X-Git-Url: https://git.gag.com/?p=fw%2Faltos;a=blobdiff_plain;f=doc%2Faltusmetrum.xsl;h=ec8a1a5a637ba57c9ef1919deb81c9495d3189a7;hp=5375e8c29462065bc775a141101b7856ac750ded;hb=3eaaefe6d746a2f53995a2470c5024f37c87c393;hpb=ceed62fd97972b35f4cf6560625135723cb8610f diff --git a/doc/altusmetrum.xsl b/doc/altusmetrum.xsl index 5375e8c2..ec8a1a5a 100644 --- a/doc/altusmetrum.xsl +++ b/doc/altusmetrum.xsl @@ -320,102 +320,454 @@ NAR #88757, TRA #12200 - Hardware Overview - - TeleMetrum is a 1 inch by 2¾ inch circuit board. It was designed to - fit inside coupler for 29mm air-frame tubing, but using it in a tube that - small in diameter may require some creativity in mounting and wiring - to succeed! The presence of an accelerometer means TeleMetrum should - be aligned along the flight axis of the airframe, and by default the 1/4 - wave UHF wire antenna should be on the nose-cone end of the board. The - antenna wire is about 7 inches long, and wiring for a power switch and - the e-matches for apogee and main ejection charges depart from the - fin can end of the board, meaning an ideal "simple" avionics - bay for TeleMetrum should have at least 10 inches of interior length. - - - TeleMini v1.0 is a ½ inch by 1½ inch circuit board. It was designed to - fit inside an 18mm air-frame tube, but using it in a tube that - small in diameter may require some creativity in mounting and wiring - to succeed! Since there is no accelerometer, TeleMini can be mounted - in any convenient orientation. The default ¼ - wave UHF wire antenna attached to the center of one end of - the board is about 7 inches long, and wiring for a power switch and - the e-matches for apogee and main ejection charges depart from the - other end of the board, meaning an ideal "simple" avionics - bay for TeleMini should have at least 9 inches of interior length. - - - TeleMini v2.0 and EasyMini are both built on a 0.8 inch by 1½ - inch circuit board. They're designed to fit in a 24mm coupler - tube. TeleMini has an antenna, which must be run straight out - fro the board. Bending or folding it will dramatically reduce RF - performance. For smaller rockets, it's often best to drill a - hole in the bulkhead forward of TeleMini and run the antenna - wire through that and alongside any recovery components - there. Be careful to seal the hole to prevent ejection gasses - from passing through the hole and damaging the electronics. - - - TeleMega is a 1¼ inch by 3¼ inch circuit board. It was - designed to easily fit in a 38mm coupler. Like TeleMetrum, - TeleMega has an accelerometer and so it must be mounted so that - the board is aligned with the flight axis. It can be mounted - either antenna up or down. - - - A typical installation involves attaching - only a suitable battery, a single pole switch for - power on/off, and two pairs of wires connecting e-matches for the - apogee and main ejection charges. All Altus Metrum products are - designed for use with single-cell batteries with 3.7 volts - nominal. TeleMini v2.0 and EasyMini may also be used with other - batteries as long as they supply between 4 and 12 volts. - - - The battery connectors are a standard 2-pin JST connector and - match batteries sold by Spark Fun. These batteries are - single-cell Lithium Polymer batteries that nominally provide 3.7 - volts. Other vendors sell similar batteries for RC aircraft - using mating connectors, however the polarity for those is - generally reversed from the batteries used by Altus Metrum - products. In particular, the Tenergy batteries supplied for use - in Featherweight flight computers are not compatible with Altus - Metrum flight computers or battery chargers. Check - polarity and voltage before connecting any battery not purchased - from Altus Metrum or Spark Fun. - - - By default, we use the unregulated output of the battery directly - to fire ejection charges. This works marvelously with standard - low-current e-matches like the J-Tek from MJG Technologies, and with - Quest Q2G2 igniters. However, if you want or need to use a separate - pyro battery, check out the "External Pyro Battery" section in this - manual for instructions on how to wire that up. The altimeters are - designed to work