+(single to)108 396 Q(wer may be generated by)-.25 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0
+SF(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0(.)A/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(LONGLEY)72 412.8
+Q(-RICE P)-1.007 E -1.04(AT)-.81 G 2.738(HL)1.04 G(OSS AN)-2.738 E(AL)
+-.219 E(YSIS)-1.007 E F0 .345(If the)108 424.8 R F1(-c)2.845 E F0 .345
+(switch is replaced by a)2.845 F F1(-L)2.844 E F0 .344(switch, a Longle)
+2.844 F .344(y-Rice path loss map for a transmitter site may be gen-)
+-.15 F(erated:)108 436.8 Q F2
+(splat -t wnjt -L 30.0 -s cities.dat -b co34_d00.dat -o path_loss_map)
+108 460.8 Q F0 .977(In this mode,)108 484.8 R F3(SPLA)3.477 E(T!)-.95 E
+F0 .977(generates a multi-color map illustrating e)3.477 F .977
+(xpected signal le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .978(ls \(path loss\) in areas)
+.15 F .997(surrounding the transmitter site.)108 496.8 R 3.497(Al)5.997
+G -.15(eg)-3.497 G .996
+(end at the bottom of the map correlates each color with a speci\214c)
+.15 F(path loss range in decibels.)108 508.8 Q .63(The Longle)108 532.8
+R .63(y-Rice analysis range may be modi\214ed to a user)-.15 F .63
+(-speci\214c v)-.2 F .63(alue using the)-.25 F F1(-R)3.13 E F0 3.13
+(switch. The)3.13 F(ar)3.13 E(gu-)-.18 E .523(ment must be gi)108 544.8
+R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.023(ni).15 G 3.023(nm)-3.023 G .523
+(iles \(or kilometers if the)-3.023 F F1(-metric)3.023 E F0 .522
+(switch is used\).)3.022 F .522(If a range wider than the gener)5.522 F
+(-)-.2 E .926(ated topographic map is speci\214ed,)108 556.8 R F3(SPLA)
+3.426 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .926(will perform Longle)3.426 F .926
+(y-Rice path loss calculations between all)-.15 F
+(four corners of the area prediction map.)108 568.8 Q(The)108 592.8 Q F1
+(-db)3.345 E F0 .845(switch allo)3.345 F .845
+(ws a constraint to be placed on the maximum path loss re)-.25 F .844
+(gion plotted on the map.)-.15 F(A)5.844 E .21(maximum path loss betwee\
+n 80 and 230 dB may be speci\214ed using this switch.)108 604.8 R -.15
+(Fo)5.21 G 2.71(re).15 G .21(xample, if a path loss)-2.86 F(be)108 616.8
+Q .396(yond -140 dB is irrele)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .395(nt to the surv)
+.25 F .695 -.15(ey b)-.15 H .395(eing conducted,).15 F F3(SPLA)2.895 E
+(T!)-.95 E F0 1.495 -.55('s p)D .395
+(ath loss plot can be constrained to).55 F(the re)108 628.8 Q
+(gion bounded by the 140 dB attenuation contour as follo)-.15 E(ws:)-.25
+E F2(splat -t wnjt -L 30.0 -s cities.dat -b co34_d00.dat -db 140 -o plo\
+t.ppm)108 652.8 Q F4(ANTENN)72 681.6 Q 2.738(AR)-.219 G(ADIA)-2.738 E
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+(Normalized \214eld v)108 693.6 R .977
+(oltage patterns for a transmitting antenna')-.2 F 3.477(sh)-.55 G .977
+(orizontal and v)-3.477 F .977(ertical planes are imported)-.15 F .588
+(automatically into)108 705.6 R F3(SPLA)3.088 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .588
+(when a Longle)3.088 F .588(y-Rice co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .588
+(rage analysis is performed.).15 F .587(Antenna pattern data is)5.587 F
+.804(read from a pair of \214les ha)108 717.6 R .805
+(ving the same base name as the transmitter and LRP \214les, b)-.2 F
+.805(ut with)-.2 F F1(.az)3.305 E F0(and)3.305 E F1(.el)3.305 E F0 -.15
+(ex)108 729.6 S .308(tensions for azimuth and ele).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G
+.308(tion pattern \214les, respecti).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.307
+(.S)-.65 G .307(peci\214cations re)-5.307 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .307
