jtag_command_t -> struct jtag_command
[fw/openocd] / src / jtag / jlink.c
index b20efcabf04bf2115bf1de58c561164cf468c0ef..9677f0e80d54ade44c075a45188a78e7c5081895 100644 (file)
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
  *   Copyright (C) 2007 by Juergen Stuber <juergen@jstuber.net>            *
  *   based on Dominic Rath's and Benedikt Sauter's usbprog.c               *
  *                                                                         *
+ *   Copyright (C) 2008 by Spencer Oliver                                  *
+ *   spen@spen-soft.co.uk                                                  *
+ *                                                                         *
  *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify  *
  *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by  *
  *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or     *
 #include "config.h"
 #endif
 
-#include "replacements.h"
-
-#include "jtag.h"
+#include "interface.h"
+#include "commands.h"
 
 #include <usb.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-#include "log.h"
 
-/* enable this to debug communication
- */
-#if 0
-#define _DEBUG_USB_COMMS_
-#endif
-
-#ifdef _DEBUG_JTAG_IO_
-#define DEBUG_JTAG_IO(expr ...)        LOG_DEBUG(expr)
-#else
-#define DEBUG_JTAG_IO(expr ...)
-#endif
 
 #define VID 0x1366
 #define PID 0x0101
 #define JLINK_WRITE_ENDPOINT   0x02
 #define JLINK_READ_ENDPOINT            0x81
 
-#define JLINK_USB_TIMEOUT              100
+static unsigned int jlink_write_ep = JLINK_WRITE_ENDPOINT;
+static unsigned int jlink_read_ep = JLINK_READ_ENDPOINT;
+static unsigned int jlink_hw_jtag_version = 2;
+
+#define JLINK_USB_TIMEOUT              1000
 
-#define JLINK_IN_BUFFER_SIZE                   8192
-#define JLINK_OUT_BUFFER_SIZE                  8192
+// See Section 1.3.2 of the Segger JLink USB protocol manual
+/* 2048 is the max value we can use here */
+//#define JLINK_TAP_BUFFER_SIZE 2048
+#define JLINK_TAP_BUFFER_SIZE 256
+//#define JLINK_TAP_BUFFER_SIZE 384
+
+#define JLINK_IN_BUFFER_SIZE                   2048
+#define JLINK_OUT_BUFFER_SIZE                  2*2048 + 4
 #define JLINK_EMU_RESULT_BUFFER_SIZE   64
 
 /* Global USB buffers */
-static u8 usb_in_buffer[JLINK_IN_BUFFER_SIZE];
-static u8 usb_out_buffer[JLINK_OUT_BUFFER_SIZE];
-static u8 usb_emu_result_buffer[JLINK_EMU_RESULT_BUFFER_SIZE];
+static uint8_t usb_in_buffer[JLINK_IN_BUFFER_SIZE];
+static uint8_t usb_out_buffer[JLINK_OUT_BUFFER_SIZE];
+static uint8_t usb_emu_result_buffer[JLINK_EMU_RESULT_BUFFER_SIZE];
 
 /* Constants for JLink command */
-#define EMU_CMD_VERSION     0x01
-#define EMU_CMD_SET_SPEED   0x05
-#define EMU_CMD_GET_STATE   0x07
-#define EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG3    0xcf
-#define EMU_CMD_HW_RESET0   0xdc
-#define EMU_CMD_HW_RESET1   0xdd
-#define EMU_CMD_HW_TRST0    0xde
-#define EMU_CMD_HW_TRST1    0xdf
+#define EMU_CMD_VERSION                0x01
+#define EMU_CMD_SET_SPEED              0x05
+#define EMU_CMD_GET_STATE              0x07
+#define EMU_CMD_HW_CLOCK                       0xc8
+#define EMU_CMD_HW_TMS0                        0xc9
+#define EMU_CMD_HW_TMS1                        0xca
+#define EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG2               0xce
+#define EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG3               0xcf
+#define EMU_CMD_GET_MAX_MEM_BLOCK      0xd4
+#define EMU_CMD_HW_RESET0              0xdc
+#define EMU_CMD_HW_RESET1              0xdd
+#define EMU_CMD_HW_TRST0               0xde
+#define EMU_CMD_HW_TRST1               0xdf
+#define EMU_CMD_GET_CAPS               0xe8
+#define EMU_CMD_GET_HW_VERSION 0xf0
+
+/* bits return from EMU_CMD_GET_CAPS */
+#define EMU_CAP_GET_HW_VERSION         1
+#define EMU_CAP_GET_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE     11
 
 /* max speed 12MHz v5.0 jlink */
 #define JLINK_MAX_SPEED 12000
 
 /* External interface functions */
-int jlink_execute_queue(void);
-int jlink_speed(int speed);
-int jlink_khz(int khz, int *jtag_speed);
-int jlink_register_commands(struct command_context_s *cmd_ctx);
-int jlink_init(void);
-int jlink_quit(void);
+static int jlink_execute_queue(void);
+static int jlink_speed(int speed);
+static int jlink_speed_div(int speed, int* khz);
+static int jlink_khz(int khz, int *jtag_speed);
+static int jlink_register_commands(struct command_context_s *cmd_ctx);
+static int jlink_init(void);
+static int jlink_quit(void);
 
 /* CLI command handler functions */
-int jlink_handle_jlink_info_command(struct command_context_s *cmd_ctx, char *cmd, char **args, int argc);
+static int jlink_handle_jlink_info_command(struct command_context_s *cmd_ctx, char *cmd, char **args, int argc);
+static int jlink_handle_jlink_hw_jtag_command(struct command_context_s *cmd_ctx, char *cmd, char **args, int argc);
 
 /* Queue command functions */
-void jlink_end_state(enum tap_state state);
-void jlink_state_move(void);
-void jlink_path_move(int num_states, enum tap_state *path);
-void jlink_runtest(int num_cycles);
-void jlink_scan(int ir_scan, enum scan_type type, u8 *buffer, int scan_size, scan_command_t *command);
-void jlink_reset(int trst, int srst);
-void jlink_simple_command(u8 command);
-int jlink_get_status(void);
+static void jlink_end_state(tap_state_t state);
+static void jlink_state_move(void);
+static void jlink_path_move(int num_states, tap_state_t *path);
+static void jlink_runtest(int num_cycles);
+static void jlink_scan(bool ir_scan, enum scan_type type, uint8_t *buffer, int scan_size, struct scan_command *command);
+static void jlink_reset(int trst, int srst);
+static void jlink_simple_command(uint8_t command);
+static int jlink_get_status(void);
 
 /* J-Link tap buffer functions */
-void jlink_tap_init(void);
-int jlink_tap_execute(void);
-void jlink_tap_ensure_space(int scans, int bits);
-void jlink_tap_append_step(int tms, int tdi);
-void jlink_tap_append_scan(int length, u8 *buffer, scan_command_t *command);
+static void jlink_tap_init(void);
+static int jlink_tap_execute(void);
+static void jlink_tap_ensure_space(int scans, int bits);
+static void jlink_tap_append_step(int tms, int tdi);
+static void jlink_tap_append_scan(int length, uint8_t *buffer, struct scan_command *command);
 
 /* Jlink lowlevel functions */
-typedef struct jlink_jtag
-{
+struct jlink {
        struct usb_dev_handle* usb_handle;
-} jlink_jtag_t;
+};
 
