+++ /dev/null
-This is gzip.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.2 from gzip.texi.
-
-This manual is for Gzip (version 1.3.5, 29 September 2002), and
-documents commands for compressing and decompressing data.
-
- Copyright (C) 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
- Copyright (C) 1992, 1993 Jean-loup Gailly
-
- Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
- document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
- Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
- Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts
- being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
- below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
- "GNU Free Documentation License."
-
- (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have freedom to copy and
- modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by
- the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development."
-
-INFO-DIR-SECTION Individual utilities
-START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
-* gzip: (gzip)Invoking gzip. Compress files.
-END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
-
-INFO-DIR-SECTION Utilities
-START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
-* Gzip: (gzip). The gzip command for compressing files.
-END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
-
-\1f
-File: gzip.info, Node: Top, Up: (dir)
-
-Compressing Files
-*****************
-
-This manual is for Gzip (version 1.3.5, 29 September 2002), and
-documents commands for compressing and decompressing data.
-
- Copyright (C) 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
- Copyright (C) 1992, 1993 Jean-loup Gailly
-
- Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
- document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
- Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
- Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts
- being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
- below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
- "GNU Free Documentation License."
-
- (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have freedom to copy and
- modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by
- the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development."
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Overview:: Preliminary information.
-* Sample:: Sample output from `gzip'.
-* Invoking gzip:: How to run `gzip'.
-* Advanced usage:: Concatenated files.
-* Environment:: The `GZIP' environment variable
-* Tapes:: Using `gzip' on tapes.
-* Problems:: Reporting bugs.
-* Copying This Manual:: How to make copies of this manual.
-* Concept Index:: Index of concepts.
-
-\1f
-File: gzip.info, Node: Overview, Next: Sample, Up: Top
-
-Overview
-********
-
- `gzip' reduces the size of the named files using Lempel-Ziv coding
-(LZ77). Whenever possible, each file is replaced by one with the
-extension `.gz', while keeping the same ownership modes, access and
-modification times. (The default extension is `-gz' for VMS, `z' for
-MSDOS, OS/2 FAT and Atari.) If no files are specified or if a file
-name is "-", the standard input is compressed to the standard output.
-`gzip' will only attempt to compress regular files. In particular, it
-will ignore symbolic links.
-
- If the new file name is too long for its file system, `gzip'
-truncates it. `gzip' attempts to truncate only the parts of the file
-name longer than 3 characters. (A part is delimited by dots.) If the
-name consists of small parts only, the longest parts are truncated.
-For example, if file names are limited to 14 characters, gzip.msdos.exe
-is compressed to gzi.msd.exe.gz. Names are not truncated on systems
-which do not have a limit on file name length.
-
- By default, `gzip' keeps the original file name and timestamp in the
-compressed file. These are used when decompressing the file with the
-`-N' option. This is useful when the compressed file name was truncated
-or when the time stamp was not preserved after a file transfer.
-
- Compressed files can be restored to their original form using `gzip
--d' or `gunzip' or `zcat'. If the original name saved in the
-compressed file is not suitable for its file system, a new name is
-constructed from the original one to make it legal.
-
- `gunzip' takes a list of files on its command line and replaces each
-file whose name ends with `.gz', `.z', `.Z', `-gz', `-z' or `_z' and
-which begins with the correct magic number with an uncompressed file
-without the original extension. `gunzip' also recognizes the special
-extensions `.tgz' and `.taz' as shorthands for `.tar.gz' and `.tar.Z'
-respectively. When compressing, `gzip' uses the `.tgz' extension if
-necessary instead of truncating a file with a `.tar' extension.
-
- `gunzip' can currently decompress files created by `gzip', `zip',
-`compress' or `pack'. The detection of the input format is automatic.
-When using the first two formats, `gunzip' checks a 32 bit CRC (cyclic
-redundancy check). For `pack', `gunzip' checks the uncompressed length.
-The `compress' format was not designed to allow consistency checks.
-However `gunzip' is sometimes able to detect a bad `.Z' file. If you
-get an error when uncompressing a `.Z' file, do not assume that the
-`.Z' file is correct simply because the standard `uncompress' does not
-complain. This generally means that the standard `uncompress' does not
-check its input, and happily generates garbage output. The SCO
-`compress -H' format (`lzh' compression method) does not include a CRC
-but also allows some consistency checks.
