-.\" $Id: MAKEDEV.man,v 2.2 1995/05/21 17:55:30 alfie Exp $
-.TH MAKEDEV 8 "14th August 1994" Linux "Linux Programmer's Manual"
+.\" $Id: MAKEDEV.man,v 3.0 2002/05/17 22:47 toff Exp $
+.TH MAKEDEV 8 "May 17 2002" Linux "Make Linux Devices"
.SH NAME
MAKEDEV \- create devices
.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B "cd dev; ./MAKEDEV -V"
+.B "cd /dev; ./MAKEDEV [ -n ] [ -v ] [ update ]"
.br
-.B "cd dev; ./MAKEDEV [ -n ] [ -v ] update"
+.B "cd /dev; ./MAKEDEV [ -n ] [ -v ] [ generic ] [ local ] [ group-keyword ... device ... ]"
.br
-.BI "cd dev; ./MAKEDEV [ -n ] [ -v ] [ -d ]" " device ..."
+.BI "cd /dev; ./MAKEDEV [ -n ] [ -v ] [ -d ]" " device ..."
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B MAKEDEV
-is a script that will create the devices in \fC/dev\fP used to interface
+is a script that will create the devices in
+.B /dev
+used to interface
with drivers in the kernel.
.PP
Note that programs giving the error ``ENOENT: No such file or
driver configured or loaded.
.SH OPTIONS
.TP
-.B \-V
-Print out version (actually RCS version information) and exit.
-.TP
.B \-n
Do not actually update the devices, just print the actions that would be
performed.
from device type to user, group and permissions (e.g. all CD-ROM devices
are set from the \fC$cdrom\fP variable). If you wish to change the
defaults, this is the section to edit.
-.SH DEVICES
-.TP
-.B General Options
+.SH GENERAL OPTIONS
.TP
.B update
This only works on kernels which have \fC/proc/interrupts\fP (introduced
created, and those which are no longer configured are deleted.
.TP
.B generic
-Create a generic subset of devices. This is the standard devices, plus
-floppy drives, various hard drives, pseudo-terminals, console devices,
-basic serial devices, busmice, and printer ports.
-.TP
-.B
-std
-Standard devices.
-These are:
+Create a generic subset of devices. This subset consists of the
+standard devices, plus floppy drives, various hard drives, CD-ROM
+drives, pseudo-terminals, console devices, basic serial devices,
+busmice, audio devices, video framebuffers, printer ports, and some
+specialized devices. The generic subset varies somewhat according to
+architecture; see the
+.B /dev/MAKEDEV
+script itself for details.
+.TP
+.B local
+This simply runs
+.BR MAKEDEV.local .
+This is a script that can create any local devices.
+.SH DEVICE GROUPS
+.B MAKEDEV
+creates groups of devices when passed keywords for the group.
+Each listing below shows the
+.B MAKEDEV
+keyword and then lists the devices which will be created. Many
+devices can also be specified individually.
+.SH STANDARD DEVICES
+.TP
+.B std
+Creates this group of standard devices:
.B mem
-\- acess to physical memory;
+for access to physical memory,
.B kmem
-\- access to kernel virtual memory;
+for access to kernel virtual memory,
.B null
-\- null device (infinite sink);
+the null device (infinite sink),
.B port
-\- access to I/O ports;
+for access to I/O ports,
.B zero
-\- null byte source (infinite source);
-.B core
-\- symlink to /proc/kcore (for kernel debugging);
+the null byte source (infinite source),
+.BR core ,
+a symlink to /proc/kcore (for kernel debugging),
.B full
-\- always returns ENOSPACE on write;
-.B ram
-\- ramdisk;
+which always returns ENOSPACE on write,
+.BR random " and " urandom
+random byte generators, and
.B tty
-\- to access the controlling tty of a process.
+to access the controlling tty of a process. The
+loopback disk devices
+.B loop0
+through
+.BR loop7
+are also created in the
+.B std
+group. These allow you to use a regular file as a
+block device. A filesystem image can be mounted,
+and used as though it were a filesystem on a partition or other
+block device.
+.B loop
+may also be used as a separate keyword to create the 8 loop devices. Finally, the
+.B ram
+group of memory devices is also created by the
+.B std
+keyword (see below).
+.SH MEMORY DEVICES
+.TP
+.B ram
+This is the keyword used to generate the ramdisk devices
+.BI ram {0..16}
+and the
+.B ram
+symlink. This group does not include
+.BR initrd .
+.TP
+.B initrd
+Ramdisk which has been pre-initialized by a bootloader.
+.B initrd
+is not created in the
+.B ram
+group; it must be specifically included
+in the command line if you want it to be created.
+.TP
+.IR cpu " or " microcode
+Creates the CPU microcode update interface in the
+.B cpu/
+folder, with devices
+.BR microcode ,
+and subfolders
+.BR {0..3}
+each containing devices
+.BR msr " and " cpuid .