with an external pyro battery of no more than 15 volts. - - - Ejection charges are wired directly to the screw terminal block - at the aft end of the altimeter. You'll need a very small straight - blade screwdriver for these screws, such as you might find in a - jeweler's screwdriver set. - - - Except for TeleMini v1.0, the flight computers also use the - screw terminal block for the power switch leads. On TeleMini v1.0, - the power switch leads are soldered directly to the board and - can be connected directly to a switch. - - - For most air-frames, the integrated antennas are more than - adequate. However, if you are installing in a carbon-fiber or - metal electronics bay which is opaque to RF signals, you may need to - use off-board external antennas instead. In this case, you can - order an altimeter with an SMA connector for the UHF antenna - connection, and, on TeleMetrum v1, you can unplug the integrated GPS - antenna and select an appropriate off-board GPS antenna with - cable terminating in a U.FL connector. - + Altus Metrum Hardware +
+ Overview + + Here's the full set of Altus Metrum products, both in + production and retired. + + + Altus Metrum Electronics + + + + + + + + + + + + Device + Barometer + Z-axis accelerometer + GPS + 3D sensors + Storage + RF Output + Battery + + + + + TeleMetrum v1.0 + MP3H6115 10km (33k') + MMA2202 50g + SkyTraq + - + 1MB + 10mW + 3.7V + + + TeleMetrum v1.1 + MP3H6115 10km (33k') + MMA2202 50g + SkyTraq + - + 2MB + 10mW + 3.7V + + + TeleMetrum v1.2 + MP3H6115 10km (33k') + ADXL78 70g + SkyTraq + - + 2MB + 10mW + 3.7V + + + TeleMetrum v2.0 + MS5607 30km (100k') + MMA6555 102g + uBlox Max-7Q + - + 8MB + 40mW + 3.7V + + + TeleMini v1.0 + MP3H6115 10km (33k') + - + - + - + 5kB + 10mW + 3.7V + + + TeleMini v2.0 + MS5607 30km (100k') + - + - + - + 1MB + 10mW + 3.7-12V + + + EasyMini v1.0 + MS5607 30km (100k') + - + - + - + 1MB + - + 3.7-12V + + + TeleMega v1.0 + MS5607 30km (100k') + MMA6555 102g + uBlox Max-7Q + MPU6000 HMC5883 + 8MB + 40mW + 3.7V + + + +
+ + Altus Metrum Boards + + + + + + + + + + Device + Connectors + Screw Terminals + Width + Length + Tube Size + + + + + TeleMetrum + + Antenna + Debug + Companion + USB + Battery + + Apogee pyro Main pyro Switch + 1 inch (2.54cm) + 2 ¾ inch (6.99cm) + 29mm coupler + + + TeleMini v1.0 + + Antenna + Debug + Battery + + + Apogee pyro + Main pyro + + ½ inch (1.27cm) + 1½ inch (3.81cm) + 18mm aiframe + + + TeleMini v2.0 + + Antenna + Debug + USB + Battery + + + Apogee pyro + Main pyro + Battery + Switch + + 0.8 inch (2.03cm) + 1½ inch (3.81cm) + 24mm coupler + + + EasyMini + + Debug + USB + Battery + + + Apogee pyro + Main pyro + Battery + Switch + + 0.8 inch (2.03cm) + 1½ inch (3.81cm) + 24mm coupler + + + TeleMega + + Antenna + Debug + Companion + USB + Battery + + + Apogee pyro + Main pyro + Pyro A-D + Switch + Pyro battery + + 1¼ inch (3.18cm) + 3¼ inch (8.26cm) + 38mm coupler + + + +
+
+
+ TeleMetrum + + TeleMetrum is a 1 inch by 2¾ inch circuit board. It was designed to + fit inside coupler for 29mm air-frame tubing, but using it in a tube that + small in diameter may require some creativity in mounting and wiring + to succeed! The presence of an accelerometer means TeleMetrum should + be aligned along the flight axis of the airframe, and by default the 1/4 + wave UHF wire antenna should be on the nose-cone end of the board. The + antenna wire is about 7 inches long, and wiring for a power switch and + the e-matches for apogee and main ejection charges depart from the + fin can end of the board, meaning an ideal "simple" avionics + bay for TeleMetrum should have at least 10 inches of interior length. + +
+
+ TeleMini + + TeleMini v1.0 is ½ inches by 1½ inches. It was + designed to fit inside an 18mm air-frame tube, but using it in + a tube that small in diameter may require some creativity in + mounting and wiring to succeed! Since there is no + accelerometer, TeleMini can be mounted in any convenient + orientation. The default ¼ wave UHF wire antenna attached to + the center of one end of the board is about 7 inches long. Two + wires for the power switch are connected to holes in the + middle of the board. Screw terminals for the e-matches for + apogee and main ejection charges depart from the other end of + the board, meaning an ideal "simple" avionics bay for TeleMini + should have at least 9 inches of interior length. + + + TeleMini v2.0 is 0.8 inches by 1½ inches. It adds more + on-board data logging memory, a built-in USB connector and + screw terminals for the battery and power switch. The larger + board fits in a 24mm coupler. There's also a battery connector + for a LiPo battery if you want to use one of those. + +
