X-Git-Url: https://git.gag.com/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=doc%2Fgzip.info;fp=doc%2Fgzip.info;h=b017e57633e490593340daa21910501f8571eae0;hb=0d5a754ba8f2cc33e98d48d559f0ad6cd18a43a3;hp=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000;hpb=ad96056bdcf62abd585cdb53768fbabdde75d1b5;p=debian%2Fgzip diff --git a/doc/gzip.info b/doc/gzip.info new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b017e57 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/gzip.info @@ -0,0 +1,923 @@ +This is gzip.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.8 from gzip.texi. + + This manual is for Gzip (version 1.3.9, 8 December 2006), and +documents commands for compressing and decompressing data. + + Copyright (C) 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2006 Free Software Foundation, +Inc. + + Copyright (C) 1992, 1993 Jean-loup Gailly + + Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this + document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, + Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software + Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, + and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included + in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". + +INFO-DIR-SECTION Individual utilities +START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY +* gzip: (gzip)Invoking gzip. Compress files. +END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY + +INFO-DIR-SECTION Utilities +START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY +* Gzip: (gzip). The gzip command for compressing files. +END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY + + +File: gzip.info, Node: Top, Up: (dir) + +Compressing Files +***************** + +This manual is for Gzip (version 1.3.9, 8 December 2006), and documents +commands for compressing and decompressing data. + + Copyright (C) 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2006 Free Software Foundation, +Inc. + + Copyright (C) 1992, 1993 Jean-loup Gailly + + Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this + document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, + Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software + Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, + and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included + in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". + +* Menu: + +* Overview:: Preliminary information. +* Sample:: Sample output from `gzip'. +* Invoking gzip:: How to run `gzip'. +* Advanced usage:: Concatenated files. +* Environment:: The `GZIP' environment variable +* Tapes:: Using `gzip' on tapes. +* Problems:: Reporting bugs. +* Copying This Manual:: How to make copies of this manual. +* Concept Index:: Index of concepts. + + +File: gzip.info, Node: Overview, Next: Sample, Up: Top + +1 Overview +********** + +`gzip' reduces the size of the named files using Lempel-Ziv coding +(LZ77). Whenever possible, each file is replaced by one with the +extension `.gz', while keeping the same ownership modes, access and +modification times. (The default extension is `-gz' for VMS, `z' for +MSDOS, OS/2 FAT and Atari.) If no files are specified or if a file +name is "-", the standard input is compressed to the standard output. +`gzip' will only attempt to compress regular files. In particular, it +will ignore symbolic links. + + If the new file name is too long for its file system, `gzip' +truncates it. `gzip' attempts to truncate only the parts of the file +name longer than 3 characters. (A part is delimited by dots.) If the +name consists of small parts only, the longest parts are truncated. +For example, if file names are limited to 14 characters, gzip.msdos.exe +is compressed to gzi.msd.exe.gz. Names are not truncated on systems +which do not have a limit on file name length. + + By default, `gzip' keeps the original file name and timestamp in the +compressed file. These are used when decompressing the file with the +`-N' option. This is useful when the compressed file name was truncated +or when the time stamp was not preserved after a file transfer. +However, due to limitations in the current `gzip' file format, +fractional seconds are discarded. Also, time stamps must fall within +the range 1970-01-01 00:00:00 through 2106-02-07 06:28:15 UTC, and +hosts whose operating systems use 32-bit time stamps are further +restricted to time stamps no later than 2038-01-19 03:14:07 UTC. The +upper bounds assume the typical case where leap seconds are ignored. + + Compressed files can be restored to their original form using `gzip +-d' or `gunzip' or `zcat'. If the original name saved in the +compressed file is not suitable for its file system, a new name is +constructed from the original one to make it legal. + + `gunzip' takes a list of files on its command line and replaces each +file whose name ends with `.gz', `.z', `.Z', `-gz', `-z' or `_z' and +which begins with the correct magic number with an uncompressed file +without the original extension. `gunzip' also recognizes the special +extensions `.tgz' and `.taz' as shorthands for `.tar.gz' and `.tar.Z' +respectively. When compressing, `gzip' uses the `.tgz' extension if +necessary instead of truncating a file with a `.tar' extension. + + `gunzip' can currently decompress files created by `gzip', `zip', +`compress' or `pack'. The detection of the input format is automatic. +When using the first two formats, `gunzip' checks a 32 