mips: optimize mips32_pracc_read_regs() code
[fw/openocd] / src / target / mips32_pracc.c
index bae436784af3253a64c7520e2d3b800b6db3b2cf..787daefe5a76c4ebb2c75f4f7a563795c2ae2b32 100644 (file)
@@ -93,24 +93,6 @@ struct mips32_pracc_context {
        struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info;
 };
 
-static int mips32_pracc_read_mem8(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info,
-               uint32_t addr, int count, uint8_t *buf);
-static int mips32_pracc_read_mem16(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info,
-               uint32_t addr, int count, uint16_t *buf);
-static int mips32_pracc_read_mem32(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info,
-               uint32_t addr, int count, uint32_t *buf);
-static int mips32_pracc_read_u32(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info,
-               uint32_t addr, uint32_t *buf);
-
-static int mips32_pracc_write_mem8(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info,
-               uint32_t addr, int count, uint8_t *buf);
-static int mips32_pracc_write_mem16(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info,
-               uint32_t addr, int count, uint16_t *buf);
-static int mips32_pracc_write_mem32(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info,
-               uint32_t addr, int count, uint32_t *buf);
-static int mips32_pracc_write_u32(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info,
-               uint32_t addr, uint32_t *buf);
-
 static int mips32_pracc_sync_cache(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info,
                uint32_t start_addr, uint32_t end_addr);
 static int mips32_pracc_clean_invalidate_cache(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info,
@@ -292,275 +274,124 @@ int mips32_pracc_exec(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, int code_len, const uint32_
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-int mips32_pracc_read_mem(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t addr, int size, int count, void *buf)
-{
-       switch (size) {
-               case 1:
-                       return mips32_pracc_read_mem8(ejtag_info, addr, count, (uint8_t *)buf);
-               case 2:
-                       return mips32_pracc_read_mem16(ejtag_info, addr, count, (uint16_t *)buf);
-               case 4:
-                       if (count == 1)
-                               return mips32_pracc_read_u32(ejtag_info, addr, (uint32_t *)buf);
-                       else
-                               return mips32_pracc_read_mem32(ejtag_info, addr, count, (uint32_t *)buf);
-       }
-
-       return ERROR_OK;
-}
-
-static int mips32_pracc_read_mem32(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t addr, int count, uint32_t *buf)
-{
-       static const uint32_t code[] = {
-                                                                                                                       /* start: */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move $15 to COP0 DeSave */
-               MIPS32_LUI(15, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),            /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_STACK */
-               MIPS32_ORI(15, 15, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $9,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(10, 0, 15),                                                           /* sw $10,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(11, 0, 15),                                                           /* sw $11,($15) */
-
-               MIPS32_LUI(8, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),          /* $8 = MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN */
-               MIPS32_ORI(8, 8, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 8),                                                                     /* $9 = mem[$8]; read addr */
-               MIPS32_LW(10, 4, 8),                                                            /* $10 = mem[$8 + 4]; read count */
-               MIPS32_LUI(11, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT)),        /* $11 = MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT */
-               MIPS32_ORI(11, 11, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT)),
-                                                                                                                       /* loop: */
-               MIPS32_BEQ(0, 10, 8),                                                           /* beq 0, $10, end */
-               MIPS32_NOP,
-
-               MIPS32_LW(8, 0, 9),                                                                     /* lw $8,0($9), Load $8 with the word @mem[$9] */
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 0, 11),                                                            /* sw $8,0($11) */
-
-               MIPS32_ADDI(10, 10, NEG16(1)),                                          /* $10-- */
-               MIPS32_ADDI(9, 9, 4),                                                           /* $1 += 4 */
-               MIPS32_ADDI(11, 11, 4),                                                         /* $11 += 4 */
-
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(8)),                                                                     /* b loop */
-               MIPS32_NOP,
-                                                                                                                       /* end: */
-               MIPS32_LW(11, 0, 15),                                                           /* lw $11,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(10, 0, 15),                                                           /* lw $10,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $9,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(27)),                                                            /* b start */
-               MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move COP0 DeSave to $15 */
-       };
-
-       int retval = ERROR_OK;
-       int blocksize;
-       int wordsread;
-       uint32_t param_in[2];
-
-       wordsread = 0;
-
-       while (count > 0) {
-               blocksize = count;
-               if (count > 0x400)
-                       blocksize = 0x400;
-
-               param_in[0] = addr;
-               param_in[1] = blocksize;
-
-               retval = mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, ARRAY_SIZE(code), code,
-                               ARRAY_SIZE(param_in), param_in, blocksize, &buf[wordsread], 1);
-               if (retval != ERROR_OK)
-                       return retval;
-
-               count -= blocksize;
-               addr += blocksize*sizeof(uint32_t);
-               wordsread += blocksize;
-       }
-
-       return retval;
-}
-
 static int mips32_pracc_read_u32(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t addr, uint32_t *buf)
 {
-       static const uint32_t code[] = {
-                                                                                                                       /* start: */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move $15 to COP0 DeSave */
-               MIPS32_LUI(15, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),            /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_STACK */
-               MIPS32_ORI(15, 15, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $8,($15) */
-
-               MIPS32_LW(8, NEG16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK-MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN), 15), /* load R8 @ param_in[0] = address */
+       uint32_t code[] = {
+                                                                                                               /* start: */
+               MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0),                                         /* move $15 to COP0 DeSave */
+               MIPS32_LUI(15, PRACC_UPPER_BASE_ADDR),                          /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_BASE_ADDR */
+               MIPS32_SW(8, PRACC_STACK_OFFSET, 15),                           /* sw $8,PRACC_STACK_OFFSET($15) */
 