-
- Files created by `zip' can be uncompressed by `gzip' only if they
-have a single member compressed with the 'deflation' method. This
-feature is only intended to help conversion of `tar.zip' files to the
-`tar.gz' format. To extract a `zip' file with a single member, use a
-command like `gunzip <foo.zip' or `gunzip -S .zip foo.zip'. To extract
-`zip' files with several members, use `unzip' instead of `gunzip'.
-
- `zcat' is identical to `gunzip -c'. `zcat' uncompresses either a
-list of files on the command line or its standard input and writes the
-uncompressed data on standard output. `zcat' will uncompress files
-that have the correct magic number whether they have a `.gz' suffix or
-not.
-
- `gzip' uses the Lempel-Ziv algorithm used in `zip' and PKZIP. The
-amount of compression obtained depends on the size of the input and the
-distribution of common substrings. Typically, text such as source code
-or English is reduced by 60-70%. Compression is generally much better
-than that achieved by LZW (as used in `compress'), Huffman coding (as
-used in `pack'), or adaptive Huffman coding (`compact').
-
- Compression is always performed, even if the compressed file is
-slightly larger than the original. The worst case expansion is a few
-bytes for the `gzip' file header, plus 5 bytes every 32K block, or an
-expansion ratio of 0.015% for large files. Note that the actual number
-of used disk blocks almost never increases. `gzip' preserves the mode,
-ownership and timestamps of files when compressing or decompressing.
-
- The `gzip' file format is specified in P. Deutsch, GZIP file format
-specification version 4.3, Internet RFC 1952
-(ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1952.txt) (May 1996). The `zip'
-deflation format is specified in P. Deutsch, DEFLATE Compressed Data
-Format Specification version 1.3, Internet RFC 1951
-(ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1951.txt) (May 1996).
-
-\1f
-File: gzip.info, Node: Sample, Next: Invoking gzip, Prev: Overview, Up: Top
-
-Sample Output
-*************
-
- Here are some realistic examples of running `gzip'.
-
- This is the output of the command `gzip -h':
-
- gzip 1.3
- (1999-12-21)
- usage: gzip [-cdfhlLnNrtvV19] [-S suffix] [file ...]
- -c --stdout write on standard output, keep original files unchanged
- -d --decompress decompress
- -f --force force overwrite of output file and compress links
- -h --help give this help
- -l --list list compressed file contents
- -L --license display software license
- -n --no-name do not save or restore the original name and time stamp
- -N --name save or restore the original name and time stamp
- -q --quiet suppress all warnings
- -r --recursive operate recursively on directories
- -S .suf --suffix .suf use suffix .suf on compressed files
- -t --test test compressed file integrity
- -v --verbose verbose mode
- -V --version display version number
- -1 --fast compress faster
- -9 --best compress better
- file... files to (de)compress. If none given, use standard input.
- Report bugs to <bug-gzip@gnu.org>.
-
- This is the output of the command `gzip -v texinfo.tex':
-
- texinfo.tex: 69.7% -- replaced with texinfo.tex.gz
-
- The following command will find all `gzip' files in the current
-directory and subdirectories, and extract them in place without
-destroying the original:
-
- find . -name '*.gz' -print | sed 's/^\(.*\)[.]gz$/gunzip < "&" > "\1"/' | sh
-
-\1f
-File: gzip.info, Node: Invoking gzip, Next: Advanced usage, Prev: Sample, Up: Top
-
-Invoking `gzip'
-***************
-
- The format for running the `gzip' program is:
-
- gzip OPTION ...
-
- `gzip' supports the following options:
-
-`--stdout'
-`--to-stdout'
-`-c'
- Write output on standard output; keep original files unchanged.
- If there are several input files, the output consists of a
- sequence of independently compressed members. To obtain better
- compression, concatenate all input files before compressing them.
-
-`--decompress'
-`--uncompress'
-`-d'
- Decompress.
-
-`--force'
-`-f'
- Force compression or decompression even if the file has multiple
- links or the corresponding file already exists, or if the
- compressed data is read from or written to a terminal. If the
- input data is not in a format recognized by `gzip', and if the
- option `--stdout' is also given, copy the input data without
- change to the standard output: let `zcat' behave as `cat'. If `-f'
- is not given, and when not running in the background, `gzip'
- prompts to verify whether an existing file should be overwritten.
-
-`--help'
-`-h'
- Print an informative help message describing the options then quit.
