openocd: fix SPDX tag format for files .c
[fw/openocd] / src / jtag / aice / aice_usb.c
index 30509d3b2c03d1d8c6f96204797fe5e75cff56dc..b5d0f0b6e48777ad3fe248eb783d1f7d5aa245c6 100644 (file)
@@ -1,27 +1,15 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
 /***************************************************************************
  *   Copyright (C) 2013 by Andes Technology                                *
  *   Hsiangkai Wang <hkwang@andestech.com>                                 *
- *                                                                         *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify  *
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by  *
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or     *
- *   (at your option) any later version.                                   *
- *                                                                         *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,       *
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of        *
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the         *
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.                          *
- *                                                                         *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License     *
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the                         *
- *   Free Software Foundation, Inc.,                                       *
- *   51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.           *
  ***************************************************************************/
 #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
 #include "config.h"
 #endif
 
-#include <jtag/drivers/libusb_common.h>
+#include <helper/system.h>
+#include <jtag/drivers/libusb_helper.h>
 #include <helper/log.h>
 #include <helper/time_support.h>
 #include <target/target.h>
 /* Global USB buffers */
 static uint8_t usb_in_buffer[AICE_IN_BUFFER_SIZE];
 static uint8_t usb_out_buffer[AICE_OUT_BUFFER_SIZE];
-static uint8_t current_target_id;
 static uint32_t jtag_clock;
 static struct aice_usb_handler_s aice_handler;
 /* AICE max retry times. If AICE command timeout, retry it. */
-static int aice_max_retry_times = 10;
+static int aice_max_retry_times = 50;
 /* Default endian is little endian. */
 static enum aice_target_endian data_endian;
 
+/* Constants for AICE command format length */
+#define AICE_FORMAT_HTDA        (3)
+#define AICE_FORMAT_HTDC        (7)
+#define AICE_FORMAT_HTDMA       (4)
+#define AICE_FORMAT_HTDMB       (8)
+#define AICE_FORMAT_HTDMC       (8)
+#define AICE_FORMAT_HTDMD       (12)
+#define AICE_FORMAT_DTHA        (6)
+#define AICE_FORMAT_DTHB        (2)
+#define AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA       (8)
+#define AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB       (4)
+
+/* Constants for AICE command */
+#define AICE_CMD_SCAN_CHAIN             0x00
+#define AICE_CMD_T_READ_MISC            0x20
+#define AICE_CMD_T_READ_EDMSR           0x21
+#define AICE_CMD_T_READ_DTR             0x22
+#define AICE_CMD_T_READ_MEM_B           0x24
+#define AICE_CMD_T_READ_MEM_H           0x25
+#define AICE_CMD_T_READ_MEM             0x26
+#define AICE_CMD_T_FASTREAD_MEM         0x27
+#define AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_MISC           0x28
+#define AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_EDMSR          0x29
+#define AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_DTR            0x2A
+#define AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_DIM            0x2B
+#define AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_MEM_B          0x2C
+#define AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_MEM_H          0x2D
+#define AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_MEM            0x2E
+#define AICE_CMD_T_FASTWRITE_MEM        0x2F
+#define AICE_CMD_T_EXECUTE              0x3E
+#define AICE_CMD_READ_CTRL              0x50
+#define AICE_CMD_WRITE_CTRL             0x51
+#define AICE_CMD_BATCH_BUFFER_READ      0x60
+#define AICE_CMD_READ_DTR_TO_BUFFER     0x61
+#define AICE_CMD_BATCH_BUFFER_WRITE     0x68
+#define AICE_CMD_WRITE_DTR_FROM_BUFFER  0x69
 
 /***************************************************************************/
 /* AICE commands' pack/unpack functions */
@@ -316,41 +339,53 @@ static void aice_unpack_dthmb(uint8_t *cmd_ack_code, uint8_t *target_id,
 /* calls the given usb_bulk_* function, allowing for the data to
  * trickle in with some timeouts  */
 static int usb_bulk_with_retries(
-                       int (*f)(jtag_libusb_device_handle *, int, char *, int, int),
-                       jtag_libusb_device_handle *dev, int ep,
-                       char *bytes, int size, int timeout)
+                       int (*f)(struct libusb_device_handle *, int, char *, int, int, int *),
+                       struct libusb_device_handle *dev, int ep,
+                       char *bytes, int size, int timeout, int *transferred)
 {
        int tries = 3, count = 0;
 
        while (tries && (count < size)) {
-               int result = f(dev, ep, bytes + count, size - count, timeout);
-               if (result > 0)
+               int result, ret;
+
+               ret = f(dev, ep, bytes + count, size - count, timeout, &result);
+               if (ret == ERROR_OK)
                        count += result;
-               else if ((-ETIMEDOUT != result) || !--tries)
-                       return result;
+               else if ((ret != ERROR_TIMEOUT_REACHED) || !--tries)
+                       return ret;
        }
-       return count;
+
+       *transferred = count;
+       return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int wrap_usb_bulk_write(jtag_libusb_device_handle *dev, int ep,
-               char *buff, int size, int timeout)
+static int wrap_usb_bulk_write(struct libusb_device_handle *dev, int ep,
+               char *buff, int size, int timeout, int *transferred)
 {
+
        /* usb_bulk_write() takes const char *buff */
-       return jtag_libusb_bulk_write(dev, ep, buff, size, timeout);
+       jtag_libusb_bulk_write(dev, ep, buff, size, timeout, transferred);
+
+       return 0;
 }
 
-static inline int usb_bulk_write_ex(jtag_libusb_device_handle *dev, int ep,
+static inline int usb_bulk_write_ex(struct libusb_device_handle *dev, int ep,
                char *bytes, int size, int timeout)
 {
-       return usb_bulk_with_retries(&wrap_usb_bulk_write,
-                       dev, ep, bytes, size, timeout);
+       int tr = 0;
+
+       usb_bulk_with_retries(&wrap_usb_bulk_write,
+                       dev, ep, bytes, size, timeout, &tr);
+       return tr;
 }
 
-static inline int usb_bulk_read_ex(jtag_libusb_device_handle *dev, int ep,
+static inline int usb_bulk_read_ex(struct libusb_device_handle *dev, int ep,
                char *bytes, int size, int timeout)
 {
-       return usb_bulk_with_retries(&jtag_libusb_bulk_read,
-                       dev, ep, bytes, size, timeout);
+       int tr = 0;
+       usb_bulk_with_retries(&jtag_libusb_bulk_read,
+                       dev, ep, bytes, size, timeout, &tr);
+       return tr;
 }
 
 /* Write data from out_buffer to USB. */
@@ -359,7 +394,7 @@ static int aice_usb_write(uint8_t *out_buffer, int out_length)
        int result;
 
        if (out_length > AICE_OUT_BUFFER_SIZE) {
-               LOG_ERROR("aice_write illegal out_length=%d (max=%d)",
+               LOG_ERROR("aice_write illegal out_length=%i (max=%i)",
                                out_length, AICE_OUT_BUFFER_SIZE);
                return -1;
        }
@@ -367,7 +402,7 @@ static int aice_usb_write(uint8_t *out_buffer, int out_length)
        result = usb_bulk_write_ex(aice_handler.usb_handle, aice_handler.usb_write_ep,
                        (char *)out_buffer, out_length, AICE_USB_TIMEOUT);
 
-       DEBUG_JTAG_IO("aice_usb_write, out_length = %d, result = %d",
+       LOG_DEBUG_IO("aice_usb_write, out_length = %i, result = %i",
                        out_length, result);
 
        return result;
@@ -379,7 +414,7 @@ static int aice_usb_read(uint8_t *in_buffer, int expected_size)
        int result = usb_bulk_read_ex(aice_handler.usb_handle, aice_handler.usb_read_ep,
                        (char *)in_buffer, expected_size, AICE_USB_TIMEOUT);
 
-       DEBUG_JTAG_IO("aice_usb_read, result = %d", result);
+       LOG_DEBUG_IO("aice_usb_read, result = %d", result);
 
        return result;
 }
@@ -390,7 +425,7 @@ static uint32_t usb_out_packets_buffer_length;
 static uint32_t usb_in_packets_buffer_length;
 static enum aice_command_mode aice_command_mode;
 
-extern int aice_batch_buffer_write(uint8_t buf_index, const uint8_t *word,
+static int aice_batch_buffer_write(uint8_t buf_index, const uint8_t *word,
                uint32_t num_of_words);
 
 static int aice_usb_packet_flush(void)
@@ -398,7 +433,7 @@ static int aice_usb_packet_flush(void)
        if (usb_out_packets_buffer_length == 0)
                return 0;
 
-       if (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK == aice_command_mode) {
+       if (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK) {
                LOG_DEBUG("Flush usb packets (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK)");
 
                if (aice_usb_write(usb_out_packets_buffer,
@@ -412,7 +447,7 @@ static int aice_usb_packet_flush(void)
                usb_out_packets_buffer_length = 0;
                usb_in_packets_buffer_length = 0;
 
-       } else if (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH == aice_command_mode) {
+       } else if (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH) {
                LOG_DEBUG("Flush usb packets (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH)");
 
                /* use BATCH_BUFFER_WRITE to fill command-batch-buffer */
@@ -439,7 +474,9 @@ static int aice_usb_packet_flush(void)
 
                i = 0;
                while (1) {
-                       aice_read_ctrl(AICE_READ_CTRL_BATCH_STATUS, &batch_status);
+                       int retval = aice_read_ctrl(AICE_READ_CTRL_BATCH_STATUS, &batch_status);
+                       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
+                               return retval;
 
                        if (batch_status & 0x1)
                                return ERROR_OK;
@@ -460,9 +497,9 @@ static int aice_usb_packet_append(uint8_t *out_buffer, int out_length, int in_le
 {
        uint32_t max_packet_size = AICE_OUT_PACKETS_BUFFER_SIZE;
 
-       if (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK == aice_command_mode) {
+       if (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK) {
                max_packet_size = AICE_OUT_PACK_COMMAND_SIZE;
-       } else if (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH == aice_command_mode) {
+       } else if (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH) {
                max_packet_size = AICE_OUT_BATCH_COMMAND_SIZE;
        } else {
                /* AICE_COMMAND_MODE_NORMAL */
@@ -487,7 +524,7 @@ static int aice_usb_packet_append(uint8_t *out_buffer, int out_length, int in_le
 
 /***************************************************************************/
 /* AICE commands */
-static int aice_edm_reset(void)
+static int aice_reset_box(void)
 {
        if (aice_write_ctrl(AICE_WRITE_CTRL_CLEAR_TIMEOUT_STATUS, 0x1) != ERROR_OK)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
@@ -507,11 +544,10 @@ static int aice_edm_reset(void)
 
 static int aice_scan_chain(uint32_t *id_codes, uint8_t *num_of_ids)
 {
-       int result;
        int retry_times = 0;
 
-       if ((AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK == aice_command_mode) ||
-               (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH == aice_command_mode))
+       if ((aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK) ||
+               (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH))
                aice_usb_packet_flush();
 
        do {
@@ -522,8 +558,8 @@ static int aice_scan_chain(uint32_t *id_codes, uint8_t *num_of_ids)
                LOG_DEBUG("SCAN_CHAIN, length: 0x0F");
 
                /** TODO: modify receive length */
-               result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHA);
-               if (AICE_FORMAT_DTHA != result) {
+               int result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHA);
+               if (result != AICE_FORMAT_DTHA) {
                        LOG_ERROR("aice_usb_read failed (requested=%d, result=%d)",
                                        AICE_FORMAT_DTHA, result);
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
@@ -533,27 +569,28 @@ static int aice_scan_chain(uint32_t *id_codes, uint8_t *num_of_ids)
                aice_unpack_dtha_multiple_data(&cmd_ack_code, num_of_ids, id_codes,
                                0x10, AICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("SCAN_CHAIN response, # of IDs: %d", *num_of_ids);
-
                if (cmd_ack_code != AICE_CMD_SCAN_CHAIN) {
-                       LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%x)",
-                                       AICE_CMD_SCAN_CHAIN, cmd_ack_code);
 
-                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times)
+                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times) {
+                               LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%" PRIx8 ")",
+                                               AICE_CMD_SCAN_CHAIN, cmd_ack_code);
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
+                       }
 
                        /* clear timeout and retry */
-                       if (aice_edm_reset() != ERROR_OK)
+                       if (aice_reset_box() != ERROR_OK)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
                        retry_times++;
                        continue;
                }
 
+               LOG_DEBUG("SCAN_CHAIN response, # of IDs: %" PRIu8, *num_of_ids);
+
                if (*num_of_ids == 0xFF) {
                        LOG_ERROR("No target connected");
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
-               } else if (*num_of_ids == 0x10) {
+               } else if (*num_of_ids == AICE_MAX_NUM_CORE) {
                        LOG_INFO("The ice chain over 16 targets");
                } else {
                        (*num_of_ids)++;
@@ -566,20 +603,18 @@ static int aice_scan_chain(uint32_t *id_codes, uint8_t *num_of_ids)
 
 int aice_read_ctrl(uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
 {
-       int result;
-
-       if ((AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK == aice_command_mode) ||
-               (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH == aice_command_mode))
+       if ((aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK) ||
+               (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH))
                aice_usb_packet_flush();
 
        aice_pack_htda(AICE_CMD_READ_CTRL, 0, address);
 
        aice_usb_write(usb_out_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_HTDA);
 