+.TP
+.B rom
+Creates the
+.BI rom {0..7} " rrom" {0..7} " flaxh" {0..7}
+and
+.BI rflash {0..7}
+flash memory card devices.
+.BR rrom " and " rflash
+devices are read-only.
+.SH CONSOLE DEVICES
+.TP
+.B console
+This keyword creates virtual consoles;
+.BI tty {0..63}
+devices, the corresponding
+.B vcs
+and
+.B vcsa
+devices which are used to generate screen-dumps, and the
+.B console
+device itself plus appropriate symlinks.
+To create the console device alone, use
+.BR consoleonly .
+The device
+.B tty0
+is the currently active virtual console. The
+.B console
+device serves the same function.
+.SH PSEUDO TERMINALS
.TP
-.B local
-This simply runs
-.BR MAKEDEV.local .
-This is a script that can create any local devices.
+.B pty
+This keyword creates the Pseudo-TTY masters
+.BI pty {a..e,p..z}
+and corresponding
+.BI tty {a..e,p..z}
+devices, along with
+.BR ptmx .
+Each possible argument will create a bank of 16 master and slave pairs.
+The master pseudo-terminals are
+.BR pty{p..s}{0..9a..f} ,
+and the slaves are
+.BR tty{p..s}{0..9a..f} .
+.SH SERIAL DEVICES
.TP
-.B Virtual Terminals
+.I ttyS{0..63}
+Standard serial ports. There is no group keyword, you must
+specify these individually. However
+.BI ttyS{0..3}
+are created under the
+.B generic
+option for most architectures.
.TP
-.I console
-This creates the devices associated with the console. This is the virtual
-terminals
-.RI tty x ,
-where
-.I x
-can be from 0 though 63. The device tty0 is the currently active vt, and
-is also known as \fCconsole\fP. For each vt, there are two devices
-.RI vcs x
+.BR cyclades " or " ttyC
+Creates Cyclades ports
+.BI ttyC {0..31} \fR.
+.TP
+.BR digi " or " ttyD
+Creates Digiboard serial card ports
+.BI ttyD {0..15} \fR.
+.TP
+.BR stallion " or " ttyE
+Creates Stallion devices
+.BI ttyE {0..255}
+and
+.BI staliomem {0..3} \fR.
+.TP
+.BR computone " or " ttyF
+Creates CompuTone serial card ports
+.BI ttyH {0..255}
+and special devices
+.B ip2ipl{0,4,8,12}
and
-.RI vcsa x ,
-which are used to generate screen-dumps of the vt (the
-.BI vcs x
-is just the text,
+.BR ip2stat{1,5,9,13} \fR.
+.TP
+.BR chase " or " ttyH
+Creates Chase serial card ports
+.BI ttyH {0..15} \fR.
+.TP
+.BR isdnmodem " or " ttyI
+Creates isdn4linux virtual modem ports
+.BI ttyI {0..63} \fR.
+.TP
+.BR isdn-tty
+Also creates isdn4linux virtual modem ports
+.BI ttyI {0..7} \fR.
+.TP
+.B isdnbri
+Creates ISDN BRI driver devices
+.B isdn{0..63} isdnctrl{0..63} ippp{0..63}
and
-.BI vcsa x
-includes the attributes).
+.BR isdninfo .
.TP
-.B Serial Devices
+.B isdn-io
+Also creates ISDN BRI driver devices
+.B isdn{0..7} isdnctrl{0..7} ippp{0..7}
+and
+.BR isdninfo .
+The
+.B isdn-ippp
+keyword can be used separately to create only the
+.BI ippp {0..7}
+devices.
.TP
-.I ttyS{0..63}
-Serial ports and corresponding dialout device. For device
-.BI ttyS x ,
-there is also the device
-.BI cua x
-which is used to dial out with. This can avoid the need for cooperative
-locks in simple situations.
-.TP
-.I cyclades
-Dial-in and dial-out devices for the cyclades intelligent I/O serial card.
-The dial in device is
-.BI ttyC x
-and the corresponding dial-out device is
-.BI cub x
-By default devices for 7 lines are created, but this can be changed to
-15 by removing the comment.
-.TP
-.B Pseudo Terminals
-.TP
-.I pty[p-s]
-Each possible argument will create a bank of 16 master and slave
-pairs. The current kernel (1.2) is limited to 64 such pairs.
-The master pseudo-terminals are
-.BR pty[p-s][0-9a-f] ,
-and the slaves are
-.BR tty[p-s][0-9a-f] .
+.B ppp
+Creates a device independent PPP interface.
.TP
-.B Parallel Ports
+.B dcbri
+Creates Spellcaster DataComm/BRI ISDN card devices
+.BR dcbri{0..3} .