-jlink_jtag_t *jlink_usb_open(void);
-void jlink_usb_close(jlink_jtag_t *jlink_jtag);
-int jlink_usb_message(jlink_jtag_t *jlink_jtag, int out_length, int in_length);
-int jlink_usb_write(jlink_jtag_t *jlink_jtag, int out_length);
-int jlink_usb_read(jlink_jtag_t *jlink_jtag);
-int jlink_usb_read_emu_result(jlink_jtag_t *jlink_jtag);
+static struct jlink *jlink_usb_open(void);
+static void jlink_usb_close(struct jlink *jlink);
+static int jlink_usb_message(struct jlink *jlink, int out_length, int in_length);
+static int jlink_usb_write(struct jlink *jlink, int out_length);
+static int jlink_usb_read(struct jlink *jlink, int expected_size);
+static int jlink_usb_read_emu_result(struct jlink *jlink);
 
 /* helper functions */
-int jlink_get_version_info(void);
+static int jlink_get_version_info(void);
 
 #ifdef _DEBUG_USB_COMMS_
-void jlink_debug_buffer(u8 *buffer, int length);
+static void jlink_debug_buffer(uint8_t *buffer, int length);
 #endif
 
-jlink_jtag_t* jlink_jtag_handle;
+static enum tap_state jlink_last_state = TAP_RESET;
+
+static struct jlink* jlink_handle;
 
 /***************************************************************************/
 /* External interface implementation */
 
-jtag_interface_t jlink_interface =
+struct jtag_interface jlink_interface =
 {
        .name = "jlink",
        .execute_queue = jlink_execute_queue,
        .speed = jlink_speed,
+       .speed_div = jlink_speed_div,
        .khz = jlink_khz,
        .register_commands = jlink_register_commands,
        .init = jlink_init,
        .quit = jlink_quit
 };
 
-int jlink_execute_queue(void)
+static void jlink_execute_runtest(struct jtag_command *cmd)
+{
+       DEBUG_JTAG_IO("runtest %i cycles, end in %i",
+                       cmd->cmd.runtest->num_cycles,
+                       cmd->cmd.runtest->end_state);
+
+       jlink_end_state(cmd->cmd.runtest->end_state);
+
+       jlink_runtest(cmd->cmd.runtest->num_cycles);
+}
+
+static void jlink_execute_statemove(struct jtag_command *cmd)
+{
+       DEBUG_JTAG_IO("statemove end in %i", cmd->cmd.statemove->end_state);
+
+       jlink_end_state(cmd->cmd.statemove->end_state);
+       jlink_state_move();
+}
+
+static void jlink_execute_pathmove(struct jtag_command *cmd)
+{
+       DEBUG_JTAG_IO("pathmove: %i states, end in %i",
+               cmd->cmd.pathmove->num_states,
+               cmd->cmd.pathmove->path[cmd->cmd.pathmove->num_states - 1]);
+
+       jlink_path_move(cmd->cmd.pathmove->num_states,
+                       cmd->cmd.pathmove->path);
+}
+
+static void jlink_execute_scan(struct jtag_command *cmd)
 {
-       jtag_command_t *cmd = jtag_command_queue;
        int scan_size;
        enum scan_type type;
-       u8 *buffer;
-       
-       while (cmd != NULL)
-       {
-               switch (cmd->type)
-               {
-                       case JTAG_END_STATE:
-                               DEBUG_JTAG_IO("end_state: %i", cmd->cmd.end_state->end_state);
-                       
-                               if (cmd->cmd.end_state->end_state != -1)
-                               {
-                                       jlink_end_state(cmd->cmd.end_state->end_state);
-                               }
-                               break;
-       
-                       case JTAG_RUNTEST:
-                               DEBUG_JTAG_IO( "runtest %i cycles, end in %i", cmd->cmd.runtest->num_cycles, \
-                                       cmd->cmd.runtest->end_state);
-                               
-                               if (cmd->cmd.runtest->end_state != -1)
-                               {
-                                       jlink_end_state(cmd->cmd.runtest->end_state);
-                               }
-                               jlink_runtest(cmd->cmd.runtest->num_cycles);
-                               break;
-       
-                       case JTAG_STATEMOVE:
-                               DEBUG_JTAG_IO("statemove end in %i", cmd->cmd.statemove->end_state);
-                       
-                               if (cmd->cmd.statemove->end_state != -1)
-                               {
-                                       jlink_end_state(cmd->cmd.statemove->end_state);
-                               }
-                               jlink_state_move();
-                               break;
-       
-                       case JTAG_PATHMOVE:
-                               DEBUG_JTAG_IO("pathmove: %i states, end in %i", \
-                                       cmd->cmd.pathmove->num_states, \
-                                       cmd->cmd.pathmove->path[cmd->cmd.pathmove->num_states - 1]);
-                       
-                               jlink_path_move(cmd->cmd.pathmove->num_states, cmd->cmd.pathmove->path);
-                               break;
-       
-                       case JTAG_SCAN:
-                               DEBUG_JTAG_IO("scan end in %i", cmd->cmd.scan->end_state);
-                       
-                               if (cmd->cmd.scan->end_state != -1)
-                               {
-                                       jlink_end_state(cmd->cmd.scan->end_state);
-                               }
-                       
-                               scan_size = jtag_build_buffer(cmd->cmd.scan, &buffer);
-                               DEBUG_JTAG_IO("scan input, length = %d", scan_size);
-                               
+       uint8_t *buffer;
+
+       DEBUG_JTAG_IO("scan end in %s", tap_state_name(cmd->cmd.scan->end_state));
+
+       jlink_end_state(cmd->cmd.scan->end_state);
+
+       scan_size = jtag_build_buffer(cmd->cmd.scan, &buffer);
+       DEBUG_JTAG_IO("scan input, length = %d", scan_size);
+
 #ifdef _DEBUG_USB_COMMS_
-                               jlink_debug_buffer(buffer, (scan_size + 7) / 8);
+       jlink_debug_buffer(buffer, (scan_size + 7) / 8);
 #endif
-                               type = jtag_scan_type(cmd->cmd.scan);
-                               jlink_scan(cmd->cmd.scan->ir_scan, type, buffer, scan_size, cmd->cmd.scan);
-                               break;
-       
-                       case JTAG_RESET:
-                               DEBUG_JTAG_IO("reset trst: %i srst %i", cmd->cmd.reset->trst, cmd->cmd.reset->srst);
-                       
-                               jlink_tap_execute();
-                       
-                               if (cmd->cmd.reset->trst == 1)
-                               {
-                                       cur_state = TAP_TLR;
-                               }
-                               jlink_reset(cmd->cmd.reset->trst, cmd->cmd.reset->srst);
-                               break;
-       
-                       case JTAG_SLEEP:
-                               DEBUG_JTAG_IO("sleep %i", cmd->cmd.sleep->us);
-                               jlink_tap_execute();
-                               jtag_sleep(cmd->cmd.sleep->us);
-                               break;
-       
-                       default:
-                               LOG_ERROR("BUG: unknown JTAG command type encountered");
-                               exit(-1);
-               }
+       type = jtag_scan_type(cmd->cmd.scan);
+       jlink_scan(cmd->cmd.scan->ir_scan,
+                       type, buffer, scan_size, cmd->cmd.scan);
+}
+
+static void jlink_execute_reset(struct jtag_command *cmd)
+{
+       DEBUG_JTAG_IO("reset trst: %i srst %i",
+                       cmd->cmd.reset->trst, cmd->cmd.reset->srst);
+
+       jlink_tap_execute();
+       jlink_reset(cmd->cmd.reset->trst, cmd->cmd.reset->srst);
+       jlink_tap_execute();
+}
+
+static void jlink_execute_sleep(struct jtag_command *cmd)
+{
+       DEBUG_JTAG_IO("sleep %i", cmd->cmd.sleep->us);
+       jlink_tap_execute();
+       jtag_sleep(cmd->cmd.sleep->us);
+}
+
+static void jlink_execute_command(struct jtag_command *cmd)
+{
+       switch (cmd->type)
+       {
+       case JTAG_RUNTEST:   jlink_execute_runtest(cmd); break;
+       case JTAG_STATEMOVE: jlink_execute_statemove(cmd); break;
+       case JTAG_PATHMOVE:  jlink_execute_pathmove(cmd); break;
+       case JTAG_SCAN:      jlink_execute_scan(cmd); break;
+       case JTAG_RESET:     jlink_execute_reset(cmd); break;
+       case JTAG_SLEEP:     jlink_execute_sleep(cmd); break;
+       default:
+               LOG_ERROR("BUG: unknown JTAG command type encountered");
+               exit(-1);
+       }
+}
+
+static int jlink_execute_queue(void)
+{
+       struct jtag_command *cmd = jtag_command_queue;
+
+       while (cmd != NULL)
+       {
+               jlink_execute_command(cmd);
                cmd = cmd->next;
        }
-       
+
        return jlink_tap_execute();
 }
 