-               MIPS32_LW(8, 0, 8),                                                                     /* lw $8,0($8), Load $8 with the word @mem[$8] */
-               MIPS32_SW(8, NEG16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK - MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT), 15), /* store R8 @ param_out[0] */
+               MIPS32_LUI(8, UPPER16((addr + 0x8000))),                        /* load  $8 with modified upper address */
+               MIPS32_LW(8, LOWER16(addr), 8),                                 /* lw $8, LOWER16(addr)($8) */
+               MIPS32_SW(8, PRACC_OUT_OFFSET, 15),                             /* sw $8,PRACC_OUT_OFFSET($15) */
 
-               MIPS32_LW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(9)),                                                                     /* b start */
-               MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move COP0 DeSave to $15 */
+               MIPS32_LW(8, PRACC_STACK_OFFSET, 15),                           /* lw $8,PRACC_STACK_OFFSET($15) */
+               MIPS32_B(NEG16(8)),                                                     /* b start */
+               MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0),                                         /* move COP0 DeSave to $15 */
        };
 
-       int retval = ERROR_OK;
-       uint32_t param_in[1];
-
-       param_in[0] = addr;
-
-       retval = mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, ARRAY_SIZE(code), code,
-                       ARRAY_SIZE(param_in), param_in, 1, buf, 1);
-       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
-               return retval;
-
-       return retval;
+       return mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, ARRAY_SIZE(code), code, 0, NULL, 1, buf, 1);
 }
 
-static int mips32_pracc_read_mem16(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t addr, int count, uint16_t *buf)
+int mips32_pracc_read_mem(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t addr, int size, int count, void *buf)
 {
-       static const uint32_t code[] = {
-                                                                                                                       /* start: */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move $15 to COP0 DeSave */
-               MIPS32_LUI(15, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),            /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_STACK */
-               MIPS32_ORI(15, 15, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $9,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(10, 0, 15),                                                           /* sw $10,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(11, 0, 15),                                                           /* sw $11,($15) */
+       if (count == 1 && size == 4)
+               return mips32_pracc_read_u32(ejtag_info, addr, (uint32_t *)buf);
 
-               MIPS32_LUI(8, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),          /* $8 = MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN */
-               MIPS32_ORI(8, 8, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 8),                                                                     /* $9 = mem[$8]; read addr */
-               MIPS32_LW(10, 4, 8),                                                            /* $10 = mem[$8 + 4]; read count */
-               MIPS32_LUI(11, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT)),        /* $11 = MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT */
-               MIPS32_ORI(11, 11, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT)),
-                                                                                                                       /* loop: */
-               MIPS32_BEQ(0, 10, 8),                                                           /* beq 0, $10, end */
-               MIPS32_NOP,
+       int retval = ERROR_FAIL;
 
-               MIPS32_LHU(8, 0, 9),                                                            /* lw $8,0($9), Load $8 with the halfword @mem[$9] */
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 0, 11),                                                            /* sw $8,0($11) */
-
-               MIPS32_ADDI(10, 10, NEG16(1)),                                          /* $10-- */
-               MIPS32_ADDI(9, 9, 2),                                                           /* $9 += 2 */
-               MIPS32_ADDI(11, 11, 4),                                                         /* $11 += 4 */
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(8)),                                                                     /* b loop */
-               MIPS32_NOP,
-                                                                                                                       /* end: */
-               MIPS32_LW(11, 0, 15),                                                           /* lw $11,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(10, 0, 15),                                                           /* lw $10,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $9,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(27)),                                                            /* b start */
-               MIPS32_MFC0(15, 30, 0),                                                         /* move COP0 DeSave to $15 */
-       };
+       uint32_t *code = NULL;
+       uint32_t *data = NULL;
 
-       /* TODO remove array */
-       uint32_t *param_out = malloc(count * sizeof(uint32_t));
-       if (param_out == NULL) {
+       code = malloc((256 * 2 + 10) * sizeof(uint32_t));
+       if (code == NULL) {
                LOG_ERROR("Out of memory");
-               return ERROR_FAIL;
+               goto exit;
        }
 
-       int retval = ERROR_OK;
-       int blocksize;
-       int hwordsread = 0;
-       uint32_t param_in[2];
-
-       while (count > 0) {
-               blocksize = count;
-               if (count > 0x400)
-                       blocksize = 0x400;
-
-               param_in[0] = addr;
-               param_in[1] = blocksize;
-
-               retval = mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, ARRAY_SIZE(code), code,
-                       ARRAY_SIZE(param_in), param_in, blocksize, &param_out[hwordsread], 1);
-
-               if (retval != ERROR_OK)
-                       return retval;
-
-               count -= blocksize;
-               addr += blocksize*sizeof(uint16_t);
-               hwordsread += blocksize;
+       if (size != 4) {
+               data = malloc(256 * sizeof(uint32_t));
+               if (data == NULL) {
+                       LOG_ERROR("Out of memory");
+                       goto exit;
+               }
        }
 
-       int i;
-       for (i = 0; i < hwordsread; i++)
-               buf[i] = param_out[i];
-
-       free(param_out);
-       return retval;
-}
-
-static int mips32_pracc_read_mem8(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t addr, int count, uint8_t *buf)
-{
-       static const uint32_t code[] = {
-                                                                                                                       /* start: */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move $15 to COP0 DeSave */
-               MIPS32_LUI(15, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),            /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_STACK */
-               MIPS32_ORI(15, 15, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $9,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(10, 0, 15),                                                           /* sw $10,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(11, 0, 15),                                                           /* sw $11,($15) */
-
-               MIPS32_LUI(8, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),          /* $8 = MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN */
-               MIPS32_ORI(8, 8, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 8),                                                                     /* $9 = mem[$8]; read addr */
-               MIPS32_LW(10, 4, 8),                                                            /* $10 = mem[$8 + 4]; read count */
-               MIPS32_LUI(11, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT)),        /* $11 = MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT */
-               MIPS32_ORI(11, 11, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT)),
-                                                                                                                       /* loop: */
-               MIPS32_BEQ(0, 10, 8),                                                           /* beq 0, $10, end */
-               MIPS32_NOP,
-
-               MIPS32_LBU(8, 0, 9),                                                            /* lw $8,0($9), Load t4 with the byte @mem[t1] */
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 0, 11),                                                            /* sw $8,0($11) */
-
-               MIPS32_ADDI(10, 10, NEG16(1)),                                          /* $10-- */
-               MIPS32_ADDI(9, 9, 1),                                                           /* $9 += 1 */
-               MIPS32_ADDI(11, 11, 4),                                                         /* $11 += 4 */
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(8)),                                                                     /* b loop */
-               MIPS32_NOP,
-                                                                                                                       /* end: */
-               MIPS32_LW(11, 0, 15),                                                           /* lw $11,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(10, 0, 15),                                                           /* lw $10,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $9,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(27)),                                                            /* b start */
-               MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move COP0 DeSave to $15 */
-       };
+       uint32_t *buf32 = buf;
+       uint16_t *buf16 = buf;
+       uint8_t *buf8 = buf;
 