+
+ EasyMini + + EasyMini is built on a 0.8 inch by 1½ inch circuit board. It's + designed to fit in a 24mm coupler tube. The connectors and + screw terminals match TeleMini, so you can swap an EasyMini + with a TeleMini. + +
+
+ TeleMega + + TeleMega is a 1¼ inch by 3¼ inch circuit board. It was + designed to easily fit in a 38mm coupler. Like TeleMetrum, + TeleMega has an accelerometer and so it must be mounted so that + the board is aligned with the flight axis. It can be mounted + either antenna up or down. + +
+
+ Flight Data Recording + + Each flight computer logs data at 100 samples per second + during ascent and 10 samples per second during descent, except + for TeleMini v1.0, which records ascent at 10 samples per + second and descent at 1 sample per second. Data are logged to + an on-board flash memory part, which can be partitioned into + several equal-sized blocks, one for each flight. + + + Data Storage on Altus Metrum altimeters + + + + + + + + Device + Bytes per Sample + Total Storage + Minutes at Full Rate + + + + + TeleMetrum v1.0 + 8 + 1MB + 20 + + + TeleMetrum v1.1 v1.2 + 8 + 2MB + 40 + + + TeleMetrum v2.0 + 16 + 8MB + 80 + + + TeleMini v1.0 + 2 + 5kB + 4 + + + TeleMini v2.0 + 16 + 1MB + 10 + + + EasyMini + 16 + 1MB + 10 + + + TeleMega + 32 + 8MB + 40 + + + +
+ + The on-board flash is partitioned into separate flight logs, + each of a fixed maximum size. Increase the maximum size of + each log and you reduce the number of flights that can be + stored. Decrease the size and you can store more flights. + + + Configuration data is also stored in the flash memory on + TeleMetrum v1.x, TeleMini and EasyMini. This consumes 64kB + of flash space. This configuration space is not available + for storing flight log data. TeleMetrum v2.0 and TeleMega + store configuration data in a bit of eeprom available within + the processor chip, leaving that space available in flash for + more flight data. + + + To compute the amount of space needed for a single flight, you + can multiply the expected ascent time (in seconds) by 100 + times bytes-per-sample, multiply the expected descent time (in + seconds) by 10 times the bytes per sample and add the two + together. That will slightly under-estimate the storage (in + bytes) needed for the flight. For instance, a TeleMetrum v2.0 flight spending + 20 seconds in ascent and 150 seconds in descent will take + about (20 * 1600) + (150 * 160) = 56000 bytes of storage. You + could store dozens of these flights in the on-board flash. + + + The default size allows for several flights on each flight + computer, except for TeleMini v1.0, which only holds data for a + single flight. You can adjust the size. + + + Altus Metrum flight computers will not overwrite existing + flight data, so be sure to download flight data and erase it + from the flight computer before it fills up. The flight + computer will still successfully control the flight even if it + cannot log data, so the only thing you will lose is the data. + +
+
+ Installation + + A typical installation involves attaching + only a suitable battery, a single pole switch for + power on/off, and two pairs of wires connecting e-matches for the + apogee and main ejection charges. All Altus Metrum products are + designed for use with single-cell batteries with 3.7 volts + nominal. TeleMini v2.0 and EasyMini may also be used with other + batteries as long as they supply between 4 and 12 volts. + + + The battery connectors are a standard 2-pin JST connector and + match batteries sold by Spark Fun. These batteries are + single-cell Lithium Polymer batteries that nominally provide 3.7 + volts. Other vendors sell similar batteries for RC aircraft + using mating connectors, however