This is tar.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13 from tar.texi.
-This manual is for GNU `tar' (version 1.26, 12 March 2011), which
+This manual is for GNU `tar' (version 1.27, 24 September 2013), which
creates and extracts files from archives.
- Copyright (C) 1992, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003,
-2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ Copyright (C) 1992, 1994-1997, 1999-2001, 2003-2013 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software
- Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts
- being "A GNU Manual", and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
- below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
- "GNU Free Documentation License".
+ Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being "GNU General Public
+ License", with the Front-Cover Texts being "A GNU Manual", and
+ with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license
+ is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation
+ License".
(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have the freedom to copy
- and modify this GNU manual. Buying copies from the FSF supports
- it in developing GNU and promoting software freedom."
+ and modify this GNU manual."
INFO-DIR-SECTION Archiving
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* tar: (tar)tar invocation. Invoking GNU `tar'.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+\1f
+File: tar.info, Node: Relative items in date strings, Next: Pure numbers in date strings, Prev: Day of week items, Up: Date input formats
+
+7.7 Relative items in date strings
+==================================
+
+"Relative items" adjust a date (or the current date if none) forward or
+backward. The effects of relative items accumulate. Here are some
+examples:
+
+ 1 year
+ 1 year ago
+ 3 years
+ 2 days
+
+ The unit of time displacement may be selected by the string `year'
+or `month' for moving by whole years or months. These are fuzzy units,
+as years and months are not all of equal duration. More precise units
+are `fortnight' which is worth 14 days, `week' worth 7 days, `day'
+worth 24 hours, `hour' worth 60 minutes, `minute' or `min' worth 60
+seconds, and `second' or `sec' worth one second. An `s' suffix on
+these units is accepted and ignored.
+
+ The unit of time may be preceded by a multiplier, given as an
+optionally signed number. Unsigned numbers are taken as positively
+signed. No number at all implies 1 for a multiplier. Following a
+relative item by the string `ago' is equivalent to preceding the unit
+by a multiplier with value -1.
+
+ The string `tomorrow' is worth one day in the future (equivalent to
+`day'), the string `yesterday' is worth one day in the past (equivalent
+to `day ago').
+
+ The strings `now' or `today' are relative items corresponding to
+zero-valued time displacement, these strings come from the fact a
+zero-valued time displacement represents the current time when not
+otherwise changed by previous items. They may be used to stress other
+items, like in `12:00 today'. The string `this' also has the meaning
+of a zero-valued time displacement, but is preferred in date strings
+like `this thursday'.
+
+ When a relative item causes the resulting date to cross a boundary
+where the clocks were adjusted, typically for daylight saving time, the
+resulting date and time are adjusted accordingly.
+
+ The fuzz in units can cause problems with relative items. For
+example, `2003-07-31 -1 month' might evaluate to 2003-07-01, because
+2003-06-31 is an invalid date. To determine the previous month more
+reliably, you can ask for the month before the 15th of the current
+month. For example:
+
+ $ date -R
+ Thu, 31 Jul 2003 13:02:39 -0700
+ $ date --date='-1 month' +'Last month was %B?'
+ Last month was July?
+ $ date --date="$(date +%Y-%m-15) -1 month" +'Last month was %B!'
+ Last month was June!
+
+ Also, take care when manipulating dates around clock changes such as
+daylight saving leaps. In a few cases these have added or subtracted
+as much as 24 hours from the clock, so it is often wise to adopt
+universal time by setting the `TZ' environment variable to `UTC0'
+before embarking on calendrical calculations.
+
+\1f
+File: tar.info, Node: Pure numbers in date strings, Next: Seconds since the Epoch, Prev: Relative items in date strings, Up: Date input formats
+
+7.8 Pure numbers in date strings
+================================
+
+The precise interpretation of a pure decimal number depends on the
+context in the date string.
+
+ If the decimal number is of the form YYYYMMDD and no other calendar
+date item (*note Calendar date items::) appears before it in the date
+string, then YYYY is read as the year, MM as the month number and DD as
+the day of the month, for the specified calendar date.
+
+ If the decimal number is of the form HHMM and no other time of day
+item appears before it in the date string, then HH is read as the hour
+of the day and MM as the minute of the hour, for the specified time of
+day. MM can also be omitted.
+
+ If both a calendar date and a time of day appear to the left of a
+number in the date string, but no relative item, then the number
+overrides the year.
+
+\1f
+File: tar.info, Node: Seconds since the Epoch, Next: Specifying time zone rules, Prev: Pure numbers in date strings, Up: Date input formats
+
+7.9 Seconds since the Epoch
+===========================
+
+If you precede a number with `@', it represents an internal time stamp
+as a count of seconds. The number can contain an internal decimal
+point (either `.' or `,'); any excess precision not supported by the
+internal representation is truncated toward minus infinity. Such a
+number cannot be combined with any other date item, as it specifies a
+complete time stamp.
+
+ Internally, computer times are represented as a count of seconds
+since an epoch--a well-defined point of time. On GNU and POSIX
+systems, the epoch is 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC, so `@0' represents this
+time, `@1' represents 1970-01-01 00:00:01 UTC, and so forth. GNU and
+most other POSIX-compliant systems support such times as an extension
+to POSIX, using negative counts, so that `@-1' represents 1969-12-31
+23:59:59 UTC.
+
+ Traditional Unix systems count seconds with 32-bit two's-complement
+integers and can represent times from 1901-12-13 20:45:52 through
+2038-01-19 03:14:07 UTC. More modern systems use 64-bit counts of
+seconds with nanosecond subcounts, and can represent all the times in
+the known lifetime of the universe to a resolution of 1 nanosecond.
+
+ On most hosts, these counts ignore the presence of leap seconds.
+For example, on most hosts `@915148799' represents 1998-12-31 23:59:59
+UTC, `@915148800' represents 1999-01-01 00:00:00 UTC, and there is no
+way to represent the intervening leap second 1998-12-31 23:59:60 UTC.
+
+\1f
+File: tar.info, Node: Specifying time zone rules, Next: Authors of parse_datetime, Prev: Seconds since the Epoch, Up: Date input formats
+
+7.10 Specifying time zone rules
+===============================
+
+Normally, dates are interpreted using the rules of the current time
+zone, which in turn are specified by the `TZ' environment variable, or
+by a system default if `TZ' is not set. To specify a different set of
+default time zone rules that apply just to one date, start the date
+with a string of the form `TZ="RULE"'. The two quote characters (`"')
+must be present in the date, and any quotes or backslashes within RULE
+must be escaped by a backslash.
+
+ For example, with the GNU `date' command you can answer the question
+"What time is it in New York when a Paris clock shows 6:30am on October
+31, 2004?" by using a date beginning with `TZ="Europe/Paris"' as shown
+in the following shell transcript:
+
+ $ export TZ="America/New_York"
+ $ date --date='TZ="Europe/Paris" 2004-10-31 06:30'
+ Sun Oct 31 01:30:00 EDT 2004
+
+ In this example, the `--date' operand begins with its own `TZ'
+setting, so the rest of that operand is processed according to
+`Europe/Paris' rules, treating the string `2004-10-31 06:30' as if it
+were in Paris. However, since the output of the `date' command is
+processed according to the overall time zone rules, it uses New York
+time. (Paris was normally six hours ahead of New York in 2004, but
+this example refers to a brief Halloween period when the gap was five
+hours.)
+
+ A `TZ' value is a rule that typically names a location in the `tz'
+database (http://www.twinsun.com/tz/tz-link.htm). A recent catalog of
+location names appears in the TWiki Date and Time Gateway
+(http://twiki.org/cgi-bin/xtra/tzdate). A few non-GNU hosts require a
+colon before a location name in a `TZ' setting, e.g.,
+`TZ=":America/New_York"'.
+
+ The `tz' database includes a wide variety of locations ranging from
+`Arctic/Longyearbyen' to `Antarctica/South_Pole', but if you are at sea
+and have your own private time zone, or if you are using a non-GNU host
+that does not support the `tz' database, you may need to use a POSIX
+rule instead. Simple POSIX rules like `UTC0' specify a time zone
+without daylight saving time; other rules can specify simple daylight
+saving regimes. *Note Specifying the Time Zone with `TZ': (libc)TZ
+Variable.
+
+\1f
+File: tar.info, Node: Authors of parse_datetime, Prev: Specifying time zone rules, Up: Date input formats
+
+7.11 Authors of `parse_datetime'
+================================
+
+`parse_datetime' started life as `getdate', as originally implemented
+by Steven M. Bellovin (<smb@research.att.com>) while at the University
+of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The code was later tweaked by a
+couple of people on Usenet, then completely overhauled by Rich $alz
+(<rsalz@bbn.com>) and Jim Berets (<jberets@bbn.com>) in August, 1990.
+Various revisions for the GNU system were made by David MacKenzie, Jim
+Meyering, Paul Eggert and others, including renaming it to `get_date' to
+avoid a conflict with the alternative Posix function `getdate', and a
+later rename to `parse_datetime'. The Posix function `getdate' can
+parse more locale-specific dates using `strptime', but relies on an
+environment variable and external file, and lacks the thread-safety of
+`parse_datetime'.
+
+ This chapter was originally produced by Franc,ois Pinard
+(<pinard@iro.umontreal.ca>) from the `parse_datetime.y' source code,
+and then edited by K. Berry (<kb@cs.umb.edu>).
+
\1f
File: tar.info, Node: Formats, Next: Media, Prev: Date input formats, Up: Top
Makefiles. This practice will change in the future, in the
meantime, however this means that projects containing file names
more than 99 characters long will not be able to use GNU `tar'
- 1.26 and Automake prior to 1.9.
+ 1.27 and Automake prior to 1.9.
ustar
Archive format defined by POSIX.1-1988 specification. It stores
to create an LSOP archive, and `-Z' (`--compress') to use `compress'
program. For example:
- $ tar cfz archive.tar.gz .
+ $ tar czf archive.tar.gz .
You can also let GNU `tar' select the compression program based on
the suffix of the archive file name. This is done using
`--auto-compress' (`-a') command line option. For example, the
following invocation will use `bzip2' for compression:
- $ tar cfa archive.tar.bz2 .
+ $ tar caf archive.tar.bz2 .
whereas the following one will use `lzma':
- $ tar cfa archive.tar.lzma .
+ $ tar caf archive.tar.lzma .
For a complete list of file name suffixes recognized by GNU `tar',
see *note auto-compress::.