 /* Sets speed in kHz. */
-int jlink_speed(int speed)
+static int jlink_speed(int speed)
 {
        int result;
-       
-       if (speed <= JLINK_MAX_SPEED)
-       {
-               /* check for RTCK setting */
-               if (speed == 0)
-                       speed = -1;
-               
-               usb_out_buffer[0] = EMU_CMD_SET_SPEED;
-               usb_out_buffer[1] = (speed >> 0) & 0xff;
-               usb_out_buffer[2] = (speed >> 8) & 0xff;
-               
-               result = jlink_usb_write(jlink_jtag_handle, 3);
-               
-               if (result == 3)
-               {
-                       return ERROR_OK;
-               }
-               else
-               {
-                       LOG_ERROR("J-Link setting speed failed (%d)", result);
-                       return ERROR_JTAG_DEVICE_ERROR;
-               }
+
+       if (speed > JLINK_MAX_SPEED)
+       {
+               LOG_INFO("Ignoring speed request: %dkHz exceeds %dkHz maximum",
+                               speed, JLINK_MAX_SPEED);
+               return ERROR_OK;
        }
-       else
+
+       /* check for RTCK setting */
+       if (speed == 0)
+               speed = -1;
+
+       usb_out_buffer[0] = EMU_CMD_SET_SPEED;
+       usb_out_buffer[1] = (speed >> 0) & 0xff;
+       usb_out_buffer[2] = (speed >> 8) & 0xff;
+
+       result = jlink_usb_write(jlink_handle, 3);
+       if (result != 3)
        {
-               LOG_INFO("Requested speed %dkHz exceeds maximum of %dkHz, ignored", speed, JLINK_MAX_SPEED);
+               LOG_ERROR("J-Link setting speed failed (%d)", result);
+               return ERROR_JTAG_DEVICE_ERROR;
        }
-       
+
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-int jlink_khz(int khz, int *jtag_speed)
+static int jlink_speed_div(int speed, int* khz)
+{
+       *khz = speed;
+
+       return ERROR_OK;
+}
+
+static int jlink_khz(int khz, int *jtag_speed)
 {
        *jtag_speed = khz;
-       
+
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-int jlink_register_commands(struct command_context_s *cmd_ctx)
+static int jlink_register_commands(struct command_context_s *cmd_ctx)
 {
-       register_command(cmd_ctx, NULL, "jlink_info", jlink_handle_jlink_info_command, COMMAND_EXEC,
+
+       register_command(cmd_ctx, NULL, "jlink_info",
+               &jlink_handle_jlink_info_command, COMMAND_EXEC,
                "query jlink info");
+       register_command(cmd_ctx, NULL, "jlink_hw_jtag",
+               &jlink_handle_jlink_hw_jtag_command, COMMAND_EXEC,
+               "set/get jlink hw jtag command version [2 | 3]");
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-int jlink_init(void)
+static int jlink_init(void)
 {
-       int check_cnt;  
-       
-       jlink_jtag_handle = jlink_usb_open();
-       
-       if (jlink_jtag_handle == 0)
+       int i;
+
+       jlink_handle = jlink_usb_open();
+
+       if (jlink_handle == 0)
        {
                LOG_ERROR("Cannot find jlink Interface! Please check connection and permissions.");
                return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
        }
-               
-       check_cnt = 0;
-       while (check_cnt < 3)
-       {
-               if (jlink_get_version_info() == ERROR_OK)
-               {
-                       /* attempt to get status */
-                       jlink_get_status();
-                       break;
-               }
-               
-               check_cnt++;
-       }
 
-       if (check_cnt == 3)
+       /*
+        *  The next three instructions were added after discovering a problem while using an oscilloscope.  For the V8
+        *      SAM-ICE dongle (and likely other j-link device variants), the reset line to the target microprocessor was found to
+        *      cycle only intermittently during emulator startup (even after encountering the downstream reset instruction later
+        *      in the code).  This was found to create two issues:  1) In general it is a bad practice to not reset a CPU to a known
+        *      state when starting an emulator and 2) something critical happens inside the dongle when it does the first read
+        *      following a new USB session.  Keeping the processor in reset during the first read collecting version information
+        *      seems to prevent errant "J-Link command EMU_CMD_VERSION failed" issues.
+        */
+
+       LOG_INFO("J-Link initialization started / target CPU reset initiated");
+       jlink_simple_command(EMU_CMD_HW_TRST0);
+       jlink_simple_command(EMU_CMD_HW_RESET0);
+       usleep(1000);
+
+       jlink_hw_jtag_version = 2;
+
+       if (jlink_get_version_info() == ERROR_OK)
        {
-               LOG_INFO("J-Link initial read failed, don't worry");
+               /* attempt to get status */
+               jlink_get_status();
        }
-       
+
        LOG_INFO("J-Link JTAG Interface ready");
-       
+
        jlink_reset(0, 0);
+       jtag_sleep(3000);
        jlink_tap_init();
-       
+       jlink_speed(jtag_get_speed());
+
+       /* v5/6 jlink seems to have an issue if the first tap move
+        * is not divisible by 8, so we send a TLR on first power up */
+       for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+               jlink_tap_append_step(1, 0);
+       }
+       jlink_tap_execute();
+
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-int jlink_quit(void)
+static int jlink_quit(void)
 {
-       jlink_usb_close(jlink_jtag_handle);
+       jlink_usb_close(jlink_handle);
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
 /***************************************************************************/
 /* Queue command implementations */
 
-void jlink_end_state(enum tap_state state)
+static void jlink_end_state(tap_state_t state)
 {
-       if (tap_move_map[state] != -1)
+       if (tap_is_state_stable(state))
        {
-               end_state = state;
+               tap_set_end_state(state);
        }
        else
        {
@@ -342,524 +377,702 @@ void jlink_end_state(enum tap_state state)
 }
 