the polarity for those is + generally reversed from the batteries used by Altus Metrum + products. In particular, the Tenergy batteries supplied for use + in Featherweight flight computers are not compatible with Altus + Metrum flight computers or battery chargers. Check + polarity and voltage before connecting any battery not purchased + from Altus Metrum or Spark Fun. + + + By default, we use the unregulated output of the battery directly + to fire ejection charges. This works marvelously with standard + low-current e-matches like the J-Tek from MJG Technologies, and with + Quest Q2G2 igniters. However, if you want or need to use a separate + pyro battery, check out the "External Pyro Battery" section in this + manual for instructions on how to wire that up. The altimeters are + designed to work with an external pyro battery of no more than 15 volts. + + + + Ejection charges are wired directly to the screw terminal block + at the aft end of the altimeter. You'll need a very small straight + blade screwdriver for these screws, such as you might find in a + jeweler's screwdriver set. + + + Except for TeleMini v1.0, the flight computers also use the + screw terminal block for the power switch leads. On TeleMini v1.0, + the power switch leads are soldered directly to the board and + can be connected directly to a switch. + + + For most air-frames, the integrated antennas are more than + adequate. However, if you are installing in a carbon-fiber or + metal electronics bay which is opaque to RF signals, you may need to + use off-board external antennas instead. In this case, you can + order an altimeter with an SMA connector for the UHF antenna + connection, and, on TeleMetrum v1, you can unplug the integrated GPS + antenna and select an appropriate off-board GPS antenna with + cable terminating in a U.FL connector. + +
System Operation @@ -679,25 +1031,28 @@ NAR #88757, TRA #12200 data later... - We don't generally use a 'normal packet radio' mode like APRS because they're - just too inefficient. The GFSK modulation we use is FSK with the - base-band pulses passed through a - Gaussian filter before they go into the modulator to limit the - transmitted bandwidth. When combined with the hardware forward error - correction support in the cc1111 chip, this allows us to have a very - robust 38.4 kilobit data link with only 10 milliwatts of transmit - power, a whip antenna in the rocket, and a hand-held Yagi on the - ground. We've had flights to above 21k feet AGL with great reception, - and calculations suggest we should be good to well over 40k feet AGL - with a 5-element yagi on the ground. We hope to fly boards to higher - altitudes over time, and would of course appreciate customer feedback - on performance in higher altitude flights! - - - However, TeleMetrum v2.0 and TeleMega can send APRS if - desired, the interval between APRS packets can be - configured. As each APRS packet takes a full second to - transmit, we recommend an interval of at least 5 seconds. + We don't generally use a 'normal packet radio' mode like APRS + because they're just too inefficient. The GFSK modulation we + use is FSK with the base-band pulses passed through a Gaussian + filter before they go into the modulator to limit the + transmitted bandwidth. When combined with forward error + correction and interleaving, this allows us to have a very + robust 19.2 kilobit data link with only 10-40 milliwatts of + transmit power, a whip antenna in the rocket, and a hand-held + Yagi on the ground. We've had flights to above 21k feet AGL + with great reception, and calculations suggest we should be + good to well over 40k feet AGL with a 5-element yagi on the + ground with our 10mW units and over 100k feet AGL with the + 40mW devices. We hope to fly boards to higher altitudes over + time, and would of course appreciate customer feedback on + performance in higher altitude flights! + + + TeleMetrum v2.0 and TeleMega can send APRS if desired, the + interval between APRS packets can be configured. As each APRS + packet takes a full second to transmit, we recommend an + interval of at least 5 seconds to avoid consuming too much + battery power or radio channel bandwidth.