Some compression programs are able to handle different compression
formats. GNU `tar' uses this, if the principal decompressor for the
given format is not available. For example, if `compress' is not
-installed, `tar' will try to use `gzip'. As of version 1.26 the
+installed, `tar' will try to use `gzip'. As of version 1.27 the
following alternatives are tried(2):
Format Main decompressor Alternatives
If you see such diagnostics, just add the suggested option to the
invocation of GNU `tar':
- $ cat archive.tar.gz | tar tfz -
+ $ cat archive.tar.gz | tar tzf -
Notice also, that there are several restrictions on operations on
compressed archives. First of all, compressed archives cannot be
etc.) and remote files as well as on normal files; data to or from such
devices or remote files is reblocked by another copy of the `tar'
program to enforce the specified (or default) record size. The default
-compression parameters are used. Most compression programs allow to
+compression parameters are used. Most compression programs let you
override these by setting a program-specific environment variable. For
-example, when using `gzip' you can use `GZIP' as in the example below:
+example, with `gzip' you can set `GZIP':
- $ GZIP=--best tar cfz archive.tar.gz subdir
+ $ GZIP='-9 -n' tar czf archive.tar.gz subdir
+ Another way would be to use the `-I' option instead (see below),
+e.g.:
-Another way would be to use the `-I' option instead (see below), e.g.:
+ $ tar -cf archive.tar.gz -I 'gzip -9 -n' subdir
- $ tar -cf archive.tar.gz -I 'gzip --best' subdir
+Finally, the third, traditional, way to do this is to use a pipe:
-Finally, the third, traditional, way to achieve the same result is to
-use pipe:
+ $ tar cf - subdir | gzip -9 -n > archive.tar.gz
- $ tar cf - subdir | gzip --best -c - > archive.tar.gz
+ Compressed archives are easily corrupted, because compressed files
+have little redundancy. The adaptive nature of the compression scheme
+means that the compression tables are implicitly spread all over the
+archive. If you lose a few blocks, the dynamic construction of the
+compression tables becomes unsynchronized, and there is little chance
+that you could recover later in the archive.
- About corrupted compressed archives: compressed files have no
-redundancy, for maximum compression. The adaptive nature of the
-compression scheme means that the compression tables are implicitly
-spread all over the archive. If you lose a few blocks, the dynamic
-construction of the compression tables becomes unsynchronized, and there
-is little chance that you could recover later in the archive.
-
- Another compression options provide a better control over creating
+ Other compression options provide better control over creating
compressed archives. These are:
`--auto-compress'
`.lzo' `lzop'
`.xz' `xz'
-`--use-compress-program=PROG'
-`-I=PROG'
- Use external compression program PROG. Use this option if you are
- not happy with the compression program associated with the suffix
- at compile time or if you have a compression program that GNU `tar'
- does not support. There are two requirements to which PROG should
- comply:
+`--use-compress-program=COMMAND'
+`-I=COMMAND'
+ Use external compression program COMMAND. Use this option if you
+ are not happy with the compression program associated with the
+ suffix at compile time or if you have a compression program that
+ GNU `tar' does not support. The COMMAND argument is a valid
+ command invocation, as you would type it at the command line
+ prompt, with any additional options as needed. Enclose it in
+ quotes if it contains white space (see *note Running External
+ Commands: external, for more detail).
+
+ The COMMAND should follow two conventions:
+
+ First, when invoked without additional options, it should read data
+ from standard input, compress it and output it on standard output.
- First, when called without options, it should read data from
- standard input, compress it and output it on standard output.
+ Secondly, if invoked with the additional `-d' option, it should do
+ exactly the opposite, i.e., read the compressed data from the
+ standard input and produce uncompressed data on the standard
+ output.
- Secondly, if called with `-d' argument, it should do exactly the
- opposite, i.e., read the compressed data from the standard input
- and produce uncompressed data on the standard output.
+ The latter requirement means that you must not use the `-d' option
+ as a part of the COMMAND itself.
The `--use-compress-program' option, in particular, lets you
implement your own filters, not necessarily dealing with
Here, `jeden' is a link to `one'. When archiving this directory
with a verbose level 2, you will get an output similar to the following:
- $ tar cfvv ../archive.tar .
+ $ tar cvvf ../archive.tar .
drwxr-xr-x gray/staff 0 2007-10-30 15:13 ./
-rw-r--r-- gray/staff 4 2007-10-30 15:11 ./jeden
hrw-r--r-- gray/staff 0 2007-10-30 15:11 ./one link to ./jeden
produces the following diagnostics:
$ tar -c -f ../archive.tar -l jeden
- tar: Missing links to `jeden'.
+ tar: Missing links to 'jeden'.
Although creating special records for hard links helps keep a
faithful record of the file system contents and makes archives more
of file `jeden':
$ tar xf archive.tar ./one
- tar: ./one: Cannot hard link to `./jeden': No such file or directory
+ tar: ./one: Cannot hard link to './jeden': No such file or directory
tar: Error exit delayed from previous errors
The reason for this behavior is that `tar' cannot seek back in the
$ xsparse -n /home/gray/GNUSparseFile.6058/sparsefile
Reading v.1.0 sparse map
- Expanding file `/home/gray/GNUSparseFile.6058/sparsefile' to
- `/home/gray/sparsefile'
+ Expanding file '/home/gray/GNUSparseFile.6058/sparsefile' to
+ '/home/gray/sparsefile'
Finished dry run
To actually expand the file, you would run:
$ xsparse -v /home/gray/GNUSparseFile.6058/sparsefile
Reading v.1.0 sparse map
- Expanding file `/home/gray/GNUSparseFile.6058/sparsefile' to
- `/home/gray/sparsefile'
+ Expanding file '/home/gray/GNUSparseFile.6058/sparsefile' to
+ '/home/gray/sparsefile'
Done
Additionally, if your `tar' implementation has extracted the
Found variable GNU.sparse.name = sparsefile
Found variable GNU.sparse.realsize = 217481216
Reading v.1.0 sparse map
- Expanding file `/home/gray/GNUSparseFile.6058/sparsefile' to
- `/home/gray/sparsefile'
+ Expanding file '/home/gray/GNUSparseFile.6058/sparsefile' to
+ '/home/gray/sparsefile'
Done
An "extended header" is a special `tar' archive header that precedes
Found variable GNU.sparse.numblocks = 208
Found variable GNU.sparse.name = sparsefile
Found variable GNU.sparse.map = 0,2048,1050624,2048,...
- Expanding file `GNUSparseFile.28124/sparsefile' to `sparsefile'
+ Expanding file 'GNUSparseFile.28124/sparsefile' to 'sparsefile'
Done
---------- Footnotes ----------
conservative on the maximum tape length, you might avoid the
problem entirely.
- `-F FILE'
- `--info-script=FILE'
- `--new-volume-script=FILE'
- Execute `file' at end of each tape. This implies
+ `-F COMMAND'
+ `--info-script=COMMAND'
+ `--new-volume-script=COMMAND'
+ Execute COMMAND at end of each tape. This implies
`--multi-volume' (`-M'). *Note info-script::, for a detailed
description of this option.
an `rsh' or `remsh' to the remote machine, optionally using a different
login name if one is supplied.
- A copy of the source for the remote tape server is provided. It is
-Copyright (C) 1983 by the Regents of the University of California, but
-can be freely distributed. It is compiled and installed by default.
+ A copy of the source for the remote tape server is provided. Its
+source code can be freely distributed. It is compiled and installed by
+default.
Unless you use the `--absolute-names' (`-P') option, GNU `tar' will
not allow you to create an archive that contains absolute file names (a
When reading an archive, `tar' can usually figure out the record
size on itself. When this is the case, and a non-standard record size
was used when the archive was created, `tar' will print a message about
-a non-standard blocking factor, and then operate normally. On some
+a non-standard blocking factor, and then operate normally(1). On some
tape devices, however, `tar' cannot figure out the record size itself.
On most of those, you can specify a blocking factor (with
`--blocking-factor') larger than the actual blocking factor, and then
* Format Variations:: Format Variations
* Blocking Factor:: The Blocking Factor of an Archive
+ ---------- Footnotes ----------
+
+ (1) If this message is not needed, you can turn it off using the
+`--warning=no-record-size' option.
+
\1f
File: tar.info, Node: Format Variations, Next: Blocking Factor, Up: Blocking
When GNU `tar' comes to the end of a storage media, it asks you to
change the volume. The built-in prompt for POSIX locale is(1):
- Prepare volume #N for `ARCHIVE' and hit return:
+ Prepare volume #N for 'ARCHIVE' and hit return:
where N is the ordinal number of the volume to be created and ARCHIVE
is archive file or device name.
volume, and instruct `tar' to use it instead of its normal prompting
procedure:
-`--info-script=SCRIPT-NAME'
-`--new-volume-script=SCRIPT-NAME'
-`-F SCRIPT-NAME'
- Specify the full name of the volume script to use. The script can
- be used to eject cassettes, or to broadcast messages such as
+`--info-script=COMMAND'
+`--new-volume-script=COMMAND'
+`-F COMMAND'
+ Specify the command to invoke when switching volumes. The COMMAND
+ can be used to eject cassettes, or to broadcast messages such as
`Someone please come change my tape' when performing unattended
backups.
- The SCRIPT-NAME is executed without any command line arguments. It
-inherits `tar''s shell environment. Additional data is passed to it
-via the following environment variables:
+ The COMMAND can contain additional options, if such are needed.
+*Note Running External Commands: external, for a detailed discussion of
+the way GNU `tar' runs external commands. It inherits `tar''s shell
+environment. Additional data is passed to it via the following
+environment variables:
`TAR_VERSION'
GNU `tar' version number.
File descriptor which can be used to communicate the new volume
name to `tar'.
+ These variables can be used in the COMMAND itself, provided that
+they are properly quoted to prevent them from being expanded by the
+shell that invokes `tar'.
+
The volume script can instruct `tar' to use new archive name, by
writing in to file descriptor `$TAR_FD' (see below for an example).
etc., just do either of:
$ tar --create --multi-volume --file=/dev/tape0 --file=/dev/tape1 FILES
- $ tar cMff /dev/tape0 /dev/tape1 FILES
+ $ tar -cM -f /dev/tape0 -f /dev/tape1 FILES
The second method is to use the `n' response to the tape-change
prompt.
(as given by `--file' option) and VOL is the ordinal number of the
archive being created:
- #! /bin/sh
+ #! /bin/bash
+ # For this script it's advisable to use a shell, such as Bash,
+ # that supports a TAR_FD value greater than 9.