+(rding pattern rotation \(if).05 F(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.625(are 20)
+-.1 F(December 2006)2.5 E(9)190.955 E EP
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+(y\) are also contained within)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)2.951 E
+(T!)-.95 E F0 .451(antenna pattern)2.951 F(\214les.)108 96 Q -.15(Fo)108
+120 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the \214rst fe)-2.65 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G
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+42(00)156 156 S(.8950590)-42 E 42(10)156 168 S(.8966406)-42 E 42(20)156
+180 S(.8981447)-42 E 42(30)156 192 S(.8995795)-42 E 42(40)156 204 S
+(.9009535)-42 E 42(50)156 216 S(.9022749)-42 E 42(60)156 228 S(.9035517)
+-42 E 42(70)156 240 S(.9047923)-42 E 42(80)156 252 S(.9060051)-42 E F0
+1.778(The \214rst line of the)108 276 R F2(.az)4.278 E F0 1.777(\214le \
+speci\214es the amount of azimuthal pattern rotation \(measured clockwi\
+se in)4.278 F(de)108 288 Q .062(grees from T)-.15 F .062
+(rue North\) to be applied by)-.35 F F1(SPLA)2.562 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .063
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+(azimuth headings \(0 to 360 de)108 300 R .871(grees\) and their associ\
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+(rated by whitespace.)108 312 Q .068(The structure of)108 336 R F1(SPLA)
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+.069(\214rst line of the)2.569 F F2(.el)2.569 E F0 .069
+(\214le speci\214es the)2.569 F .892
+(amount of mechanical beam tilt applied to the antenna.)108 348 R .892
+(Note that a)5.892 F F2(downwar)3.392 E 3.392(dt)-.37 G(ilt)-3.392 E F0
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+108 360 S 1.101(pressed as a).15 F F2 1.101(positive angle)3.601 F F0
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+-3.601 E F0(\(abo)3.601 E 1.401 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.101
+(he horizon\) is e).15 F 1.101(xpressed as a)-.15 F F2(ne)3.602 E 1.102
+(gative angle)-.4 F F0(.)A(This data is follo)108 372 Q
+(wed by the azimuthal direction of the tilt, separated by whitespace.)
+-.25 E .437(The remainder of the \214le consists of ele)108 396 R -.25
+(va)-.25 G .436(tion angles and their corresponding normalized v).25 F
+.436(oltage radiation)-.2 F .247(pattern \(0.000 to 1.000\) v)108 408 R
+.247(alues separated by whitespace.)-.25 F(Ele)5.247 E -.25(va)-.25 G
+.248(tion angles must be speci\214ed o).25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.748(ra-)
+.15 G .248(10.0 to)-2.748 F .131(+90.0 de)108 420 R .131(gree range.)
+-.15 F .131(As w)5.131 F .131(as the con)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .131
+(ntion with mechanical beamtilt,).15 F F2(ne)2.631 E .13(gative ele)-.4
+F .13(vation angles)-.15 F F0 .13(are used to)2.63 F(represent ele)108
+432 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(tions).25 E F2(abo)2.5 E(ve the horizon)-.1 E F0
+2.5(,w)C(hile)-2.5 E F2(positive angles)2.5 E F0(represents ele)2.5 E
+-.25(va)-.25 G(tions).25 E F2(below the horizon)2.5 E F0(.)A -.15(Fo)108
+456 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the \214rst fe)-2.65 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ines a)
+-2.5 E F1(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0(ele)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G
+(tion pattern \214le might appear as follo).25 E(ws \()-.25 E F2
+(kvea.el)A F0(\):)A F3 18(1.1 130.0)156 480 R 12(-10.0 0.172)150 492 R
+18(-9.5 0.109)150 504 R 18(-9.0 0.115)150 516 R 18(-8.5 0.155)150 528 R
+18(-8.0 0.157)150 540 R 18(-7.5 0.104)150 552 R 18(-7.0 0.029)150 564 R
+18(-6.5 0.109)150 576 R 18(-6.0 0.185)150 588 R F0 1.538(In this e)108
+612 R 1.538(xample, the antenna is mechanically tilted do)-.15 F(wnw)
