arm_adi_v5: rework dap_read_part_id()

arm_adi_v5: rework dap_read_part_id()

Rework dap_read_part_id() while preparing for reorganizing the
'ROM Table Parsing' (RTP):
- rename it with 'rtp' prefix;
- extends it to read other CoreSight registers, thus improving the
  overall speed by queuing more reads;
- reduce the list of arguments by using a struct;
- reorder the reads by increasing offset, potentially gaining
  speed using MEM_AP_REG_BDx and/or auto-increment;
- log a debug message in case of read error.

Change-Id: I6544ac7740b808a6c0fbacf97ac00b97f5bd3832
Signed-off-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: https://review.openocd.org/c/openocd/+/6815
Tested-by: jenkins