-       LOG_DEBUG("READ_CTRL, address: 0x%x", address);
+       LOG_DEBUG("READ_CTRL, address: 0x%" PRIx32, address);
 
-       result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHA);
-       if (AICE_FORMAT_DTHA != result) {
+       int result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHA);
+       if (result != AICE_FORMAT_DTHA) {
                LOG_ERROR("aice_usb_read failed (requested=%d, result=%d)",
                                AICE_FORMAT_DTHA, result);
                return ERROR_FAIL;
@@ -589,10 +624,10 @@ int aice_read_ctrl(uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
        uint8_t extra_length;
        aice_unpack_dtha(&cmd_ack_code, &extra_length, data, AICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
 
-       LOG_DEBUG("READ_CTRL response, data: 0x%x", *data);
+       LOG_DEBUG("READ_CTRL response, data: 0x%" PRIx32, *data);
 
        if (cmd_ack_code != AICE_CMD_READ_CTRL) {
-               LOG_ERROR("aice command error (command=0x%x, response=0x%x)",
+               LOG_ERROR("aice command error (command=0x%x, response=0x%" PRIx8 ")",
                                AICE_CMD_READ_CTRL, cmd_ack_code);
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
@@ -602,11 +637,9 @@ int aice_read_ctrl(uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
 
 int aice_write_ctrl(uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
 {
-       int result;
-
-       if (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK == aice_command_mode) {
+       if (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK) {
                aice_usb_packet_flush();
-       } else if (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH == aice_command_mode) {
+       } else if (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH) {
                aice_pack_htdc(AICE_CMD_WRITE_CTRL, 0, address, data, AICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
                return aice_usb_packet_append(usb_out_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_HTDC,
                                AICE_FORMAT_DTHB);
@@ -616,10 +649,10 @@ int aice_write_ctrl(uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
 
        aice_usb_write(usb_out_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_HTDC);
 
-       LOG_DEBUG("WRITE_CTRL, address: 0x%x, data: 0x%x", address, data);
+       LOG_DEBUG("WRITE_CTRL, address: 0x%" PRIx32 ", data: 0x%" PRIx32, address, data);
 
-       result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHB);
-       if (AICE_FORMAT_DTHB != result) {
+       int result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHB);
+       if (result != AICE_FORMAT_DTHB) {
                LOG_ERROR("aice_usb_read failed (requested=%d, result=%d)",
                                AICE_FORMAT_DTHB, result);
                return ERROR_FAIL;
@@ -632,7 +665,7 @@ int aice_write_ctrl(uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
        LOG_DEBUG("WRITE_CTRL response");
 
        if (cmd_ack_code != AICE_CMD_WRITE_CTRL) {
-               LOG_ERROR("aice command error (command=0x%x, response=0x%x)",
+               LOG_ERROR("aice command error (command=0x%x, response=0x%" PRIx8 ")",
                                AICE_CMD_WRITE_CTRL, cmd_ack_code);
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
@@ -640,13 +673,12 @@ int aice_write_ctrl(uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-int aice_read_dtr(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t *data)
+static int aice_read_dtr(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t *data)
 {
-       int result;
        int retry_times = 0;
 
-       if ((AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK == aice_command_mode) ||
-               (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH == aice_command_mode))
+       if ((aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK) ||
+               (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH))
                aice_usb_packet_flush();
 
        do {
@@ -654,10 +686,10 @@ int aice_read_dtr(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t *data)
 
                aice_usb_write(usb_out_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_HTDMA);
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("READ_DTR");
+               LOG_DEBUG("READ_DTR, COREID: %" PRIu8, target_id);
 
-               result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA);
-               if (AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA != result) {
+               int result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA);
+               if (result != AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA) {
                        LOG_ERROR("aice_usb_read failed (requested=%d, result=%d)",
                                        AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA, result);
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
@@ -669,19 +701,19 @@ int aice_read_dtr(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t *data)
                aice_unpack_dthma(&cmd_ack_code, &res_target_id, &extra_length,
                                data, AICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("READ_DTR response, data: 0x%x", *data);
-
                if (cmd_ack_code == AICE_CMD_T_READ_DTR) {
+                       LOG_DEBUG("READ_DTR response, data: 0x%" PRIx32, *data);
                        break;
                } else {
-                       LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%x)",
-                                       AICE_CMD_T_READ_DTR, cmd_ack_code);
 
-                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times)
+                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times) {
+                               LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%" PRIx8 ")",
+                                               AICE_CMD_T_READ_DTR, cmd_ack_code);
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
+                       }
 
                        /* clear timeout and retry */
-                       if (aice_edm_reset() != ERROR_OK)
+                       if (aice_reset_box() != ERROR_OK)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
                        retry_times++;
@@ -691,14 +723,13 @@ int aice_read_dtr(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t *data)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-int aice_read_dtr_to_buffer(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t buffer_idx)
+static int aice_read_dtr_to_buffer(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t buffer_idx)
 {
-       int result;
        int retry_times = 0;
 
-       if (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK == aice_command_mode) {
+       if (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK) {
                aice_usb_packet_flush();
-       } else if (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH == aice_command_mode) {
+       } else if (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH) {
                aice_pack_htdma(AICE_CMD_READ_DTR_TO_BUFFER, target_id, 0, buffer_idx);
                return aice_usb_packet_append(usb_out_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_HTDMA,
                                AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB);
@@ -709,10 +740,10 @@ int aice_read_dtr_to_buffer(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t buffer_idx)
 
                aice_usb_write(usb_out_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_HTDMA);
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("READ_DTR_TO_BUFFER");
+               LOG_DEBUG("READ_DTR_TO_BUFFER, COREID: %" PRIu8, target_id);
 
-               result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB);
-               if (AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB != result) {
+               int result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB);
+               if (result != AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB) {
                        LOG_ERROR("aice_usb_read failed (requested=%d, result=%d)", AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB, result);
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
                }
@@ -725,13 +756,15 @@ int aice_read_dtr_to_buffer(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t buffer_idx)
                if (cmd_ack_code == AICE_CMD_READ_DTR_TO_BUFFER) {
                        break;
                } else {
-                       LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%x)", AICE_CMD_READ_DTR_TO_BUFFER, cmd_ack_code);
+                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times) {
+                               LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%" PRIx8 ")",
+                                               AICE_CMD_READ_DTR_TO_BUFFER, cmd_ack_code);
 
-                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
+                       }
 
                        /* clear timeout and retry */
-                       if (aice_edm_reset() != ERROR_OK)
+                       if (aice_reset_box() != ERROR_OK)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
                        retry_times++;
@@ -741,14 +774,13 @@ int aice_read_dtr_to_buffer(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t buffer_idx)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-int aice_write_dtr(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t data)
+static int aice_write_dtr(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t data)
 {
-       int result;
        int retry_times = 0;
 
-       if (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK == aice_command_mode) {
+       if (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK) {
                aice_usb_packet_flush();
-       } else if (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH == aice_command_mode) {
+       } else if (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH) {
                aice_pack_htdmc(AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_DTR, target_id, 0, 0, data, AICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
                return aice_usb_packet_append(usb_out_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_HTDMC,
                                AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB);
@@ -759,10 +791,10 @@ int aice_write_dtr(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t data)
 
                aice_usb_write(usb_out_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_HTDMC);
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("WRITE_DTR, data: 0x%x", data);
+               LOG_DEBUG("WRITE_DTR, COREID: %" PRIu8 ", data: 0x%" PRIx32, target_id, data);
 
-               result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB);
-               if (AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB != result) {
+               int result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB);
+               if (result != AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB) {
                        LOG_ERROR("aice_usb_read failed (requested=%d, result=%d)", AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB, result);
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
                }
@@ -772,18 +804,19 @@ int aice_write_dtr(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t data)
                uint8_t res_target_id;
                aice_unpack_dthmb(&cmd_ack_code, &res_target_id, &extra_length);
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("WRITE_DTR response");
-
                if (cmd_ack_code == AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_DTR) {
+                       LOG_DEBUG("WRITE_DTR response");
                        break;
                } else {
-                       LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%x)", AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_DTR, cmd_ack_code);
+                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times) {
+                               LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%" PRIx8 ")",
+                                               AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_DTR, cmd_ack_code);
 
-                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
+                       }
 
                        /* clear timeout and retry */
-                       if (aice_edm_reset() != ERROR_OK)
+                       if (aice_reset_box() != ERROR_OK)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
                        retry_times++;
@@ -793,14 +826,13 @@ int aice_write_dtr(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t data)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-int aice_write_dtr_from_buffer(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t buffer_idx)
+static int aice_write_dtr_from_buffer(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t buffer_idx)
 {
-       int result;
        int retry_times = 0;
 
-       if (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK == aice_command_mode) {
+       if (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK) {
                aice_usb_packet_flush();
-       } else if (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH == aice_command_mode) {
+       } else if (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH) {
                aice_pack_htdma(AICE_CMD_WRITE_DTR_FROM_BUFFER, target_id, 0, buffer_idx);
                return aice_usb_packet_append(usb_out_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_HTDMA,
                                AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB);
@@ -811,10 +843,10 @@ int aice_write_dtr_from_buffer(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t buffer_idx)
 
                aice_usb_write(usb_out_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_HTDMA);
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("WRITE_DTR_FROM_BUFFER");
+               LOG_DEBUG("WRITE_DTR_FROM_BUFFER, COREID: %" PRIu8 "", target_id);
 
-               result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB);
-               if (AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB != result) {
+               int result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB);
+               if (result != AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB) {
                        LOG_ERROR("aice_usb_read failed (requested=%d, result=%d)", AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB, result);
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
                }
@@ -827,14 +859,15 @@ int aice_write_dtr_from_buffer(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t buffer_idx)
                if (cmd_ack_code == AICE_CMD_WRITE_DTR_FROM_BUFFER) {
                        break;
                } else {
-                       LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%x)",
-                                       AICE_CMD_WRITE_DTR_FROM_BUFFER, cmd_ack_code);
+                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times) {
+                               LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%" PRIx8 ")",
+                                               AICE_CMD_WRITE_DTR_FROM_BUFFER, cmd_ack_code);
 
-                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
+                       }
 
                        /* clear timeout and retry */
-                       if (aice_edm_reset() != ERROR_OK)
+                       if (aice_reset_box() != ERROR_OK)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
                        retry_times++;
@@ -844,13 +877,12 @@ int aice_write_dtr_from_buffer(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t buffer_idx)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-int aice_read_misc(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
+static int aice_read_misc(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
 {
-       int result;
        int retry_times = 0;
 
-       if ((AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK == aice_command_mode) ||
-               (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH == aice_command_mode))
+       if ((aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK) ||
+               (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH))
                aice_usb_packet_flush();
 
        do {
@@ -858,10 +890,10 @@ int aice_read_misc(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
 
                aice_usb_write(usb_out_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_HTDMA);
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("READ_MISC, address: 0x%x", address);
+               LOG_DEBUG("READ_MISC, COREID: %" PRIu8 ", address: 0x%" PRIx32, target_id, address);
 
-               result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA);
-               if (AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA != result) {
+               int result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA);
+               if (result != AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA) {
                        LOG_ERROR("aice_usb_read failed (requested=%d, result=%d)",
                                        AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA, result);
                        return ERROR_AICE_DISCONNECT;
@@ -873,19 +905,18 @@ int aice_read_misc(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
                aice_unpack_dthma(&cmd_ack_code, &res_target_id, &extra_length,
                                data, AICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("READ_MISC response, data: 0x%x", *data);
-
                if (cmd_ack_code == AICE_CMD_T_READ_MISC) {
+                       LOG_DEBUG("READ_MISC response, data: 0x%" PRIx32, *data);
                        break;
                } else {
-                       LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%x)",
-                                       AICE_CMD_T_READ_MISC, cmd_ack_code);
-
-                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times)
+                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times) {
+                               LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%" PRIx8 ")",
+                                               AICE_CMD_T_READ_MISC, cmd_ack_code);
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
+                       }
 
                        /* clear timeout and retry */
-                       if (aice_edm_reset() != ERROR_OK)
+                       if (aice_reset_box() != ERROR_OK)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
                        retry_times++;
@@ -895,14 +926,13 @@ int aice_read_misc(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-int aice_write_misc(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
+static int aice_write_misc(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
 {
-       int result;
        int retry_times = 0;
 
-       if (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK == aice_command_mode) {
+       if (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK) {
                aice_usb_packet_flush();
-       } else if (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH == aice_command_mode) {
+       } else if (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH) {
                aice_pack_htdmc(AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_MISC, target_id, 0, address, data,
                                AICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
                return aice_usb_packet_append(usb_out_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_HTDMC,
@@ -915,10 +945,11 @@ int aice_write_misc(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
 
                aice_usb_write(usb_out_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_HTDMC);
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("WRITE_MISC, address: 0x%x, data: 0x%x", address, data);
+               LOG_DEBUG("WRITE_MISC, COREID: %" PRIu8 ", address: 0x%" PRIx32 ", data: 0x%" PRIx32,
+                               target_id, address, data);
 
-               result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB);
-               if (AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB != result) {
+               int result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB);
+               if (result != AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB) {
                        LOG_ERROR("aice_usb_read failed (requested=%d, result=%d)",
                                        AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB, result);
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
@@ -929,19 +960,19 @@ int aice_write_misc(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
                uint8_t res_target_id;
                aice_unpack_dthmb(&cmd_ack_code, &res_target_id, &extra_length);
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("WRITE_MISC response");
-
                if (cmd_ack_code == AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_MISC) {
+                       LOG_DEBUG("WRITE_MISC response");
                        break;
                } else {
-                       LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%x)",
-                                       AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_MISC, cmd_ack_code);
+                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times) {
+                               LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%" PRIx8 ")",
+                                               AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_MISC, cmd_ack_code);
 