 /* Goes to the end state. */
-void jlink_state_move(void)
+static void jlink_state_move(void)
 {
        int i;
        int tms = 0;
-       u8 tms_scan = TAP_MOVE(cur_state, end_state);
-       
-       for (i = 0; i < 7; i++)
+       uint8_t tms_scan = tap_get_tms_path(tap_get_state(), tap_get_end_state());
+       uint8_t tms_scan_bits = tap_get_tms_path_len(tap_get_state(), tap_get_end_state());
+
+       for (i = 0; i < tms_scan_bits; i++)
        {
                tms = (tms_scan >> i) & 1;
                jlink_tap_append_step(tms, 0);
        }
-       
-       cur_state = end_state;
+
+       tap_set_state(tap_get_end_state());
 }
 
-void jlink_path_move(int num_states, enum tap_state *path)
+static void jlink_path_move(int num_states, tap_state_t *path)
 {
        int i;
-       
+
        for (i = 0; i < num_states; i++)
        {
-               if (path[i] == tap_transitions[cur_state].low)
+               if (path[i] == tap_state_transition(tap_get_state(), false))
                {
                        jlink_tap_append_step(0, 0);
                }
-               else if (path[i] == tap_transitions[cur_state].high)
+               else if (path[i] == tap_state_transition(tap_get_state(), true))
                {
                        jlink_tap_append_step(1, 0);
                }
                else
                {
-                       LOG_ERROR("BUG: %s -> %s isn't a valid TAP transition", tap_state_strings[cur_state], tap_state_strings[path[i]]);
+                       LOG_ERROR("BUG: %s -> %s isn't a valid TAP transition", tap_state_name(tap_get_state()), tap_state_name(path[i]));
                        exit(-1);
                }
-               
-               cur_state = path[i];
+
+               tap_set_state(path[i]);
        }
-       
-       end_state = cur_state;
+
+       tap_set_end_state(tap_get_state());
 }
 
-void jlink_runtest(int num_cycles)
+static void jlink_runtest(int num_cycles)
 {
        int i;
-       
-       enum tap_state saved_end_state = end_state;
-       
-       /* only do a state_move when we're not already in RTI */
-       if (cur_state != TAP_RTI)
+
+       tap_state_t saved_end_state = tap_get_end_state();
+
+       jlink_tap_ensure_space(1,num_cycles + 16);
+
+       /* only do a state_move when we're not already in IDLE */
+       if (tap_get_state() != TAP_IDLE)
        {
-               jlink_end_state(TAP_RTI);
+               jlink_end_state(TAP_IDLE);
                jlink_state_move();
+//             num_cycles--;
        }
-       
+
        /* execute num_cycles */
        for (i = 0; i < num_cycles; i++)
        {
                jlink_tap_append_step(0, 0);
        }
-       
+
        /* finish in end_state */
        jlink_end_state(saved_end_state);
-       if (cur_state != end_state)
+       if (tap_get_state() != tap_get_end_state())
        {
                jlink_state_move();
        }
 }
 
-void jlink_scan(int ir_scan, enum scan_type type, u8 *buffer, int scan_size, scan_command_t *command)
+static void jlink_scan(bool ir_scan, enum scan_type type, uint8_t *buffer, int scan_size, struct scan_command *command)
 {
-       enum tap_state saved_end_state;
-       
-       jlink_tap_ensure_space(1, scan_size + 8);
-       
-       saved_end_state = end_state;
-       
+       tap_state_t saved_end_state;
+
+       jlink_tap_ensure_space(1, scan_size + 16);
+
+       saved_end_state = tap_get_end_state();
+
        /* Move to appropriate scan state */
-       jlink_end_state(ir_scan ? TAP_SI : TAP_SD);
-       
-       jlink_state_move();
+       jlink_end_state(ir_scan ? TAP_IRSHIFT : TAP_DRSHIFT);
+
+       /* Only move if we're not already there */
+       if (tap_get_state() != tap_get_end_state())
+               jlink_state_move();
+
        jlink_end_state(saved_end_state);
-       
+
        /* Scan */
        jlink_tap_append_scan(scan_size, buffer, command);
-       
+
        /* We are in Exit1, go to Pause */
        jlink_tap_append_step(0, 0);
-       
-       cur_state = ir_scan ? TAP_PI : TAP_PD;
-       
-       if (cur_state != end_state)
+
+       tap_set_state(ir_scan ? TAP_IRPAUSE : TAP_DRPAUSE);
+
+       if (tap_get_state() != tap_get_end_state())
        {
                jlink_state_move();
        }
 }
 
-void jlink_reset(int trst, int srst)
+static void jlink_reset(int trst, int srst)
 {
        LOG_DEBUG("trst: %i, srst: %i", trst, srst);
-       
+
        /* Signals are active low */
        if (srst == 0)
        {
                jlink_simple_command(EMU_CMD_HW_RESET1);
        }
-       else if (srst == 1)
+       if (srst == 1)
        {
                jlink_simple_command(EMU_CMD_HW_RESET0);
        }
-       
-       if (trst == 0)
+
+       if (trst == 1)
        {
-               jlink_simple_command(EMU_CMD_HW_TRST1);
+               jlink_simple_command(EMU_CMD_HW_TRST0);
        }
-       else if (trst == 1)
+
+       if (trst == 0)
        {
-               jlink_simple_command(EMU_CMD_HW_TRST0);
+               jlink_simple_command(EMU_CMD_HW_TRST1);
        }
 }
 
-void jlink_simple_command(u8 command)
+static void jlink_simple_command(uint8_t command)
 {
        int result;
-       
+
        DEBUG_JTAG_IO("0x%02x", command);
-       
+
        usb_out_buffer[0] = command;
-       result = jlink_usb_write(jlink_jtag_handle, 1);
-       
+       result = jlink_usb_write(jlink_handle, 1);
+
        if (result != 1)
        {
                LOG_ERROR("J-Link command 0x%02x failed (%d)", command, result);
        }
 }
 