.TP
-.I lp
-Standard parallel ports. The devices are created
+.BR riscom " or " ttyL
+Creates Riscom serial card ports
+.BI ttyL {0..15} \fR.
+.TP
+.BR PAM " or " ttyM
+Creates PAM multimodem (or ISI serial card) ports
+.BI ttyM {0..15} \fR.
+.TP
+.BR ESP " or " ttyP
+Creates ESP ports
+.BI ttyP {0..4} \fR.
+.TP
+.BR rocketport " or " ttyR
+Creates Rocketport devices
+.BI ttyR {0..63} \fR.
+.TP
+.BR ttyV
+Creates Comtrol VS-1000 serial controller ports
+.BI ttyV {0..15} \fR.
+.TP
+.BR specialixIO8 " or " ttyW
+Creates Specialix IO8+ ports
+.BI ttyW {0..15} \fR.
+.TP
+.BR specialix " or " ttyX
+Creates Specialix ports
+.BI ttyX {0..15} \fR.
+.TP
+.BI i2c
+Creates
+.BI i2c {0..7}
+devices for the I2C bus interface.
+.TP
+.BI tlk
+Philips SAA5249 Teletext signal decoder {2.6} ports
+.BI tlk {0..3} \fR.
+.SH PARALLEL PORTS
+.TP
+.IR lp
+Creates the standard parallel ports
.BR lp0 ,
.BR lp1 ,
and
-.BR lp2 .
+.BR lp2
+normally used for printers.
These correspond to ports at 0x3bc, 0x378 and 0x278.
Hence, on some machines, the first printer port may actually be
.BR lp1 .
.I par
Alternative to
.IR lp .
-Ports are named
-.BI par x
+The same ports are created, but are named
+.BI par {0..2}
instead of
-.BI lp x .
+.BI lp {0..2} \fR.
+.TP
+.I parport
+Creates raw parallel ports
+.BR parport0 ,
+.BR parport1 ,
+and
+.BR parport2 .
+.TP
+.B slm
+Creates the Atari SLM ACSI laser printer (68k/Atari) ports
+.BI slm {0..3} \fR.
+.TP
+.B pg
+Parallel port generic ATAPI interface (devices
+.BI pg {0..3} \fR.
.TP
-.B Bus Mice
+.B paride
+Parallel port IDE disk devices
+.BI pd {a..d}
+with 15 partitions on each. Also creates
+.BR pcd{0..3} " and " pf{0..3} .
+.SH OTHER BUS PORTS
+.TP
+.BR netlink " or " tap
+Creates NetLink devices
+.B route skip fwmonitor
+and
+.BI tap {0..15}
+Ethertap devices.
+The
+.BI tap x
+virtual ethernet device was designed as low level kernel support for
+Ethernet tunneling. Userland application can write Ethernet frame to
+.BI /dev/tapX
+and the kernel will receive this frame from tapX interface.
+Every frame the kernel writes to a
+.BI tapX
+interface can be read by a userland application from the corresponding
+.BI /dev/tapX
+device.
+.TP
+.B enskip
+ENskip kernel encryption package.
+.TP
+.B qng
+ComScire Quantum Noise Generator.
+.TP
+.B ipsec
+The Free S/WAN implementation of IPSEC.
+.TP
+.B adb
+On powerpc, creates
+.B adb
+for the Apple Data Bus and
+.BR adbmouse .
+On m68k,
+.B adb
+creates the ACSI disk device
+.B adb
+and partitions
+.B adb1
+through
+.BR adb15 .
+.TP
+.B hamradio
+Creates the
+.BI scc {0..7}
+and
+.BI bc {0..3}
+device groups.
+.TP
+.B comx
+Creates COMX devices
+.BI comx {0..4} \fR.
+.TP
+.B irda
+Creates IrCOMM devices (IrDA serial/parallel emulation)
+.B ircomm0 ircomm1 irlpt0
+and
+.BR irlpt1 .
+.TP
+.B comedi
+Control and Measurement devices
+.BI comedi {0..3} \fR.
+.SH MOUSE DEVICES
.TP
.I busmice
-The various bus mice devices. This creates the following devices:
-.B logimouse
+This keyword creates the following devices:
+.B logibm
(Logitech bus mouse),
-.B psmouse
+.B psaux
(PS/2-style mouse),
-.B msmouse
+.B inportbm
(Microsoft Inport bus mouse) and
-.B atimouse
+.B atibm
(ATI XL bus mouse) and
-.B jmouse
+.B jbm
(J-mouse).
.TP
-.B Joystick Devices
+.I m68k-mice
+Creates mouse devices for the m68k architecture, including:
+.BR amigamouse ,
+.BR amigamouse1 ,
+.B atarimouse
+and
+.BR adbmouse .