-                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
+                       }
 
                        /* clear timeout and retry */
-                       if (aice_edm_reset() != ERROR_OK)
+                       if (aice_reset_box() != ERROR_OK)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
                        retry_times++;
@@ -951,13 +982,12 @@ int aice_write_misc(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-int aice_read_edmsr(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
+static int aice_read_edmsr(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
 {
-       int result;
        int retry_times = 0;
 
-       if ((AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK == aice_command_mode) ||
-               (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH == aice_command_mode))
+       if ((aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK) ||
+               (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH))
                aice_usb_packet_flush();
 
        do {
@@ -965,10 +995,10 @@ int aice_read_edmsr(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
 
                aice_usb_write(usb_out_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_HTDMA);
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("READ_EDMSR, address: 0x%x", address);
+               LOG_DEBUG("READ_EDMSR, COREID: %" PRIu8 ", address: 0x%" PRIx32, target_id, address);
 
-               result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA);
-               if (AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA != result) {
+               int result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA);
+               if (result != AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA) {
                        LOG_ERROR("aice_usb_read failed (requested=%d, result=%d)",
                                        AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA, result);
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
@@ -980,19 +1010,19 @@ int aice_read_edmsr(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
                aice_unpack_dthma(&cmd_ack_code, &res_target_id, &extra_length,
                                data, AICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("READ_EDMSR response, data: 0x%x", *data);
-
                if (cmd_ack_code == AICE_CMD_T_READ_EDMSR) {
+                       LOG_DEBUG("READ_EDMSR response, data: 0x%" PRIx32, *data);
                        break;
                } else {
-                       LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%x)",
-                                       AICE_CMD_T_READ_EDMSR, cmd_ack_code);
+                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times) {
+                               LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%" PRIx8 ")",
+                                               AICE_CMD_T_READ_EDMSR, cmd_ack_code);
 
-                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
+                       }
 
                        /* clear timeout and retry */
-                       if (aice_edm_reset() != ERROR_OK)
+                       if (aice_reset_box() != ERROR_OK)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
                        retry_times++;
@@ -1002,14 +1032,13 @@ int aice_read_edmsr(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-int aice_write_edmsr(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
+static int aice_write_edmsr(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
 {
-       int result;
        int retry_times = 0;
 
-       if (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK == aice_command_mode) {
+       if (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK) {
                aice_usb_packet_flush();
-       } else if (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH == aice_command_mode) {
+       } else if (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH) {
                aice_pack_htdmc(AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_EDMSR, target_id, 0, address, data,
                                AICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
                return aice_usb_packet_append(usb_out_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_HTDMC,
@@ -1022,10 +1051,11 @@ int aice_write_edmsr(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
 
                aice_usb_write(usb_out_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_HTDMC);
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("WRITE_EDMSR, address: 0x%x, data: 0x%x", address, data);
+               LOG_DEBUG("WRITE_EDMSR, COREID: %" PRIu8 ", address: 0x%" PRIx32 ", data: 0x%" PRIx32,
+                               target_id, address, data);
 
-               result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB);
-               if (AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB != result) {
+               int result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB);
+               if (result != AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB) {
                        LOG_ERROR("aice_usb_read failed (requested=%d, result=%d)",
                                        AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB, result);
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
@@ -1036,19 +1066,19 @@ int aice_write_edmsr(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
                uint8_t res_target_id;
                aice_unpack_dthmb(&cmd_ack_code, &res_target_id, &extra_length);
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("WRITE_EDMSR response");
-
                if (cmd_ack_code == AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_EDMSR) {
+                       LOG_DEBUG("WRITE_EDMSR response");
                        break;
                } else {
-                       LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%x)",
-                                       AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_EDMSR, cmd_ack_code);
+                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times) {
+                               LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%" PRIx8 ")",
+                                               AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_EDMSR, cmd_ack_code);
 
-                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
+                       }
 
                        /* clear timeout and retry */
-                       if (aice_edm_reset() != ERROR_OK)
+                       if (aice_reset_box() != ERROR_OK)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
                        retry_times++;
@@ -1075,7 +1105,6 @@ static int aice_switch_to_big_endian(uint32_t *word, uint8_t num_of_words)
 
 static int aice_write_dim(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t *word, uint8_t num_of_words)
 {
-       int result;
        uint32_t big_endian_word[4];
        int retry_times = 0;
 
@@ -1083,9 +1112,9 @@ static int aice_write_dim(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t *word, uint8_t num_of_word
        memcpy(big_endian_word, word, sizeof(big_endian_word));
        aice_switch_to_big_endian(big_endian_word, num_of_words);
 
-       if (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK == aice_command_mode) {
+       if (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK) {
                aice_usb_packet_flush();
-       } else if (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH == aice_command_mode) {
+       } else if (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH) {
                aice_pack_htdmc_multiple_data(AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_DIM, target_id,
                                num_of_words - 1, 0, big_endian_word, num_of_words,
                                AICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
@@ -1100,11 +1129,16 @@ static int aice_write_dim(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t *word, uint8_t num_of_word
 
                aice_usb_write(usb_out_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_HTDMC + (num_of_words - 1) * 4);
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("WRITE_DIM, data: 0x%08x, 0x%08x, 0x%08x, 0x%08x", big_endian_word[0],
-                               big_endian_word[1], big_endian_word[2], big_endian_word[3]);
+               LOG_DEBUG("WRITE_DIM, COREID: %" PRIu8
+                               ", data: 0x%08" PRIx32 ", 0x%08" PRIx32 ", 0x%08" PRIx32 ", 0x%08" PRIx32,
+                               target_id,
+                               big_endian_word[0],
+                               big_endian_word[1],
+                               big_endian_word[2],
+                               big_endian_word[3]);
 
-               result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB);
-               if (AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB != result) {
+               int result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB);
+               if (result != AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB) {
                        LOG_ERROR("aice_usb_read failed (requested=%d, result=%d)", AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB, result);
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
                }
@@ -1114,18 +1148,20 @@ static int aice_write_dim(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t *word, uint8_t num_of_word
                uint8_t res_target_id;
                aice_unpack_dthmb(&cmd_ack_code, &res_target_id, &extra_length);
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("WRITE_DIM response");
 
                if (cmd_ack_code == AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_DIM) {
+                       LOG_DEBUG("WRITE_DIM response");
                        break;
                } else {
-                       LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%x)", AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_DIM, cmd_ack_code);
+                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times) {
+                               LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%" PRIx8 ")",
+                                               AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_DIM, cmd_ack_code);
 
-                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
+                       }
 
                        /* clear timeout and retry */
-                       if (aice_edm_reset() != ERROR_OK)
+                       if (aice_reset_box() != ERROR_OK)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
                        retry_times++;
@@ -1137,12 +1173,11 @@ static int aice_write_dim(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t *word, uint8_t num_of_word
 
 static int aice_do_execute(uint8_t target_id)
 {
-       int result;
        int retry_times = 0;
 
-       if (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK == aice_command_mode) {
+       if (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK) {
                aice_usb_packet_flush();
-       } else if (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH == aice_command_mode) {
+       } else if (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH) {
                aice_pack_htdmc(AICE_CMD_T_EXECUTE, target_id, 0, 0, 0, AICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
                return aice_usb_packet_append(usb_out_buffer,
                                AICE_FORMAT_HTDMC,
@@ -1154,10 +1189,10 @@ static int aice_do_execute(uint8_t target_id)
 
                aice_usb_write(usb_out_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_HTDMC);
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("EXECUTE");
+               LOG_DEBUG("EXECUTE, COREID: %" PRIu8 "", target_id);
 
-               result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB);
-               if (AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB != result) {
+               int result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB);
+               if (result != AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB) {
                        LOG_ERROR("aice_usb_read failed (requested=%d, result=%d)",
                                        AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB, result);
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
@@ -1168,19 +1203,19 @@ static int aice_do_execute(uint8_t target_id)
                uint8_t res_target_id;
                aice_unpack_dthmb(&cmd_ack_code, &res_target_id, &extra_length);
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("EXECUTE response");
-
                if (cmd_ack_code == AICE_CMD_T_EXECUTE) {
+                       LOG_DEBUG("EXECUTE response");
                        break;
                } else {
-                       LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%x)",
-                                       AICE_CMD_T_EXECUTE, cmd_ack_code);
+                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times) {
+                               LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%" PRIx8 ")",
+                                               AICE_CMD_T_EXECUTE, cmd_ack_code);
 
-                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
+                       }
 
                        /* clear timeout and retry */
-                       if (aice_edm_reset() != ERROR_OK)
+                       if (aice_reset_box() != ERROR_OK)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
                        retry_times++;
@@ -1190,17 +1225,17 @@ static int aice_do_execute(uint8_t target_id)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-int aice_write_mem_b(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
+static int aice_write_mem_b(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
 {
-       int result;
        int retry_times = 0;
 
-       LOG_DEBUG("WRITE_MEM_B, ADDRESS %08" PRIx32 "  VALUE %08" PRIx32,
+       LOG_DEBUG("WRITE_MEM_B, COREID: %" PRIu8 ", ADDRESS %08" PRIx32 "  VALUE %08" PRIx32,
+                       target_id,
                        address,
                        data);
 
-       if ((AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK == aice_command_mode) ||
-               (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH == aice_command_mode)) {
+       if ((aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK) ||
+               (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH)) {
                aice_pack_htdmd(AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_MEM_B, target_id, 0, address,
                                data & 0x000000FF, data_endian);
                return aice_usb_packet_append(usb_out_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_HTDMD,
@@ -1211,8 +1246,8 @@ int aice_write_mem_b(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
                                        address, data & 0x000000FF, data_endian);
                        aice_usb_write(usb_out_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_HTDMD);
 
-                       result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB);
-                       if (AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB != result) {
+                       int result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB);
+                       if (result != AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB) {
                                LOG_ERROR("aice_usb_read failed (requested=%d, result=%d)", AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB, result);
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
                        }
@@ -1225,13 +1260,15 @@ int aice_write_mem_b(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
                        if (cmd_ack_code == AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_MEM_B) {
                                break;
                        } else {
-                               LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%x)", AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_MEM_B, cmd_ack_code);
+                               if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times) {
+                                       LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%" PRIx8 ")",
+                                                       AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_MEM_B, cmd_ack_code);
 
-                               if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times)
                                        return ERROR_FAIL;
+                               }
 
                                /* clear timeout and retry */
-                               if (aice_edm_reset() != ERROR_OK)
+                               if (aice_reset_box() != ERROR_OK)
                                        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
                                retry_times++;
@@ -1242,17 +1279,17 @@ int aice_write_mem_b(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-int aice_write_mem_h(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
+static int aice_write_mem_h(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
 {
-       int result;
        int retry_times = 0;
 
-       LOG_DEBUG("WRITE_MEM_H, ADDRESS %08" PRIx32 "  VALUE %08" PRIx32,
+       LOG_DEBUG("WRITE_MEM_H, COREID: %" PRIu8 ", ADDRESS %08" PRIx32 "  VALUE %08" PRIx32,
+                       target_id,
                        address,
                        data);
 
-       if ((AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK == aice_command_mode) ||
-               (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH == aice_command_mode)) {
+       if ((aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK) ||
+               (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH)) {
                aice_pack_htdmd(AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_MEM_H, target_id, 0,
                                (address >> 1) & 0x7FFFFFFF, data & 0x0000FFFF, data_endian);
                return aice_usb_packet_append(usb_out_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_HTDMD,
@@ -1263,8 +1300,8 @@ int aice_write_mem_h(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
                                        (address >> 1) & 0x7FFFFFFF, data & 0x0000FFFF, data_endian);
                        aice_usb_write(usb_out_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_HTDMD);
 
-                       result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB);
-                       if (AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB != result) {
+                       int result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB);
+                       if (result != AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB) {
                                LOG_ERROR("aice_usb_read failed (requested=%d, result=%d)",
                                                AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB, result);
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
@@ -1278,14 +1315,15 @@ int aice_write_mem_h(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
                        if (cmd_ack_code == AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_MEM_H) {
                                break;
                        } else {
-                               LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%x)",
-                                               AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_MEM_H, cmd_ack_code);
+                               if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times) {
+                                       LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%" PRIx8 ")",
+                                                       AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_MEM_H, cmd_ack_code);
 
-                               if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times)
                                        return ERROR_FAIL;
+                               }
 
                                /* clear timeout and retry */
-                               if (aice_edm_reset() != ERROR_OK)
+                               if (aice_reset_box() != ERROR_OK)
                                        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
                                retry_times++;
@@ -1296,17 +1334,17 @@ int aice_write_mem_h(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-int aice_write_mem(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
+static int aice_write_mem(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
 {
-       int result;
        int retry_times = 0;
 
-       LOG_DEBUG("WRITE_MEM, ADDRESS %08" PRIx32 "  VALUE %08" PRIx32,
+       LOG_DEBUG("WRITE_MEM, COREID: %" PRIu8 ", ADDRESS %08" PRIx32 "  VALUE %08" PRIx32,
+                       target_id,
                        address,
                        data);
 