-       /* TODO remove array */
-       uint32_t *param_out = malloc(count * sizeof(uint32_t));
-       if (param_out == NULL) {
-               LOG_ERROR("Out of memory");
-               return ERROR_FAIL;
-       }
+       int i;
+       uint32_t upper_base_addr, last_upper_base_addr;
+       int this_round_count;
+       int code_len;
 
-       int retval = ERROR_OK;
-       int blocksize;
-       uint32_t param_in[2];
-       int bytesread = 0;
+       while (count) {
+               this_round_count = (count > 256) ? 256 : count;
+               last_upper_base_addr = UPPER16((addr + 0x8000));
+               uint32_t *code_p = code;
+
+               *code_p++ = MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0);                                     /* save $15 in DeSave */
+               *code_p++ = MIPS32_LUI(15, PRACC_UPPER_BASE_ADDR);                      /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_BASE_ADDR */
+               *code_p++ = MIPS32_SW(8, PRACC_STACK_OFFSET, 15);                       /* save $8 and $9 to pracc stack */
+               *code_p++ = MIPS32_SW(9, PRACC_STACK_OFFSET, 15);
+               *code_p++ = MIPS32_LUI(9, last_upper_base_addr);                        /* load the upper memory address in $9*/
+               code_len = 5;
+
+               for (i = 0; i != this_round_count; i++) {               /* Main code loop */
+                       upper_base_addr = UPPER16((addr + 0x8000));
+                       if (last_upper_base_addr != upper_base_addr) {
+                               *code_p++ = MIPS32_LUI(9, upper_base_addr);             /* if needed, change upper address in $9*/
+                               code_len++;
+                               last_upper_base_addr = upper_base_addr;
+                       }
+
+                       if (size == 4)
+                               *code_p++ = MIPS32_LW(8, LOWER16(addr), 9);             /* load from memory to $8 */
+                       else if (size == 2)
+                               *code_p++ = MIPS32_LHU(8, LOWER16(addr), 9);
+                       else
+                               *code_p++ = MIPS32_LBU(8, LOWER16(addr), 9);
 
-       while (count > 0) {
-               blocksize = count;
-               if (count > 0x400)
-                       blocksize = 0x400;
+                       *code_p++ = MIPS32_SW(8, PRACC_OUT_OFFSET + i * 4, 15);         /* store $8 at param out */
 
-               param_in[0] = addr;
-               param_in[1] = blocksize;
+                       code_len += 2;
+                       addr += size;
+               }
 
-               retval = mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, ARRAY_SIZE(code), code,
-                       ARRAY_SIZE(param_in), param_in, count, &param_out[bytesread], 1);
+               *code_p++ = MIPS32_LW(9, PRACC_STACK_OFFSET, 15);                       /* restore $8 and $9 from pracc stack */
+               *code_p++ = MIPS32_LW(8, PRACC_STACK_OFFSET, 15);
 
-               if (retval != ERROR_OK)
-                       return retval;
+               code_len += 4;
+               *code_p++ = MIPS32_B(NEG16(code_len - 1));                                      /* jump to start */
+               *code_p = MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0);                                       /* restore $15 from DeSave */
 
-               count -= blocksize;
-               addr += blocksize;
-               bytesread += blocksize;
+               if (size == 4) {
+                       retval = mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, code_len, code, 0, NULL, this_round_count, buf32, 1);
+                       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
+                               goto exit;
+                       buf32 += this_round_count;
+               } else {
+                       retval = mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, code_len, code, 0, NULL, this_round_count, data, 1);
+                       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
+                               goto exit;
+                       uint32_t *data_p = data;
+                       for (i = 0; i != this_round_count; i++) {
+                               if (size == 2)
+                                       *buf16++ = *data_p++;
+                               else
+                                       *buf8++ = *data_p++;
+                       }
+               }
+               count -= this_round_count;
        }
-       int i;
-       for (i = 0; i < bytesread; i++)
-               buf[i] = param_out[i];
 
-       free(param_out);
+exit:
+       if (code)
+               free(code);
+       if (data)
+               free(data);
        return retval;
 }
 
@@ -568,26 +399,20 @@ int mips32_cp0_read(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t *val, uint32_t cp0_r
 {
        /**
         * Do not make this code static, but regenerate it every time,
-        * as 5th element has to be changed to add parameters
+        * as 3th element has to be changed to add parameters
         */
        uint32_t code[] = {
-                                                                                                                       /* start: */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move $15 to COP0 DeSave */
-               MIPS32_LUI(15, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),            /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_STACK */
-               MIPS32_ORI(15, 15, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $9,($15) */
-
-               /* 5 */ MIPS32_MFC0(8, 0, 0),                                           /* move COP0 [cp0_reg select] to $8 */
+                                                                                                               /* start: */
+               MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0),                                                 /* move $15 to COP0 DeSave */
+               MIPS32_LUI(15, PRACC_UPPER_BASE_ADDR),                                  /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_BASE_ADDR */
+               MIPS32_SW(8, PRACC_STACK_OFFSET, 15),                                   /* sw $8,PRACC_STACK_OFFSET($15) */
 