+.TP
+.I input
+On powerpc, this keyword creates the
+.I input
+folder which groups input devices
+.BR mice ,
+.BI mouse {0..3} \fR,
+.BI event {0..3} \fR,
+and
+.BI js {0..3}
+(joystick), and creates these devices inside.
+.SH JOYSTICK DEVICES
.TP
.I js
Joystick. Creates
and
.BR js1 .
.TP
-.B Disk Devices
+.I djs
+Digital joystick. Creates
+.B djs0
+and
+.BR djs1 .
+.SH USB DEVICES
.TP
-.I fd[0-7]
+.B usb
+USB is a general purpose I/O bus which can serve many purposes. The
+.B usb
+keyword creates a
+.B usb
+folder, and devices in the folder:
+.BI lp {0..15}
+(printer),
+.BI mouse {0..15}
+(USB connected mice),
+.BI ez {0..15}
+(firmware loaders)
+.BI scanner {0..15}
+(scanner interfaces),
+.BI ttyACM {0..15}
+and
+.BI ttyUSB {0..15}
+(dialout devices),
+and
+.B rio500
+the Diamond Rio 500 device.
+.SH DISK DEVICES
+.TP
+.BI fd {0..7}
Floppy disk devices. The device
.BI fd x
-is the device which autodetects the format, and the additional devices are
+is the device which autodetects the format,
+and the additional devices are
fixed format (whose size is indicated in the name).
The other devices are named as
-.BI fd xLn .
-The single letter
-.I L
-identifies the type of floppy disk (d = 5.25" DD, h = 5.25" HD, D = 3.5"
-DD, H = 3.5" HD, E = 3.5" ED). The number
+.BI fd x{dqhu}n .
+The single letter
+.RI ( d ,
+.IR q ,
+.IR h or
+.IR u )
+signifies the type of drive: 5.25" Double Density (d),
+5.25" Quad Density (q), 5.25" High Density (h) or 3.5"
+(any model, u). The number
.I n
-represents the capacity of that format in K. Thus the standard formats
-are
+represents the capacity of that format in K.
+Thus the standard formats are
.BI fd x d360 ,
.BI fd x h1200 ,
-.BI fd x D720 ,
-.BI fd x H1440 ,
+.BI fd x 720 ,
+.BI fd x 1440 ,
and
-.RI fd x E2880 .
+.BI fd x 2880 .
.IP
For more information see Alain Knaff's fdutils package.
.IP
.BI fd7 *
are floppy disks on the second controller.
.TP
-.I hd[a-d]
-AT hard disks. The device
+.BI fd {0..7} -bare
+Creates just the autodetecting floppy device specified, without the fixed
+format devices.
+.TP
+.BI hd {a..l}
+AT (ide) hard disks. The device
.BI hd x
provides access to the whole disk, with the partitions being
-.BI hd x [0-20].
-The four primary partitions are
+.BI hd x {1..63}.
+For i386, the four primary partitions are
.BI hd x 1
through
.BI hd x 4,
.BI hd x 5
though
.BI hd x 20.
-(A primary partition can be made into an extended partition, which can hold
-4 logical partitions).
-By default, only the devices for 4 logical partitions are made. The
-others can be made by uncommenting them.
+(A primary partition can be made into an extended partition, which can
+hold 4 logical partitions). Other architectures may not differentiate
+partition types. By default, devices for 20 logical partitions are
+made. The kernel supports up to 63 partitions per device.
.IP
-Drives hda and hdb are the two on the first controller. If using the new
-IDE driver (rather than the old HD driver), then hdc and hdd are the two
+Drives
+.B hda
+and
+.B hdb
+are the two on the primary controller
+.B hdc
+and
+.B hdd
+are the two
drives on the secondary controller. These devices can also be used to
-acess IDE CDROMs if using the new IDE driver.
+access IDE CDROMs. Additional devices
+.BI hd {e..l}
+can be created.
.TP
-.I xd[a-d]
-XT hard disks. Partitions are the same as IDE disks.
+.BI xd {a..d}
+XT hard disks. Partitions are the same as IDE disks, except only 8
+partitions are created.
.TP
-.I sd[a-h]
+.BI sd {a..h}
SCSI hard disks. The partitions are similar to the IDE disks, but there
is a limit of 11 logical partitions
-.RI (sd x 5
+.BI sd x 5
through
-.RI sd x 15).
-This is to allow there to be 8 SCSI disks.
+.BI sd x 15,
+to allow there to be 8 SCSI disks on a system
+(addresses 0 through 7).
.TP
-.I loop
-Loopback disk devices. These allow you to use a regular file as a
-block device. This means that images of filesystems can be mounted,
-and used as normal. This creates 8 devices loop0 through loop7.
+.BI sd {i..z}
+and
+.BI sd {a..d}{a..z}
+The kernel (and MAKEDEV) can handle up to 128 SCSI disks (up to
+.BR sddx ).