-       if ((AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK == aice_command_mode) ||
-               (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH == aice_command_mode)) {
+       if ((aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK) ||
+               (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH)) {
                aice_pack_htdmd(AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_MEM, target_id, 0,
                                (address >> 2) & 0x3FFFFFFF, data, data_endian);
                return aice_usb_packet_append(usb_out_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_HTDMD,
@@ -1317,8 +1355,8 @@ int aice_write_mem(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
                                        (address >> 2) & 0x3FFFFFFF, data, data_endian);
                        aice_usb_write(usb_out_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_HTDMD);
 
-                       result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB);
-                       if (AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB != result) {
+                       int result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB);
+                       if (result != AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB) {
                                LOG_ERROR("aice_usb_read failed (requested=%d, result=%d)",
                                                AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB, result);
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
@@ -1332,14 +1370,15 @@ int aice_write_mem(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
                        if (cmd_ack_code == AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_MEM) {
                                break;
                        } else {
-                               LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%x)",
-                                               AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_MEM, cmd_ack_code);
+                               if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times) {
+                                       LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%" PRIx8 ")",
+                                                       AICE_CMD_T_WRITE_MEM, cmd_ack_code);
 
-                               if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times)
                                        return ERROR_FAIL;
+                               }
 
                                /* clear timeout and retry */
-                               if (aice_edm_reset() != ERROR_OK)
+                               if (aice_reset_box() != ERROR_OK)
                                        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
                                retry_times++;
@@ -1350,13 +1389,12 @@ int aice_write_mem(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-int aice_fastread_mem(uint8_t target_id, uint8_t *word, uint32_t num_of_words)
+static int aice_fastread_mem(uint8_t target_id, uint8_t *word, uint32_t num_of_words)
 {
-       int result;
        int retry_times = 0;
 
-       if ((AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK == aice_command_mode) ||
-               (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH == aice_command_mode))
+       if ((aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK) ||
+               (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH))
                aice_usb_packet_flush();
 
        do {
@@ -1364,11 +1402,12 @@ int aice_fastread_mem(uint8_t target_id, uint8_t *word, uint32_t num_of_words)
 
                aice_usb_write(usb_out_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_HTDMB);
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("FASTREAD_MEM, # of DATA %08" PRIx32, num_of_words);
+               LOG_DEBUG("FASTREAD_MEM, COREID: %" PRIu8 ", # of DATA %08" PRIx32,
+                               target_id, num_of_words);
 
-               result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA + (num_of_words - 1) * 4);
+               int result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA + (num_of_words - 1) * 4);
                if (result < 0) {
-                       LOG_ERROR("aice_usb_read failed (requested=%d, result=%d)",
+                       LOG_ERROR("aice_usb_read failed (requested=%" PRIu32 ", result=%d)",
                                        AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA + (num_of_words - 1) * 4, result);
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
                }
@@ -1382,14 +1421,15 @@ int aice_fastread_mem(uint8_t target_id, uint8_t *word, uint32_t num_of_words)
                if (cmd_ack_code == AICE_CMD_T_FASTREAD_MEM) {
                        break;
                } else {
-                       LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%x)",
-                                       AICE_CMD_T_FASTREAD_MEM, cmd_ack_code);
+                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times) {
+                               LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%" PRIx8 ")",
+                                               AICE_CMD_T_FASTREAD_MEM, cmd_ack_code);
 
-                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
+                       }
 
                        /* clear timeout and retry */
-                       if (aice_edm_reset() != ERROR_OK)
+                       if (aice_reset_box() != ERROR_OK)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
                        retry_times++;
@@ -1399,14 +1439,13 @@ int aice_fastread_mem(uint8_t target_id, uint8_t *word, uint32_t num_of_words)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-int aice_fastwrite_mem(uint8_t target_id, const uint8_t *word, uint32_t num_of_words)
+static int aice_fastwrite_mem(uint8_t target_id, const uint8_t *word, uint32_t num_of_words)
 {
-       int result;
        int retry_times = 0;
 
-       if (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK == aice_command_mode) {
+       if (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK) {
                aice_usb_packet_flush();
-       } else if (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH == aice_command_mode) {
+       } else if (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH) {
                aice_pack_htdmd_multiple_data(AICE_CMD_T_FASTWRITE_MEM, target_id,
                                num_of_words - 1, 0, word, data_endian);
                return aice_usb_packet_append(usb_out_buffer,
@@ -1420,10 +1459,11 @@ int aice_fastwrite_mem(uint8_t target_id, const uint8_t *word, uint32_t num_of_w
 
                aice_usb_write(usb_out_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_HTDMD + (num_of_words - 1) * 4);
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("FASTWRITE_MEM, # of DATA %08" PRIx32, num_of_words);
+               LOG_DEBUG("FASTWRITE_MEM, COREID: %" PRIu8 ", # of DATA %08" PRIx32,
+                               target_id, num_of_words);
 
-               result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB);
-               if (AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB != result) {
+               int result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB);
+               if (result != AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB) {
                        LOG_ERROR("aice_usb_read failed (requested=%d, result=%d)",
                                        AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB, result);
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
@@ -1437,14 +1477,15 @@ int aice_fastwrite_mem(uint8_t target_id, const uint8_t *word, uint32_t num_of_w
                if (cmd_ack_code == AICE_CMD_T_FASTWRITE_MEM) {
                        break;
                } else {
-                       LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%x)",
-                                       AICE_CMD_T_FASTWRITE_MEM, cmd_ack_code);
+                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times) {
+                               LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%" PRIx8 ")",
+                                               AICE_CMD_T_FASTWRITE_MEM, cmd_ack_code);
 
-                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
+                       }
 
                        /* clear timeout and retry */
-                       if (aice_edm_reset() != ERROR_OK)
+                       if (aice_reset_box() != ERROR_OK)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
                        retry_times++;
@@ -1454,13 +1495,12 @@ int aice_fastwrite_mem(uint8_t target_id, const uint8_t *word, uint32_t num_of_w
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-int aice_read_mem_b(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
+static int aice_read_mem_b(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
 {
-       int result;
        int retry_times = 0;
 
-       if ((AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK == aice_command_mode) ||
-               (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH == aice_command_mode))
+       if ((aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK) ||
+               (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH))
                aice_usb_packet_flush();
 
        do {
@@ -1468,10 +1508,10 @@ int aice_read_mem_b(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
 
                aice_usb_write(usb_out_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_HTDMB);
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("READ_MEM_B");
+               LOG_DEBUG("READ_MEM_B, COREID: %" PRIu8 "", target_id);
 
-               result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA);
-               if (AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA != result) {
+               int result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA);
+               if (result != AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA) {
                        LOG_ERROR("aice_usb_read failed (requested=%d, result=%d)",
                                        AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA, result);
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
@@ -1483,19 +1523,19 @@ int aice_read_mem_b(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
                aice_unpack_dthma(&cmd_ack_code, &res_target_id, &extra_length,
                                data, data_endian);
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("READ_MEM_B response, data: 0x%x", *data);
-
                if (cmd_ack_code == AICE_CMD_T_READ_MEM_B) {
+                       LOG_DEBUG("READ_MEM_B response, data: 0x%02" PRIx32, *data);
                        break;
                } else {
-                       LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%x)",
-                                       AICE_CMD_T_READ_MEM_B, cmd_ack_code);
+                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times) {
+                               LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%" PRIx8 ")",
+                                               AICE_CMD_T_READ_MEM_B, cmd_ack_code);
 
-                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
+                       }
 
                        /* clear timeout and retry */
-                       if (aice_edm_reset() != ERROR_OK)
+                       if (aice_reset_box() != ERROR_OK)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
                        retry_times++;
@@ -1505,13 +1545,12 @@ int aice_read_mem_b(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-int aice_read_mem_h(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
+static int aice_read_mem_h(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
 {
-       int result;
        int retry_times = 0;
 
-       if ((AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK == aice_command_mode) ||
-               (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH == aice_command_mode))
+       if ((aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK) ||
+               (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH))
                aice_usb_packet_flush();
 
        do {
@@ -1519,10 +1558,10 @@ int aice_read_mem_h(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
 
                aice_usb_write(usb_out_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_HTDMB);
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("READ_MEM_H");
+               LOG_DEBUG("READ_MEM_H, CORE_ID: %" PRIu8 "", target_id);
 
-               result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA);
-               if (AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA != result) {
+               int result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA);
+               if (result != AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA) {
                        LOG_ERROR("aice_usb_read failed (requested=%d, result=%d)",
                                        AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA, result);
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
@@ -1534,19 +1573,19 @@ int aice_read_mem_h(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
                aice_unpack_dthma(&cmd_ack_code, &res_target_id, &extra_length,
                                data, data_endian);
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("READ_MEM_H response, data: 0x%x", *data);
-
                if (cmd_ack_code == AICE_CMD_T_READ_MEM_H) {
+                       LOG_DEBUG("READ_MEM_H response, data: 0x%" PRIx32, *data);
                        break;
                } else {
-                       LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%x)",
-                                       AICE_CMD_T_READ_MEM_H, cmd_ack_code);
+                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times) {
+                               LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%" PRIx8 ")",
+                                               AICE_CMD_T_READ_MEM_H, cmd_ack_code);
 
-                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
+                       }
 
                        /* clear timeout and retry */
-                       if (aice_edm_reset() != ERROR_OK)
+                       if (aice_reset_box() != ERROR_OK)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
                        retry_times++;
@@ -1556,13 +1595,12 @@ int aice_read_mem_h(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-int aice_read_mem(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
+static int aice_read_mem(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
 {
-       int result;
        int retry_times = 0;
 
-       if ((AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK == aice_command_mode) ||
-               (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH == aice_command_mode))
+       if ((aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_PACK) ||
+               (aice_command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH))
                aice_usb_packet_flush();
 
        do {
@@ -1571,10 +1609,10 @@ int aice_read_mem(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
 
                aice_usb_write(usb_out_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_HTDMB);
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("READ_MEM");
+               LOG_DEBUG("READ_MEM, COREID: %" PRIu8 "", target_id);
 
-               result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA);
-               if (AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA != result) {
+               int result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA);
+               if (result != AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA) {
                        LOG_ERROR("aice_usb_read failed (requested=%d, result=%d)",
                                        AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA, result);
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
@@ -1586,19 +1624,19 @@ int aice_read_mem(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
                aice_unpack_dthma(&cmd_ack_code, &res_target_id, &extra_length,
                                data, data_endian);
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("READ_MEM response, data: 0x%x", *data);
-
                if (cmd_ack_code == AICE_CMD_T_READ_MEM) {
+                       LOG_DEBUG("READ_MEM response, data: 0x%" PRIx32, *data);
                        break;
                } else {
-                       LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%x)",
-                                       AICE_CMD_T_READ_MEM, cmd_ack_code);
+                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times) {
+                               LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%" PRIx8 ")",
+                                               AICE_CMD_T_READ_MEM, cmd_ack_code);
 
-                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
+                       }
 
                        /* clear timeout and retry */
-                       if (aice_edm_reset() != ERROR_OK)
+                       if (aice_reset_box() != ERROR_OK)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
                        retry_times++;
@@ -1608,9 +1646,8 @@ int aice_read_mem(uint8_t target_id, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-int aice_batch_buffer_read(uint8_t buf_index, uint32_t *word, uint32_t num_of_words)
+static int aice_batch_buffer_read(uint8_t buf_index, uint32_t *word, uint32_t num_of_words)
 {
-       int result;
        int retry_times = 0;
 
        do {
@@ -1620,9 +1657,9 @@ int aice_batch_buffer_read(uint8_t buf_index, uint32_t *word, uint32_t num_of_wo
 
                LOG_DEBUG("BATCH_BUFFER_READ, # of DATA %08" PRIx32, num_of_words);
 
-               result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA + (num_of_words - 1) * 4);
+               int result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA + (num_of_words - 1) * 4);
                if (result < 0) {
-                       LOG_ERROR("aice_usb_read failed (requested=%d, result=%d)",
+                       LOG_ERROR("aice_usb_read failed (requested=%" PRIu32 ", result=%d)",
                                        AICE_FORMAT_DTHMA + (num_of_words - 1) * 4, result);
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
                }
@@ -1636,14 +1673,15 @@ int aice_batch_buffer_read(uint8_t buf_index, uint32_t *word, uint32_t num_of_wo
                if (cmd_ack_code == AICE_CMD_BATCH_BUFFER_READ) {
                        break;
                } else {
-                       LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%x)",
-                                       AICE_CMD_BATCH_BUFFER_READ, cmd_ack_code);
+                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times) {
+                               LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%" PRIx8 ")",
+                                               AICE_CMD_BATCH_BUFFER_READ, cmd_ack_code);
 
-                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
+                       }
 
                        /* clear timeout and retry */
-                       if (aice_edm_reset() != ERROR_OK)
+                       if (aice_reset_box() != ERROR_OK)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
                        retry_times++;
@@ -1655,7 +1693,6 @@ int aice_batch_buffer_read(uint8_t buf_index, uint32_t *word, uint32_t num_of_wo
 
 int aice_batch_buffer_write(uint8_t buf_index, const uint8_t *word, uint32_t num_of_words)
 {
-       int result;
        int retry_times = 0;
 
        if (num_of_words == 0)
@@ -1673,8 +1710,8 @@ int aice_batch_buffer_write(uint8_t buf_index, const uint8_t *word, uint32_t num
 