-               MIPS32_LUI(9, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT)),         /* $11 = MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT */
-               MIPS32_ORI(9, 9, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT)),
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 0, 9),                                                                     /* sw $8,0($9) */
+               /* 3 */ MIPS32_MFC0(8, 0, 0),                                           /* move COP0 [cp0_reg select] to $8 */
+               MIPS32_SW(8, PRACC_OUT_OFFSET, 15),                                     /* sw $8,PRACC_OUT_OFFSET($15) */
 
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $9,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(12)),                                                            /* b start */
-               MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move COP0 DeSave to $15 */
+               MIPS32_LW(8, PRACC_STACK_OFFSET, 15),                                   /* lw $8,PRACC_STACK_OFFSET($15) */
+               MIPS32_B(NEG16(7)),                                                     /* b start */
+               MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0),                                                 /* move COP0 DeSave to $15 */
        };
 
        /**
@@ -604,56 +429,32 @@ int mips32_cp0_read(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t *val, uint32_t cp0_r
         * MIPS32_MTC0 is implemented via MIPS32_R_INST macro.
         * In order to insert our parameters, we must change rd and funct fields.
         */
-       code[5] |= (cp0_reg << 11) | cp0_sel;  /* change rd and funct of MIPS32_R_INST macro */
+       code[3] |= (cp0_reg << 11) | cp0_sel;  /* change rd and funct of MIPS32_R_INST macro */
 
-       /* TODO remove array */
-       uint32_t *param_out = val;
-       int retval;
-
-       retval = mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, ARRAY_SIZE(code), code, 0, NULL, 1, param_out, 1);
-
-       return retval;
+       return mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, ARRAY_SIZE(code), code, 0, NULL, 1, val, 1);
 }
 
-int mips32_cp0_write(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info,
-               uint32_t val, uint32_t cp0_reg, uint32_t cp0_sel)
+int mips32_cp0_write(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t val, uint32_t cp0_reg, uint32_t cp0_sel)
 {
        uint32_t code[] = {
                                                                                                                        /* start: */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move $15 to COP0 DeSave */
-               MIPS32_LUI(15, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),            /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_STACK */
-               MIPS32_ORI(15, 15, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $9,($15) */
-
-               MIPS32_LUI(8, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),          /* $8 = MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN */
-               MIPS32_ORI(8, 8, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 8),                                                                     /* Load write val to $9 */
+               MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0),                                                 /* move $15 to COP0 DeSave */
+               MIPS32_LUI(15, UPPER16(val)),                                           /* Load val to $15 */
+               MIPS32_ORI(15, 15, LOWER16(val)),
 
-               /* 8 */ MIPS32_MTC0(9, 0, 0),                                           /* move $9 to COP0 [cp0_reg select] */
+               /* 3 */ MIPS32_MTC0(15, 0, 0),                                          /* move $15 to COP0 [cp0_reg select] */
 
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $9,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(12)),                                                            /* b start */
-               MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move COP0 DeSave to $15 */
+               MIPS32_B(NEG16(5)),                                                     /* b start */
+               MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0),                                                 /* move COP0 DeSave to $15 */
        };
 
        /**
         * Note that MIPS32_MTC0 macro is implemented via MIPS32_R_INST macro.
         * In order to insert our parameters, we must change rd and funct fields.
         */
-       code[8] |= (cp0_reg << 11) | cp0_sel;  /* change rd and funct fields of MIPS32_R_INST macro */
+       code[3] |= (cp0_reg << 11) | cp0_sel;  /* change rd and funct fields of MIPS32_R_INST macro */
 
-       /* TODO remove array */
-       uint32_t *param_in = malloc(1 * sizeof(uint32_t));
-       int retval;
-       param_in[0] = val;
-
-       retval = mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, ARRAY_SIZE(code), code, 1, param_in, 0, NULL, 1);
-
-       free(param_in);
-
-       return retval;
+       return mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, ARRAY_SIZE(code), code, 0, NULL, 0, NULL, 1);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -806,28 +607,102 @@ static int mips32_pracc_clean_invalidate_cache(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info,
        return retval;
 }
 
-
-int mips32_pracc_write_mem(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t addr, int size, int count, void *buf)
+static int mips32_pracc_write_mem_generic(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t addr, int size, int count, void *buf)
 {
-       int retval;
+       uint32_t *code;
+       code = malloc((128 * 3 + 9) * sizeof(uint32_t));        /* alloc memory for the worst case */
+       if (code == NULL) {
+               LOG_ERROR("Out of memory");
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+       }
 