-int jlink_get_status(void)
+static int jlink_get_status(void)
 {
        int result;
-       
+
        jlink_simple_command(EMU_CMD_GET_STATE);
-       result = jlink_usb_read(jlink_jtag_handle);
-       
-       if (result == 8)
-       {
-               int vref = usb_in_buffer[0] + (usb_in_buffer[1] << 8);
-               LOG_INFO("Vref = %d.%d TCK = %d TDI = %d TDO = %d TMS = %d SRST = %d TRST = %d\n", \
-                       vref / 1000, vref % 1000, \
-                       usb_in_buffer[2], usb_in_buffer[3], usb_in_buffer[4], \
-                       usb_in_buffer[5], usb_in_buffer[6], usb_in_buffer[7]);
-               
-               if (vref < 1500)
-               {
-                       LOG_ERROR("Vref too low. Check Target Power\n");
-               }
-       }
-       else
+
+       result = jlink_usb_read(jlink_handle, 8);
+       if (result != 8)
        {
                LOG_ERROR("J-Link command EMU_CMD_GET_STATE failed (%d)\n", result);
+               return ERROR_JTAG_DEVICE_ERROR;
        }
-       
+
+       int vref = usb_in_buffer[0] + (usb_in_buffer[1] << 8);
+       LOG_INFO("Vref = %d.%d TCK = %d TDI = %d TDO = %d TMS = %d SRST = %d TRST = %d\n", \
+               vref / 1000, vref % 1000, \
+               usb_in_buffer[2], usb_in_buffer[3], usb_in_buffer[4], \
+               usb_in_buffer[5], usb_in_buffer[6], usb_in_buffer[7]);
+
+       if (vref < 1500)
+               LOG_ERROR("Vref too low. Check Target Power\n");
+
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-int jlink_get_version_info(void)
+static int jlink_get_version_info(void)
 {
        int result;
-       int len = 0;
-       
+       int len;
+       uint32_t jlink_caps, jlink_max_size;
+
        /* query hardware version */
        jlink_simple_command(EMU_CMD_VERSION);
-       result = jlink_usb_read(jlink_jtag_handle);
-       
-       if (result == 2)
-       {
-               len = buf_get_u32(usb_in_buffer, 0, 16);
-               result = jlink_usb_read(jlink_jtag_handle);
-               
-               if (result == len)
+
+       result = jlink_usb_read(jlink_handle, 2);
+       if (2 != result)
+       {
+               LOG_ERROR("J-Link command EMU_CMD_VERSION failed (%d)\n", result);
+               return ERROR_JTAG_DEVICE_ERROR;
+       }
+
+       len = buf_get_u32(usb_in_buffer, 0, 16);
+       if (len > JLINK_IN_BUFFER_SIZE)
+       {
+               LOG_ERROR("J-Link command EMU_CMD_VERSION impossible return length 0x%0x", len);
+               len = JLINK_IN_BUFFER_SIZE;
+       }
+
+       result = jlink_usb_read(jlink_handle, len);
+       if (result != len)
+       {
+               LOG_ERROR("J-Link command EMU_CMD_VERSION failed (%d)\n", result);
+               return ERROR_JTAG_DEVICE_ERROR;
+       }
+
+       usb_in_buffer[result] = 0;
+       LOG_INFO("%s", (char *)usb_in_buffer);
+
+       /* query hardware capabilities */
+       jlink_simple_command(EMU_CMD_GET_CAPS);
+
+       result = jlink_usb_read(jlink_handle, 4);
+       if (4 != result)
+       {
+               LOG_ERROR("J-Link command EMU_CMD_GET_CAPS failed (%d)\n", result);
+               return ERROR_JTAG_DEVICE_ERROR;
+       }
+
+       jlink_caps = buf_get_u32(usb_in_buffer, 0, 32);
+       LOG_INFO("JLink caps 0x%x", (unsigned)jlink_caps);
+
+       if (jlink_caps & (1 << EMU_CAP_GET_HW_VERSION))
+       {
+               /* query hardware version */
+               jlink_simple_command(EMU_CMD_GET_HW_VERSION);
+
+               result = jlink_usb_read(jlink_handle, 4);
+               if (4 != result)
                {
-                       usb_in_buffer[result] = 0;
-                       LOG_INFO(usb_in_buffer);
-                       return ERROR_OK;
+                       LOG_ERROR("J-Link command EMU_CMD_GET_HW_VERSION failed (%d)\n", result);
+                       return ERROR_JTAG_DEVICE_ERROR;
                }
+
+               uint32_t jlink_hw_version = buf_get_u32(usb_in_buffer, 0, 32);
+               uint32_t major_revision = (jlink_hw_version / 10000) % 100;
+               if (major_revision >= 5)
+                       jlink_hw_jtag_version = 3;
+
+               LOG_INFO("JLink hw version %i", (int)jlink_hw_version);
+       }
+
+       if (jlink_caps & (1 << EMU_CAP_GET_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE))
+       {
+               /* query hardware maximum memory block */
+               jlink_simple_command(EMU_CMD_GET_MAX_MEM_BLOCK);
+
+               result = jlink_usb_read(jlink_handle, 4);
+               if (4 != result)
+               {
+                       LOG_ERROR("J-Link command EMU_CMD_GET_MAX_MEM_BLOCK failed (%d)\n", result);
+                       return ERROR_JTAG_DEVICE_ERROR;
+               }
+
+               jlink_max_size = buf_get_u32(usb_in_buffer, 0, 32);
+               LOG_INFO("JLink max mem block %i", (int)jlink_max_size);
        }
-       
-       LOG_ERROR("J-Link command EMU_CMD_VERSION failed (%d)\n", result);
-       return ERROR_JTAG_DEVICE_ERROR;
+
+       return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-int jlink_handle_jlink_info_command(struct command_context_s *cmd_ctx, char *cmd, char **args, int argc)
+static int jlink_handle_jlink_info_command(struct command_context_s *cmd_ctx, char *cmd, char **args, int argc)
 {
        if (jlink_get_version_info() == ERROR_OK)
        {
                /* attempt to get status */
                jlink_get_status();
        }
-       
+
+       return ERROR_OK;
+}
+
+static int jlink_handle_jlink_hw_jtag_command(struct command_context_s *cmd_ctx, char *cmd, char **args, int argc)
+{
+       switch (argc) {
+       case 0:
+               command_print(cmd_ctx, "jlink hw jtag  %i", jlink_hw_jtag_version);
+               break;
+       case 1: {
+               int request_version = atoi(args[0]);
+               switch (request_version) {
+               case 2: case 3:
+                       jlink_hw_jtag_version = request_version;
+                       break;
+               default:
+                       return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
+               }
+               break;
+       }
+       default:
+               return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
+       }
+
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
 /***************************************************************************/
 /* J-Link tap functions */
 
-/* 2048 is the max value we can use here */
-#define JLINK_TAP_BUFFER_SIZE 2048
 
-static int tap_length;
-static u8 tms_buffer[JLINK_TAP_BUFFER_SIZE];
-static u8 tdi_buffer[JLINK_TAP_BUFFER_SIZE];
-static u8 tdo_buffer[JLINK_TAP_BUFFER_SIZE];
+static unsigned tap_length = 0;
+static uint8_t tms_buffer[JLINK_TAP_BUFFER_SIZE];
+static uint8_t tdi_buffer[JLINK_TAP_BUFFER_SIZE];
+static uint8_t tdo_buffer[JLINK_TAP_BUFFER_SIZE];
 
-typedef struct
-{
+struct pending_scan_result {
        int first;      /* First bit position in tdo_buffer to read */
        int length; /* Number of bits to read */
-       scan_command_t *command; /* Corresponding scan command */
-       u8 *buffer;
-} pending_scan_result_t;
+       struct scan_command *command; /* Corresponding scan command */
+       uint8_t *buffer;
+};
 
 #define MAX_PENDING_SCAN_RESULTS 256
 
 static int pending_scan_results_length;
-static pending_scan_result_t pending_scan_results_buffer[MAX_PENDING_SCAN_RESULTS];
+static struct pending_scan_result pending_scan_results_buffer[MAX_PENDING_SCAN_RESULTS];
 
-static int last_tms;
-
-void jlink_tap_init(void)
+static void jlink_tap_init(void)
 {
        tap_length = 0;
        pending_scan_results_length = 0;
 }
 
-void jlink_tap_ensure_space(int scans, int bits)
+static void jlink_tap_ensure_space(int scans, int bits)
 {
        int available_scans = MAX_PENDING_SCAN_RESULTS - pending_scan_results_length;
-       int available_bits = JLINK_TAP_BUFFER_SIZE * 8 - tap_length;
-       
+       int available_bits = JLINK_TAP_BUFFER_SIZE * 8 - tap_length - 32;
+
        if (scans > available_scans || bits > available_bits)
        {
                jlink_tap_execute();
        }
 }
 