+-.25 E 1.538(ard 1.1 de)-.1 F 1.538(grees to)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.25 G 1.538
+(rds an azimuth of 130.0).1 F(de)108 624 Q(grees.)-.15 E -.15(Fo)108 648
+S 3.447(rb).15 G .946(est results, the resolution of azimuth pattern da\
+ta should be speci\214ed to the nearest de)-3.447 F .946(gree azimuth,)
+-.15 F 1.299(and ele)108 660 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.299(tion pattern data r\
+esolution should be speci\214ed to the nearest 0.01 de).25 F 3.8
+(grees. If)-.15 F 1.3(the pattern data)3.8 F .55
+(speci\214ed does not reach this le)108 672 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.049(lo)
+.15 G 3.049(fr)-3.049 G(esolution,)-3.049 E F1(SPLA)3.049 E(T!)-.95 E F0
+.549(will interpolate the v)3.049 F .549(alues pro)-.25 F .549
+(vided to determine)-.15 F(the data at the required resolution, althoug\
+h this may result in a loss in accurac)108 684 Q -.65(y.)-.15 G
+(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.625(are 20)-.1 F(December 2006)2.5 E(10)
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+E(AL P)-.219 E -1.04(AT)-.81 G 2.738(HL)1.04 G(OSS CONT)-2.738 E(OUR D)
+-.197 E -1.644 -1.04(AT A)-.383 H F0 .254(Performing a Longle)108 96 R
+.254(y-Rice co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .254(rage analysis can be a v).15 F
+.254(ery time consuming process, especially if the anal-)-.15 F .936
+(ysis is repeated repeatedly to disco)108 108 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.436(rw)
+.15 G .936(hat ef)-3.436 F .935
+(fects changes to the antenna radiation patterns mak)-.25 F 3.435(et)-.1
+G 3.435(ot)-3.435 G(he)-3.435 E(predicted co)108 120 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G
+(rage area.).15 E .721(This process can be e)108 144 R .722
+(xpedited by e)-.15 F .722(xporting the Longle)-.15 F .722(y-Rice re)
+-.15 F .722(gional path loss contour data to an output)-.15 F .776
+(\214le, modifying the path loss data e)108 156 R .775
+(xternally to incorporate antenna pattern ef)-.15 F .775
+(fects, and then importing the)-.25 F
+(modi\214ed path loss data back into)108 168 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
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+(vised path loss map.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 192 S 3.253(re).15 G .753
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+3.253 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .753(for a recei)5.753 F 1.053 -.15(ve s)-.25 H
+.754(ite 30 feet abo).15 F 1.054 -.15(ve g)-.15 H(round).15 E(le)108 204
+Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.998(lo).15 G -.15(ve)-3.148 G 2.998(ra5).15 G 2.998
+(0m)-2.998 G .497(ile radius surrounding a transmitter site to a maximu\
+m path loss of 140 dB using the fol-)-2.998 F(lo)108 216 Q(wing syntax:)
+-.25 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF
+(splat -t kvea -L 30.0 -R 50.0 -db 140 -plo pathloss.dat)108 240 Q F2
+(SPLA)108 264 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .044(path loss output \214les often e)2.544
+F .044(xceed 100 me)-.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .044(bytes in size.).05 F(The)
+5.045 E 2.545(yc)-.15 G .045(ontain information relating to the)-2.545 F
+2.58(boundaries of re)108 276 R 2.58(gion the)-.15 F 5.08(yd)-.15 G 2.58
+(escribe follo)-5.08 F 2.58(wed by latitudes \(de)-.25 F 2.58
+(grees North\), longitudes \(de)-.15 F 2.58(grees W)-.15 F(est\),)-.8 E
+.655(azimuths, ele)108 288 R -.25(va)-.25 G .656(tions \(to the \214rst\
+ obstruction\), and path loss \214gures \(dB\) for a series of speci\
+\214c points that).25 F .542(comprise the re)108 300 R .542
+(gion surrounding the transmitter site.)-.15 F .542(The \214rst fe)5.542