+15 partition devices are created for each.
+.TP
+.B eda edb
+MCA ESDI hard disk. Partitions are handled the same as hd.
+.TP
+.BI dasd {a..z}
+Direct Access Storage Devices for the s390 architecture. Currently
+only one device partition is created (for example,
+.BR dasda1 ).
+.TP
+.BI ada {a..p}
+ACSI disk (68k/Atari). 15 partitions are created for each.
+.TP
+.BI dac960. {0..7}
+Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller. For this device, an
+.B rd
+directory is created. 32 logical devices
+.BI c x d {0..31}
+are created for each unit
+.I x
+specified, each with 7 partitions
+.BI c x d {0..31} p {1..7} \fR.
+The
+.B dac960
+keyword will create all 7 units at once.
.TP
-.B Tape Devices
+.BI dpti
+Adaptec I2O RAID and DPT SmartRAID V I2O controllers. Creates
+7 devices for handling up to 7 controllers.
.TP
-.I st[0-7]
-SCSI tapes. This creates the rewinding tape device
+.BI ataraid. {0..7}
+Obsolete, device not in current devices.txt. For this device, an
+.B ataraid
+directory is created.
+.BI d x
+is created for each unit
+.I x
+specified, and 15 partitions
+.BI d x p {1..15} \fR.
+The
+.B ataraid
+keyword will create all 7 units at once.
+.TP
+.BI i2o.hd{a..d}{a..z}
+I2O based harddisk drives. Device nodes are located in the
+.B i2o
+directory. The filename is followed by a number that specifies the partition on
+each disk. The numbers are handled the same as hd.
+.TP
+.BI ida. {0..7}
+Compaq Intelligent Drive Array. For this device, an
+.B ida
+directory is created. 16 logical devices
+.BI c x d {0..15}
+are created for each unit
+.I x
+specified, each with 15 partitions
+.BI c x d {0..15} p {1..15} \fR.
+The
+.B ida
+keyword will create the first three units.
+.TP
+.BI cciss. {0..7}
+Compaq Next Generation Drive Array. For this device, a
+.B cciss
+directory is created. 16 logical devices
+.BI c x d {0..15}
+are created for each unit
+.I x
+specified, each with 15 partitions
+.BI c x d {0..15} p {1..15} \fR.
+The
+.B cciss
+keyword will create the first three units.
+.TP
+.BI md
+Creates Metadisk (RAID) disk array with 16 devices.
+.SH TAPE DEVICES
+.TP
+.I st{0..7}
+SCSI tape devices. This creates the rewinding tape device
.BI st x
and the non-rewinding tape device
-.BI nst x .
+.BI nst x ,
+for each of modes 0 through 3.
.TP
.I qic
-QIC-80 tapes. The devices created are
+QIC-11, -24, -120, and -150 tapes. The devices created are
+.B ntpqic11 tpqic11 ntpqic24 tpqic24 ntpqic120 tpqic120 ntpqic150
+and
+.B tpqic150
+tape devices, along with
.BR rmt8 ,
.BR rmt16 ,
.BR tape-d ,
and
.BR tape-reset .
.TP
-.I ftape
+.I ftape
Floppy driver tapes (QIC-117). There are 4 methods of access depending on
the floppy tape drive. For each of access methods 0, 1, 2 and 3, the
devices
-.BI rft x
+.BI qft x
+.BI zqft x
+and
+.BI rawqftx
(rewinding) and
-.BI nrft x
-(non-rewinding) are created. For compatability, devices
+.BI nqft x
+.BI nzqft x
+.BI nrawqdt x
+(non-rewinding) are created. For compatibility, devices
.B ftape
and
.B nftape
are symlinks to
-.B rft0
+.B qft0
and
-.B nrft0
+.B nqft0
respectively.
.TP
-.B CDROM Devices
+.B ht0
+Creates IDE tape devices
+.B ht0
+and
+.BR nht0 .
+.TP
+.BI pt {0..3}
+Creates parallel port ATAPI tape devices
+.B pt{0..3}
+and
+.BR npt{0..3} .
+.SH CDROM DEVICES
+.TP
+.BR sr " or " scd " or " scd-all
+Creates
+.BI scd {0..16}
+SCSI CD players and
+.BI sr {0..16}
+symlinks for these devices.
+.B cdrom
+is a symlink which can be created by the user to the active CD device.
+It is not created by
+.BR MAKEDEV .
+.TP
+.B pktcdvd
+Provides packet writing devices
+.BI pktcdvd {0..3}
+for CD/DVD.
.TP
-.I scd[0-7]
-SCSI CD players.
+.I pcd{0..3}
+Parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM devices
.TP
-.I sonycd
-Sony CDU-31A CD player.
+.I sonycd
+Sony CDU-31a CD-ROM
.TP
-.I mcd
-Mitsumi CD player.