                LOG_DEBUG("BATCH_BUFFER_WRITE, # of DATA %08" PRIx32, num_of_words);
 
-               result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB);
-               if (AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB != result) {
+               int result = aice_usb_read(usb_in_buffer, AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB);
+               if (result != AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB) {
                        LOG_ERROR("aice_usb_read failed (requested=%d, result=%d)",
                                        AICE_FORMAT_DTHMB, result);
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
@@ -1688,14 +1725,15 @@ int aice_batch_buffer_write(uint8_t buf_index, const uint8_t *word, uint32_t num
                if (cmd_ack_code == AICE_CMD_BATCH_BUFFER_WRITE) {
                        break;
                } else {
-                       LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%x)",
-                                       AICE_CMD_BATCH_BUFFER_WRITE, cmd_ack_code);
+                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times) {
+                               LOG_ERROR("aice command timeout (command=0x%x, response=0x%" PRIx8 ")",
+                                               AICE_CMD_BATCH_BUFFER_WRITE, cmd_ack_code);
 
-                       if (retry_times > aice_max_retry_times)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
+                       }
 
                        /* clear timeout and retry */
-                       if (aice_edm_reset() != ERROR_OK)
+                       if (aice_reset_box() != ERROR_OK)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
                        retry_times++;
@@ -1708,46 +1746,24 @@ int aice_batch_buffer_write(uint8_t buf_index, const uint8_t *word, uint32_t num
 /***************************************************************************/
 /* End of AICE commands */
 
-typedef int (*read_mem_func_t)(uint32_t address, uint32_t *data);
-typedef int (*write_mem_func_t)(uint32_t address, uint32_t data);
-struct cache_info {
-       uint32_t set;
-       uint32_t way;
-       uint32_t line_size;
+typedef int (*read_mem_func_t)(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data);
+typedef int (*write_mem_func_t)(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t address, uint32_t data);
 
-       uint32_t log2_set;
-       uint32_t log2_line_size;
-};
+static struct aice_nds32_info core_info[AICE_MAX_NUM_CORE];
+static uint8_t total_num_of_core;
 
-static uint32_t r0_backup;
-static uint32_t r1_backup;
-static uint32_t host_dtr_backup;
-static uint32_t target_dtr_backup;
-static uint32_t edmsw_backup;
-static uint32_t edm_ctl_backup;
-static bool debug_under_dex_on;
-static bool dex_use_psw_on;
-static bool host_dtr_valid;
-static bool target_dtr_valid;
-static enum nds_memory_access access_channel = NDS_MEMORY_ACC_CPU;
-static enum nds_memory_select memory_select = NDS_MEMORY_SELECT_AUTO;
-static enum aice_target_state_s core_state = AICE_TARGET_UNKNOWN;
-static uint32_t edm_version;
-static struct cache_info icache = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
-static struct cache_info dcache = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
-static bool cache_init;
 static char *custom_srst_script;
 static char *custom_trst_script;
 static char *custom_restart_script;
 static uint32_t aice_count_to_check_dbger = 30;
 
-static int aice_read_reg(uint32_t num, uint32_t *val);
-static int aice_write_reg(uint32_t num, uint32_t val);
+static int aice_read_reg(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t num, uint32_t *val);
+static int aice_write_reg(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t num, uint32_t val);
 
-static int check_suppressed_exception(uint32_t dbger_value)
+static int check_suppressed_exception(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t dbger_value)
 {
-       uint32_t ir4_value;
-       uint32_t ir6_value;
+       uint32_t ir4_value = 0;
+       uint32_t ir6_value = 0;
        /* the default value of handling_suppressed_exception is false */
        static bool handling_suppressed_exception;
 
@@ -1758,9 +1774,9 @@ static int check_suppressed_exception(uint32_t dbger_value)
                LOG_ERROR("<-- TARGET WARNING! Exception is detected and suppressed. -->");
                handling_suppressed_exception = true;
 
-               aice_read_reg(IR4, &ir4_value);
+               aice_read_reg(coreid, IR4, &ir4_value);
                /* Clear IR6.SUPRS_EXC, IR6.IMP_EXC */
-               aice_read_reg(IR6, &ir6_value);
+               aice_read_reg(coreid, IR6, &ir6_value);
                /*
                 * For MCU version(MSC_CFG.MCU == 1) like V3m
                 *  | SWID[30:16] | Reserved[15:10] | SUPRS_EXC[9]  | IMP_EXC[8]
@@ -1770,12 +1786,12 @@ static int check_suppressed_exception(uint32_t dbger_value)
                 *  | SWID[30:16] | Reserved[15:14] | SUPRS_EXC[13] | IMP_EXC[12]
                 *  | VECTOR[11:5] | INST[4] | Exc Type[3:0] |
                 */
-               LOG_INFO("EVA: 0x%08x", ir4_value);
-               LOG_INFO("ITYPE: 0x%08x", ir6_value);
+               LOG_INFO("EVA: 0x%08" PRIx32, ir4_value);
+               LOG_INFO("ITYPE: 0x%08" PRIx32, ir6_value);
 
                ir6_value = ir6_value & (~0x300); /* for MCU */
                ir6_value = ir6_value & (~0x3000); /* for non-MCU */
-               aice_write_reg(IR6, ir6_value);
+               aice_write_reg(coreid, IR6, ir6_value);
 
                handling_suppressed_exception = false;
        }
@@ -1783,14 +1799,14 @@ static int check_suppressed_exception(uint32_t dbger_value)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int check_privilege(uint32_t dbger_value)
+static int check_privilege(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t dbger_value)
 {
        if ((dbger_value & NDS_DBGER_ILL_SEC_ACC) == NDS_DBGER_ILL_SEC_ACC) {
                LOG_ERROR("<-- TARGET ERROR! Insufficient security privilege "
                                "to execute the debug operations. -->");
 
                /* Clear DBGER.ILL_SEC_ACC */
-               if (aice_write_misc(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_MISC_DBGER,
+               if (aice_write_misc(coreid, NDS_EDM_MISC_DBGER,
                                        NDS_DBGER_ILL_SEC_ACC) != ERROR_OK)
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
@@ -1798,18 +1814,18 @@ static int check_privilege(uint32_t dbger_value)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int aice_check_dbger(uint32_t expect_status)
+static int aice_check_dbger(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t expect_status)
 {
        uint32_t i = 0;
-       uint32_t value_dbger;
+       uint32_t value_dbger = 0;
 
        while (1) {
-               aice_read_misc(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_MISC_DBGER, &value_dbger);
+               aice_read_misc(coreid, NDS_EDM_MISC_DBGER, &value_dbger);
 
                if ((value_dbger & expect_status) == expect_status) {
-                       if (ERROR_OK != check_suppressed_exception(value_dbger))
+                       if (check_suppressed_exception(coreid, value_dbger) != ERROR_OK)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
-                       if (ERROR_OK != check_privilege(value_dbger))
+                       if (check_privilege(coreid, value_dbger) != ERROR_OK)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
                        return ERROR_OK;
                }
@@ -1817,13 +1833,13 @@ static int aice_check_dbger(uint32_t expect_status)
                if ((i % 30) == 0)
                        keep_alive();
 
-               long long then = 0;
+               int64_t then = 0;
                if (i == aice_count_to_check_dbger)
                        then = timeval_ms();
                if (i >= aice_count_to_check_dbger) {
                        if ((timeval_ms() - then) > 1000) {
                                LOG_ERROR("Timeout (1000ms) waiting for $DBGER status "
-                                               "being 0x%08x", expect_status);
+                                               "being 0x%08" PRIx32, expect_status);
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
                        }
                }
@@ -1833,24 +1849,24 @@ static int aice_check_dbger(uint32_t expect_status)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 }
 
-static int aice_execute_dim(uint32_t *insts, uint8_t n_inst)
+static int aice_execute_dim(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t *insts, uint8_t n_inst)
 {
        /** fill DIM */
-       if (aice_write_dim(current_target_id, insts, n_inst) != ERROR_OK)
+       if (aice_write_dim(coreid, insts, n_inst) != ERROR_OK)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
        /** clear DBGER.DPED */
-       if (aice_write_misc(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_MISC_DBGER, NDS_DBGER_DPED) != ERROR_OK)
+       if (aice_write_misc(coreid, NDS_EDM_MISC_DBGER, NDS_DBGER_DPED) != ERROR_OK)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
        /** execute DIM */
-       if (aice_do_execute(current_target_id) != ERROR_OK)
+       if (aice_do_execute(coreid) != ERROR_OK)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
        /** read DBGER.DPED */
-       if (aice_check_dbger(NDS_DBGER_DPED) != ERROR_OK) {
+       if (aice_check_dbger(coreid, NDS_DBGER_DPED) != ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_ERROR("<-- TARGET ERROR! Debug operations do not finish properly: "
-                               "0x%08x 0x%08x 0x%08x 0x%08x. -->",
+                               "0x%08" PRIx32 "0x%08" PRIx32 "0x%08" PRIx32 "0x%08" PRIx32 ". -->",
                                insts[0],
                                insts[1],
                                insts[2],
@@ -1861,24 +1877,24 @@ static int aice_execute_dim(uint32_t *insts, uint8_t n_inst)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int aice_read_reg(uint32_t num, uint32_t *val)
+static int aice_read_reg(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t num, uint32_t *val)
 {
-       LOG_DEBUG("aice_read_reg, reg_no: 0x%08x", num);
+       LOG_DEBUG("aice_read_reg, reg_no: 0x%08" PRIx32, num);
 
        uint32_t instructions[4]; /** execute instructions in DIM */
 
-       if (NDS32_REG_TYPE_GPR == nds32_reg_type(num)) { /* general registers */
+       if (nds32_reg_type(num) == NDS32_REG_TYPE_GPR) { /* general registers */
                instructions[0] = MTSR_DTR(num);
                instructions[1] = DSB;
                instructions[2] = NOP;
                instructions[3] = BEQ_MINUS_12;
-       } else if (NDS32_REG_TYPE_SPR == nds32_reg_type(num)) { /* user special registers */
+       } else if (nds32_reg_type(num) == NDS32_REG_TYPE_SPR) { /* user special registers */
                instructions[0] = MFUSR_G0(0, nds32_reg_sr_index(num));
                instructions[1] = MTSR_DTR(0);
                instructions[2] = DSB;
                instructions[3] = BEQ_MINUS_12;
-       } else if (NDS32_REG_TYPE_AUMR == nds32_reg_type(num)) { /* audio registers */
-               if ((CB_CTL <= num) && (num <= CBE3)) {
+       } else if (nds32_reg_type(num) == NDS32_REG_TYPE_AUMR) { /* audio registers */
+               if ((num >= CB_CTL) && (num <= CBE3)) {
                        instructions[0] = AMFAR2(0, nds32_reg_sr_index(num));
                        instructions[1] = MTSR_DTR(0);
                        instructions[2] = DSB;
@@ -1889,24 +1905,24 @@ static int aice_read_reg(uint32_t num, uint32_t *val)
                        instructions[2] = DSB;
                        instructions[3] = BEQ_MINUS_12;
                }
-       } else if (NDS32_REG_TYPE_FPU == nds32_reg_type(num)) { /* fpu registers */
-               if (FPCSR == num) {
+       } else if (nds32_reg_type(num) == NDS32_REG_TYPE_FPU) { /* fpu registers */
+               if (num == FPCSR) {
                        instructions[0] = FMFCSR;
                        instructions[1] = MTSR_DTR(0);
                        instructions[2] = DSB;
                        instructions[3] = BEQ_MINUS_12;
-               } else if (FPCFG == num) {
+               } else if (num == FPCFG) {
                        instructions[0] = FMFCFG;
                        instructions[1] = MTSR_DTR(0);
                        instructions[2] = DSB;
                        instructions[3] = BEQ_MINUS_12;
                } else {
-                       if (FS0 <= num && num <= FS31) { /* single precision */
+                       if (num >= FS0 && num <= FS31) { /* single precision */
                                instructions[0] = FMFSR(0, nds32_reg_sr_index(num));
                                instructions[1] = MTSR_DTR(0);
                                instructions[2] = DSB;
                                instructions[3] = BEQ_MINUS_12;
-                       } else if (FD0 <= num && num <= FD31) { /* double precision */
+                       } else if (num >= FD0 && num <= FD31) { /* double precision */
                                instructions[0] = FMFDR(0, nds32_reg_sr_index(num));
                                instructions[1] = MTSR_DTR(0);
                                instructions[2] = DSB;
@@ -1920,12 +1936,12 @@ static int aice_read_reg(uint32_t num, uint32_t *val)
                instructions[3] = BEQ_MINUS_12;
        }
 
-       aice_execute_dim(instructions, 4);
+       aice_execute_dim(coreid, instructions, 4);
 