bit CRC (cyclic +redundancy check). For `pack', `gunzip' checks the uncompressed length. +The `compress' format was not designed to allow consistency checks. +However `gunzip' is sometimes able to detect a bad `.Z' file. If you +get an error when uncompressing a `.Z' file, do not assume that the +`.Z' file is correct simply because the standard `uncompress' does not +complain. This generally means that the standard `uncompress' does not +check its input, and happily generates garbage output. The SCO +`compress -H' format (`lzh' compression method) does not include a CRC +but also allows some consistency checks. + + Files created by `zip' can be uncompressed by `gzip' only if they +have a single member compressed with the 'deflation' method. This +feature is only intended to help conversion of `tar.zip' files to the +`tar.gz' format. To extract a `zip' file with a single member, use a +command like `gunzip . + + This is the output of the command `gzip -v texinfo.tex': + + texinfo.tex: 69.7% -- replaced with texinfo.tex.gz + + The following command will find all `gzip' files in the current +directory and subdirectories, and extract them in place without +destroying the original: + + find . -name '*.gz' -print | sed 's/^\(.*\)[.]gz$/gunzip < "&" > "\1"/' | sh + + +File: gzip.info, Node: Invoking gzip, Next: Advanced usage, Prev: Sample, Up: Top + +3 Invoking `gzip' +***************** + +The format for running the `gzip' program is: + + gzip OPTION ... + + `gzip' supports the following options: + +`--stdout' +`--to-stdout' +`-c' + Write output on standard output; keep original files unchanged. + If there are several input files, the output consists of a + sequence of independently compressed members. To obtain better + compression, concatenate all input files before compressing them. + +`--decompress' +`--uncompress' +`-d' + Decompress. + +`--force' +`-f' + Force compression or decompression even if the file has multiple + links or the corresponding file already exists, or if the + compressed data is read from or written to a terminal. If the + input data is not in a format recognized by `gzip', and if the + option `--stdout' is also given, copy the input data without + change to the standard output: let `zcat' behave as `cat'. If `-f' + is not given, and when not running in the background, `gzip' + prompts to verify whether an existing file should be overwritten. + +`--help' +`-h' + Print an informative help message describing the options then quit. + +`--list' +`-l' + For each compressed file, list the following fields: + + compressed size: size of the compressed file + uncompressed size: size of the uncompressed file + ratio: compression ratio (0.0% if unknown) + uncompressed_name: name of the uncompressed file + + The uncompressed size is given as `-1' for files not in `gzip' + format, such as compressed `.Z' files. To get the uncompressed + size for such a file, you can use: + + zcat file.Z | wc -c + + In combination with the `--verbose' option, the following fields + are also displayed: + + method: compression method (deflate,compress,lzh,pack) + crc: the 32-bit CRC of the uncompressed data + date & time: time stamp for the uncompressed file + + The crc is given as ffffffff for a file not in gzip format. + + With `--verbose', the size totals and compression ratio for all + files is also displayed, unless some sizes are unknown. With + `--quiet', the title and totals lines are not displayed. + + The `gzip' format represents the input size modulo 2^32, so the + uncompressed size and compression ratio are listed incorrectly for + uncompressed files 4 GB and larger. To work around this problem, + you can use the following command to discover a large uncompressed + file's true size: + + zcat file.gz | wc -c + +`--license' +`-L' + Display the `gzip' license then quit. + +`--no-name' +`-n' + When compressing, do not save the original file name and time + stamp by default. (The original name is always saved if the name + had to be truncated.) When decompressing, do not restore the + original file name if present (remove only the `gzip' suffix from + the compressed file name) and do not restore the original time + stamp if present (copy it from the compressed file). This option + is the default when decompressing. + +`--name' +`-N' + When compressing, always save the original file name and time + stamp; this is the default. When decompressing, restore the + original file name and time stamp if present. This option is + useful on systems which have a limit on file name length or when + the time stamp has been lost after a file transfer. + +`--quiet' +`-q' + Suppress all warning messages. + +`--recursive' +`-r' + Travel the directory structure recursively. If any of the file + names specified on the command line are directories, `gzip' will + descend into the directory and compress all the files it finds + there (or decompress them in the case of `gunzip'). + +`--suffix SUF' +`-S SUF' + Use suffix `SUF' instead of `.gz'. Any suffix can be given, but + suffixes other than `.z' and `.gz' should be avoided to avoid + confusion when files are transferred to other systems. A null + suffix forces gunzip to try decompression on all given files + regardless of suffix, as in: + + gunzip -S "" * (*.