-void jlink_tap_append_step(int tms, int tdi)
+static void jlink_tap_append_step(int tms, int tdi)
 {
-       last_tms = tms;
        int index = tap_length / 8;
-       
-       if (index < JLINK_TAP_BUFFER_SIZE)
+
+       if (index >= JLINK_TAP_BUFFER_SIZE)
        {
-               int bit_index = tap_length % 8;
-               u8 bit = 1 << bit_index;
-               
-               if (tms)
-               {
-                       tms_buffer[index] |= bit;
-               }
-               else
-               {
-                       tms_buffer[index] &= ~bit;
-               }
-               
-               if (tdi)
-               {
-                       tdi_buffer[index] |= bit;
-               }
-               else
-               {
-                       tdi_buffer[index] &= ~bit;
-               }
-               
-               tap_length++;
+               LOG_ERROR("jlink_tap_append_step: overflow");
+               *(uint32_t *)0xFFFFFFFF = 0;
+               exit(-1);
        }
-       else
+
+       int bit_index = tap_length % 8;
+       uint8_t bit = 1 << bit_index;
+
+       // we do not pad TMS, so be sure to initialize all bits
+       if (0 == bit_index)
        {
-               LOG_ERROR("jlink_tap_append_step, overflow");
+               tms_buffer[index] = tdi_buffer[index] = 0;
        }
+
+       if (tms)
+               tms_buffer[index] |= bit;
+       else
+               tms_buffer[index] &= ~bit;
+
+       if (tdi)
+               tdi_buffer[index] |= bit;
+       else
+               tdi_buffer[index] &= ~bit;
+
+       tap_length++;
 }
 
-void jlink_tap_append_scan(int length, u8 *buffer, scan_command_t *command)
+static void jlink_tap_append_scan(int length, uint8_t *buffer, struct scan_command *command)
 {
-       pending_scan_result_t *pending_scan_result = &pending_scan_results_buffer[pending_scan_results_length];
+       struct pending_scan_result *pending_scan_result =
+               &pending_scan_results_buffer[pending_scan_results_length];
        int i;
-       
+
        pending_scan_result->first = tap_length;
        pending_scan_result->length = length;
        pending_scan_result->command = command;
        pending_scan_result->buffer = buffer;
-       
+
        for (i = 0; i < length; i++)
        {
-               jlink_tap_append_step((i < length-1 ? 0 : 1), (buffer[i/8] >> (i%8)) & 1);
+               int tms = (i < (length - 1)) ? 0 : 1;
+               int tdi = (buffer[i / 8] & (1 << (i % 8))) != 0;
+               jlink_tap_append_step(tms, tdi);
        }
        pending_scan_results_length++;
 }
 