+
echo Preparing volume $TAR_VOLUME of $TAR_ARCHIVE.
name=`expr $TAR_ARCHIVE : '\(.*\)-.*'`
presumably labeled with string `My volume', you will get:
$ tar -rf archive --label 'My volume' .
- tar: Archive not labeled to match `My volume'
+ tar: Archive not labeled to match 'My volume'
in case its label does not match. This will work even if `archive' is
not labeled at all.
created through a single script used on a regular basis, just manage to
get some date string as part of the label. For example:
- $ tar cfMV /dev/tape "Daily backup for `date +%Y-%m-%d`"
+ $ tar -cM -f /dev/tape -V "Daily backup for `date +%Y-%m-%d`"
$ tar --create --file=/dev/tape --multi-volume \
--label="Daily backup for `date +%Y-%m-%d`"
file in your system that you can write, the `--absolute-names' (`-P')
option should be used only for trusted archives.
- Conversely, with the `--keep-old-files' (`-k') option, `tar' refuses
-to replace existing files when extracting; and with the
-`--no-overwrite-dir' option, `tar' refuses to replace the permissions
-or ownership of already-existing directories. These options may help
-when extracting from untrusted archives.
+ Conversely, with the `--keep-old-files' (`-k') and
+`--skip-old-files' options, `tar' refuses to replace existing files
+when extracting. The difference between the two options is that the
+former treats existing files as errors whereas the latter just silently
+ignores them.
+
+ Finally, with the `--no-overwrite-dir' option, `tar' refuses to
+replace the permissions or ownership of already-existing directories.
+These options may help when extracting from untrusted archives.
\1f
File: tar.info, Node: Live untrusted data, Next: Security rules of thumb, Prev: Integrity, Up: Security
******************
This appendix lists some important user-visible changes between version
-GNU `tar' 1.26 and previous versions. An up-to-date version of this
+GNU `tar' 1.27 and previous versions. An up-to-date version of this
document is available at the GNU `tar' documentation page
(http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual/changes.html).
Appendix C Fixing Snapshot Files
********************************
-Sometimes device numbers can change after upgrading your kernel version
-or reconfiguring the hardware. Reportedly this is the case with some
-newer Linux kernels, when using LVM. In majority of cases this change
-is unnoticed by the users. However, it influences `tar' incremental
+Various situations can cause device numbers to change: upgrading your
+kernel version, reconfiguring your hardware, loading kernel modules in a
+different order, using virtual volumes that are assembled dynamically
+(such as with LVM or RAID), hot-plugging drives (e.g. external USB or
+Firewire drives), etc. In the majority of cases this change is
+unnoticed by the users. However, it influences `tar' incremental
backups: the device number is stored in tar snapshot files (*note
Snapshot Files::) and is used to determine whether the file has changed
since the last backup. If the device numbers change for some reason,
-the next backup you run will be a full backup.
+by default the next backup you run will be a full backup.
To minimize the impact in these cases, GNU `tar' comes with the
`tar-snapshot-edit' utility for inspecting and updating device numbers
-in snapshot files. The utility, written by Dustin J. Mitchell, is
-available from GNU `tar' home page
-(http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/utils/tar-snapshot-edit.html).
+in snapshot files. (The utility, written by Dustin J. Mitchell, is
+also available from the GNU `tar' home page
+(http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/utils/tar-snapshot-edit.html).)
- To obtain the device numbers used in the snapshot file, run
+ To obtain a summary of the device numbers found in the snapshot
+file, run
$ tar-snapshot-edit SNAPFILE
where SNAPFILE is the name of the snapshot file (you can supply as many
-files as you wish in a single command line).
-
- To update all occurrences of the given device number in the file, use
-`-r' option. It takes a single argument of the form `OLDDEV-NEWDEV',
-where OLDDEV is the device number used in the snapshot file, and NEWDEV
-is the corresponding new device number. Both numbers may be specified
-in hex (e.g., `0xfe01'), decimal (e.g., `65025'), or as a major:minor
-number pair (e.g., `254:1'). To change several device numbers at once,
-specify them in a single comma-separated list, as in `-r
-0x3060-0x4500,0x307-0x4600'.
+files as you wish in a single command line). You can then compare the
+numbers across snapshot files, or against those currently in use on the
+live filesystem (using `ls -l' or `stat').
+
+ Assuming the device numbers have indeed changed, it's often possible
+to simply tell GNU `tar' to ignore the device number when processing the
+incremental snapshot files for these backups, using the
+`--no-check-device' option (*note device numbers::).
+
+ Alternatively, you can use the `tar-edit-snapshot' script's `-r'
+option to update all occurrences of the given device number in the
+snapshot file(s). It takes a single argument of the form
+`OLDDEV-NEWDEV', where OLDDEV is the device number used in the
+snapshot file, and NEWDEV is the corresponding new device number. Both
+numbers may be specified in hex (e.g., `0xfe01'), decimal (e.g.,
+`65025'), or as a major:minor number pair (e.g., `254:1'). To change
+several device numbers at once, specify them in a single
+comma-separated list, as in `-r 0x3060-0x4500,0x307-0x4600'.
Before updating the snapshot file, it is a good idea to create a
backup copy of it. This is accomplished by `-b' option. The name of
the backup file is obtained by appending `~' to the original file name.
An example session:
- $ tar-snapshot-edit /var/backup/snap.a
- file version 2
- /tmp/snap: Device 0x0306 occurs 634 times.
- $ tar-snapshot-edit -b -r 0x0306-0x4500 /var/backup/snap.a
- file version 2
+ $ tar-snapshot-edit root_snap.0 boot_snap.0
+ File: root_snap.0
+ Detected snapshot file version: 2
+
+ Device 0x0000 occurs 1 times.
+ Device 0x0003 occurs 1 times.
+ Device 0x0005 occurs 1 times.
+ Device 0x0013 occurs 1 times.
+ Device 0x6801 occurs 1 times.
+ Device 0x6803 occurs 6626 times.
+ Device 0xfb00 occurs 1 times.
+
+ File: boot_snap.0
+ Detected snapshot file version: 2
+
+ Device 0x6801 occurs 3 times.
+ $ tar-snapshot-edit -b -r 0x6801-0x6901,0x6803-0x6903 root_snap.0 boot_snap.0
+ File: root_snap.0
+ Detected snapshot file version: 2
+
+ Updated 6627 records.
+
+ File: boot_snap.0
+ Detected snapshot file version: 2
+
+ Updated 3 records.
\1f
File: tar.info, Node: Tar Internals, Next: Genfile, Prev: Fixing Snapshot Files, Up: Top
/* tar Header Block, GNU extensions. */
/* In GNU tar, SYMTYPE is for to symbolic links, and CONTTYPE is for
- contiguous files, so maybe disobeying the `reserved' comment in POSIX
+ contiguous files, so maybe disobeying the "reserved" comment in POSIX
header description. I suspect these were meant to be used this way, and
- should not have really been `reserved' in the published standards. */
+ should not have really been "reserved" in the published standards. */
/* *BEWARE* *BEWARE* *BEWARE* that the following information is still
boiling, and may change. Even if the OLDGNU format description should be
file system at the time of the dump and is used to determine which
files were modified since the last backup.
- GNU `tar' version 1.26 supports three snapshot file formats. The
+ GNU `tar' version 1.27 supports three snapshot file formats. The
first format, called "format 0", is the one used by GNU `tar' versions
-up to 1.15.1. The second format, called "format 1" is an extended
-version of this format, that contains more metadata and allows for
-further extensions. It was used by version 1.15.1. Starting from
-version 1.16 and up to 1.26, the "format 2" is used.
+up to and including 1.15.1. The second format, called "format 1" is an
+extended version of this format, that contains more metadata and allows
+for further extensions. It was used by alpha release version 1.15.90.
+For alpha version 1.15.91 and stable releases version 1.16 up through
+1.27, the "format 2" is used.
GNU `tar' is able to read all three formats, but will create
snapshots only in format 2.
descriptions, one per line. Each description has the following
format:
- NFSDEV INODE NAME
+ [NFS]DEV INODE NAME
where:
NFS
A single plus character (`+'), if this directory is located on
- an NFS-mounted partition, or a single space otherwise;
+ an NFS-mounted partition, otherwise empty.
+
+ (That is, for non-NFS directories, the first character on the
+ description line contains the start of the DEV field.)
DEV
Device number of the directory;
2. `Format 2' snapshot file begins with a format identifier, as
described for version 1, e.g.:
- GNU tar-1.26-2
+ GNU tar-1.27-2
This line is followed by newline. Rest of file consists of
records, separated by null (ASCII 0) characters. Thus, in contrast
to the previous formats, format 2 snapshot is a binary file.
- First two records are decimal numbers, representing the time of
+ First two records are decimal integers, representing the time of
the last backup. First number is the number of seconds, the
second one is the number of nanoseconds, since the beginning of the
epoch. These are followed by arbitrary number of directory
Each "directory record" contains a set of metadata describing a
particular directory. Parts of a directory record are delimited
with ASCII 0 characters. The following table describes each part.
- The "Number" type in this table stands for a decimal number in
- ASCII notation.
-
- Field Type Description
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
- nfs Character `1' if the directory is located on an
- NFS-mounted partition, or `0' otherwise;
- mtime-sec Number Modification time, seconds;
- mtime-nano Number Modification time, nanoseconds;
- dev-no Number Device number;
- i-no Number I-node number;
- name String Directory name; in contrast to the
- previous versions it is not quoted;
- contents Dumpdir Contents of the directory; *Note
- Dumpdir::, for a description of its
- format.
+ The "Number" type in this table stands for a decimal integer in
+ ASCII notation. (Negative values are preceeded with a "-"
+ character, while positive values have no leading punctuation.)
+
+ Field Type Description
+ ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ nfs Character `1' if the directory is located on an
+ NFS-mounted partition, or `0' otherwise;
+ timestamp_sec Number Modification time, seconds;
+ timestamp_nsec Number Modification time, nanoseconds;
+ dev Number Device number;
+ ino Number I-node number;
+ name String Directory name; in contrast to the
+ previous versions it is not quoted;
+ contents Dumpdir Contents of the directory; *Note
+ Dumpdir::, for a description of its
+ format.
Dumpdirs stored in snapshot files contain only records of types
`Y', `N' and `D'.