-       uint32_t value_edmsw;
-       aice_read_edmsr(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_SR_EDMSW, &value_edmsw);
+       uint32_t value_edmsw = 0;
+       aice_read_edmsr(coreid, NDS_EDM_SR_EDMSW, &value_edmsw);
        if (value_edmsw & NDS_EDMSW_WDV)
-               aice_read_dtr(current_target_id, val);
+               aice_read_dtr(coreid, val);
        else {
                LOG_ERROR("<-- TARGET ERROR! The debug target failed to update "
                                "the DTR register. -->");
@@ -1935,59 +1951,59 @@ static int aice_read_reg(uint32_t num, uint32_t *val)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_read_reg(uint32_t num, uint32_t *val)
+static int aice_usb_read_reg(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t num, uint32_t *val)
 {
        LOG_DEBUG("aice_usb_read_reg");
 
        if (num == R0) {
-               *val = r0_backup;
+               *val = core_info[coreid].r0_backup;
        } else if (num == R1) {
-               *val = r1_backup;
+               *val = core_info[coreid].r1_backup;
        } else if (num == DR41) {
                /* As target is halted, OpenOCD will backup DR41/DR42/DR43.
                 * As user wants to read these registers, OpenOCD should return
                 * the backup values, instead of reading the real values.
                 * As user wants to write these registers, OpenOCD should write
                 * to the backup values, instead of writing to real registers. */
-               *val = edmsw_backup;
+               *val = core_info[coreid].edmsw_backup;
        } else if (num == DR42) {
-               *val = edm_ctl_backup;
-       } else if ((target_dtr_valid == true) && (num == DR43)) {
-               *val = target_dtr_backup;
+               *val = core_info[coreid].edm_ctl_backup;
+       } else if ((core_info[coreid].target_dtr_valid == true) && (num == DR43)) {
+               *val = core_info[coreid].target_dtr_backup;
        } else {
-               if (ERROR_OK != aice_read_reg(num, val))
+               if (aice_read_reg(coreid, num, val) != ERROR_OK)
                        *val = 0xBBADBEEF;
        }
 
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int aice_write_reg(uint32_t num, uint32_t val)
+static int aice_write_reg(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t num, uint32_t val)
 {
-       LOG_DEBUG("aice_write_reg, reg_no: 0x%08x, value: 0x%08x", num, val);
+       LOG_DEBUG("aice_write_reg, reg_no: 0x%08" PRIx32 ", value: 0x%08" PRIx32, num, val);
 
        uint32_t instructions[4]; /** execute instructions in DIM */
-       uint32_t value_edmsw;
+       uint32_t value_edmsw = 0;
 
-       aice_write_dtr(current_target_id, val);
-       aice_read_edmsr(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_SR_EDMSW, &value_edmsw);
+       aice_write_dtr(coreid, val);
+       aice_read_edmsr(coreid, NDS_EDM_SR_EDMSW, &value_edmsw);
        if (0 == (value_edmsw & NDS_EDMSW_RDV)) {
                LOG_ERROR("<-- TARGET ERROR! AICE failed to write to the DTR register. -->");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
-       if (NDS32_REG_TYPE_GPR == nds32_reg_type(num)) { /* general registers */
+       if (nds32_reg_type(num) == NDS32_REG_TYPE_GPR) { /* general registers */
                instructions[0] = MFSR_DTR(num);
                instructions[1] = DSB;
                instructions[2] = NOP;
                instructions[3] = BEQ_MINUS_12;
-       } else if (NDS32_REG_TYPE_SPR == nds32_reg_type(num)) { /* user special registers */
+       } else if (nds32_reg_type(num) == NDS32_REG_TYPE_SPR) { /* user special registers */
                instructions[0] = MFSR_DTR(0);
                instructions[1] = MTUSR_G0(0, nds32_reg_sr_index(num));
                instructions[2] = DSB;
                instructions[3] = BEQ_MINUS_12;
-       } else if (NDS32_REG_TYPE_AUMR == nds32_reg_type(num)) { /* audio registers */
-               if ((CB_CTL <= num) && (num <= CBE3)) {
+       } else if (nds32_reg_type(num) == NDS32_REG_TYPE_AUMR) { /* audio registers */
+               if ((num >= CB_CTL) && (num <= CBE3)) {
                        instructions[0] = MFSR_DTR(0);
                        instructions[1] = AMTAR2(0, nds32_reg_sr_index(num));
                        instructions[2] = DSB;
@@ -1998,21 +2014,21 @@ static int aice_write_reg(uint32_t num, uint32_t val)
                        instructions[2] = DSB;
                        instructions[3] = BEQ_MINUS_12;
                }
-       } else if (NDS32_REG_TYPE_FPU == nds32_reg_type(num)) { /* fpu registers */
-               if (FPCSR == num) {
+       } else if (nds32_reg_type(num) == NDS32_REG_TYPE_FPU) { /* fpu registers */
+               if (num == FPCSR) {
                        instructions[0] = MFSR_DTR(0);
                        instructions[1] = FMTCSR;
                        instructions[2] = DSB;
                        instructions[3] = BEQ_MINUS_12;
-               } else if (FPCFG == num) {
+               } else if (num == FPCFG) {
                        /* FPCFG is readonly */
                } else {
-                       if (FS0 <= num && num <= FS31) { /* single precision */
+                       if (num >= FS0 && num <= FS31) { /* single precision */
                                instructions[0] = MFSR_DTR(0);
                                instructions[1] = FMTSR(0, nds32_reg_sr_index(num));
                                instructions[2] = DSB;
                                instructions[3] = BEQ_MINUS_12;
-                       } else if (FD0 <= num && num <= FD31) { /* double precision */
+                       } else if (num >= FD0 && num <= FD31) { /* double precision */
                                instructions[0] = MFSR_DTR(0);
                                instructions[1] = FMTDR(0, nds32_reg_sr_index(num));
                                instructions[2] = DSB;
@@ -2026,28 +2042,28 @@ static int aice_write_reg(uint32_t num, uint32_t val)
                instructions[3] = BEQ_MINUS_12;
        }
 
-       return aice_execute_dim(instructions, 4);
+       return aice_execute_dim(coreid, instructions, 4);
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_write_reg(uint32_t num, uint32_t val)
+static int aice_usb_write_reg(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t num, uint32_t val)
 {
        LOG_DEBUG("aice_usb_write_reg");
 
        if (num == R0)
-               r0_backup = val;
+               core_info[coreid].r0_backup = val;
        else if (num == R1)
-               r1_backup = val;
+               core_info[coreid].r1_backup = val;
        else if (num == DR42)
                /* As target is halted, OpenOCD will backup DR41/DR42/DR43.
                 * As user wants to read these registers, OpenOCD should return
                 * the backup values, instead of reading the real values.
                 * As user wants to write these registers, OpenOCD should write
                 * to the backup values, instead of writing to real registers. */
-               edm_ctl_backup = val;
-       else if ((target_dtr_valid == true) && (num == DR43))
-               target_dtr_backup = val;
+               core_info[coreid].edm_ctl_backup = val;
+       else if ((core_info[coreid].target_dtr_valid == true) && (num == DR43))
+               core_info[coreid].target_dtr_backup = val;
        else
-               return aice_write_reg(num, val);
+               return aice_write_reg(coreid, num, val);
 
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
@@ -2056,9 +2072,9 @@ static int aice_usb_open(struct aice_port_param_s *param)
 {
        const uint16_t vids[] = { param->vid, 0 };
        const uint16_t pids[] = { param->pid, 0 };
-       struct jtag_libusb_device_handle *devh;
+       struct libusb_device_handle *devh;
 
-       if (jtag_libusb_open(vids, pids, &devh) != ERROR_OK)
+       if (jtag_libusb_open(vids, pids, &devh, NULL) != ERROR_OK)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
        /* BE ***VERY CAREFUL*** ABOUT MAKING CHANGES IN THIS
@@ -2074,7 +2090,7 @@ static int aice_usb_open(struct aice_port_param_s *param)
 
 #if IS_WIN32 == 0
 
-       jtag_libusb_reset_device(devh);
+       libusb_reset_device(devh);
 
 #if IS_DARWIN == 0
 
@@ -2082,26 +2098,27 @@ static int aice_usb_open(struct aice_port_param_s *param)
        /* reopen jlink after usb_reset
         * on win32 this may take a second or two to re-enumerate */
        int retval;
-       while ((retval = jtag_libusb_open(vids, pids, &devh)) != ERROR_OK) {
+       while ((retval = jtag_libusb_open(vids, pids, &devh, NULL)) != ERROR_OK) {
                usleep(1000);
                timeout--;
                if (!timeout)
                        break;
        }
-       if (ERROR_OK != retval)
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
 #endif
 
 #endif
 
        /* usb_set_configuration required under win32 */
-       struct jtag_libusb_device *udev = jtag_libusb_get_device(devh);
-       jtag_libusb_set_configuration(devh, 0);
-       jtag_libusb_claim_interface(devh, 0);
+       libusb_set_configuration(devh, 0);
+       libusb_claim_interface(devh, 0);
 
        unsigned int aice_read_ep;
        unsigned int aice_write_ep;
-       jtag_libusb_get_endpoints(udev, &aice_read_ep, &aice_write_ep);
+
+       jtag_libusb_choose_interface(devh, &aice_read_ep, &aice_write_ep, -1, -1, -1, LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_BULK);
+       LOG_DEBUG("aice_read_ep=0x%x, aice_write_ep=0x%x", aice_read_ep, aice_write_ep);
 
        aice_handler.usb_read_ep = aice_read_ep;
        aice_handler.usb_write_ep = aice_write_ep;
@@ -2110,19 +2127,19 @@ static int aice_usb_open(struct aice_port_param_s *param)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_read_reg_64(uint32_t num, uint64_t *val)
+static int aice_usb_read_reg_64(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t num, uint64_t *val)
 {
        LOG_DEBUG("aice_usb_read_reg_64, %s", nds32_reg_simple_name(num));
 
        uint32_t value;
        uint32_t high_value;
 
-       if (ERROR_OK != aice_read_reg(num, &value))
+       if (aice_read_reg(coreid, num, &value) != ERROR_OK)
                value = 0xBBADBEEF;
 
-       aice_read_reg(R1, &high_value);
+       aice_read_reg(coreid, R1, &high_value);
 
-       LOG_DEBUG("low: 0x%08x, high: 0x%08x\n", value, high_value);
+       LOG_DEBUG("low: 0x%08" PRIx32 ", high: 0x%08" PRIx32 "\n", value, high_value);
 
        if (data_endian == AICE_BIG_ENDIAN)
                *val = (((uint64_t)high_value) << 32) | value;
@@ -2132,7 +2149,7 @@ static int aice_usb_read_reg_64(uint32_t num, uint64_t *val)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_write_reg_64(uint32_t num, uint64_t val)
+static int aice_usb_write_reg_64(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t num, uint64_t val)
 {
        uint32_t value;
        uint32_t high_value;
@@ -2145,11 +2162,11 @@ static int aice_usb_write_reg_64(uint32_t num, uint64_t val)
                value = (val >> 32) & 0xFFFFFFFF;
        }
 
-       LOG_DEBUG("aice_usb_write_reg_64, %s, low: 0x%08x, high: 0x%08x\n",
+       LOG_DEBUG("aice_usb_write_reg_64, %s, low: 0x%08" PRIx32 ", high: 0x%08" PRIx32 "\n",
                        nds32_reg_simple_name(num), value, high_value);
 
-       aice_write_reg(R1, high_value);
-       return aice_write_reg(num, value);
+       aice_write_reg(coreid, R1, high_value);
+       return aice_write_reg(coreid, num, value);
 }
 
 static int aice_get_version_info(void)
@@ -2167,7 +2184,7 @@ static int aice_get_version_info(void)
        if (aice_read_ctrl(AICE_READ_CTRL_GET_FPGA_VERSION, &fpga_version) != ERROR_OK)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
-       LOG_INFO("AICE version: hw_ver = 0x%x, fw_ver = 0x%x, fpga_ver = 0x%x",
+       LOG_INFO("AICE version: hw_ver = 0x%" PRIx32 ", fw_ver = 0x%" PRIx32 ", fpga_ver = 0x%" PRIx32,
                        hardware_version, firmware_version, fpga_version);
 
        return ERROR_OK;
@@ -2186,24 +2203,24 @@ static int aice_execute_custom_script(const char *script)
        bool set_op;
 
        script_fd = fopen(script, "r");
-       if (script_fd == NULL) {
+       if (!script_fd) {
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        } else {
-               while (fgets(line_buffer, LINE_BUFFER_SIZE, script_fd) != NULL) {
+               while (fgets(line_buffer, LINE_BUFFER_SIZE, script_fd)) {
                        /* execute operations */
                        set_op = false;
                        op_str = strstr(line_buffer, "set");
-                       if (op_str != NULL) {
+                       if (op_str) {
                                set_op = true;
                                goto get_reset_type;
                        }
 
                        op_str = strstr(line_buffer, "clear");
-                       if (op_str == NULL)
+                       if (!op_str)
                                continue;
 get_reset_type:
                        reset_str = strstr(op_str, "srst");
-                       if (reset_str != NULL) {
+                       if (reset_str) {
                                if (set_op)
                                        write_ctrl_value = AICE_CUSTOM_DELAY_SET_SRST;
                                else
@@ -2211,7 +2228,7 @@ get_reset_type:
                                goto get_delay;
                        }
                        reset_str = strstr(op_str, "dbgi");
-                       if (reset_str != NULL) {
+                       if (reset_str) {
                                if (set_op)
                                        write_ctrl_value = AICE_CUSTOM_DELAY_SET_DBGI;
                                else
@@ -2219,7 +2236,7 @@ get_reset_type:
                                goto get_delay;
                        }
                        reset_str = strstr(op_str, "trst");
-                       if (reset_str != NULL) {
+                       if (reset_str) {
                                if (set_op)
                                        write_ctrl_value = AICE_CUSTOM_DELAY_SET_TRST;
                                else
@@ -2246,37 +2263,39 @@ get_delay:
 
 static int aice_usb_set_clock(int set_clock)
 {
-       if (aice_write_ctrl(AICE_WRITE_CTRL_TCK_CONTROL,
-                               AICE_TCK_CONTROL_TCK_SCAN) != ERROR_OK)
-               return ERROR_FAIL;
+       if (set_clock & AICE_TCK_CONTROL_TCK_SCAN) {
+               if (aice_write_ctrl(AICE_WRITE_CTRL_TCK_CONTROL,
+                                       AICE_TCK_CONTROL_TCK_SCAN) != ERROR_OK)
+                       return ERROR_FAIL;
 