-       switch (size) {
-               case 1:
-                       retval = mips32_pracc_write_mem8(ejtag_info, addr, count, (uint8_t *)buf);
-                       break;
-               case 2:
-                       retval = mips32_pracc_write_mem16(ejtag_info, addr, count, (uint16_t *)buf);
-                       break;
-               case 4:
-                       if (count == 1)
-                               retval = mips32_pracc_write_u32(ejtag_info, addr, (uint32_t *)buf);
-                       else
-                               retval = mips32_pracc_write_mem32(ejtag_info, addr, count, (uint32_t *)buf);
-                       break;
-               default:
-                       retval = ERROR_FAIL;
+       uint32_t *buf32 = buf;
+       uint16_t *buf16 = buf;
+       uint8_t *buf8 = buf;
+
+       int i;
+       int retval = ERROR_FAIL;
+       uint32_t *code_p;
+       uint32_t upper_base_addr, last_upper_base_addr;
+       int this_round_count;
+       int code_len;
+
+       while (count) {
+               this_round_count = (count > 128) ? 128 : count;
+               last_upper_base_addr = UPPER16((addr + 0x8000));
+               code_p = code;
+
+               *code_p++ = MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0);                                     /* save $15 in DeSave */
+               *code_p++ = MIPS32_LUI(15, PRACC_UPPER_BASE_ADDR);                      /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_BASE_ADDR */
+               *code_p++ = MIPS32_SW(8, PRACC_STACK_OFFSET, 15);                       /* save $8 to pracc stack */
+               *code_p++ = MIPS32_LUI(15, last_upper_base_addr);                       /* reuse $15 as memory base address */
+               code_len = 4;
+
+               for (i = 0; i != this_round_count; i++) {
+                       upper_base_addr = UPPER16((addr + 0x8000));
+                       if (last_upper_base_addr != upper_base_addr) {
+                               *code_p++ = MIPS32_LUI(15, upper_base_addr);            /* if needed, change upper address in $15*/
+                               code_len++;
+                               last_upper_base_addr = upper_base_addr;
+                       }
+
+                       if (size == 4) {        /* for word write check if one half word is 0 and load it accordingly */
+                               if (LOWER16(*buf32) == 0) {
+                                       *code_p++ = MIPS32_LUI(8, UPPER16(*buf32));             /* load only upper value */
+                                       code_len++;
+                               } else if (UPPER16(*buf32) == 0) {
+                                       *code_p++ = MIPS32_ORI(8, 0, LOWER16(*buf32));          /* load only lower value */
+                                       code_len++;
+                               } else {
+                                       *code_p++ = MIPS32_LUI(8, UPPER16(*buf32));             /* load upper and lower */
+                                       *code_p++ = MIPS32_ORI(8, 8, LOWER16(*buf32));
+                                       code_len += 2;
+                               }
+                               *code_p++ = MIPS32_SW(8, LOWER16(addr), 15);                    /* store word to memory */
+                               code_len++;
+                               buf32++;
+
+                       } else if (size == 2) {
+                               *code_p++ = MIPS32_ORI(8, 0, *buf16);                           /* load lower value */
+                               *code_p++ = MIPS32_SH(8, LOWER16(addr), 15);            /* store half word to memory */
+                               code_len += 2;
+                               buf16++;
+
+                       } else {
+                               *code_p++ = MIPS32_ORI(8, 0, *buf8);                            /* load lower value */
+                               *code_p++ = MIPS32_SB(8, LOWER16(addr), 15);                    /* store byte to memory */
+                               code_len += 2;
+                               buf8++;
+                       }
+
+                       addr += size;
+               }
+
+               *code_p++ = MIPS32_LUI(15, PRACC_UPPER_BASE_ADDR);                      /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_BASE_ADDR */
+               *code_p++ = MIPS32_LW(8, PRACC_STACK_OFFSET, 15);                       /* restore $8 from pracc stack */
+
+               code_len += 4;
+               *code_p++ = MIPS32_B(NEG16(code_len - 1));                                      /* jump to start */
+               *code_p = MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0);                                       /* restore $15 from DeSave */
+
+               retval = mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, code_len, code, 0, NULL, 0, NULL, 1);
+               if (retval != ERROR_OK)
+                       goto exit;
+
+               count -= this_round_count;
        }
 
+exit:
+       free(code);
+       return retval;
+}
+
+int mips32_pracc_write_mem(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t addr, int size, int count, void *buf)
+{
+       int retval = mips32_pracc_write_mem_generic(ejtag_info, addr, size, count, buf);
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
+               return retval;
+
        /**
         * If we are in the cachable regoion and cache is activated,
         * we must clean D$ + invalidate I$ after we did the write,
@@ -890,342 +765,99 @@ int mips32_pracc_write_mem(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t addr, int siz
        return retval;
 }
 