+ The specific range of values allowed in each of the "Number" fields
+ depends on the underlying C datatypes as determined when `tar' is
+ compiled. To see the specific ranges allowed for a particular
+ `tar' binary, you can use the `--show-snapshot-field-ranges'
+ option:
+
+ $ tar --show-shapshot-field-ranges
+ This tar's snapshot file field ranges are
+ (field name => [ min, max ]):
+
+ nfs => [ 0, 1 ],
+ timestamp_sec => [ -9223372036854775808, 9223372036854775807 ],
+ timestamp_nsec => [ 0, 999999999 ],
+ dev => [ 0, 18446744073709551615 ],
+ ino => [ 0, 18446744073709551615 ],
+
+ (This example is from a GNU/Linux x86_64 system.)
+
\1f
File: tar.info, Node: Dumpdir, Prev: Snapshot Files, Up: Tar Internals
specified in the command line. This mode is toggled by `--stat' (`-S')
command line option. An optional argument to this option specifies
output "format": a comma-separated list of `struct stat' fields to be
-displayed. This list can contain following identifiers :
+displayed. This list can contain following identifiers:
name
The file name.
\0\b[index\0\b]
* Menu:
+* --keep-directory-symlink, summary: Option Summary. (line 359)
* absolute-names: absolute. (line 10)
* absolute-names, summary: Option Summary. (line 6)
-* add-file: files. (line 84)
+* add-file: files. (line 60)
* after-date: after. (line 24)
-* after-date, summary: Option Summary. (line 12)
+* after-date, summary: Option Summary. (line 13)
* anchored: controlling pattern-matching.
(line 79)
-* anchored, summary: Option Summary. (line 15)
+* anchored, summary: Option Summary. (line 16)
* append <1>: appending files. (line 6)
* append: append. (line 6)
* append, summary: Operation Summary. (line 6)
* atime-preserve: Attributes. (line 10)
-* atime-preserve, summary: Option Summary. (line 19)
-* auto-compress: gzip. (line 156)
-* auto-compress, summary: Option Summary. (line 65)
+* atime-preserve, summary: Option Summary. (line 20)
+* auto-compress: gzip. (line 155)
+* auto-compress, summary: Option Summary. (line 66)
* backup: backup. (line 41)
-* backup, summary: Option Summary. (line 71)
+* backup, summary: Option Summary. (line 72)
* block-number: verbose. (line 115)
-* block-number, summary: Option Summary. (line 76)
+* block-number, summary: Option Summary. (line 77)
* blocking-factor: Blocking Factor. (line 8)
-* blocking-factor, summary: Option Summary. (line 82)
-* bzip2, summary: Option Summary. (line 87)
+* blocking-factor, summary: Option Summary. (line 83)
+* bzip2, summary: Option Summary. (line 88)
* catenate: concatenate. (line 6)
* catenate, summary: Operation Summary. (line 10)
* check-device, described: Incremental Dumps. (line 108)
-* check-device, summary: Option Summary. (line 92)
+* check-device, summary: Option Summary. (line 93)
* check-links, described: hard links. (line 31)
-* check-links, summary: Option Summary. (line 143)
+* check-links, summary: Option Summary. (line 144)
* checkpoint: checkpoints. (line 6)
* checkpoint, defined: checkpoints. (line 13)
-* checkpoint, summary: Option Summary. (line 97)
+* checkpoint, summary: Option Summary. (line 98)
* checkpoint-action: checkpoints. (line 6)
* checkpoint-action, defined: checkpoints. (line 22)
-* checkpoint-action, summary: Option Summary. (line 105)
+* checkpoint-action, summary: Option Summary. (line 106)
* compare: compare. (line 6)
* compare, summary: Operation Summary. (line 14)
* compress: gzip. (line 113)
-* compress, summary: Option Summary. (line 152)
+* compress, summary: Option Summary. (line 153)
* concatenate: concatenate. (line 6)
* concatenate, summary: Operation Summary. (line 20)
-* confirmation, summary: Option Summary. (line 159)
+* confirmation, summary: Option Summary. (line 160)
* create, additional options: create options. (line 6)
* create, complementary notes: Basic tar. (line 11)
* create, introduced: Creating the archive.
* create, using with --verify: verify. (line 24)
* delay-directory-restore: Directory Modification Times and Permissions.
(line 62)
-* delay-directory-restore, summary: Option Summary. (line 162)
+* delay-directory-restore, summary: Option Summary. (line 163)
* delete: delete. (line 6)
* delete, summary: Operation Summary. (line 29)
* delete, using before -append: append. (line 47)
* dereference: dereference. (line 6)
-* dereference, summary: Option Summary. (line 167)
+* dereference, summary: Option Summary. (line 168)
* diff, summary: Operation Summary. (line 33)
* directory: directory. (line 11)
-* directory, summary: Option Summary. (line 173)
-* directory, using in --files-from argument: files. (line 60)
+* directory, summary: Option Summary. (line 174)
* exclude: exclude. (line 6)
* exclude, potential problems with: problems with exclude.
(line 6)
-* exclude, summary: Option Summary. (line 180)
+* exclude, summary: Option Summary. (line 181)
* exclude-backups: exclude. (line 82)
-* exclude-backups, summary: Option Summary. (line 184)
+* exclude-backups, summary: Option Summary. (line 185)
* exclude-caches: exclude. (line 105)
-* exclude-caches, summary: Option Summary. (line 192)
+* exclude-caches, summary: Option Summary. (line 193)
* exclude-caches-all: exclude. (line 113)
-* exclude-caches-all, summary: Option Summary. (line 205)
+* exclude-caches-all, summary: Option Summary. (line 206)
* exclude-caches-under: exclude. (line 109)
-* exclude-caches-under, summary: Option Summary. (line 199)
+* exclude-caches-under, summary: Option Summary. (line 200)
* exclude-from: exclude. (line 6)
-* exclude-from, summary: Option Summary. (line 187)
+* exclude-from, summary: Option Summary. (line 188)
* exclude-tag: exclude. (line 122)
-* exclude-tag, summary: Option Summary. (line 209)
+* exclude-tag, summary: Option Summary. (line 210)
* exclude-tag-all: exclude. (line 130)
-* exclude-tag-all, summary: Option Summary. (line 219)
+* exclude-tag-all, summary: Option Summary. (line 220)
* exclude-tag-under: exclude. (line 126)
-* exclude-tag-under, summary: Option Summary. (line 214)
+* exclude-tag-under, summary: Option Summary. (line 215)
* exclude-vcs: exclude. (line 37)
-* exclude-vcs, summary: Option Summary. (line 223)
+* exclude-vcs, summary: Option Summary. (line 224)
* extract: extract. (line 6)
* extract, additional options: extract options. (line 6)
* extract, complementary notes: Basic tar. (line 48)
(line 121)
* file: file. (line 6)
* file, short description: file. (line 15)
-* file, summary: Option Summary. (line 229)
+* file, summary: Option Summary. (line 230)
* file, tutorial: file tutorial. (line 6)
* files-from: files. (line 14)
-* files-from, summary: Option Summary. (line 235)
+* files-from, summary: Option Summary. (line 236)
* force-local, short description: Device. (line 70)
-* force-local, summary: Option Summary. (line 241)
-* format, summary: Option Summary. (line 246)
-* full-time, summary: Option Summary. (line 271)
+* force-local, summary: Option Summary. (line 242)
+* format, summary: Option Summary. (line 247)
+* full-time, summary: Option Summary. (line 272)
* get, summary: Operation Summary. (line 42)
-* group: override. (line 75)
-* group, summary: Option Summary. (line 289)
-* gunzip, summary: Option Summary. (line 297)
+* group: override. (line 88)
+* group, summary: Option Summary. (line 290)
+* gunzip, summary: Option Summary. (line 298)
* gzip: gzip. (line 91)
-* gzip, summary: Option Summary. (line 297)
+* gzip, summary: Option Summary. (line 298)
* hard-dereference, described: hard links. (line 59)
-* hard-dereference, summary: Option Summary. (line 305)
+* hard-dereference, summary: Option Summary. (line 306)
* help: help tutorial. (line 6)
-* help, introduction: help. (line 27)
-* help, summary: Option Summary. (line 311)
+* help, introduction: help. (line 26)
+* help, summary: Option Summary. (line 312)
* ignore-case: controlling pattern-matching.
(line 86)
-* ignore-case, summary: Option Summary. (line 316)
+* ignore-case, summary: Option Summary. (line 317)
* ignore-command-error: Writing to an External Program.
- (line 98)
-* ignore-command-error, summary: Option Summary. (line 320)
+ (line 110)
+* ignore-command-error, summary: Option Summary. (line 321)
* ignore-failed-read: Ignore Failed Read. (line 7)
-* ignore-failed-read, summary: Option Summary. (line 324)
+* ignore-failed-read, summary: Option Summary. (line 325)
* ignore-zeros: Ignore Zeros. (line 6)
* ignore-zeros, short description: Blocking Factor. (line 156)
-* ignore-zeros, summary: Option Summary. (line 328)
-* incremental, summary: Option Summary. (line 333)
+* ignore-zeros, summary: Option Summary. (line 329)
+* incremental, summary: Option Summary. (line 334)
* incremental, using with --list: Incremental Dumps. (line 186)
-* index-file, summary: Option Summary. (line 340)
+* index-file, summary: Option Summary. (line 341)
* info-script: Multi-Volume Archives.
(line 88)
* info-script, short description: Device. (line 122)
-* info-script, summary: Option Summary. (line 343)
+* info-script, summary: Option Summary. (line 344)
* interactive: interactive. (line 14)
-* interactive, summary: Option Summary. (line 351)
+* interactive, summary: Option Summary. (line 352)
* keep-newer-files: Keep Newer Files. (line 6)
-* keep-newer-files, summary: Option Summary. (line 358)
-* keep-old-files: Keep Old Files. (line 6)
+* keep-newer-files, summary: Option Summary. (line 372)
+* keep-old-files: Keep Old Files. (line 9)
* keep-old-files, introduced: Dealing with Old Files.
(line 16)
-* keep-old-files, summary: Option Summary. (line 362)
+* keep-old-files, summary: Option Summary. (line 376)
* label <1>: label. (line 6)
* label: Tape Files. (line 6)
-* label, summary: Option Summary. (line 367)
+* label, summary: Option Summary. (line 384)
* level, described: Incremental Dumps. (line 76)
-* level, summary: Option Summary. (line 374)
+* level, summary: Option Summary. (line 391)
* list: list. (line 6)
* list, summary: Operation Summary. (line 46)
* list, using with --incremental: Incremental Dumps. (line 186)
* list, using with --verbose: list. (line 30)
* list, using with file name arguments: list. (line 68)
* listed-incremental, described: Incremental Dumps. (line 14)
-* listed-incremental, summary: Option Summary. (line 384)
+* listed-incremental, summary: Option Summary. (line 401)
* listed-incremental, using with --extract: Incremental Dumps.