-
-`--list'
-`-l'
- For each compressed file, list the following fields:
-
- compressed size: size of the compressed file
- uncompressed size: size of the uncompressed file
- ratio: compression ratio (0.0% if unknown)
- uncompressed_name: name of the uncompressed file
-
- The uncompressed size is given as `-1' for files not in `gzip'
- format, such as compressed `.Z' files. To get the uncompressed
- size for such a file, you can use:
-
- zcat file.Z | wc -c
-
- In combination with the `--verbose' option, the following fields
- are also displayed:
-
- method: compression method (deflate,compress,lzh,pack)
- crc: the 32-bit CRC of the uncompressed data
- date & time: time stamp for the uncompressed file
-
- The crc is given as ffffffff for a file not in gzip format.
-
- With `--verbose', the size totals and compression ratio for all
- files is also displayed, unless some sizes are unknown. With
- `--quiet', the title and totals lines are not displayed.
-
- The `gzip' format represents the the input size modulo 2^32, so
- the uncompressed size and compression ratio are listed incorrectly
- for uncompressed files 4 GB and larger. To work around this
- problem, you can use the following command to discover a large
- uncompressed file's true size:
-
- zcat file.gz | wc -c
-
-`--license'
-`-L'
- Display the `gzip' license then quit.
-
-`--no-name'
-`-n'
- When compressing, do not save the original file name and time
- stamp by default. (The original name is always saved if the name
- had to be truncated.) When decompressing, do not restore the
- original file name if present (remove only the `gzip' suffix from
- the compressed file name) and do not restore the original time
- stamp if present (copy it from the compressed file). This option
- is the default when decompressing.
-
-`--name'
-`-N'
- When compressing, always save the original file name and time
- stamp; this is the default. When decompressing, restore the
- original file name and time stamp if present. This option is
- useful on systems which have a limit on file name length or when
- the time stamp has been lost after a file transfer.
-
-`--quiet'
-`-q'
- Suppress all warning messages.
-
-`--recursive'
-`-r'
- Travel the directory structure recursively. If any of the file
- names specified on the command line are directories, `gzip' will
- descend into the directory and compress all the files it finds
- there (or decompress them in the case of `gunzip').
-
-`--suffix SUF'
-`-S SUF'
- Use suffix `SUF' instead of `.gz'. Any suffix can be given, but
- suffixes other than `.z' and `.gz' should be avoided to avoid
- confusion when files are transferred to other systems. A null
- suffix forces gunzip to try decompression on all given files
- regardless of suffix, as in:
-
- gunzip -S "" * (*.* for MSDOS)
-
- Previous versions of gzip used the `.z' suffix. This was changed to
- avoid a conflict with `pack'.
-
-`--test'
-`-t'
- Test. Check the compressed file integrity.
-
-`--verbose'
-`-v'
- Verbose. Display the name and percentage reduction for each file
- compressed.
-
-`--version'
-`-V'
- Version. Display the version number and compilation options, then
- quit.
-
-`--fast'
-`--best'
-`-N'
- Regulate the speed of compression using the specified digit N,
- where `-1' or `--fast' indicates the fastest compression method
- (less compression) and `--best' or `-9' indicates the slowest
- compression method (optimal compression). The default compression
- level is `-6' (that is, biased towards high compression at expense
- of speed).
-
-\1f
-File: gzip.info, Node: Advanced usage, Next: Environment, Prev: Invoking gzip, Up: Top
-
-Advanced usage
-**************
-
- Multiple compressed files can be concatenated. In this case,
-`gunzip' will extract all members at once. If one member is damaged,
-other members might still be recovered after removal of the damaged
-member. Better compression can be usually obtained if all members are
-decompressed and then recompressed in a single step.
-
- This is an example of concatenating `gzip' files:
-
- gzip -c file1 > foo.gz
- gzip -c file2 >> foo.gz
-
- Then
-
- gunzip -c foo
-
- is equivalent to
-
- cat file1 file2
-
- In case of damage to one member of a `.gz' file, other members can
-still be recovered (if the damaged member is removed). However, you can
-get better compression by compressing all members at once:
-
- cat file1 file2 | gzip > foo.gz
-
- compresses better than
-
- gzip -c file1 file2 > foo.gz
-
- If you want to recompress concatenated files to get better
-compression, do:
-
- zcat old.gz | gzip > new.gz
-
- If a compressed file consists of several members, the uncompressed
-size and CRC reported by the `--list' option applies to the last member
-only. If you need the uncompressed size for all members, you can use:
-
- zcat file.gz | wc -c
-
- If you wish to create a single archive file with multiple members so
-that members can later be extracted independently, use an archiver such
-as `tar' or `zip'. GNU `tar' supports the `-z' option to invoke `gzip'
-transparently. `gzip' is designed as a complement to `tar', not as a
-replacement.