-       /* Read out TCK_SCAN clock value */
-       uint32_t scan_clock;
-       if (aice_read_ctrl(AICE_READ_CTRL_GET_ICE_STATE, &scan_clock) != ERROR_OK)
-               return ERROR_FAIL;
+               /* Read out TCK_SCAN clock value */
+               uint32_t scan_clock;
+               if (aice_read_ctrl(AICE_READ_CTRL_GET_ICE_STATE, &scan_clock) != ERROR_OK)
+                       return ERROR_FAIL;
 
-       scan_clock &= 0x0F;
+               scan_clock &= 0x0F;
 
-       uint32_t scan_base_freq;
-       if (scan_clock & 0x8)
-               scan_base_freq = 48000; /* 48 MHz */
-       else
-               scan_base_freq = 30000; /* 30 MHz */
+               uint32_t scan_base_freq;
+               if (scan_clock & 0x8)
+                       scan_base_freq = 48000; /* 48 MHz */
+               else
+                       scan_base_freq = 30000; /* 30 MHz */
 
-       uint32_t set_base_freq;
-       if (set_clock & 0x8)
-               set_base_freq = 48000;
-       else
-               set_base_freq = 30000;
+               uint32_t set_base_freq;
+               if (set_clock & 0x8)
+                       set_base_freq = 48000;
+               else
+                       set_base_freq = 30000;
 
-       uint32_t set_freq;
-       uint32_t scan_freq;
-       set_freq = set_base_freq >> (set_clock & 0x7);
-       scan_freq = scan_base_freq >> (scan_clock & 0x7);
+               uint32_t set_freq;
+               uint32_t scan_freq;
+               set_freq = set_base_freq >> (set_clock & 0x7);
+               scan_freq = scan_base_freq >> (scan_clock & 0x7);
 
-       if (scan_freq < set_freq) {
-               LOG_ERROR("User specifies higher jtag clock than TCK_SCAN clock");
-               return ERROR_FAIL;
+               if (scan_freq < set_freq) {
+                       LOG_ERROR("User specifies higher jtag clock than TCK_SCAN clock");
+                       return ERROR_FAIL;
+               }
        }
 
        if (aice_write_ctrl(AICE_WRITE_CTRL_TCK_CONTROL, set_clock) != ERROR_OK)
@@ -2294,39 +2313,40 @@ static int aice_usb_set_clock(int set_clock)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int aice_edm_init(void)
+static int aice_edm_init(uint32_t coreid)
 {
-       aice_write_edmsr(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_SR_DIMBR, 0xFFFF0000);
+       aice_write_edmsr(coreid, NDS_EDM_SR_DIMBR, 0xFFFF0000);
+       aice_write_misc(coreid, NDS_EDM_MISC_DIMIR, 0);
 
        /* unconditionally try to turn on V3_EDM_MODE */
        uint32_t edm_ctl_value;
-       aice_read_edmsr(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_SR_EDM_CTL, &edm_ctl_value);
-       aice_write_edmsr(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_SR_EDM_CTL, edm_ctl_value | 0x00000040);
+       aice_read_edmsr(coreid, NDS_EDM_SR_EDM_CTL, &edm_ctl_value);
+       aice_write_edmsr(coreid, NDS_EDM_SR_EDM_CTL, edm_ctl_value | 0x00000040);
 
-       aice_write_misc(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_MISC_DBGER,
+       /* clear DBGER */
+       aice_write_misc(coreid, NDS_EDM_MISC_DBGER,
                        NDS_DBGER_DPED | NDS_DBGER_CRST | NDS_DBGER_AT_MAX);
-       aice_write_misc(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_MISC_DIMIR, 0);
 
        /* get EDM version */
        uint32_t value_edmcfg;
-       aice_read_edmsr(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_SR_EDM_CFG, &value_edmcfg);
-       edm_version = (value_edmcfg >> 16) & 0xFFFF;
+       aice_read_edmsr(coreid, NDS_EDM_SR_EDM_CFG, &value_edmcfg);
+       core_info[coreid].edm_version = (value_edmcfg >> 16) & 0xFFFF;
 
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static bool is_v2_edm(void)
+static bool is_v2_edm(uint32_t coreid)
 {
-       if ((edm_version & 0x1000) == 0)
+       if ((core_info[coreid].edm_version & 0x1000) == 0)
                return true;
        else
                return false;
 }
 
-static int aice_init_edm_registers(bool clear_dex_use_psw)
+static int aice_init_edm_registers(uint32_t coreid, bool clear_dex_use_psw)
 {
        /* enable DEH_SEL & MAX_STOP & V3_EDM_MODE & DBGI_MASK */
-       uint32_t host_edm_ctl = edm_ctl_backup | 0xA000004F;
+       uint32_t host_edm_ctl = core_info[coreid].edm_ctl_backup | 0xA000004F;
        if (clear_dex_use_psw)
                /* After entering debug mode, OpenOCD may set
                 * DEX_USE_PSW accidentally through backup value
@@ -2334,9 +2354,9 @@ static int aice_init_edm_registers(bool clear_dex_use_psw)
                 * So, clear DEX_USE_PSW by force. */
                host_edm_ctl &= ~(0x40000000);
 
-       LOG_DEBUG("aice_init_edm_registers - EDM_CTL: 0x%08x", host_edm_ctl);
+       LOG_DEBUG("aice_init_edm_registers - EDM_CTL: 0x%08" PRIx32, host_edm_ctl);
 
-       int result = aice_write_edmsr(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_SR_EDM_CTL, host_edm_ctl);
+       int result = aice_write_edmsr(coreid, NDS_EDM_SR_EDM_CTL, host_edm_ctl);
 
        return result;
 }
@@ -2353,9 +2373,10 @@ static int aice_init_edm_registers(bool clear_dex_use_psw)
  * running. The difference of these two scenarios is EDM_CTL.DEH_SEL
  * is on for scenario 1, and off for scenario 2.
  */
-static int aice_backup_edm_registers(void)
+static int aice_backup_edm_registers(uint32_t coreid)
 {
-       int result = aice_read_edmsr(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_SR_EDM_CTL, &edm_ctl_backup);
+       int result = aice_read_edmsr(coreid, NDS_EDM_SR_EDM_CTL,
+                       &core_info[coreid].edm_ctl_backup);
 
        /* To call aice_backup_edm_registers() after DEX on, DEX_USE_PSW
         * may be not correct.  (For example, hit breakpoint, then backup
@@ -2363,48 +2384,49 @@ static int aice_backup_edm_registers(void)
         * interrupt will clear DEX_USE_PSW, DEX_USE_PSW is always off after
         * DEX is on.  It only backups correct value before OpenOCD issues DBGI.
         * (Backup EDM_CTL, then issue DBGI actively (refer aice_usb_halt())) */
-       if (edm_ctl_backup & 0x40000000)
-               dex_use_psw_on = true;
+       if (core_info[coreid].edm_ctl_backup & 0x40000000)
+               core_info[coreid].dex_use_psw_on = true;
        else
-               dex_use_psw_on = false;
+               core_info[coreid].dex_use_psw_on = false;
 
-       LOG_DEBUG("aice_backup_edm_registers - EDM_CTL: 0x%08x, DEX_USE_PSW: %s",
-                       edm_ctl_backup, dex_use_psw_on ? "on" : "off");
+       LOG_DEBUG("aice_backup_edm_registers - EDM_CTL: 0x%08" PRIx32 ", DEX_USE_PSW: %s",
+                       core_info[coreid].edm_ctl_backup,
+                       core_info[coreid].dex_use_psw_on ? "on" : "off");
 
        return result;
 }
 
-static int aice_restore_edm_registers(void)
+static int aice_restore_edm_registers(uint32_t coreid)
 {
        LOG_DEBUG("aice_restore_edm_registers -");
 
        /* set DEH_SEL, because target still under EDM control */
-       int result = aice_write_edmsr(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_SR_EDM_CTL,
-                       edm_ctl_backup | 0x80000000);
+       int result = aice_write_edmsr(coreid, NDS_EDM_SR_EDM_CTL,
+                       core_info[coreid].edm_ctl_backup | 0x80000000);
 
        return result;
 }
 
-static int aice_backup_tmp_registers(void)
+static int aice_backup_tmp_registers(uint32_t coreid)
 {
        LOG_DEBUG("backup_tmp_registers -");
 
        /* backup target DTR first(if the target DTR is valid) */
-       uint32_t value_edmsw;
-       aice_read_edmsr(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_SR_EDMSW, &value_edmsw);
-       edmsw_backup = value_edmsw;
+       uint32_t value_edmsw = 0;
+       aice_read_edmsr(coreid, NDS_EDM_SR_EDMSW, &value_edmsw);
+       core_info[coreid].edmsw_backup = value_edmsw;
        if (value_edmsw & 0x1) { /* EDMSW.WDV == 1 */
-               aice_read_dtr(current_target_id, &target_dtr_backup);
-               target_dtr_valid = true;
+               aice_read_dtr(coreid, &core_info[coreid].target_dtr_backup);
+               core_info[coreid].target_dtr_valid = true;
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("Backup target DTR: 0x%08x", target_dtr_backup);
+               LOG_DEBUG("Backup target DTR: 0x%08" PRIx32, core_info[coreid].target_dtr_backup);
        } else {
-               target_dtr_valid = false;
+               core_info[coreid].target_dtr_valid = false;
        }
 
        /* Target DTR has been backup, then backup $R0 and $R1 */
-       aice_read_reg(R0, &r0_backup);
-       aice_read_reg(R1, &r1_backup);
+       aice_read_reg(coreid, R0, &core_info[coreid].r0_backup);
+       aice_read_reg(coreid, R1, &core_info[coreid].r1_backup);
 
        /* backup host DTR(if the host DTR is valid) */
        if (value_edmsw & 0x2) { /* EDMSW.RDV == 1*/
@@ -2416,50 +2438,52 @@ static int aice_backup_tmp_registers(void)
                        MTSR_DTR(R0),
                        BEQ_MINUS_12
                };
-               aice_execute_dim(instructions, 4);
+               aice_execute_dim(coreid, instructions, 4);
 
-               aice_read_dtr(current_target_id, &host_dtr_backup);
-               host_dtr_valid = true;
+               aice_read_dtr(coreid, &core_info[coreid].host_dtr_backup);
+               core_info[coreid].host_dtr_valid = true;
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("Backup host DTR: 0x%08x", host_dtr_backup);
+               LOG_DEBUG("Backup host DTR: 0x%08" PRIx32, core_info[coreid].host_dtr_backup);
        } else {
-               host_dtr_valid = false;
+               core_info[coreid].host_dtr_valid = false;
        }
 
-       LOG_DEBUG("r0: 0x%08x, r1: 0x%08x", r0_backup, r1_backup);
+       LOG_DEBUG("r0: 0x%08" PRIx32 ", r1: 0x%08" PRIx32,
+                       core_info[coreid].r0_backup, core_info[coreid].r1_backup);
 
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int aice_restore_tmp_registers(void)
+static int aice_restore_tmp_registers(uint32_t coreid)
 {
-       LOG_DEBUG("restore_tmp_registers - r0: 0x%08x, r1: 0x%08x", r0_backup, r1_backup);
+       LOG_DEBUG("restore_tmp_registers - r0: 0x%08" PRIx32 ", r1: 0x%08" PRIx32,
+                       core_info[coreid].r0_backup, core_info[coreid].r1_backup);
 
-       if (target_dtr_valid) {
+       if (core_info[coreid].target_dtr_valid) {
                uint32_t instructions[4] = {
-                       SETHI(R0, target_dtr_backup >> 12),
-                       ORI(R0, R0, target_dtr_backup & 0x00000FFF),
+                       SETHI(R0, core_info[coreid].target_dtr_backup >> 12),
+                       ORI(R0, R0, core_info[coreid].target_dtr_backup & 0x00000FFF),
                        NOP,
                        BEQ_MINUS_12
                };
-               aice_execute_dim(instructions, 4);
+               aice_execute_dim(coreid, instructions, 4);
 
                instructions[0] = MTSR_DTR(R0);
                instructions[1] = DSB;
                instructions[2] = NOP;
                instructions[3] = BEQ_MINUS_12;
-               aice_execute_dim(instructions, 4);
+               aice_execute_dim(coreid, instructions, 4);
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("Restore target DTR: 0x%08x", target_dtr_backup);
+               LOG_DEBUG("Restore target DTR: 0x%08" PRIx32, core_info[coreid].target_dtr_backup);
        }
 
-       aice_write_reg(R0, r0_backup);
-       aice_write_reg(R1, r1_backup);
+       aice_write_reg(coreid, R0, core_info[coreid].r0_backup);
+       aice_write_reg(coreid, R1, core_info[coreid].r1_backup);
 