-static int mips32_pracc_write_mem32(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t addr, int count, uint32_t *buf)
-{
-       static const uint32_t code[] = {
-                                                                                                                       /* start: */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move $15 to COP0 DeSave */
-               MIPS32_LUI(15, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),            /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_STACK */
-               MIPS32_ORI(15, 15, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $9,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(10, 0, 15),                                                           /* sw $10,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(11, 0, 15),                                                           /* sw $11,($15) */
-
-               MIPS32_ADDI(8, 15, NEG16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK-MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),  /* $8= MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN */
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 8),                                                                     /* Load write addr to $9 */
-               MIPS32_LW(10, 4, 8),                                                            /* Load write count to $10 */
-               MIPS32_ADDI(8, 8, 8),                                                           /* $8 += 8 beginning of data */
-
-                                                                                                                       /* loop: */
-               MIPS32_LW(11, 0, 8),                                                            /* lw $11,0($8), Load $11 with the word @mem[$8] */
-               MIPS32_SW(11, 0, 9),                                                            /* sw $11,0($9) */
-
-               MIPS32_ADDI(9, 9, 4),                                                           /* $9 += 4 */
-               MIPS32_BNE(10, 9, NEG16(4)),                                            /* bne $10, $9, loop */
-               MIPS32_ADDI(8, 8, 4),                                                           /* $8 += 4 */
-
-                                                                                                                       /* end: */
-               MIPS32_LW(11, 0, 15),                                                           /* lw $11,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(10, 0, 15),                                                           /* lw $10,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $9,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(21)),                                                            /* b start */
-               MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move COP0 DeSave to $15 */
-       };
-
-       /* TODO remove array */
-       uint32_t *param_in = malloc((count + 2) * sizeof(uint32_t));
-       param_in[0] = addr;
-       param_in[1] = addr + (count * sizeof(uint32_t));        /* last address */
-
-       memcpy(&param_in[2], buf, count * sizeof(uint32_t));
-
-       int retval;
-       retval = mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, ARRAY_SIZE(code), code,
-               count + 2, param_in, 0, NULL, 1);
-
-       free(param_in);
-
-       return retval;
-}
-
-static int mips32_pracc_write_u32(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t addr, uint32_t *buf)
-{
-       static const uint32_t code[] = {
-                                                                                                                       /* start: */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move $15 to COP0 DeSave */
-               MIPS32_LUI(15, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),            /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_STACK */
-               MIPS32_ORI(15, 15, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $9,($15) */
-
-               MIPS32_LW(8, NEG16((MIPS32_PRACC_STACK-MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)-4), 15),  /* load R8 @ param_in[1] = data */
-               MIPS32_LW(9, NEG16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK-MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN), 15),              /* load R9 @ param_in[0] = address */
-
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 0, 9),                                                                     /* sw $8,0($9) */
-
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $9,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(11)),                                                            /* b start */
-               MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move COP0 DeSave to $15 */
-       };
-
-       /* TODO remove array */
-       uint32_t param_in[1 + 1];
-       param_in[0] = addr;
-       param_in[1] = *buf;
-
-       return mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, ARRAY_SIZE(code), code,
-               ARRAY_SIZE(param_in), param_in, 0, NULL, 1);
-}
-
-static int mips32_pracc_write_mem16(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t addr, int count, uint16_t *buf)
-{
-       static const uint32_t code[] = {
-                                                                                                                       /* start: */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move $15 to COP0 DeSave */
-               MIPS32_LUI(15, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),            /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_STACK */
-               MIPS32_ORI(15, 15, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $9,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(10, 0, 15),                                                           /* sw $10,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(11, 0, 15),                                                           /* sw $11,($15) */
-
-               MIPS32_LUI(8, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),          /* $8 = MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN */
-               MIPS32_ORI(8, 8, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 8),                                                                     /* Load write addr to $9 */
-               MIPS32_LW(10, 4, 8),                                                            /* Load write count to $10 */
-               MIPS32_ADDI(8, 8, 8),                                                           /* $8 += 8 */
-                                                                                                                       /* loop: */
-               MIPS32_BEQ(0, 10, 8),                                                           /* beq $0, $10, end */
-               MIPS32_NOP,
-
-               MIPS32_LW(11, 0, 8),                                                            /* lw $11,0($8), Load $11 with the word @mem[$8] */
-               MIPS32_SH(11, 0, 9),                                                            /* sh $11,0($9) */
-
-               MIPS32_ADDI(10, 10, NEG16(1)),                                          /* $10-- */
-               MIPS32_ADDI(9, 9, 2),                                                           /* $9 += 2 */
-               MIPS32_ADDI(8, 8, 4),                                                           /* $8 += 4 */
-
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(8)),                                                                     /* b loop */
-               MIPS32_NOP,
-                                                                                                                       /* end: */
-               MIPS32_LW(11, 0, 15),                                                           /* lw $11,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(10, 0, 15),                                                           /* lw $10,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $9,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(26)),                                                            /* b start */
-               MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move COP0 DeSave to $15 */
-       };
-
-       /* TODO remove array */
-       uint32_t *param_in = malloc((count + 2) * sizeof(uint32_t));
-       int i;
-       param_in[0] = addr;
-       param_in[1] = count;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
-               param_in[i + 2] = buf[i];
-
-       int retval;
-       retval = mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, ARRAY_SIZE(code), code,
-               count + 2, param_in, 0, NULL, 1);
-
-       free(param_in);
-
-       return retval;
-}
-
-static int mips32_pracc_write_mem8(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t addr, int count, uint8_t *buf)
+int mips32_pracc_write_regs(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t *regs)
 {
-       static const uint32_t code[] = {
-                                                                                                                       /* start: */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move $15 to COP0 DeSave */
-               MIPS32_LUI(15, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),            /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_STACK */
-               MIPS32_ORI(15, 15, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $9,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(10, 0, 15),                                                           /* sw $10,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(11, 0, 15),                                                           /* sw $11,($15) */
-
-               MIPS32_LUI(8, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),          /* $8 = MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN */
-               MIPS32_ORI(8, 8, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 8),                                                                     /* Load write addr to $9 */
-               MIPS32_LW(10, 4, 8),                                                            /* Load write count to $10 */
-               MIPS32_ADDI(8, 8, 8),                                                           /* $8 += 8 */
-                                                                                                                       /* loop: */
-               MIPS32_BEQ(0, 10, 8),                                                           /* beq $0, $10, end */
-               MIPS32_NOP,
-
-               MIPS32_LW(11, 0, 8),                                                            /* lw $11,0($8), Load $11 with the word @mem[$8] */
-               MIPS32_SB(11, 0, 9),                                                            /* sb $11,0($9) */
-
-               MIPS32_ADDI(10, 10, NEG16(1)),                                          /* $10-- */
-               MIPS32_ADDI(9, 9, 1),                                                           /* $9 += 1 */
-               MIPS32_ADDI(8, 8, 4),                                                           /* $8 += 4 */
-
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(8)),                                                                     /* b loop */
-               MIPS32_NOP,
-                                                                                                                       /* end: */
-               MIPS32_LW(11, 0, 15),                                                           /* lw $11,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(10, 0, 15),                                                           /* lw $10,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $9,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(26)),                                                            /* b start */
-               MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move COP0 DeSave to $15 */
+       static const uint32_t cp0_write_code[] = {
+               MIPS32_MTC0(1, 12, 0),                                                  /* move $1 to status */
+               MIPS32_MTLO(1),                                                                 /* move $1 to lo */
+               MIPS32_MTHI(1),                                                                 /* move $1 to hi */
+               MIPS32_MTC0(1, 8, 0),                                                   /* move $1 to badvaddr */
+               MIPS32_MTC0(1, 13, 0),                                                  /* move $1 to cause*/
+               MIPS32_MTC0(1, 24, 0),                                                  /* move $1 to depc (pc) */
        };
 
-       /* TODO remove array */
-       uint32_t *param_in = malloc((count + 2) * sizeof(uint32_t));
-       int retval;
-       int i;
-       param_in[0] = addr;
-       param_in[1] = count;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
-               param_in[i + 2] = buf[i];
-
-       retval = mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, ARRAY_SIZE(code), code,
-               count + 2, param_in, 0, NULL, 1);
-
-       free(param_in);
-
-       return retval;
-}
+       uint32_t *code;
+       code = malloc((37 * 2 + 6 + 1) * sizeof(uint32_t));     /* alloc memory for the worst case */
+       if (code == NULL) {
+               LOG_ERROR("Out of memory");
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+       }
 