-
-\1f
-File: gzip.info, Node: Environment, Next: Tapes, Prev: Advanced usage, Up: Top
-
-Environment
-***********
-
- The environment variable `GZIP' can hold a set of default options for
-`gzip'. These options are interpreted first and can be overwritten by
-explicit command line parameters. For example:
-
- for sh: GZIP="-8v --name"; export GZIP
- for csh: setenv GZIP "-8v --name"
- for MSDOS: set GZIP=-8v --name
-
- On Vax/VMS, the name of the environment variable is `GZIP_OPT', to
-avoid a conflict with the symbol set for invocation of the program.
-
-\1f
-File: gzip.info, Node: Tapes, Next: Problems, Prev: Environment, Up: Top
-
-Using `gzip' on tapes
-*********************
-
- When writing compressed data to a tape, it is generally necessary to
-pad the output with zeroes up to a block boundary. When the data is
-read and the whole block is passed to `gunzip' for decompression,
-`gunzip' detects that there is extra trailing garbage after the
-compressed data and emits a warning by default if the garbage contains
-nonzero bytes. You have to use the `--quiet' option to suppress the
-warning. This option can be set in the `GZIP' environment variable, as
-in:
-
- for sh: GZIP="-q" tar -xfz --block-compress /dev/rst0
- for csh: (setenv GZIP "-q"; tar -xfz --block-compress /dev/rst0)
-
- In the above example, `gzip' is invoked implicitly by the `-z'
-option of GNU `tar'. Make sure that the same block size (`-b' option
-of `tar') is used for reading and writing compressed data on tapes.
-(This example assumes you are using the GNU version of `tar'.)
-
-\1f
-File: gzip.info, Node: Problems, Next: Copying This Manual, Prev: Tapes, Up: Top
-
-Reporting Bugs
-**************
-
- If you find a bug in `gzip', please send electronic mail to
-<bug-gzip@gnu.org>. Include the version number, which you can find by
-running `gzip -V'. Also include in your message the hardware and
-operating system, the compiler used to compile `gzip', a description of
-the bug behavior, and the input to `gzip' that triggered the bug.
-
-\1f
-File: gzip.info, Node: Copying This Manual, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Problems, Up: Top
-
-Copying This Manual
-*******************
-
-* Menu:
-
-* GNU Free Documentation License:: License for copying this manual.
-
-\1f
-File: gzip.info, Node: GNU Free Documentation License, Up: Copying This Manual
-
-GNU Free Documentation License
-==============================
-
- Version 1.1, March 2000
- Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
- 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA
-
- Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
- of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
-
- 0. PREAMBLE
-
- The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
- written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone
- the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
- modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily,
- this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get
- credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
- modifications made by others.
-
- This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
- works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.
- It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
- license designed for free software.
-
- We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
- free software, because free software needs free documentation: a
- free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms
- that the software does. But this License is not limited to
- software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless
- of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book.
- We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is
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-
- 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
-
- This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
- notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed
- under the terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to
- any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee,
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- 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
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- The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of
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- versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
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-ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
-----------------------------------------------------
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- To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
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- Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME.
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-
-\1f
-File: gzip.info, Node: Concept Index, Prev: Copying This Manual, Up: Top
-
-Concept Index
-*************
-
-* Menu:
-
-* bugs: Problems.
-* concatenated files: Advanced usage.
-* Environment: Environment.
-* FDL, GNU Free Documentation License: GNU Free Documentation License.
-* invoking: Invoking gzip.
-* options: Invoking gzip.
-* overview: Overview.
-* sample: Sample.
-* tapes: Tapes.
-
-
-\1f
-Tag Table:
-Node: Top\7f1258
-Node: Overview\7f2630
-Node: Sample\7f7390
-Node: Invoking gzip\7f9051
-Node: Advanced usage\7f14032
-Node: Environment\7f15621
-Node: Tapes\7f16189
-Node: Problems\7f17203
-Node: Copying This Manual\7f17661
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f17877
-Node: Concept Index\7f37741
-\1f
-End Tag Table
projects / debian / gzip / blobdiff