(line 121)
* listed-incremental, using with --list: Incremental Dumps. (line 186)
* lzip: gzip. (line 104)
-* lzip, summary: Option Summary. (line 392)
+* lzip, summary: Option Summary. (line 409)
* lzma: gzip. (line 107)
-* lzma, summary: Option Summary. (line 396)
+* lzma, summary: Option Summary. (line 413)
* lzop: gzip. (line 110)
* mode: override. (line 14)
-* mode, summary: Option Summary. (line 404)
+* mode, summary: Option Summary. (line 421)
* mtime: override. (line 29)
-* mtime, summary: Option Summary. (line 410)
+* mtime, summary: Option Summary. (line 427)
* multi-volume: Multi-Volume Archives.
(line 6)
* multi-volume, short description: Device. (line 88)
-* multi-volume, summary: Option Summary. (line 419)
+* multi-volume, summary: Option Summary. (line 436)
* new-volume-script: Multi-Volume Archives.
(line 88)
* new-volume-script, short description: Device. (line 122)
-* new-volume-script, summary: Option Summary. (line 343)
+* new-volume-script, summary: Option Summary. (line 344)
* newer: after. (line 24)
-* newer, summary: Option Summary. (line 427)
+* newer, summary: Option Summary. (line 444)
* newer-mtime: after. (line 35)
-* newer-mtime, summary: Option Summary. (line 435)
+* newer-mtime, summary: Option Summary. (line 452)
* no-anchored: controlling pattern-matching.
(line 79)
-* no-anchored, summary: Option Summary. (line 440)
-* no-auto-compress, summary: Option Summary. (line 444)
+* no-anchored, summary: Option Summary. (line 457)
+* no-auto-compress, summary: Option Summary. (line 461)
* no-check-device, described: Incremental Dumps. (line 104)
-* no-check-device, summary: Option Summary. (line 448)
+* no-check-device, summary: Option Summary. (line 465)
* no-delay-directory-restore: Directory Modification Times and Permissions.
(line 68)
-* no-delay-directory-restore, summary: Option Summary. (line 453)
+* no-delay-directory-restore, summary: Option Summary. (line 470)
* no-ignore-case: controlling pattern-matching.
(line 86)
-* no-ignore-case, summary: Option Summary. (line 459)
+* no-ignore-case, summary: Option Summary. (line 476)
* no-ignore-command-error: Writing to an External Program.
- (line 103)
-* no-ignore-command-error, summary: Option Summary. (line 462)
+ (line 115)
+* no-ignore-command-error, summary: Option Summary. (line 479)
* no-null, described: nul. (line 15)
-* no-null, summary: Option Summary. (line 466)
-* no-overwrite-dir, summary: Option Summary. (line 471)
-* no-quote-chars, summary: Option Summary. (line 475)
+* no-null, summary: Option Summary. (line 483)
+* no-overwrite-dir, summary: Option Summary. (line 488)
+* no-quote-chars, summary: Option Summary. (line 492)
* no-recursion: recurse. (line 11)
-* no-recursion, summary: Option Summary. (line 480)
+* no-recursion, summary: Option Summary. (line 497)
* no-same-owner: Attributes. (line 63)
-* no-same-owner, summary: Option Summary. (line 484)
-* no-same-permissions, summary: Option Summary. (line 490)
-* no-seek, summary: Option Summary. (line 495)
+* no-same-owner, summary: Option Summary. (line 501)
+* no-same-permissions, summary: Option Summary. (line 507)
+* no-seek, summary: Option Summary. (line 512)
* no-unquote: Selecting Archive Members.
(line 42)
-* no-unquote, summary: Option Summary. (line 500)
+* no-unquote, summary: Option Summary. (line 517)
* no-wildcards: controlling pattern-matching.
(line 41)
-* no-wildcards, summary: Option Summary. (line 504)
+* no-wildcards, summary: Option Summary. (line 521)
* no-wildcards-match-slash: controlling pattern-matching.
(line 92)
-* no-wildcards-match-slash, summary: Option Summary. (line 507)
+* no-wildcards-match-slash, summary: Option Summary. (line 524)
* null, described: nul. (line 11)
-* null, summary: Option Summary. (line 510)
+* null, summary: Option Summary. (line 527)
* numeric-owner: Attributes. (line 69)
-* numeric-owner, summary: Option Summary. (line 516)
+* numeric-owner, summary: Option Summary. (line 533)
* occurrence, described: append. (line 34)
-* occurrence, summary: Option Summary. (line 533)
-* old-archive, summary: Option Summary. (line 547)
+* occurrence, summary: Option Summary. (line 550)
+* old-archive, summary: Option Summary. (line 564)
* one-file-system: one. (line 14)
-* one-file-system, summary: Option Summary. (line 550)
+* one-file-system, summary: Option Summary. (line 567)
* overwrite: Overwrite Old Files. (line 6)
* overwrite, introduced: Dealing with Old Files.
- (line 22)
-* overwrite, summary: Option Summary. (line 555)
+ (line 32)
+* overwrite, summary: Option Summary. (line 572)
* overwrite-dir: Overwrite Old Files. (line 28)
* overwrite-dir, introduced: Dealing with Old Files.
(line 6)
-* overwrite-dir, summary: Option Summary. (line 559)
+* overwrite-dir, summary: Option Summary. (line 576)
* owner: override. (line 57)
-* owner, summary: Option Summary. (line 563)
+* owner, summary: Option Summary. (line 580)
* pax-option: PAX keywords. (line 6)
-* pax-option, summary: Option Summary. (line 572)
-* portability, summary: Option Summary. (line 578)
-* posix, summary: Option Summary. (line 582)
+* pax-option, summary: Option Summary. (line 588)
+* portability, summary: Option Summary. (line 594)
+* posix, summary: Option Summary. (line 598)
* preserve: Attributes. (line 122)
-* preserve, summary: Option Summary. (line 585)
+* preserve, summary: Option Summary. (line 601)
* preserve-order: Same Order. (line 6)
-* preserve-order, summary: Option Summary. (line 589)
+* preserve-order, summary: Option Summary. (line 605)
* preserve-permissions: Setting Access Permissions.
(line 10)
* preserve-permissions, short description: Attributes. (line 109)
-* preserve-permissions, summary: Option Summary. (line 592)
-* quote-chars, summary: Option Summary. (line 602)
+* preserve-permissions, summary: Option Summary. (line 608)
+* quote-chars, summary: Option Summary. (line 618)
* quoting-style: quoting styles. (line 38)
-* quoting-style, summary: Option Summary. (line 606)
+* quoting-style, summary: Option Summary. (line 622)
* read-full-records <1>: read full records. (line 6)
* read-full-records: Reading. (line 6)
* read-full-records, short description: Blocking Factor. (line 172)
-* read-full-records, summary: Option Summary. (line 613)
-* record-size, summary: Option Summary. (line 618)
+* read-full-records, summary: Option Summary. (line 629)
+* record-size, summary: Option Summary. (line 634)
* recursion: recurse. (line 22)
-* recursion, summary: Option Summary. (line 625)
+* recursion, summary: Option Summary. (line 641)
* recursive-unlink: Recursive Unlink. (line 6)
-* recursive-unlink, summary: Option Summary. (line 629)
+* recursive-unlink, summary: Option Summary. (line 645)
* remove-files: remove files. (line 6)
-* remove-files, summary: Option Summary. (line 634)
-* restrict, summary: Option Summary. (line 638)
-* rmt-command, summary: Option Summary. (line 643)
+* remove-files, summary: Option Summary. (line 650)
+* restrict, summary: Option Summary. (line 654)
+* rmt-command, summary: Option Summary. (line 659)
* rsh-command: Device. (line 73)
-* rsh-command, summary: Option Summary. (line 647)
+* rsh-command, summary: Option Summary. (line 663)
* same-order: Same Order. (line 6)
-* same-order, summary: Option Summary. (line 651)
+* same-order, summary: Option Summary. (line 667)
* same-owner: Attributes. (line 44)
-* same-owner, summary: Option Summary. (line 659)
+* same-owner, summary: Option Summary. (line 675)
* same-permissions: Setting Access Permissions.
(line 10)
* same-permissions, short description: Attributes. (line 109)
-* same-permissions, summary: Option Summary. (line 592)
-* seek, summary: Option Summary. (line 668)
+* same-permissions, summary: Option Summary. (line 608)
+* seek, summary: Option Summary. (line 684)
* show-defaults: defaults. (line 6)
-* show-defaults, summary: Option Summary. (line 677)
+* show-defaults, summary: Option Summary. (line 693)
* show-omitted-dirs: verbose. (line 107)
-* show-omitted-dirs, summary: Option Summary. (line 689)
+* show-omitted-dirs, summary: Option Summary. (line 705)
+* show-snapshot-field-ranges: Snapshot Files. (line 113)
+* show-snapshot-field-ranges, summary: Option Summary. (line 709)
* show-stored-names: list. (line 60)
-* show-stored-names, summary: Option Summary. (line 693)
+* show-stored-names, summary: Option Summary. (line 714)
* show-transformed-names: transform. (line 45)
-* show-transformed-names, summary: Option Summary. (line 693)
+* show-transformed-names, summary: Option Summary. (line 714)
+* skip-old-files, introduced: Dealing with Old Files.
+ (line 28)
+* skip-old-files, summary: Option Summary. (line 722)
* sparse: sparse. (line 22)
-* sparse, summary: Option Summary. (line 701)
+* sparse, summary: Option Summary. (line 734)
* sparse-version: sparse. (line 57)
-* sparse-version, summary: Option Summary. (line 706)
+* sparse-version, summary: Option Summary. (line 739)
* starting-file: Starting File. (line 6)
-* starting-file, summary: Option Summary. (line 711)
+* starting-file, summary: Option Summary. (line 744)
* strip-components: transform. (line 25)
-* strip-components, summary: Option Summary. (line 717)
+* strip-components, summary: Option Summary. (line 750)
* suffix: backup. (line 68)
-* suffix, summary: Option Summary. (line 726)
+* suffix, summary: Option Summary. (line 759)
* tape-length: Multi-Volume Archives.