-int mips32_pracc_write_regs(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t *regs)
-{
-       static const uint32_t code[] = {
-                                                                                                               /* start: */
-               MIPS32_LUI(2, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),  /* $2 = MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN */
-               MIPS32_ORI(2, 2, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),
-               MIPS32_LW(1, 1*4, 2),                                                   /* lw $1,1*4($2) */
-               MIPS32_LW(15, 15*4, 2),                                                 /* lw $15,15*4($2) */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0),                                                 /* move $15 to COP0 DeSave */
-               MIPS32_LUI(15, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),    /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_STACK */
-               MIPS32_ORI(15, 15, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),
-               MIPS32_SW(1, 0, 15),                                                    /* sw $1,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LUI(1, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),  /* $1 = MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN */
-               MIPS32_ORI(1, 1, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),
-               MIPS32_LW(3, 3*4, 1),                                                   /* lw $3,3*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(4, 4*4, 1),                                                   /* lw $4,4*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(5, 5*4, 1),                                                   /* lw $5,5*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(6, 6*4, 1),                                                   /* lw $6,6*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(7, 7*4, 1),                                                   /* lw $7,7*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(8, 8*4, 1),                                                   /* lw $8,8*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 9*4, 1),                                                   /* lw $9,9*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(10, 10*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $10,10*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(11, 11*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $11,11*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(12, 12*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $12,12*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(13, 13*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $13,13*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(14, 14*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $14,14*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(16, 16*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $16,16*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(17, 17*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $17,17*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(18, 18*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $18,18*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(19, 19*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $19,19*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(20, 20*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $20,20*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(21, 21*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $21,21*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(22, 22*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $22,22*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(23, 23*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $23,23*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(24, 24*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $24,24*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(25, 25*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $25,25*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(26, 26*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $26,26*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(27, 27*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $27,27*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(28, 28*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $28,28*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(29, 29*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $29,29*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(30, 30*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $30,30*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(31, 31*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $31,31*4($1) */
-
-               MIPS32_LW(2, 32*4, 1),                                                  /* lw $2,32*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(2, 12, 0),                                                  /* move $2 to status */
-               MIPS32_LW(2, 33*4, 1),                                                  /* lw $2,33*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_MTLO(2),                                                                 /* move $2 to lo */
-               MIPS32_LW(2, 34*4, 1),                                                  /* lw $2,34*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_MTHI(2),                                                                 /* move $2 to hi */
-               MIPS32_LW(2, 35*4, 1),                                                  /* lw $2,35*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(2, 8, 0),                                                   /* move $2 to badvaddr */
-               MIPS32_LW(2, 36*4, 1),                                                  /* lw $2,36*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(2, 13, 0),                                                  /* move $2 to cause*/
-               MIPS32_LW(2, 37*4, 1),                                                  /* lw $2,37*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(2, 24, 0),                                                  /* move $2 to depc (pc) */
-
-               MIPS32_LW(2, 2*4, 1),                                                   /* lw $2,2*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(1, 0, 15),                                                    /* lw $1,($15) */
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(53)),                                                    /* b start */
-               MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0),                                                 /* move COP0 DeSave to $15 */
-       };
+       uint32_t *code_p = code;
+       int code_len = 0;
+       /* load registers 2 to 31 with lui an ori instructions, check if same instructions can be saved */
+       for (int i = 2; i < 32; i++) {
+               if (LOWER16((regs[i])) == 0) {
+                       *code_p++ = MIPS32_LUI(i, UPPER16((regs[i])));          /* if lower half word is 0, lui instruction only */
+                       code_len++;
+               } else if (UPPER16((regs[i])) == 0) {
+                       *code_p++ = MIPS32_ORI(i, 0, LOWER16((regs[i])));       /* if upper half word is 0, ori with $0 only*/
+                       code_len++;
+               } else {
+                       *code_p++ = MIPS32_LUI(i, UPPER16((regs[i])));          /* default, load with lui and ori instructions */
+                       *code_p++ = MIPS32_ORI(i, i, LOWER16((regs[i])));
+                       code_len += 2;
+               }
+       }
 
-       int retval;
+       for (int i = 0; i != 6; i++) {
+               *code_p++ = MIPS32_LUI(1, UPPER16((regs[i + 32])));             /* load CPO value in $1, with lui and ori */
+               *code_p++ = MIPS32_ORI(1, 1, LOWER16((regs[i + 32])));
+               *code_p++ = cp0_write_code[i];                                  /* write value from $1 to CPO register */
+               code_len += 3;
+       }
 
-       retval = mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, ARRAY_SIZE(code), code,
-                       MIPS32NUMCOREREGS, regs, 0, NULL, 1);
+       *code_p++ = MIPS32_LUI(1, UPPER16((regs[1])));                          /* load upper half word in $1 */
+       code_len += 3;
+       *code_p++ = MIPS32_B(NEG16(code_len - 1)),                                                      /* b start */
+       *code_p = MIPS32_ORI(1, 1, LOWER16((regs[1])));                         /* load lower half word in $1 */
 