+.I mcd
+Mitsumi CD-ROM
+.TP
+.I mcdx
+Obsolete, device not in current devices.txt.
.TP
.I cdu535
-Sony CDU-535 CD player.
+Sony CDU-535 CD-ROM
+.TP
+.IR lmscd
+Philips LMS CM-205 CD-ROM. The newer name for this device is
+.IR cm205 ,
+but MAKEDEV creates only lmscd at this time.
+.TP
+.I cm206cd
+Philips LMS CM-206 CD-ROM
+.TP
+.I bpcd
+MicroSolutions BackPack parallel port CD-ROM (Obsolete - use pcd)
+.TP
+.I sbpcd{0..15}
+Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM. Units {0..3} are created with the keyword
+.BR sbpcd .
.TP
-.I lmscd
-LMS/Philips CD player.
+.I aztcd
+Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes CD-ROM
.TP
-.I sbpcd{,1,2,3}
-Sound Blaster CD player. The kernel is capable of supporting 16 CDROMs,
-each of which is accessed as
-.BR sbpcd[0-9a-f] .
-These are assigned in groups of 4 to each controller.
-.B sbpcd
-is a symlink to
-.BR sbpcd0 .
-.\" .TP
-.\" .I idecd
-.\" NEC CDR-260 (note: this will probably be obsoleted by the new IDE driver).
+.I gscd
+GoldStar CD-ROM
.TP
-.B Scanner
+.I optcd
+Optics Storage CD-ROM
+.TP
+.I sjcd
+Sanyo CD-ROM
+.TP
+.I hitcd
+Hitachi CD-ROM
+.SH SCANNERS
.TP
.I logiscan
Logitech ScanMan32 & ScanMan 256.
.TP
.I ac4096
A4Tek Color Handscanner.
-.TP
-.B Audio
+.SH AUDIO DEVICES
.TP
.I audio
This creates the audio devices used by the sound driver. These include
-.BR mixer ,
-.BR sequencer ,
-.BR dsp ,
+.B mixer mixer{1..3}
+(Mixer controls),
+.B sequencer
+(Audio sequencer),
+.B dsp dsp{1..3}
+(Digital audio),
+.B sndstat
+(Sound card status information),
+.B audioctl
+(SPARC audio control device)
and
-.BR audio .
+.B audio audio{1..3}
+(Sun-compatible digital audio). MIDI devices are
+.B midi00
+through
+.BR midi03 ,
+.BI midi {0..3} \fR,
+.BI rmidi {0..3} \fR,
+.BI smpte {0..3} \fR.
+In addition, devices
+.B mpu401data
+and
+.B mpu401stat
+are created.
.TP
.I pcaudio
Devices for the PC Speaker sound driver. These are
-.BR pcmixer .
+.BR pcmixer ,
.BR pxsp ,
and
.BR pcaudio .
+.SH VIDEO DEVICES
+.TP
+.B fb
+Creates framebuffer devices
+.BI fb {0..7} \fR,
+.BI fb {0..7} current \fR,
+.BI fb {0..7} autodetect \fR.
.TP
-.B Miscellaneous
+.B fb{0..7}
+If the framebuffer number
+.I x
+is specifed, a group of
+.BI fb x user {0..7}
+devices is created.
.TP
-.I sg
+.B 3dfx
+is the 3Dfx Voodoo Graphics device.
+.TP
+.B agpgart
+AGP Graphics Address Remapping Table
+.TP
+.I "video video4linux v4l radio"
+Each of these keywords produces the same result:
+Video capture/overlay devices
+.BI video {0..63} \fR,
+Radio devices
+.BI radio {0..63} \fR,
+Teletext devices
+.BI vtx {0..31} \fR,
+and Vertical blank interrupt devices
+.BI vbi {0..31} \fR.
+In addition, the
+.BR winradio0 " and " winradio1 " devices,"
+and
+.BR vtx " and " vttuner " devices,"
+and symlinks
+.BR "radio video" " and " vbi
+are created.
+.TP
+.BI srnd
+miroMEDIA Surround board devices
+.BR srnd0 " and " srnd1 .
+.TP
+.B fgrab
+Matrox Meteor frame grabber {2.6}. Creates
+.BR mmetfgrab ,
+.BR wvisfgrab ,
+.BR iscc0 ,
+.BR iscc1 ,
+.BR isccctl0 ,
+.BR isccctl1 ,
+.BR dcxx0 ,
+and
+.BR dcxx1 .
+.SH MISCELLANEOUS DEVICES
+.TP
+.IR sg " or " sg-all
Generic SCSI devices. The devices created are
-.B sg0 through
-.BR sg7 .
-These
-allow arbitary commands to be sent to any SCSI device. This allows for
-querying information about the device, or controlling SCSI devices that
-are not one of disk, tape or CDROM (e.g. scanner, writeable CDROM).