* for MSDOS) + + Previous versions of gzip used the `.z' suffix. This was changed to + avoid a conflict with `pack'. + +`--test' +`-t' + Test. Check the compressed file integrity. + +`--verbose' +`-v' + Verbose. Display the name and percentage reduction for each file + compressed. + +`--version' +`-V' + Version. Display the version number and compilation options, then + quit. + +`--fast' +`--best' +`-N' + Regulate the speed of compression using the specified digit N, + where `-1' or `--fast' indicates the fastest compression method + (less compression) and `--best' or `-9' indicates the slowest + compression method (optimal compression). The default compression + level is `-6' (that is, biased towards high compression at expense + of speed). + + +File: gzip.info, Node: Advanced usage, Next: Environment, Prev: Invoking gzip, Up: Top + +4 Advanced usage +**************** + +Multiple compressed files can be concatenated. In this case, `gunzip' +will extract all members at once. If one member is damaged, other +members might still be recovered after removal of the damaged member. +Better compression can be usually obtained if all members are +decompressed and then recompressed in a single step. + + This is an example of concatenating `gzip' files: + + gzip -c file1 > foo.gz + gzip -c file2 >> foo.gz + + Then + + gunzip -c foo + + is equivalent to + + cat file1 file2 + + In case of damage to one member of a `.gz' file, other members can +still be recovered (if the damaged member is removed). However, you can +get better compression by compressing all members at once: + + cat file1 file2 | gzip > foo.gz + + compresses better than + + gzip -c file1 file2 > foo.gz + + If you want to recompress concatenated files to get better +compression, do: + + zcat old.gz | gzip > new.gz + + If a compressed file consists of several members, the uncompressed +size and CRC reported by the `--list' option applies to the last member +only. If you need the uncompressed size for all members, you can use: + + zcat file.gz | wc -c + + If you wish to create a single archive file with multiple members so +that members can later be extracted independently, use an archiver such +as `tar' or `zip'. GNU `tar' supports the `-z' option to invoke `gzip' +transparently. `gzip' is designed as a complement to `tar', not as a +replacement. + + +File: gzip.info, Node: Environment, Next: Tapes, Prev: Advanced usage, Up: Top + +5 Environment +************* + +The environment variable `GZIP' can hold a set of default options for +`gzip'. These options are interpreted first and can be overwritten by +explicit command line parameters. For example: + + for sh: GZIP="-8v --name"; export GZIP + for csh: setenv GZIP "-8v --name" + for MSDOS: set GZIP=-8v --name + + On Vax/VMS, the name of the environment variable is `GZIP_OPT', to +avoid a conflict with the symbol set for invocation of the program. + + +File: gzip.info, Node: Tapes, Next: Problems, Prev: Environment, Up: Top + +6 Using `gzip' on tapes +*********************** + +When writing compressed data to a tape, it is generally necessary to pad +the output with zeroes up to a block boundary. When the data is read and +the whole block is passed to `gunzip' for decompression, `gunzip' +detects that there is extra trailing garbage after the compressed data +and emits a warning by default if the garbage contains nonzero bytes. +You have to use the `--quiet' option to suppress the warning. This +option can be set in the `GZIP' environment variable, as in: + + for sh: GZIP="-q" tar -xfz --block-compress /dev/rst0 + for csh: (setenv GZIP "-q"; tar -xfz --block-compress /dev/rst0) + + In the above example, `gzip' is invoked implicitly by the `-z' +option of GNU `tar'. Make sure that the same block size (`-b' option +of `tar') is used for reading and writing compressed data on tapes. +(This example assumes you are using the GNU version of `tar'.) + + +File: gzip.info, Node: Problems, Next: Copying This Manual, Prev: Tapes, Up: Top + +7 Reporting Bugs +**************** + +If you find a bug in `gzip', please send electronic mail to +. Include the version number, which you can find by +running `gzip -V'. Also include in your message the hardware and +operating system, the compiler used to compile `gzip', a description of +the bug behavior, and the input to `gzip' that triggered the bug. + + +File: gzip.info, Node: Copying This Manual, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Problems, Up: Top + +Appendix A Copying This Manual +****************************** + +* Menu: + +* GNU Free Documentation License:: License for copying this manual. + + +File: gzip.info, Node: GNU Free Documentation License, Up: Copying This Manual + +A.1 GNU Free Documentation License +================================== + + Version 1.2, November 2002 + + Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA + + Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies + of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. + + 0. 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(line 6) +* Environment: Environment. (line 6) +* FDL, GNU Free Documentation License: GNU Free Documentation License. + (line 6) +* invoking: Invoking gzip. (line 6) +* options: Invoking gzip. (line 6) +* overview: Overview. (line 6) +* sample: Sample. (line 6) +* tapes: Tapes. (line 6) + + + +Tag Table: +Node: Top1011 +Node: Overview2133 +Node: Sample7309 +Node: Invoking gzip8964 +Node: Advanced usage13942 +Node: Environment15532 +Node: Tapes16101 +Node: Problems17116 +Node: Copying This Manual17575 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License17813 +Node: Concept Index40209 + +End Tag Table