+       int retval = mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, code_len, code, 0, NULL, 0, NULL, 1);
+       free(code);
        return retval;
 }
 
 int mips32_pracc_read_regs(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t *regs)
 {
-       static const uint32_t code[] = {
-                                                                                                               /* start: */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(2, 31, 0),                                                  /* move $2 to COP0 DeSave */
-               MIPS32_LUI(2, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT)), /* $2 = MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT */
-               MIPS32_ORI(2, 2, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT)),
-               MIPS32_SW(0, 0*4, 2),                                                   /* sw $0,0*4($2) */
-               MIPS32_SW(1, 1*4, 2),                                                   /* sw $1,1*4($2) */
-               MIPS32_SW(15, 15*4, 2),                                                 /* sw $15,15*4($2) */
-               MIPS32_MFC0(2, 31, 0),                                                  /* move COP0 DeSave to $2 */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0),                                                 /* move $15 to COP0 DeSave */
-               MIPS32_LUI(15, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),    /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_STACK */
-               MIPS32_ORI(15, 15, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),
-               MIPS32_SW(1, 0, 15),                                                    /* sw $1,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(2, 0, 15),                                                    /* sw $2,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LUI(1, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT)), /* $1 = MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT */
-               MIPS32_ORI(1, 1, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT)),
-               MIPS32_SW(2, 2*4, 1),                                                   /* sw $2,2*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(3, 3*4, 1),                                                   /* sw $3,3*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(4, 4*4, 1),                                                   /* sw $4,4*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(5, 5*4, 1),                                                   /* sw $5,5*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(6, 6*4, 1),                                                   /* sw $6,6*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(7, 7*4, 1),                                                   /* sw $7,7*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 8*4, 1),                                                   /* sw $8,8*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(9, 9*4, 1),                                                   /* sw $9,9*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(10, 10*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $10,10*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(11, 11*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $11,11*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(12, 12*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $12,12*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(13, 13*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $13,13*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(14, 14*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $14,14*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(16, 16*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $16,16*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(17, 17*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $17,17*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(18, 18*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $18,18*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(19, 19*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $19,19*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(20, 20*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $20,20*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(21, 21*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $21,21*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(22, 22*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $22,22*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(23, 23*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $23,23*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(24, 24*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $24,24*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(25, 25*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $25,25*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(26, 26*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $26,26*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(27, 27*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $27,27*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(28, 28*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $28,28*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(29, 29*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $29,29*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(30, 30*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $30,30*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(31, 31*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $31,31*4($1) */
-
+       static int cp0_read_code[] = {
                MIPS32_MFC0(2, 12, 0),                                                  /* move status to $2 */
-               MIPS32_SW(2, 32*4, 1),                                                  /* sw $2,32*4($1) */
                MIPS32_MFLO(2),                                                                 /* move lo to $2 */
-               MIPS32_SW(2, 33*4, 1),                                                  /* sw $2,33*4($1) */
                MIPS32_MFHI(2),                                                                 /* move hi to $2 */
-               MIPS32_SW(2, 34*4, 1),                                                  /* sw $2,34*4($1) */
                MIPS32_MFC0(2, 8, 0),                                                   /* move badvaddr to $2 */
-               MIPS32_SW(2, 35*4, 1),                                                  /* sw $2,35*4($1) */
                MIPS32_MFC0(2, 13, 0),                                                  /* move cause to $2 */
-               MIPS32_SW(2, 36*4, 1),                                                  /* sw $2,36*4($1) */
                MIPS32_MFC0(2, 24, 0),                                                  /* move depc (pc) to $2 */
-               MIPS32_SW(2, 37*4, 1),                                                  /* sw $2,37*4($1) */
-
-               MIPS32_LW(2, 0, 15),                                                    /* lw $2,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(1, 0, 15),                                                    /* lw $1,($15) */
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(58)),                                                    /* b start */
-               MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0),                                                 /* move COP0 DeSave to $15 */
        };
 
-       int retval;
+       uint32_t *code;
+       code = malloc(49 * sizeof(uint32_t));
+       if (code == NULL) {
+               LOG_ERROR("Out of memory");
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+       }
+
+       uint32_t *code_p = code;
+
+       *code_p++ = MIPS32_MTC0(1, 31, 0),                                              /* move $1 to COP0 DeSave */
+       *code_p++ = MIPS32_LUI(1, PRACC_UPPER_BASE_ADDR);                               /* $1 = MIP32_PRACC_BASE_ADDR */
+
+       for (int i = 2; i != 32; i++)
+               *code_p++ = MIPS32_SW(i, PRACC_OUT_OFFSET + (i * 4), 1);                /* store GPR's 2 to 31 */
+
+       for (int i = 0; i != 6; i++) {
+               *code_p++ = cp0_read_code[i];                                           /* load COP0 needed registers to $2 */
+               *code_p++ = MIPS32_SW(2, PRACC_OUT_OFFSET + (i + 32) * 4, 1);   /* store COP0 registers from $2 to param out */
+       }
+
+       *code_p++ = MIPS32_MFC0(2, 31, 0),                                              /* move DeSave to $2, reg1 value */
+       *code_p++ = MIPS32_SW(2, PRACC_OUT_OFFSET + 4, 1);                              /* store reg1 value from $2 to param out */
+
+       *code_p++ = MIPS32_LW(2, PRACC_OUT_OFFSET + 8, 1);                              /* restore $2 from param out (singularity) */
+       *code_p++ = MIPS32_B(NEG16(48));                                                /* b start */
+       *code_p = MIPS32_MFC0(1, 31, 0);                                                /* move COP0 DeSave to $1 */
 
-       retval = mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, ARRAY_SIZE(code), code,
-               0, NULL, MIPS32NUMCOREREGS, regs, 1);
+       int retval = mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, 49, code, 0, NULL, MIPS32NUMCOREREGS, regs, 1);
 
+       free(code);
        return retval;
 }
 
@@ -1292,7 +924,7 @@ int mips32_pracc_fastdata_xfer(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, struct working_are
 
        /* write program into RAM */
        if (write_t != ejtag_info->fast_access_save) {
-               mips32_pracc_write_mem32(ejtag_info, source->address, ARRAY_SIZE(handler_code), handler_code);
+               mips32_pracc_write_mem_generic(ejtag_info, source->address, 4, ARRAY_SIZE(handler_code), handler_code);
                /* save previous operation to speed to any consecutive read/writes */
                ejtag_info->fast_access_save = write_t;
        }