+.B sg0
+through
+.BR sg16 .
+These allow arbitary commands to be sent to any SCSI device, to query
+information or control SCSI devices that are not disk, tape or CDROM
+(for example, scanner or writeable CDROM).
.TP
.I fd
To allow an arbitary program to be fed input from file descriptor
use
.BI /dev/fd/ x
as the file name. This also creates
-BR /dev/stdin ,
-BR /dev/stdout ,
+.BR /dev/stdin ,
+.BR /dev/stdout ,
and
-BR /dev/stderr .
+.BR /dev/stderr .
(Note, these are just symlinks into /proc/self/fd).
.TP
.I ibcs2
-Devices (and symlinks) needed by the IBCS2 emulation.
+Devices
+.B socksys spx
+(and symlinks
+.BR "nfsd XOR" )
+needed by the IBCS2 emulation.
.TP
.I apm
-Devices for power management.
+.B apm_bios
+Advanced Power Management BIOS device.
.TP
.I dcf
Driver for DCF-77 radio clock.
.I helloworld
Kernel modules demonstration device. See the modules source.
.TP
+.BR xfs " or " arla
+Arla XFS network file system.
+.TP
+.B capi
+CAPI 2.0 interface ports
+.BI capi20 {01..20} \fR.
+.TP
+.B ubd
+User-mode block devices
+.BI ubd {0..255} \fR.
+.TP
+.BI nb {0..7}
+Network block devices.
+.TP
+.B raw
+Creates the raw block device interface
+.B raw
+device, the
+.B rawctl
+symlink, and
+.BI raw {1..8} \fR.
+.TP
+.B raw1394
+IEEE 1394 (Firewire).
+.TP
+.B misc
+This keyword creates all the following devices. You may find the
+device explanations in other categories in this man page, many
+under OTHER DEVICES below.
+.BR logibm ,
+.BR psaux ,
+.BR inportbm ,
+.BR atibm ,
+.BR jbm ,
+.BR amigamouse ,
+.BR atarimouse ,
+.BR sunmouse ,
+.BR amigamouse1 ,
+.BR smouse ,
+.BR pc110pad ,
+.BR adbmouse ,
+.BR beep ,
+.BR modreq ,
+.BR watchdog ,
+.BR temperature ,
+.BR hwtrap ,
+.BR exttrp ,
+.BR apm_bios ,
+.BR rtc ,
+.BR openprom ,
+.BR relay8 ,
+.BR relay16 ,
+.BR msr ,
+.BR pciconf ,
+.BR nvram ,
+.BR hfmodem ,
+.BR led ,
+.BR mergemem ,
+.BR pmu .
+.TP
.B "Network Devices"
Linux used to have devices in /dev for controlling network devices, but
that is no longer the case. To see what network devices are known by the
kernel, look at /proc/net/dev.
+.SH OTHER DEVICES
+.TP
+Many of these devices are architecture-specific.
+.TP
+.I scc
+Z8530 HDLC driver (HAM radio)
+.TP
+.I bc
+Baycom radio modem (HAM radio)
+.TP
+.IR cfs0 " or " cfs " or " coda
+Coda network file system
+.TP
+.I sunmouse
+Sun mouse
+.TP
+.I smouse
+Simple serial mouse driver
+.TP
+.I pc110pad
+IBM PC-110 digitizer pad
+.TP
+.I vrtpanel
+Vr41xx embedded touch panel
+.TP
+.I vpcmouse
+Connectix Virtual PC Mouse
+.TP
+.I beep
+Fancy beep device
+.TP
+.I modreq
+Kernel module load request {2.6}
+.TP
+.I watchdog
+Watchdog timer port
+.TP
+.I temperature
+Machine internal temperature
+.TP
+.I hwtrap
+Hardware fault trap
+.TP
+.I exttrp
+External device trap
+.TP
+.I rtc
+Real Time Clock
+.TP
+.I efirtc
+Real Time Clock
+.TP
+.I openprom
+SPARC OpenBoot PROM
+.TP
+.I relay8
+Berkshire Products Octal relay card
+.TP
+.I relay16
+Berkshire Products ISO-16 relay card
+.TP
+.I msr
+x86 model-specific registers {2.6}
+.TP
+.I pciconf
+PCI configuration space
+.TP
+.I nvram
+Non-volatile configuration RAM
+.TP
+.I hfmodem
+Soundcard shortwave modem control {2.6}
+.TP
+.I graphics
+Linux/SGI graphics device
+.TP
+.I opengl
+Linux/SGI OpenGL pipe
+.TP
+.I gfx
+Linux/SGI graphics effects device
+.TP
+.I lcd
+Front panel LCD display
+.TP
+.I led
+Front panel LEDs
+.TP
+.I mergemem
+Memory merge device
+.TP
+.I pmu
+Macintosh PowerBook power manager
+.TP
+.I isictl
+MultiTech ISICom serial control
+.TP
+.I ac
+Applicom Intl Profibus card
+.TP
+.I nwbutton
+Netwinder external button
+.TP
+.I nwdebug
+Netwinder debug interface
+.TP
+.I nwflash
+Netwinder flash memory
+.TP
+.I userdma
+User-space DMA access
+.TP
+.I smbus
+System Management Bus
+.TP
+.I lik
+Logitech Internet Keyboard
+.TP
+.I ipmo
+Intel Intelligent Platform Management
+.TP
+.I vmmon
+VMWare virtual machine monitor
+.TP
+.I tcldrv
+Technology Concepts serial control
+.TP
+.I specialix_sxctl
+Specialix serial control
+.TP
+.I specialix_rioctl
+Specialix RIO serial control
+.TP
+.IR smapi " or " thinkpad
+IBM Thinkpad
+.B smapi
+device, and a symlink
+.BR thinkpad .