 /* Pad and send a tap sequence to the device, and receive the answer.
  * For the purpose of padding we assume that we are in idle or pause state. */
-int jlink_tap_execute(void)
+static int jlink_tap_execute(void)
 {
        int byte_length;
-       int tms_offset;
-       int tdi_offset;
        int i;
        int result;
-       
-       if (tap_length > 0)
+
+       if (!tap_length)
+               return ERROR_OK;
+
+       /* JLink returns an extra NULL in packet when size of in message is a multiple of 64, creates problems with usb comms */
+       /* WARNING This will interfere with tap state counting */
+       while ((TAP_SCAN_BYTES(tap_length)%64) == 0)
        {
-               /* Pad last byte so that tap_length is divisible by 8 */
-               while (tap_length % 8 != 0)
-               {
-                       /* More of the last TMS value keeps us in the same state,
-                        * analogous to free-running JTAG interfaces. */
-                       jlink_tap_append_step(last_tms, 0);
-               }
-       
-               byte_length = tap_length / 8;
-       
-               usb_out_buffer[0] = EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG3;
-               usb_out_buffer[1] = 0;
-               usb_out_buffer[2] = (tap_length >> 0) & 0xff;
-               usb_out_buffer[3] = (tap_length >> 8) & 0xff;
-       
-               tms_offset = 4;
-               for (i = 0; i < byte_length; i++)
-               {
-                       usb_out_buffer[tms_offset + i] = tms_buffer[i];
-               }
-               
-               tdi_offset = tms_offset + byte_length;
-               for (i = 0; i < byte_length; i++)
-               {
-                       usb_out_buffer[tdi_offset + i] = tdi_buffer[i];
-               }
-       
-               result = jlink_usb_message(jlink_jtag_handle, 4 + 2 * byte_length, byte_length);
-       
-               if (result == byte_length)
-               {
-                       for (i = 0; i < byte_length; i++)
-                       {
-                               tdo_buffer[i] = usb_in_buffer[i];
-                       }
-                       
-                       for (i = 0; i < pending_scan_results_length; i++)
-                       {
-                               pending_scan_result_t *pending_scan_result = &pending_scan_results_buffer[i];
-                               u8 *buffer = pending_scan_result->buffer;
-                               int length = pending_scan_result->length;
-                               int first = pending_scan_result->first;
-                               scan_command_t *command = pending_scan_result->command;
-       
-                               /* Copy to buffer */
-                               buf_set_buf(tdo_buffer, first, buffer, 0, length);
-       
-                               DEBUG_JTAG_IO("pending scan result, length = %d", length);
-                               
+               jlink_tap_append_step((tap_get_state() == TAP_RESET)?1:0, 0);
+       }
+
+       // number of full bytes (plus one if some would be left over)
+       byte_length = TAP_SCAN_BYTES(tap_length);
+
+       bool use_jtag3 = jlink_hw_jtag_version >= 3;
+       usb_out_buffer[0] = use_jtag3 ? EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG3 : EMU_CMD_HW_JTAG2;
+       usb_out_buffer[1] = 0;
+       usb_out_buffer[2] = (tap_length >> 0) & 0xff;
+       usb_out_buffer[3] = (tap_length >> 8) & 0xff;
+       memcpy(usb_out_buffer + 4, tms_buffer, byte_length);
+       memcpy(usb_out_buffer + 4 + byte_length, tdi_buffer, byte_length);
+
+       jlink_last_state = jtag_debug_state_machine(tms_buffer, tdi_buffer,
+                       tap_length, jlink_last_state);
+
+       result = jlink_usb_message(jlink_handle, 4 + 2 * byte_length, byte_length);
+       if (result != byte_length)
+       {
+               LOG_ERROR("jlink_tap_execute, wrong result %d (expected %d)", result, byte_length);
+               jlink_tap_init();
+               return ERROR_JTAG_QUEUE_FAILED;
+       }
+
+       memcpy(tdo_buffer, usb_in_buffer, byte_length);
+
+       for (i = 0; i < pending_scan_results_length; i++)
+       {
+               struct pending_scan_result *pending_scan_result = &pending_scan_results_buffer[i];
+               uint8_t *buffer = pending_scan_result->buffer;
+               int length = pending_scan_result->length;
+               int first = pending_scan_result->first;
+               struct scan_command *command = pending_scan_result->command;
+
+               /* Copy to buffer */
+               buf_set_buf(tdo_buffer, first, buffer, 0, length);
+
+               DEBUG_JTAG_IO("pending scan result, length = %d", length);
+
 #ifdef _DEBUG_USB_COMMS_
-                               jlink_debug_buffer(buffer, byte_length);
+               jlink_debug_buffer(buffer, TAP_SCAN_BYTES(length));
 #endif
-       
-                               if (jtag_read_buffer(buffer, command) != ERROR_OK)
-                               {
-                                       jlink_tap_init();
-                                       return ERROR_JTAG_QUEUE_FAILED;
-                               }
-               
-                               if (pending_scan_result->buffer != NULL)
-                               {
-                                       free(pending_scan_result->buffer);
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
-               else
+
+               if (jtag_read_buffer(buffer, command) != ERROR_OK)
                {
-                       LOG_ERROR("jlink_tap_execute, wrong result %d, expected %d", result, byte_length);
+                       jlink_tap_init();
                        return ERROR_JTAG_QUEUE_FAILED;
                }
-               
-               jlink_tap_init();
+
+               if (pending_scan_result->buffer != NULL)
+               {
+                       free(pending_scan_result->buffer);
+               }
        }
-       
+
+       jlink_tap_init();
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-/*****************************************************************************/
-/* JLink USB low-level functions */
-
-jlink_jtag_t* jlink_usb_open()
+static struct usb_device* find_jlink_device(void)
 {
        struct usb_bus *busses;
        struct usb_bus *bus;
        struct usb_device *dev;
-       
-       jlink_jtag_t *result;
-       
-       result = (jlink_jtag_t*) malloc(sizeof(jlink_jtag_t));
-       
-       usb_init();
+
        usb_find_busses();
        usb_find_devices();
-       
+
        busses = usb_get_busses();
-       
-       /* find jlink_jtag device in usb bus */
-       
+
+       /* find jlink device in usb bus */
+
        for (bus = busses; bus; bus = bus->next)
        {
                for (dev = bus->devices; dev; dev = dev->next)
                {
-                       if ((dev->descriptor.idVendor == VID) && (dev->descriptor.idProduct == PID))
-                       {
-                               result->usb_handle = usb_open(dev);
-                               
-                               /* usb_set_configuration required under win32 */
-                               usb_set_configuration(result->usb_handle, dev->config[0].bConfigurationValue);
-                               usb_claim_interface(result->usb_handle, 0);
-                               
+                       if ((dev->descriptor.idVendor == VID) && (dev->descriptor.idProduct == PID)) {
+                               return dev;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+/* JLink USB low-level functions */
+
+static struct jlink* jlink_usb_open()
+{
+       struct usb_device *dev;
+
+       struct jlink *result;
+
+       result = (struct jlink*) malloc(sizeof(struct jlink));
+
+       usb_init();
+
+       if ((dev = find_jlink_device()) == NULL) {
+               free(result);
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
+       result->usb_handle = usb_open(dev);
+
+       if (result->usb_handle)
+       {
+
+               /* BE ***VERY CAREFUL*** ABOUT MAKING CHANGES IN THIS AREA!!!!!!!!!!!
+                * The behavior of libusb is not completely consistent across Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X platforms.  The actions taken
+                * in the following compiler conditionals may not agree with published documentation for libusb, but were found
+                * to be necessary through trials and tribulations.  Even little tweaks can break one or more platforms, so if you do make changes
+                * test them carefully on all platforms before committing them!
+                */
+
+#if IS_WIN32 == 0
+
+               usb_reset(result->usb_handle);
+
+#if IS_DARWIN == 0
+
+               int timeout = 5;
+
+               /* reopen jlink after usb_reset
+                * on win32 this may take a second or two to re-enumerate */
+               while ((dev = find_jlink_device()) == NULL)
+               {
+                       usleep(1000);
+                       timeout--;
+                       if (!timeout) {
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               if (dev == NULL)
+               {
+                       free(result);
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+
+               result->usb_handle = usb_open(dev);
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+               if (result->usb_handle)
+               {
+                       /* usb_set_configuration required under win32 */
+                       usb_set_configuration(result->usb_handle, dev->config[0].bConfigurationValue);
+                       usb_claim_interface(result->usb_handle, 0);
+
 #if 0
-                               /* 
-                                * This makes problems under Mac OS X. And is not needed
-                                * under Windows. Hopefully this will not break a linux build
-                                */
-                               usb_set_altinterface(result->usb_handle, 0);
-#endif                         
-                               return result;
+                       /*
+                        * This makes problems under Mac OS X. And is not needed
+                        * under Windows. Hopefully this will not break a linux build
+                        */
+                       usb_set_altinterface(result->usb_handle, 0);
+#endif
+                       struct usb_interface *iface = dev->config->interface;
+                       struct usb_interface_descriptor *desc = iface->altsetting;
+                       for (int i = 0; i < desc->bNumEndpoints; i++)
+                       {
+                               uint8_t epnum = desc->endpoint[i].bEndpointAddress;
+                               bool is_input = epnum & 0x80;
+                               LOG_DEBUG("usb ep %s %02x", is_input ? "in" : "out", epnum);
+                               if (is_input)
+                                       jlink_read_ep = epnum;
+                               else
+                                       jlink_write_ep = epnum;
                        }
+
+                       return result;
                }
        }
-       
+
        free(result);
        return NULL;
 }
 
-void jlink_usb_close(jlink_jtag_t *jlink_jtag)
+static void jlink_usb_close(struct jlink *jlink)
 {
-       usb_close(jlink_jtag->usb_handle);
-       free(jlink_jtag);
+       usb_close(jlink->usb_handle);
+       free(jlink);
 }
 