+F 3.042(wl)-.25 G .542(ines of a)-3.042 F F2(SPLA)3.042 E(T!)-.95 E F0
+.541(path loss output \214le)3.041 F(tak)108 312 Q 2.5(eo)-.1 G 2.5(nt)
+-2.5 G(he follo)-2.5 E(wing appearance \()-.25 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
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+-6 E(34.2265434, 118.0631104, 48.171, -37.461, 67.70)156 360 Q
+(34.2270355, 118.0624390, 48.262, -26.212, 73.72)156 372 Q
+(34.2280197, 118.0611038, 48.269, -14.951, 79.74)156 384 Q
+(34.2285156, 118.0604401, 48.207, -11.351, 81.68)156 396 Q
+(34.2290077, 118.0597687, 48.240, -10.518, 83.26)156 408 Q
+(34.2294998, 118.0591049, 48.225, 23.201, 84.60)156 420 Q
+(34.2304878, 118.0577698, 48.213, 15.769, 137.84)156 432 Q
+(34.2309799, 118.0570984, 48.234, 15.965, 151.54)156 444 Q
+(34.2314720, 118.0564346, 48.224, 16.520, 149.45)156 456 Q
+(34.2319679, 118.0557632, 48.223, 15.588, 151.61)156 468 Q
+(34.2329521, 118.0544281, 48.230, 13.889, 135.45)156 480 Q
+(34.2334442, 118.0537643, 48.223, 11.693, 137.37)156 492 Q
+(34.2339401, 118.0530930, 48.222, 14.050, 126.32)156 504 Q
+(34.2344322, 118.0524292, 48.216, 16.274, 156.28)156 516 Q
+(34.2354164, 118.0510941, 48.222, 15.058, 152.65)156 528 Q
+(34.2359123, 118.0504227, 48.221, 16.215, 158.57)156 540 Q
+(34.2364044, 118.0497589, 48.216, 15.024, 157.30)156 552 Q
+(34.2368965, 118.0490875, 48.225, 17.184, 156.36)156 564 Q F0 .134
+(It is not uncommon for)108 588 R F2(SPLA)2.634 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .135
+(path loss \214les to contain as man)2.635 F 2.635(ya)-.15 G 2.635(s3m)
+-2.635 G .135(illion or more lines of data.)-2.635 F(Com-)5.135 E 1.165
+(ments can be placed in the \214le if the)108 600 R 3.664(ya)-.15 G
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+612 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(nc).15 G
+(apable of editing \214les of this size.)-2.5 E .807(Note as w)108 636 R
+.807(as the case in the antenna pattern \214les, ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G
+(ti).05 E 1.107 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(le).15 E -.25(va)-.25 G .807
+(tion angles refer to upw).25 F .808(ard tilt \(abo)-.1 F 1.108 -.15
+(ve t)-.15 H(he).15 E .94(horizon\), while positi)108 648 R 1.24 -.15
+(ve a)-.25 H .94(ngles refer to do).15 F(wnw)-.25 E .94(ard tilt \(belo)
+-.1 F 3.44(wt)-.25 G .94(he horizon\).)-3.44 F .94
+(These angles refer to the ele-)5.94 F -.25(va)108 660 S 1.075
+(tion to the recei).25 F 1.075(ving antenna at the height abo)-.25 F
+1.376 -.15(ve g)-.15 H 1.076(round le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.576(ls).15
+G 1.076(peci\214ed using the)-3.576 F F4(-L)3.576 E F0(switch)3.576 E F4
+(if)3.576 E F0 1.076(the path)3.576 F 2.35
+(between transmitter and recei)108 672 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.85(ri).15 G
+4.85(su)-4.85 G 4.85(nobstructed. If)-4.85 F 2.35
+(the path between the transmitter and recei)4.85 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.85
+(ri).15 G(s)-4.85 E .009(obstructed, then the ele)108 684 R -.25(va)-.25
+G .009(tion angle to the \214rst obstruction is returned by).25 F F2
+(SPLA)2.51 E(T!)-.95 E F0 5.01(.T)C .01(his is because the Lon-)-5.01 F
+(gle)108 696 Q .262(y-Rice model considers the ener)-.15 F .262
+(gy reaching a distant point o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.762(ra).15 G
+2.762(no)-2.762 G .262(bstructed path as a deri)-2.762 F -.25(va)-.25 G
+(ti).25 E .561 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 2.761(ft).15 G(he)-2.761 E(ener)108 708
+Q .489(gy scattered from the top of the \214rst obstruction, only)-.18 F
+5.489(.S)-.65 G .489(ince ener)-5.489 F .489