+.TP
+.I srripc
+QNX4 API IPC manager
+.TP
+.I usemaclone
+Semaphore clone device
+.TP
+.IR ipmi " or " ipmikcs
+Intelligent Platform Management
+.TP
+.I uctrl
+SPARCbook 3 microcontroller
+.TP
+.I gtrsc
+Gorgy Timing radio clock
+.TP
+.I cbm
+Serial CBM bus
+.TP
+.I jsflash
+JavaStation OS flash SIMM
+.TP
+.I xsvc
+High-speed shared-mem/semaphore service
+.TP
+.I vrbuttons
+Vr41xx button input device
+.TP
+.I toshiba
+Toshiba laptop SMM support
+.TP
+.I perfctr
+Performance-monitoring counters
+.TP
+.I intel_rng
+Intel i8x0 random number generator
+.TP
+.I atomicps
+Atomic shapshot of process state data
+.TP
+.I irnet
+IrNET device
+.TP
+.I smbusbios
+SMBus BIOS
+.TP
+.I ussp_ctl
+User space serial port control
+.TP
+.I crash
+Mission Critical Linux crash dump facility
+.TP
+.I nas_xbus
+NAS xbus LCD/buttons access
+.TP
+.I d7s
+SPARC 7-segment display
+.TP
+.I zkshim
+Zero-Knowledge network shim control
+.TP
+.I sexec
+Signed executable interface
+.TP
+.I kchuid
+Inter-process chuid control
+.TP
+.I mptctl
+Message passing technology (MPT) control
+.TP
+.I button/gulpb
+Transmeta GULP-B buttons
+.TP
+.I compaq/cpqphpc
+Compaq PCI Hot Plug Controller
+.TP
+.I compaq/cpqrid
+Compaq Remote InsightDriver
+.TP
+.I elographics/e2201
+Elographics touchscreen E271-2201
+.TP
+.I fujitsu/apanel
+Fujitsu/Siemens application panel
+.TP
+.I i2o/ctl
+I2O configuration manager
+.TP
+.I impi/bt
+IMPI coprocessor block transfer
+.TP
+.I impi/smic
+IMPI coprocessor stream interface
+.TP
+.I input/mouse
+Linux/SGI Irix emulation mouse
+.TP
+.I input/keyboard
+Linux/SGI Irix emulation keyboard
+.TP
+.I modems/mwave
+MWave modem firmware upload
+.TP
+.I mvista/hssdsi
+Montavista PICMG hot swap system driver
+.TP
+.I mvista/hasi
+Montavista PICMG high availability
+.TP
+.I net/tun
+TAP/TUN network device
+.TP
+.I ni/natmotn
+National Instruments Motion
+.TP
+.I scanners/cuecat
+:CueCat barcode scanner
+.TP
+.I touchscreen/ucb1x00
+UCB 1x00 touchscreen
+.TP
+.I touchscreen/mk712
+MK712 touchscreen
+.TP
+.I video/em8300
+EM8300 DVD decoder control
+.TP
+.I video/em8300_mv
+EM8300 DVD decoder video
+.TP
+.I video/em8300_ma
+EM8300 DVD decoder audio
+.TP
+.I video/em8300_sp
+EM8300 DVD decoder subpicture
+.TP
+.I watchdogs/{0..3}
+Watchdog devices 0 through 3
+
.SH "SEE ALSO"
Linux Allocated Devices, maintained by H.\ Peter Anvin,
-<Peter.Anvin@linux.org>.
+<Peter.Anvin@linux.org>, and devices.txt in the Linux
+kernel source.
.SH AUTHOR
-Nick Holloway, <Nick.Hollowa
\ No newline at end of file
+Nick Holloway, rewritten and updated by Chris Tillman
+
projects / debian / makedev / blobdiff