 /* Send a message and receive the reply. */
-int jlink_usb_message(jlink_jtag_t *jlink_jtag, int out_length, int in_length)
+static int jlink_usb_message(struct jlink *jlink, int out_length, int in_length)
 {
        int result;
-       int result2;
-       
-       result = jlink_usb_write(jlink_jtag, out_length);
-       if (result == out_length)
+
+       result = jlink_usb_write(jlink, out_length);
+       if (result != out_length)
        {
-               result = jlink_usb_read(jlink_jtag);
-               if (result == in_length || result == in_length+1)
+               LOG_ERROR("usb_bulk_write failed (requested=%d, result=%d)",
+                               out_length, result);
+               return ERROR_JTAG_DEVICE_ERROR;
+       }
+
+       result = jlink_usb_read(jlink, in_length);
+       if ((result != in_length) && (result != (in_length + 1)))
+       {
+               LOG_ERROR("usb_bulk_read failed (requested=%d, result=%d)",
+                               in_length, result);
+               return ERROR_JTAG_DEVICE_ERROR;
+       }
+
+       if (jlink_hw_jtag_version < 3)
+               return result;
+
+       int result2 = ERROR_OK;
+       if (result == in_length)
+       {
+               /* Must read the result from the EMU too */
+               result2 = jlink_usb_read_emu_result(jlink);
+               if (1 != result2)
                {
-                       if (result == in_length)
+                       LOG_ERROR("jlink_usb_read_emu_result retried requested = 1, result=%d, in_length=%i", result2,in_length);
+                       /* Try again once, should only happen if (in_length%64 == 0) */
+                       result2 = jlink_usb_read_emu_result(jlink);
+                       if (1 != result2)
                        {
-                               /* Must read the result from the EMU too */
-                               result2 = jlink_usb_read_emu_result(jlink_jtag);
-                               if (1 == result2)
-                               {
-                                       /* Check the result itself */
-                                       if (0 == usb_emu_result_buffer[0])
-                                       {
-                                               return result;
-                                       }
-                                       else
-                                       {
-                                               LOG_ERROR("jlink_usb_read_emu_result (requested=0, result=%d)", usb_emu_result_buffer[0]);
-                                               return -1;                              
-                                       }
-                               }
-                               else
-                               {
-                                       LOG_ERROR("jlink_usb_read_emu_result len (requested=1, result=%d)", result2);
-                                       return -1;
-                               }
+                               LOG_ERROR("jlink_usb_read_emu_result failed "
+                                       "(requested = 1, result=%d)", result2);
+                               return ERROR_JTAG_DEVICE_ERROR;
                        }
-                       else
-                       {
-                               /* Check the result itself */
-                               if (0 == usb_in_buffer[result-1])
-                               {
-                                       return result-1;
-                               }
-                               else
-                               {
-                                       LOG_ERROR("jlink_usb_read_emu_result (requested=0, result=%d)", usb_in_buffer[result]);
-                                       return -1;                              
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
-               else
-               {
-                       LOG_ERROR("usb_bulk_read failed (requested=%d, result=%d)", in_length, result);
-                       return -1;
                }
+
+               /* Check the result itself */
+               result2 = usb_emu_result_buffer[0];
        }
        else
        {
-               LOG_ERROR("usb_bulk_write failed (requested=%d, result=%d)", out_length, result);
-               return -1;
+               /* Save the result, then remove it from return value */
+               result2 = usb_in_buffer[result--];
        }
+
+       if (result2)
+       {
+               LOG_ERROR("jlink_usb_message failed with result=%d)", result2);
+               return ERROR_JTAG_DEVICE_ERROR;
+       }
+
+       return result;
+}
+
+/* calls the given usb_bulk_* function, allowing for the data to trickle in with some timeouts  */
+static int usb_bulk_with_retries(
+               int (*f)(usb_dev_handle *, int, char *, int, int),
+               usb_dev_handle *dev, int ep,
+               char *bytes, int size, int timeout)
+{
+       int tries = 3, count = 0;
+
+       while (tries && (count < size))
+       {
+               int result = f(dev, ep, bytes + count, size - count, timeout);
+               if (result > 0)
+                       count += result;
+               else if ((-ETIMEDOUT != result) || !--tries)
+                       return result;
+       }
+       return count;
+}
+
+static int wrap_usb_bulk_write(usb_dev_handle *dev, int ep,
+                              char *buff, int size, int timeout)
+{
+       /* usb_bulk_write() takes const char *buff */
+       return usb_bulk_write(dev, ep, buff, size, timeout);
+}
+
+static inline int usb_bulk_write_ex(usb_dev_handle *dev, int ep,
+               char *bytes, int size, int timeout)
+{
+       return usb_bulk_with_retries(&wrap_usb_bulk_write,
+                       dev, ep, bytes, size, timeout);
+}
+
+static inline int usb_bulk_read_ex(usb_dev_handle *dev, int ep,
+               char *bytes, int size, int timeout)
+{
+       return usb_bulk_with_retries(&usb_bulk_read,
+                       dev, ep, bytes, size, timeout);
 }
 
 /* Write data from out_buffer to USB. */
-int jlink_usb_write(jlink_jtag_t *jlink_jtag, int out_length)
+static int jlink_usb_write(struct jlink *jlink, int out_length)
 {
        int result;
-       
+
        if (out_length > JLINK_OUT_BUFFER_SIZE)
        {
-               LOG_ERROR("jlink_jtag_write illegal out_length=%d (max=%d)", out_length, JLINK_OUT_BUFFER_SIZE);
+               LOG_ERROR("jlink_write illegal out_length=%d (max=%d)", out_length, JLINK_OUT_BUFFER_SIZE);
                return -1;
        }
-       
-       result = usb_bulk_write(jlink_jtag->usb_handle, JLINK_WRITE_ENDPOINT, \
-               usb_out_buffer, out_length, JLINK_USB_TIMEOUT);
-       
+
+       result = usb_bulk_write_ex(jlink->usb_handle, jlink_write_ep,
+               (char *)usb_out_buffer, out_length, JLINK_USB_TIMEOUT);
+
        DEBUG_JTAG_IO("jlink_usb_write, out_length = %d, result = %d", out_length, result);
-       
+
 #ifdef _DEBUG_USB_COMMS_
        jlink_debug_buffer(usb_out_buffer, out_length);
 #endif
@@ -867,13 +1080,13 @@ int jlink_usb_write(jlink_jtag_t *jlink_jtag, int out_length)
 }
 
 /* Read data from USB into in_buffer. */
-int jlink_usb_read(jlink_jtag_t *jlink_jtag)
+static int jlink_usb_read(struct jlink *jlink, int expected_size)
 {
-       int result = usb_bulk_read(jlink_jtag->usb_handle, JLINK_READ_ENDPOINT, \
-               usb_in_buffer, JLINK_IN_BUFFER_SIZE, JLINK_USB_TIMEOUT);
+       int result = usb_bulk_read_ex(jlink->usb_handle, jlink_read_ep,
+               (char *)usb_in_buffer, expected_size, JLINK_USB_TIMEOUT);
 
        DEBUG_JTAG_IO("jlink_usb_read, result = %d", result);
-       
+
 #ifdef _DEBUG_USB_COMMS_
        jlink_debug_buffer(usb_in_buffer, result);
 #endif
@@ -881,13 +1094,14 @@ int jlink_usb_read(jlink_jtag_t *jlink_jtag)
 }
 
 /* Read the result from the previous EMU cmd into result_buffer. */
-int jlink_usb_read_emu_result(jlink_jtag_t *jlink_jtag)
+static int jlink_usb_read_emu_result(struct jlink *jlink)
 {
-       int result = usb_bulk_read(jlink_jtag->usb_handle, JLINK_READ_ENDPOINT, \
-               usb_emu_result_buffer, JLINK_EMU_RESULT_BUFFER_SIZE, JLINK_USB_TIMEOUT);
+       int result = usb_bulk_read_ex(jlink->usb_handle, jlink_read_ep,
+               (char *)usb_emu_result_buffer, 1 /* JLINK_EMU_RESULT_BUFFER_SIZE */,
+               JLINK_USB_TIMEOUT);
 
        DEBUG_JTAG_IO("jlink_usb_read_result, result = %d", result);
-       
+
 #ifdef _DEBUG_USB_COMMS_
        jlink_debug_buffer(usb_emu_result_buffer, result);
 #endif
@@ -897,13 +1111,13 @@ int jlink_usb_read_emu_result(jlink_jtag_t *jlink_jtag)
 #ifdef _DEBUG_USB_COMMS_
 #define BYTES_PER_LINE  16
 
-void jlink_debug_buffer(u8 *buffer, int length)
+static void jlink_debug_buffer(uint8_t *buffer, int length)
 {
        char line[81];
        char s[4];
        int i;
        int j;
-       
+
        for (i = 0; i < length; i += BYTES_PER_LINE)
        {
                snprintf(line, 5, "%04x", i);
@@ -912,7 +1126,8 @@ void jlink_debug_buffer(u8 *buffer, int length)
                        snprintf(s, 4, " %02x", buffer[j]);
                        strcat(line, s);
                }
-               LOG_DEBUG(line);
+               LOG_DEBUG("%s", line);
        }
 }
 #endif
+