@@ -760,16 +1115,38 @@ NAR #88757, TRA #12200
Maximum Flight Log - TeleMetrum version 1.1 and 1.2 have 2MB of on-board flash storage, - enough to hold over 40 minutes of data at full data rate - (100 samples/second). TeleMetrum 1.0 has 1MB of on-board - storage. As data are stored at a reduced rate during descent - (10 samples/second), there's plenty of space to store many - flights worth of data. - - - TeleMetrum v2.0 and TeleMega have 8MB of on-board flash stroage, enough to hold + Each flight computer logs data at 100 samples per second + during ascent and 10 samples per second during descent. Data + are logged to an on-board flash memory part, which can be + partitioned into several equal-sized blocks, one for each + flight. + + Data Storage on Altus Metrum altimeters + + + + + + + + Device + Bytes per Sample + Total Storage + Minutes at Full Rate + + + + + TeleMetrum v1.x + 8 + 2MB + 40 + + + +
The on-board flash is partitioned into separate flight logs, each of a fixed maximum size. Increase the maximum size of @@ -778,21 +1155,25 @@ NAR #88757, TRA #12200 flights. - All of the configuration data is also stored in the flash - memory, which consumes 64kB on TeleMetrum v1.1/v1.2 and 256B on - TeleMetrum v1.0. This configuration space is not available - for storing flight log data. + Configuration data is also stored in the flash memory on + TeleMetrum v1.x, TeleMini and EasyMini. This consumes 64kB + of flash space. This configuration space is not available + for storing flight log data. TeleMetrum v2.0 and TeleMega + store configuration data in a bit of eeprom available within + the processor chip. To compute the amount of space needed for a single flight, you can multiply the expected ascent time (in seconds) by - 800, multiply the expected descent time (in seconds) by 80 - and add the two together. That will slightly under-estimate - the storage (in bytes) needed for the flight. For instance, - a flight spending 20 seconds in ascent and 150 seconds in - descent will take about (20 * 800) + (150 * 80) = 28000 - bytes of storage. You could store dozens of these flights in - the on-board flash. + 100 times bytes-per-sample (8 for TeleMetrum v1.x, 16 for + TeleMetrum v2.0 and 32 for TeleMega), multiply the expected + descent time (in seconds) by 80 and add the two + together. That will slightly under-estimate the storage (in + bytes) needed for the flight. For instance, a flight + spending 20 seconds in ascent and 150 seconds in descent + will take about (20 * 800) + (150 * 80) = 28000 bytes of + storage. You could store dozens of these flights in the + on-board flash. The default size, 192kB, allows for 10 flights of storage on @@ -820,7 +1201,7 @@ NAR #88757, TRA #12200 a fixed height above the ground, you can configure the altimeter to fire both at apogee or both during descent. This was added to support an airframe that has two - TeleMetrum computers, one in the fin can and one in the + altimeters, one in the fin can and one in the nose. @@ -833,17 +1214,23 @@ NAR #88757, TRA #12200
Pad Orientation - TeleMetrum measures acceleration along the axis of the - board. Which way the board is oriented affects the sign of - the acceleration value. Instead of trying to guess which way - the board is mounted in the air frame, TeleMetrum must be - explicitly configured for either Antenna Up or Antenna - Down. The default, Antenna Up, expects the end of the - TeleMetrum board connected to the 70cm antenna to be nearest - the nose of the rocket, with the end containing the screw + TeleMetrum and TeleMega measure acceleration along the axis + of the board. Which way the board is oriented affects the + sign of the acceleration value. Instead of trying to guess + which way the board is mounted in the air frame, the + altimeter must be explicitly configured for either Antenna + Up or Antenna Down. The default, Antenna Up, expects the end + of the board connected to the 70cm antenna to be nearest the + nose of the rocket, with the end containing the screw terminals nearest the tail.
+
+ Pyro Channels + + TeleMega + +