+(gy cannot reach the obstructed loca-)-.18 F(tion directly)108 720 Q 2.5
+(,t)-.65 G(he actual ele)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G
+(tion angle to that point is irrele).25 E -.25(va)-.25 G(nt.).25 E
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+G .233(ormalized g)-2.733 F .233(ain at the azimuth and ele)-.05 F -.25
+(va)-.25 G .234(tion angles speci\214ed in).25 F .395(the \214le.)108
+108 R .395(\(At this time, programs and scripts capable of performing t\
+his operation are left as an e)5.395 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .395(rcise for).15
+F(the user)108 120 Q(.\))-.55 E
+(Modi\214ed path loss maps can be imported back into)108 144 Q F1(SPLA)
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+G(rage maps:).15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF
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+108 168 Q F1(SPLA)108 192 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .006
+(path loss \214les can also be used for conducting co)2.506 F -.15(ve)
+-.15 G .007(rage or interference studies outside of).15 F F1(SPLA)2.507
+E(T!)-.95 E F0(.)A/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF
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+(-generated te)-.2 F 1.041
+(xt \214le containing latitudes, longitudes, and heights abo)-.15 F -.15
+(ve)-.15 G 1.072(ground le)108 232.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.572(lo).15 G
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+-3.573 G 1.073(mportance to the)-3.573 F F1(SPLA)3.573 E(T!)-.95 E F0
+1.073(analysis being con-)3.573 F .602(ducted, b)108 244.8 R .601
+(ut noticeably absent from the SDF \214les being used.)-.2 F 3.101(Au)
+5.601 G(ser)-3.101 E .601(-de\214ned terrain \214le is imported into a)
+-.2 F F1(SPLA)108 256.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0(analysis using the)2.5 E F2(-udt)
+2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F3
+(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -udt udt_file.txt -o map.ppm)114 280.8 Q F0
+2.5(Au)108 304.8 S(ser)-2.5 E(-de\214ned terrain \214le has the follo)
+-.2 E(wing appearance and structure:)-.25 E F3
+(40.32180556, 74.1325, 100.0 meters)150 328.8 Q
+(40.321805, 74.1315, 300.0)150 340.8 Q
+(40.3218055, 74.1305, 100.0 meters)150 352.8 Q F0 -.7(Te)108 376.8 S
+1.42(rrain height is interpreted as being described in feet abo).7 F
+1.72 -.15(ve g)-.15 H 1.42(round le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.92(lu).15 G
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+388.8 Q(s)-.1 E F0 3.329(,a)C .829(nd is added)-3.329 F F2 .829
+(on top of)3.329 F F0 .829
+(the terrain speci\214ed in the SDF data for the locations speci\214ed.)
+3.329 F .828(Be a)5.829 F -.1(wa)-.15 G(re).1 E 1.06(that each user)108
+400.8 R 1.061(-de\214ned terrain feature speci\214ed will be interprete\
+d as being 3-arc seconds in both latitude)-.2 F .282(and longitude.)108
+412.8 R .282(Features described in the user)5.282 F .281
+(-de\214ned terrain \214le that o)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .281(rlap pre).15
+F .281(viously de\214ned features in)-.25 F(the \214le are ignored by)
+108 424.8 Q F1(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0(.)A F4(SIMPLE T)72 441.6 Q
+(OPOGRAPHIC MAP GENERA)-.197 E(TION)-1.04 E F0 .034(In certain situatio\
+ns it may be desirable to generate a topographic map of a re)108 453.6 R
+.035(gion without plotting co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(rage).15 E .97
+(areas, line-of-sight paths, or generating obstruction reports.)108
+465.6 R .969(There are se)5.969 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .969(ral w).15 F .969
+(ays of doing this.)-.1 F .969(If one)5.969 F .162(wishes to generate a\