(line 33)
* tape-length, short description: Device. (line 96)
-* tape-length, summary: Option Summary. (line 730)
+* tape-length, summary: Option Summary. (line 763)
* test-label: label. (line 35)
-* test-label, summary: Option Summary. (line 739)
+* test-label, summary: Option Summary. (line 772)
* to-command: Writing to an External Program.
(line 9)
-* to-command, summary: Option Summary. (line 743)
+* to-command, summary: Option Summary. (line 776)
* to-stdout: Writing to Standard Output.
(line 14)
-* to-stdout, summary: Option Summary. (line 747)
+* to-stdout, summary: Option Summary. (line 780)
* totals: verbose. (line 46)
-* totals, summary: Option Summary. (line 752)
+* totals, summary: Option Summary. (line 785)
* touch <1>: Attributes. (line 33)
* touch: Data Modification Times.
(line 15)
-* touch, summary: Option Summary. (line 757)
+* touch, summary: Option Summary. (line 790)
* transform: transform. (line 74)
-* transform, summary: Option Summary. (line 763)
+* transform, summary: Option Summary. (line 796)
* uncompress: gzip. (line 113)
-* uncompress, summary: Option Summary. (line 152)
+* uncompress, summary: Option Summary. (line 153)
* ungzip: gzip. (line 91)
-* ungzip, summary: Option Summary. (line 297)
+* ungzip, summary: Option Summary. (line 298)
* unlink-first: Unlink First. (line 6)
* unlink-first, introduced: Dealing with Old Files.
- (line 42)
-* unlink-first, summary: Option Summary. (line 783)
+ (line 52)
+* unlink-first, summary: Option Summary. (line 816)
* unquote: Selecting Archive Members.
(line 39)
-* unquote, summary: Option Summary. (line 789)
+* unquote, summary: Option Summary. (line 822)
* update <1>: how to update. (line 6)
* update: update. (line 6)
* update, summary: Operation Summary. (line 50)
-* usage: help. (line 54)
-* use-compress-program: gzip. (line 178)
-* use-compress-program, summary: Option Summary. (line 793)
-* utc, summary: Option Summary. (line 798)
+* usage: help. (line 53)
+* use-compress-program: gzip. (line 177)
+* use-compress-program, summary: Option Summary. (line 826)
+* utc, summary: Option Summary. (line 831)
* verbose: verbose. (line 18)
* verbose, introduced: verbose tutorial. (line 6)
-* verbose, summary: Option Summary. (line 802)
+* verbose, summary: Option Summary. (line 835)
* verbose, using with --create: create verbose. (line 6)
* verbose, using with --list: list. (line 30)
* verify, short description: verify. (line 8)
-* verify, summary: Option Summary. (line 809)
+* verify, summary: Option Summary. (line 842)
* verify, using with --create: verify. (line 24)
* version: help. (line 6)
-* version, summary: Option Summary. (line 814)
+* version, summary: Option Summary. (line 847)
* volno-file: Multi-Volume Archives.
(line 79)
-* volno-file, summary: Option Summary. (line 819)
+* volno-file, summary: Option Summary. (line 852)
* warning, explained: warnings. (line 12)
-* warning, summary: Option Summary. (line 824)
+* warning, summary: Option Summary. (line 857)
* wildcards: controlling pattern-matching.
(line 38)
-* wildcards, summary: Option Summary. (line 829)
+* wildcards, summary: Option Summary. (line 862)
* wildcards-match-slash: controlling pattern-matching.
(line 92)
-* wildcards-match-slash, summary: Option Summary. (line 833)
+* wildcards-match-slash, summary: Option Summary. (line 866)
* xform: transform. (line 74)
-* xform, summary: Option Summary. (line 763)
+* xform, summary: Option Summary. (line 796)
* xz: gzip. (line 96)
-* xz, summary: Option Summary. (line 836)
-
-\1f
-File: tar.info, Node: Index, Prev: Index of Command Line Options, Up: Top
-
-Appendix I Index
-****************
-
-\0\b[index\0\b]
-* Menu:
-
-* %s: Directory has been renamed from %s, warning message: warnings.
- (line 108)
-* %s: Directory has been renamed, warning message: warnings. (line 108)
-* %s: Directory is new, warning message: warnings. (line 110)
-* %s: directory is on a different device: not purging, warning message: warnings.
- (line 113)
-* -after-date and -update compared: after. (line 19)
-* -newer-mtime and -update compared: after. (line 19)
-* A lone zero block at, warning message: warnings. (line 35)
-* abbreviations for months: Calendar date items. (line 38)
-* absolute file names <1>: Remote Tape Server. (line 17)
-* absolute file names: absolute. (line 6)
-* Adding archives to an archive: concatenate. (line 6)
-* Adding files to an Archive: appending files. (line 6)
-* ADMINISTRATOR: General-Purpose Variables.
- (line 7)
-* Age, excluding files by: after. (line 6)
-* ago in date strings: Relative items in date strings.
- (line 23)
-* all: warnings. (line 28)
-* alone-zero-block: warnings. (line 35)
-* alternative decompression programs: gzip. (line 54)
-* am in date strings: Time of day items. (line 22)
-* Appending files to an Archive: appending files. (line 6)
-* appending files to existing archive: append. (line 6)
-* Arch, excluding files: exclude. (line 37)
-* archive: Definitions. (line 6)
-* Archive creation: file. (line 34)
-* archive member: Definitions. (line 15)
-* Archive Name: file. (line 6)
-* Archive, creation of: create. (line 8)
-* Archives, Appending files to: appending files. (line 6)
-* archives, binary equivalent: PAX keywords. (line 132)
-* Archiving Directories: create dir. (line 6)
-* archiving files: Top. (line 24)
-* ARGP_HELP_FMT, environment variable: Configuring Help Summary.
- (line 21)
-* arguments to long options: Long Options. (line 31)
-* arguments to old options: Old Options. (line 17)
-* arguments to short options: Short Options. (line 13)
-* atrributes, files: Attributes. (line 6)
-* Attempting extraction of symbolic links as hard links, warning message: warnings.
- (line 77)
-* authors of parse_datetime: Authors of parse_datetime.
- (line 6)
-* Avoiding recursion in directories: recurse. (line 6)
-* backup options: backup. (line 6)
-* backup suffix: backup. (line 68)
-* BACKUP_DIRS: General-Purpose Variables.
- (line 29)
-* BACKUP_FILES: General-Purpose Variables.
- (line 55)
-* BACKUP_HOUR: General-Purpose Variables.
- (line 11)
-* backups <1>: Backups. (line 6)
-* backups: backup. (line 41)
-* bad-dumpdir: warnings. (line 116)
-* basic operations: Operations. (line 6)
-* Bazaar, excluding files: exclude. (line 37)
-* beginning of time, for POSIX: Seconds since the Epoch.
- (line 13)
-* bell, checkpoint action: checkpoints. (line 65)
-* Bellovin, Steven M.: Authors of parse_datetime.
- (line 6)
-* Berets, Jim: Authors of parse_datetime.
- (line 6)
-* Berry, K.: Authors of parse_datetime.
- (line 19)
-* binary equivalent archives, creating: PAX keywords. (line 132)
-* block: Blocking. (line 6)
-* Block number where error occurred: verbose. (line 115)
-* BLOCKING: General-Purpose Variables.
- (line 25)
-* blocking factor: Blocking Factor. (line 194)
-* Blocking Factor: Blocking Factor. (line 6)
-* Blocks per record: Blocking Factor. (line 6)
-* bug reports: Reports. (line 6)
-* Bytes per record: Blocking Factor. (line 6)
-* bzip2: gzip. (line 6)
-* cachedir: warnings. (line 43)
-* calendar date item: Calendar date items. (line 6)
-* case, ignored in dates: General date syntax. (line 64)
-* cat vs concatenate: concatenate. (line 63)
-* Changing directory mid-stream: directory. (line 6)
-* Character class, excluding characters from: wildcards. (line 34)
-* checkpoints, defined: checkpoints. (line 6)
-* Choosing an archive file: file. (line 6)
-* comments, in dates: General date syntax. (line 64)
-* compress: gzip. (line 6)
-* Compressed archives: gzip. (line 6)
-* concatenate vs cat: concatenate. (line 63)
-* Concatenating Archives: concatenate. (line 6)
-* contains a cache directory tag, warning message: warnings. (line 43)
-* contiguous-cast: warnings. (line 74)
-* corrupted archives <1>: gzip. (line 146)
-* corrupted archives: Full Dumps. (line 8)
-* Creation of the archive: create. (line 8)
-* Current %s is newer or same age, warning message: warnings. (line 83)
-* CVS, excluding files: exclude. (line 37)
-* Darcs, excluding files: exclude. (line 37)
-* DAT blocking: Blocking Factor. (line 204)
-* Data Modification time, excluding files by: after. (line 6)
-* Data modification times of extracted files: Data Modification Times.
- (line 6)
-* date format, ISO 8601: Calendar date items. (line 30)
-* date input formats: Date input formats. (line 6)
-* day in date strings: Relative items in date strings.
- (line 15)
-* day of week item: Day of week items. (line 6)
-* decompress-program: warnings. (line 89)
-* Deleting files from an archive: delete. (line 6)
-* Deleting from tape archives: delete. (line 17)
-* dereferencing hard links: hard links. (line 6)
-* Descending directories, avoiding: recurse. (line 6)
-* Device numbers, changing: Fixing Snapshot Files.
- (line 6)
-* Device numbers, using in incremental backups: Incremental Dumps.
- (line 90)
-* Directories, Archiving: create dir. (line 6)
-* Directories, avoiding recursion: recurse. (line 6)
-* Directory, changing mid-stream: directory. (line 6)
-* DIRLIST: General-Purpose Variables.
- (line 51)
-* displacement of dates: Relative items in date strings.
- (line 6)
-* doc-opt-col: Configuring Help Summary.
- (line 94)
-* door ignored, warning message: warnings. (line 50)
-* dot, checkpoint action: checkpoints. (line 80)
-* Double-checking a write operation: verify. (line 6)
-* DUMP_BEGIN: User Hooks. (line 32)
-* DUMP_END: User Hooks. (line 36)
-* DUMP_REMIND_SCRIPT: General-Purpose Variables.
- (line 102)
-* dumps, full: Full Dumps. (line 8)
-* dup-args: Configuring Help Summary.
- (line 51)
-* dup-args-note: Configuring Help Summary.
- (line 68)
-* echo, checkpoint action: checkpoints. (line 25)
-* Eggert, Paul: Authors of parse_datetime.
