination"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-Sample.c(11:3:2:0) iTemp0 [lr3:5]{_near * int}[r2] = recv
+Sample.c(11:3:2:0) iTemp0 [lr3:5]{_near * int}[r2] = recv
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-; iTemp0 [lr3:5]{_near * int}[r2] = recv
+; iTemp0 [lr3:5]{_near * int}[r2] = recv
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-; iTemp6 [lr5:16]{_near * int}[r0] =
+; iTemp6 [lr5:16]{_near * int}[r0] =
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-; iTemp6 [lr5:16]{_near * int}[r0] +
+; iTemp6 [lr5:16]{_near * int}[r0] +
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-; iTemp2 [lr18:40]{short}[r2] = iTemp2 [lr18:40]{short}[r2] +
+; iTemp2 [lr18:40]{short}[r2] = iTemp2 [lr18:40]{short}[r2] +
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Standard
\size footnotesize
-; iTemp11 [lr19:40]{short}[r3] = iTemp11 [lr19:40]{short}[r3] +
+; iTemp11 [lr19:40]{short}[r3] = iTemp11 [lr19:40]{short}[r3] +
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Standard
Successors are basic blocks
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Basic blocks}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Basic blocks"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sdcc.sourceforge.net#Who}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/#Who"
\end_inset
\newline
\emph on
-Thanks to Sourceforge
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.sf.net}
+Thanks to Sourceforge
+\begin_inset LatexCommand url
+target "http://www.sf.net"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
All product names mentioned herein may be trademarks
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Trademarks}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand index
+name "Trademarks"
\end_inset
of their respective companies.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section*
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \printindex{}
+\begin_inset LatexCommand printindex
\end_inset
projects / fw / sdcc / blobdiff