- (line 6)
-* End-of-archive blocks, ignoring: Ignore Zeros. (line 6)
-* End-of-archive info script: Multi-Volume Archives.
- (line 88)
-* entry: Naming tar Archives. (line 11)
-* epoch, for POSIX: Seconds since the Epoch.
- (line 13)
-* Error message, block number of: verbose. (line 125)
-* Exabyte blocking: Blocking Factor. (line 204)
-* exclude: exclude. (line 12)
-* exclude-caches: exclude. (line 93)
-* exclude-from: exclude. (line 25)
-* exclude-tag: exclude. (line 116)
-* Excluding characters from a character class: wildcards. (line 34)
-* Excluding file by age: after. (line 6)
-* Excluding files by file system: exclude. (line 6)
-* Excluding files by name and pattern: exclude. (line 6)
-* Exec Mode, genfile: Exec Mode. (line 6)
-* exec, checkpoint action: checkpoints. (line 96)
-* existing backup method: backup. (line 59)
-* exit status: Synopsis. (line 67)
-* Extracting contiguous files as regular files, warning message: warnings.
- (line 74)
-* extracting Nth copy of the file: append. (line 34)
-* Extraction: extract. (line 6)
-* extraction: Definitions. (line 22)
-* file archival: Top. (line 24)
-* file attributes: Attributes. (line 6)
-* file changed as we read it, warning message: warnings. (line 64)
-* file is on a different filesystem, warning message: warnings.
- (line 47)
-* file is the archive; not dumped, warning message: warnings. (line 58)
-* file is unchanged; not dumped, warning message: warnings. (line 55)
-* File lists separated by NUL characters: Generate Mode. (line 33)
-* file name: Definitions. (line 15)
-* File Name arguments, alternatives: files. (line 6)
-* File name arguments, using --list with: list. (line 68)
-* file name read contains nul character, warning message: warnings.
- (line 32)
-* file names, absolute: absolute. (line 6)
-* File names, excluding files by: exclude. (line 6)
-* File names, terminated by NUL: nul. (line 6)
-* File names, using hard links: hard links. (line 6)
-* File names, using symbolic links: dereference. (line 6)
-* File removed before we read it, warning message: warnings. (line 61)
-* File shrank by %s bytes, warning message: warnings. (line 44)
-* File system boundaries, not crossing: one. (line 6)
-* file-changed: warnings. (line 64)
-* file-ignored: warnings. (line 50)
-* file-removed: warnings. (line 61)
-* file-shrank: warnings. (line 44)
-* file-unchanged: warnings. (line 55)
-* FILELIST: General-Purpose Variables.
- (line 65)
-* filename-with-nuls: warnings. (line 32)
-* find, using with tar <1>: recurse. (line 11)
-* find, using with tar: files. (line 6)
-* first in date strings: General date syntax. (line 26)
-* format 0, snapshot file: Snapshot Files. (line 23)
-* format 1, snapshot file: Snapshot Files. (line 47)
-* format 2, snapshot file: Snapshot Files. (line 69)
-* Format Options: Format Variations. (line 6)
-* Format Parameters: Format Variations. (line 6)
-* Format, old style: old. (line 6)
-* fortnight in date strings: Relative items in date strings.
- (line 15)
-* free documentation: Free Software Needs Free Documentation.
- (line 6)
-* full dumps: Full Dumps. (line 8)
-* future time stamps: Large or Negative Values.
- (line 6)
-* general date syntax: General date syntax. (line 6)
-* Generate Mode, genfile: Generate Mode. (line 6)
-* genfile: Genfile. (line 6)
-* genfile, create file: Generate Mode. (line 6)
-* genfile, creating sparse files: Generate Mode. (line 55)
-* genfile, generate mode: Generate Mode. (line 6)
-* genfile, reading a list of file names: Generate Mode. (line 22)
-* genfile, seeking to a given offset: Generate Mode. (line 18)
-* Getting program version number: help. (line 6)
-* git, excluding files: exclude. (line 37)
-* GNU archive format: gnu. (line 6)
-* GNU.sparse.major, extended header variable: PAX 1. (line 14)
-* GNU.sparse.map, extended header variable: PAX 0. (line 60)
-* GNU.sparse.minor, extended header variable: PAX 1. (line 17)
-* GNU.sparse.name, extended header variable: PAX 0. (line 68)
-* GNU.sparse.name, extended header variable, in v.1.0: PAX 1. (line 24)
-* GNU.sparse.numblocks, extended header variable: PAX 0. (line 15)
-* GNU.sparse.numbytes, extended header variable: PAX 0. (line 21)
-* GNU.sparse.offset, extended header variable: PAX 0. (line 18)
-* GNU.sparse.realsize, extended header variable: PAX 1. (line 24)
-* GNU.sparse.size, extended header variable: PAX 0. (line 11)
-* gnupg, using with tar: gzip. (line 193)
-* gpg, using with tar: gzip. (line 193)
-* gzip: gzip. (line 6)
-* hard links, dereferencing: hard links. (line 6)
-* header-col: Configuring Help Summary.
- (line 140)
-* hook: User Hooks. (line 13)
-* hour in date strings: Relative items in date strings.
- (line 15)
-* ignore-archive: warnings. (line 58)
-* ignore-newer: warnings. (line 83)
-* Ignoring end-of-archive blocks: Ignore Zeros. (line 6)
-* Ignoring unknown extended header keyword `%s', warning message: warnings.
- (line 86)
-* implausibly old time stamp %s, warning message: warnings. (line 72)
-* Info script: Multi-Volume Archives.
- (line 88)
-* Interactive operation: interactive. (line 6)
-* ISO 8601 date format: Calendar date items. (line 30)
-* items in date strings: General date syntax. (line 6)
-* Labeling an archive: label. (line 6)
-* labeling archives: Tape Files. (line 6)
-* Labeling multi-volume archives: label. (line 6)
-* Labels on the archive media: label. (line 6)
-* language, in dates: General date syntax. (line 40)
-* Large lists of file names on small machines: Same Order. (line 6)
-* large values: Large or Negative Values.
- (line 6)
-* last DAY: Day of week items. (line 15)
-* last in date strings: General date syntax. (line 26)
-* Laszlo Ersek: lbzip2. (line 6)
-* lbzip2: lbzip2. (line 6)
-* Listing all tar options: help. (line 27)
-* listing member and file names: list. (line 41)
-* Listing volume label: label. (line 27)
-* Lists of file names: files. (line 6)
-* Local and remote archives: file. (line 71)
-* long options: Long Options. (line 6)
-* long options with mandatory arguments: Long Options. (line 31)
-* long options with optional arguments: Long Options. (line 40)
-* long-opt-col: Configuring Help Summary.
- (line 86)
-* lzip: gzip. (line 6)
-* lzma: gzip. (line 6)
-* lzop: gzip. (line 6)
-* MacKenzie, David: Authors of parse_datetime.
- (line 6)
-* Malformed dumpdir: 'X' never used, warning message: warnings.
- (line 116)
-* member: Definitions. (line 15)
-* member name: Definitions. (line 15)
-* members, multiple: multiple. (line 6)
-* Members, replacing with other members: append. (line 47)
-* Mercurial, excluding files: exclude. (line 37)
-* Meyering, Jim: Authors of parse_datetime.
- (line 6)
-* Middle of the archive, starting in the: Starting File. (line 11)
-* midnight in date strings: Time of day items. (line 22)
-* minute in date strings: Relative items in date strings.
- (line 15)
-* minutes, time zone correction by: Time of day items. (line 30)
-* Modes of extracted files: Setting Access Permissions.
- (line 6)
-* Modification time, excluding files by: after. (line 6)
-* Modification times of extracted files: Data Modification Times.
- (line 6)
-* month in date strings: Relative items in date strings.
- (line 15)
-* month names in date strings: Calendar date items. (line 38)
-* months, written-out: General date syntax. (line 36)
-* MT: General-Purpose Variables.
- (line 69)
-* MT_BEGIN: Magnetic Tape Control.
- (line 11)
-* MT_OFFLINE: Magnetic Tape Control.
- (line 32)
-* MT_REWIND: Magnetic Tape Control.
- (line 21)
-* MT_STATUS: Magnetic Tape Control.
- (line 42)
-* Multi-volume archives: Multi-Volume Archives.
- (line 6)
-* multiple members: multiple. (line 6)
-* Mutli-volume archives in PAX format, extracting using non-GNU tars: Split Recovery.
- (line 17)
-* Mutli-volume archives, extracting using non-GNU tars: Split Recovery.
- (line 6)
-* Naming an archive: file. (line 6)
-* negative time stamps: Large or Negative Values.
- (line 6)
-* new-directory: warnings. (line 110)
-* next DAY: Day of week items. (line 15)
-* next in date strings: General date syntax. (line 26)
-* none: warnings. (line 29)
-* noon in date strings: Time of day items. (line 22)
-* now in date strings: Relative items in date strings.
- (line 33)
-* ntape device: Many. (line 6)
-* NUL-terminated file names: nul. (line 6)
-* Number of blocks per record: Blocking Factor. (line 6)
-* Number of bytes per record: Blocking Factor. (line 6)
-* numbered backup method: backup. (line 55)
-* numbers, written-out: General date syntax. (line 26)
-* Obtaining help: help. (line 27)
-* Obtaining total status information: verbose. (line 46)
-* Old GNU archive format: gnu. (line 6)
-* Old GNU sparse format: Old GNU Format. (line 6)
-* old option style: Old Options. (line 6)
-* old options with mandatory arguments: Old Options. (line 17)
-* Old style archives: old. (line 6)
-* Old style format: old. (line 6)
-* opt-doc-col: Configuring Help Summary.
- (line 126)
-* option syntax, traditional: Old Options. (line 58)
-* optional arguments to long options: Long Options. (line 40)
-* optional arguments to short options: Short Options. (line 22)
-* options for use with --extract: extract options. (line 6)
-* Options when reading archives: Reading. (line 6)
-* Options, archive format specifying: Format Variations. (line 6)
-* Options, format specifying: Format Variations. (line 6)
-* options, GNU style: Long Options. (line 6)
-* options, long style: Long Options. (line 6)
-* options, mixing different styles: Mixing. (line 6)
-* options, mnemonic names: Long Options. (line 6)
-* options, old style: Old Options. (line 6)
-* options, short style: Short Options. (line 6)
-* options, traditional: Short Options. (line 6)
-* ordinal numbers: General date syntax. (line 26)
-* Overwriting old files, prevention: Dealing with Old Files.
- (line 16)
-* parse_datetime: Date input formats. (line 6)
-* pattern, genfile: Generate Mode. (line 39)
-* PAX archive format: posix. (line 6)
-* Permissions of extracted files: Setting Access Permissions.
- (line 6)
-* Pinard, F.: Authors of parse_datetime.
- (line 19)
-* pm in date strings: Time of day items. (line 22)
-* POSIX archive format: posix. (line 6)
-* Progress information: verbose. (line 83)
-* Protecting old files: Dealing with Old Files.
- (line 26)
-* pure numbers in date strings: Pure numbers in date strings.
- (line 6)
-* RCS, excluding files: exclude. (line 37)
-* Reading file names from a file: files. (line 6)
-* Reading incomplete records: Reading. (line 6)
-* record: Blocking. (line 6)
-* Record Size: Blocking Factor. (line 6)
-* Records, incomplete: Reading. (line 6)
-* Recursion in directories, avoiding: recurse. (line 6)
-* relative items in date strings: Relative items in date strings.
- (line 6)
-* Remote devices: file. (line 60)
-* remote tape drive: Remote Tape Server. (line 6)
-* Removing files from an archive: delete. (line 6)
-* rename-directory: warnings. (line 108)
-* Replacing members with other members: append. (line 47)
-* reporting bugs: Reports. (line 6)
-* RESTORE_BEGIN: User Hooks. (line 39)
-* RESTORE_END: User Hooks. (line 42)
-* Resurrecting files from an archive: extract. (line 6)
-* Retrieving files from an archive: extract. (line 6)
-* return status: Synopsis. (line 67)
-* rmargin: Configuring Help Summary.
- (line 158)
-* rmt: Remote Tape Server. (line 6)
-* RSH: General-Purpose Variables.
- (line 72)
-* RSH_COMMAND: General-Purpose Variables.
- (line 77)
-* Running out of space: Scarce. (line 8)
-* Salz, Rich: Authors of parse_datetime.
- (line 6)
-* SCCS, excluding files: exclude. (line 37)
-* short options: Short Options. (line 6)
-* short options with mandatory arguments: Short Options. (line 13)
-* short options with optional arguments: Short Options. (line 22)
-* short-opt-col: Configuring Help Summary.
- (line 78)
-* simple backup method: backup. (line 64)
-* SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX: backup. (line 68)
-* sleep, checkpoint action: checkpoints. (line 90)
-* SLEEP_MESSAGE: General-Purpose Variables.
- (line 111)
-* SLEEP_TIME: General-Purpose Variables.
- (line 97)
-* Small memory: Scarce. (line 8)
-* snapshot file, format 0: Snapshot Files. (line 23)
-* snapshot file, format 1: Snapshot Files. (line 47)
-* snapshot file, format 2: Snapshot Files. (line 69)
-* snapshot files, editing: Fixing Snapshot Files.
- (line 6)
-* snapshot files, fixing device numbers: Fixing Snapshot Files.
- (line 6)
-* socket ignored, warning message: warnings. (line 50)
-* Sparse Files: sparse. (line 6)
-* sparse files v.0.0, extracting with non-GNU tars: Sparse Recovery.
- (line 92)
-* sparse files v.0.1, extracting with non-GNU tars: Sparse Recovery.
- (line 92)
-* sparse files v.1.0, extracting with non-GNU tars: Sparse Recovery.
- (line 17)
-* Sparse files, creating using genfile: Generate Mode. (line 55)
-* sparse files, extracting with non-GNU tars: Sparse Recovery.
- (line 6)
-* sparse formats: Sparse Formats. (line 6)
-* sparse formats, defined: sparse. (line 50)
-* sparse formats, Old GNU: Old GNU Format. (line 6)
-* sparse formats, v.0.0: PAX 0. (line 6)
-* sparse formats, v.0.1: PAX 0. (line 52)
-* sparse formats, v.1.0: PAX 1. (line 6)
-* sparse versions: Sparse Formats. (line 6)
-* Specifying archive members: Selecting Archive Members.
- (line 6)
-* Specifying files to act on: Selecting Archive Members.
- (line 6)
-* Standard input and output: file. (line 39)
-* Standard output, writing extracted files to: Writing to Standard Output.
- (line 6)
-* Storing archives in compressed format: gzip. (line 6)
-* SVN, excluding files: exclude. (line 37)
-* Symbolic link as file name: dereference. (line 6)
-* symlink-cast: warnings. (line 77)
-* TAPE: file tutorial. (line 14)
-* tape blocking: Blocking Factor. (line 194)
-* tape marks: Many. (line 44)
-* tape positioning: Many. (line 26)
-* TAPE_FILE: General-Purpose Variables.
- (line 19)
-* Tapes, using --delete and: delete. (line 17)
-* TAR: General-Purpose Variables.
- (line 115)
-* tar: What tar Does. (line 6)
-* tar archive: Definitions. (line 6)
-* Tar archive formats: Formats. (line 6)
-* tar entry: Naming tar Archives. (line 11)
-* tar file: Naming tar Archives. (line 11)
-* tar to a remote device: file. (line 60)
-* tar to standard input and output: file. (line 39)
-* tar-snapshot-edit: Fixing Snapshot Files.
- (line 15)
-* TAR_ARCHIVE, checkpoint script environment: checkpoints. (line 108)
-* TAR_ARCHIVE, info script environment variable: Multi-Volume Archives.
- (line 108)
-* TAR_ARCHIVE, to-command environment: Writing to an External Program.
- (line 76)
-* TAR_ATIME, to-command environment: Writing to an External Program.
- (line 49)
-* TAR_BLOCKING_FACTOR, checkpoint script environment: checkpoints.
- (line 111)
-* TAR_BLOCKING_FACTOR, info script environment variable: Multi-Volume Archives.
- (line 111)
-* TAR_BLOCKING_FACTOR, to-command environment: Writing to an External Program.
- (line 79)
-* TAR_CHECKPOINT, checkpoint script environment: checkpoints. (line 114)
-* TAR_CTIME, to-command environment: Writing to an External Program.
- (line 58)
-* TAR_FD, info script environment variable: Multi-Volume Archives.
- (line 125)
-* TAR_FILENAME, to-command environment: Writing to an External Program.
- (line 37)
-* TAR_FILETYPE, to-command environment: Writing to an External Program.
- (line 22)
-* TAR_FORMAT, checkpoint script environment: checkpoints. (line 121)
-* TAR_FORMAT, info script environment variable: Multi-Volume Archives.
- (line 121)
-* TAR_FORMAT, to-command environment: Writing to an External Program.
- (line 85)
-* TAR_GID, to-command environment: Writing to an External Program.
- (line 67)
-* TAR_GNAME, to-command environment: Writing to an External Program.
- (line 46)
-* TAR_MODE, to-command environment: Writing to an External Program.
- (line 34)
-* TAR_MTIME, to-command environment: Writing to an External Program.
- (line 55)
-* TAR_OPTIONS, environment variable: using tar options. (line 30)
-* TAR_REALNAME, to-command environment: Writing to an External Program.
- (line 40)
-* TAR_SIZE, to-command environment: Writing to an External Program.
- (line 61)
-* TAR_SUBCOMMAND, checkpoint script environment: checkpoints. (line 117)
-* TAR_SUBCOMMAND, info script environment variable: Multi-Volume Archives.
- (line 117)
-* TAR_UID, to-command environment: Writing to an External Program.
- (line 64)
-* TAR_UNAME, to-command environment: Writing to an External Program.
- (line 43)
-* TAR_VERSION, checkpoint script environment: checkpoints. (line 105)
-* TAR_VERSION, info script environment variable: Multi-Volume Archives.
- (line 105)
-* TAR_VERSION, to-command environment: Writing to an External Program.
- (line 73)
-* TAR_VOLUME, info script environment variable: Multi-Volume Archives.
- (line 114)
-* TAR_VOLUME, to-command environment: Writing to an External Program.
- (line 82)
-* tarcat: Tarcat. (line 6)
-* this in date strings: Relative items in date strings.
- (line 33)
-* time of day item: Time of day items. (line 6)
-* time stamp %s is %s s in the future, warning message: warnings.
- (line 72)
-* time zone correction: Time of day items. (line 30)
-* time zone item <1>: Time zone items. (line 6)
-* time zone item: General date syntax. (line 44)
-* timestamp: warnings. (line 72)
-* today in date strings: Relative items in date strings.
- (line 33)
-* tomorrow in date strings: Relative items in date strings.
- (line 29)
-* ttyout, checkpoint action: checkpoints. (line 70)
-* TZ: Specifying time zone rules.
- (line 6)
-* Ultrix 3.1 and write failure: Remote Tape Server. (line 40)
-* Unknown file type `%c', extracted as normal file, warning message: warnings.
- (line 80)
-* Unknown file type; file ignored, warning message: warnings. (line 50)
-* unknown-cast: warnings. (line 80)
-* unknown-keyword: warnings. (line 86)
-* unpacking: Definitions. (line 22)
-* Updating an archive: update. (line 6)
-* usage-indent: Configuring Help Summary.
- (line 154)
-* Using encrypted archives: gzip. (line 193)
-* ustar archive format: ustar. (line 6)
-* uuencode: Applications. (line 8)
-* v7 archive format: old. (line 6)
-* VCS, excluding files: exclude. (line 37)
-* Verbose operation: verbose. (line 18)
-* Verifying a write operation: verify. (line 6)
-* Verifying the currency of an archive: compare. (line 6)
-* version control system, excluding files: exclude. (line 37)
-* Version of the tar program: help. (line 6)
-* version-control Emacs variable: backup. (line 49)
-* VERSION_CONTROL: backup. (line 41)
-* volno file: Multi-Volume Archives.
- (line 79)
-* VOLNO_FILE: General-Purpose Variables.
- (line 82)
-* Volume label, listing: label. (line 27)
-* Volume number file: Multi-Volume Archives.
- (line 79)
-* week in date strings: Relative items in date strings.
- (line 15)
-* Where is the archive?: file. (line 6)
-* Working directory, specifying: directory. (line 6)
-* Writing extracted files to standard output: Writing to Standard Output.
- (line 6)
-* Writing new archives: file. (line 34)
-* xdev: warnings. (line 47)
-* XLIST: General-Purpose Variables.
- (line 87)
-* xsparse: Sparse Recovery. (line 13)
-* year in date strings: Relative items in date strings.
- (line 15)
-* yesterday in date strings: Relative items in date strings.
- (line 29)
-
+* xz, summary: Option Summary. (line 869)
projects / debian / tar / blobdiff