-       if (host_dtr_valid) {
-               aice_write_dtr(current_target_id, host_dtr_backup);
+       if (core_info[coreid].host_dtr_valid) {
+               aice_write_dtr(coreid, core_info[coreid].host_dtr_backup);
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("Restore host DTR: 0x%08x", host_dtr_backup);
+               LOG_DEBUG("Restore host DTR: 0x%08" PRIx32, core_info[coreid].host_dtr_backup);
        }
 
        return ERROR_OK;
@@ -2467,10 +2491,10 @@ static int aice_restore_tmp_registers(void)
 
 static int aice_open_device(struct aice_port_param_s *param)
 {
-       if (ERROR_OK != aice_usb_open(param))
+       if (aice_usb_open(param) != ERROR_OK)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
-       if (ERROR_FAIL == aice_get_version_info()) {
+       if (aice_get_version_info() == ERROR_FAIL) {
                LOG_ERROR("Cannot get AICE version!");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
@@ -2478,13 +2502,8 @@ static int aice_open_device(struct aice_port_param_s *param)
        LOG_INFO("AICE initialization started");
 
        /* attempt to reset Andes EDM */
-       if (ERROR_FAIL == aice_edm_reset()) {
-               LOG_ERROR("Cannot initial AICE Interface!");
-               return ERROR_FAIL;
-       }
-
-       if (ERROR_OK != aice_edm_init()) {
-               LOG_ERROR("Cannot initial EDM!");
+       if (aice_reset_box() == ERROR_FAIL) {
+               LOG_ERROR("Cannot initial AICE box!");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
@@ -2495,7 +2514,7 @@ static int aice_usb_set_jtag_clock(uint32_t a_clock)
 {
        jtag_clock = a_clock;
 
-       if (ERROR_OK != aice_usb_set_clock(a_clock)) {
+       if (aice_usb_set_clock(a_clock) != ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_ERROR("Cannot set AICE JTAG clock!");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
@@ -2507,26 +2526,40 @@ static int aice_usb_close(void)
 {
        jtag_libusb_close(aice_handler.usb_handle);
 
-       if (custom_srst_script)
-               free(custom_srst_script);
-
-       if (custom_trst_script)
-               free(custom_trst_script);
+       free(custom_srst_script);
+       free(custom_trst_script);
+       free(custom_restart_script);
+       return ERROR_OK;
+}
 
-       if (custom_restart_script)
-               free(custom_restart_script);
+static int aice_core_init(uint32_t coreid)
+{
+       core_info[coreid].access_channel = NDS_MEMORY_ACC_CPU;
+       core_info[coreid].memory_select = NDS_MEMORY_SELECT_AUTO;
+       core_info[coreid].core_state = AICE_TARGET_UNKNOWN;
 
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
 static int aice_usb_idcode(uint32_t *idcode, uint8_t *num_of_idcode)
 {
-       return aice_scan_chain(idcode, num_of_idcode);
+       int retval;
+
+       retval = aice_scan_chain(idcode, num_of_idcode);
+       if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
+               for (int i = 0; i < *num_of_idcode; i++) {
+                       aice_core_init(i);
+                       aice_edm_init(i);
+               }
+               total_num_of_core = *num_of_idcode;
+       }
+
+       return retval;
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_halt(void)
+static int aice_usb_halt(uint32_t coreid)
 {
-       if (core_state == AICE_TARGET_HALTED) {
+       if (core_info[coreid].core_state == AICE_TARGET_HALTED) {
                LOG_DEBUG("aice_usb_halt check halted");
                return ERROR_OK;
        }
@@ -2534,87 +2567,87 @@ static int aice_usb_halt(void)
        LOG_DEBUG("aice_usb_halt");
 
        /** backup EDM registers */
-       aice_backup_edm_registers();
+       aice_backup_edm_registers(coreid);
        /** init EDM for host debugging */
        /** no need to clear dex_use_psw, because dbgi will clear it */
-       aice_init_edm_registers(false);
+       aice_init_edm_registers(coreid, false);
 
        /** Clear EDM_CTL.DBGIM & EDM_CTL.DBGACKM */
-       uint32_t edm_ctl_value;
-       aice_read_edmsr(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_SR_EDM_CTL, &edm_ctl_value);
+       uint32_t edm_ctl_value = 0;
+       aice_read_edmsr(coreid, NDS_EDM_SR_EDM_CTL, &edm_ctl_value);
        if (edm_ctl_value & 0x3)
-               aice_write_edmsr(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_SR_EDM_CTL, edm_ctl_value & ~(0x3));
+               aice_write_edmsr(coreid, NDS_EDM_SR_EDM_CTL, edm_ctl_value & ~(0x3));
 
-       uint32_t dbger;
-       uint32_t acc_ctl_value;
+       uint32_t dbger = 0;
+       uint32_t acc_ctl_value = 0;
 
-       debug_under_dex_on = false;
-       aice_read_misc(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_MISC_DBGER, &dbger);
+       core_info[coreid].debug_under_dex_on = false;
+       aice_read_misc(coreid, NDS_EDM_MISC_DBGER, &dbger);
 
        if (dbger & NDS_DBGER_AT_MAX)
                LOG_ERROR("<-- TARGET ERROR! Reaching the max interrupt stack level. -->");
 
        if (dbger & NDS_DBGER_DEX) {
-               if (is_v2_edm() == false) {
+               if (is_v2_edm(coreid) == false) {
                        /** debug 'debug mode'. use force_debug to issue dbgi */
-                       aice_read_misc(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_MISC_ACC_CTL, &acc_ctl_value);
+                       aice_read_misc(coreid, NDS_EDM_MISC_ACC_CTL, &acc_ctl_value);
                        acc_ctl_value |= 0x8;
-                       aice_write_misc(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_MISC_ACC_CTL, acc_ctl_value);
-                       debug_under_dex_on = true;
+                       aice_write_misc(coreid, NDS_EDM_MISC_ACC_CTL, acc_ctl_value);
+                       core_info[coreid].debug_under_dex_on = true;
 
-                       aice_write_misc(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_MISC_EDM_CMDR, 0);
+                       aice_write_misc(coreid, NDS_EDM_MISC_EDM_CMDR, 0);
                        /* If CPU stalled due to AT_MAX, clear AT_MAX status. */
                        if (dbger & NDS_DBGER_AT_MAX)
-                               aice_write_misc(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_MISC_DBGER, NDS_DBGER_AT_MAX);
+                               aice_write_misc(coreid, NDS_EDM_MISC_DBGER, NDS_DBGER_AT_MAX);
                }
        } else {
                /** Issue DBGI normally */
-               aice_write_misc(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_MISC_EDM_CMDR, 0);
+               aice_write_misc(coreid, NDS_EDM_MISC_EDM_CMDR, 0);
                /* If CPU stalled due to AT_MAX, clear AT_MAX status. */
                if (dbger & NDS_DBGER_AT_MAX)
-                       aice_write_misc(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_MISC_DBGER, NDS_DBGER_AT_MAX);
+                       aice_write_misc(coreid, NDS_EDM_MISC_DBGER, NDS_DBGER_AT_MAX);
        }
 
-       if (aice_check_dbger(NDS_DBGER_DEX) != ERROR_OK) {
+       if (aice_check_dbger(coreid, NDS_DBGER_DEX) != ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_ERROR("<-- TARGET ERROR! Unable to stop the debug target through DBGI. -->");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
-       if (debug_under_dex_on) {
-               if (dex_use_psw_on == false) {
-                       /* under debug 'debug mode', force $psw to 'debug mode' bahavior */
+       if (core_info[coreid].debug_under_dex_on) {
+               if (core_info[coreid].dex_use_psw_on == false) {
+                       /* under debug 'debug mode', force $psw to 'debug mode' behavior */
                        /* !!!NOTICE!!! this is workaround for debug 'debug mode'.
                         * it is only for debugging 'debug exception handler' purpose.
                         * after openocd detaches from target, target behavior is
                         * undefined. */
-                       uint32_t ir0_value;
+                       uint32_t ir0_value = 0;
                        uint32_t debug_mode_ir0_value;
-                       aice_read_reg(IR0, &ir0_value);
+                       aice_read_reg(coreid, IR0, &ir0_value);
                        debug_mode_ir0_value = ir0_value | 0x408; /* turn on DEX, set POM = 1 */
                        debug_mode_ir0_value &= ~(0x000000C1); /* turn off DT/IT/GIE */
-                       aice_write_reg(IR0, debug_mode_ir0_value);
+                       aice_write_reg(coreid, IR0, debug_mode_ir0_value);
                }
        }
 
        /** set EDM_CTL.DBGIM & EDM_CTL.DBGACKM after halt */
        if (edm_ctl_value & 0x3)
-               aice_write_edmsr(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_SR_EDM_CTL, edm_ctl_value);
+               aice_write_edmsr(coreid, NDS_EDM_SR_EDM_CTL, edm_ctl_value);
 
        /* backup r0 & r1 */
-       aice_backup_tmp_registers();
-       core_state = AICE_TARGET_HALTED;
+       aice_backup_tmp_registers(coreid);
+       core_info[coreid].core_state = AICE_TARGET_HALTED;
 
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_state(enum aice_target_state_s *state)
+static int aice_usb_state(uint32_t coreid, enum aice_target_state_s *state)
 {
        uint32_t dbger_value;
        uint32_t ice_state;
 
-       int result = aice_read_misc(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_MISC_DBGER, &dbger_value);
+       int result = aice_read_misc(coreid, NDS_EDM_MISC_DBGER, &dbger_value);
 
-       if (ERROR_AICE_TIMEOUT == result) {
+       if (result == ERROR_AICE_TIMEOUT) {
                if (aice_read_ctrl(AICE_READ_CTRL_GET_ICE_STATE, &ice_state) != ERROR_OK) {
                        LOG_ERROR("<-- AICE ERROR! AICE is unplugged. -->");
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
@@ -2626,7 +2659,7 @@ static int aice_usb_state(enum aice_target_state_s *state)
                } else {
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
                }
-       } else if (ERROR_AICE_DISCONNECT == result) {
+       } else if (result == ERROR_AICE_DISCONNECT) {
                LOG_ERROR("<-- AICE ERROR! AICE is unplugged. -->");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
@@ -2635,47 +2668,47 @@ static int aice_usb_state(enum aice_target_state_s *state)
                LOG_ERROR("<-- TARGET ERROR! Insufficient security privilege. -->");
 
                /* Clear ILL_SEC_ACC */
-               aice_write_misc(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_MISC_DBGER, NDS_DBGER_ILL_SEC_ACC);
+               aice_write_misc(coreid, NDS_EDM_MISC_DBGER, NDS_DBGER_ILL_SEC_ACC);
 
                *state = AICE_TARGET_RUNNING;
-               core_state = AICE_TARGET_RUNNING;
+               core_info[coreid].core_state = AICE_TARGET_RUNNING;
        } else if ((dbger_value & NDS_DBGER_AT_MAX) == NDS_DBGER_AT_MAX) {
                /* Issue DBGI to exit cpu stall */
-               aice_usb_halt();
+               aice_usb_halt(coreid);
 
                /* Read OIPC to find out the trigger point */
                uint32_t ir11_value;
-               aice_read_reg(IR11, &ir11_value);
+               aice_read_reg(coreid, IR11, &ir11_value);
 
                LOG_ERROR("<-- TARGET ERROR! Reaching the max interrupt stack level; "
-                               "CPU is stalled at 0x%08x for debugging. -->", ir11_value);
+                               "CPU is stalled at 0x%08" PRIx32 " for debugging. -->", ir11_value);
 
                *state = AICE_TARGET_HALTED;
        } else if ((dbger_value & NDS_DBGER_CRST) == NDS_DBGER_CRST) {
                LOG_DEBUG("DBGER.CRST is on.");
 
                *state = AICE_TARGET_RESET;
-               core_state = AICE_TARGET_RUNNING;
+               core_info[coreid].core_state = AICE_TARGET_RUNNING;
 
                /* Clear CRST */
-               aice_write_misc(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_MISC_DBGER, NDS_DBGER_CRST);
+               aice_write_misc(coreid, NDS_EDM_MISC_DBGER, NDS_DBGER_CRST);
        } else if ((dbger_value & NDS_DBGER_DEX) == NDS_DBGER_DEX) {
-               if (AICE_TARGET_RUNNING == core_state) {
+               if (core_info[coreid].core_state == AICE_TARGET_RUNNING) {
                        /* enter debug mode, init EDM registers */
                        /* backup EDM registers */
-                       aice_backup_edm_registers();
+                       aice_backup_edm_registers(coreid);
                        /* init EDM for host debugging */
-                       aice_init_edm_registers(true);
-                       aice_backup_tmp_registers();
-                       core_state = AICE_TARGET_HALTED;
-               } else if (AICE_TARGET_UNKNOWN == core_state) {
+                       aice_init_edm_registers(coreid, true);
+                       aice_backup_tmp_registers(coreid);
+                       core_info[coreid].core_state = AICE_TARGET_HALTED;
+               } else if (core_info[coreid].core_state == AICE_TARGET_UNKNOWN) {
                        /* debug 'debug mode', use force debug to halt core */
-                       aice_usb_halt();
+                       aice_usb_halt(coreid);
                }
                *state = AICE_TARGET_HALTED;
        } else {
                *state = AICE_TARGET_RUNNING;
-               core_state = AICE_TARGET_RUNNING;
+               core_info[coreid].core_state = AICE_TARGET_RUNNING;
        }
 
        return ERROR_OK;
@@ -2683,11 +2716,11 @@ static int aice_usb_state(enum aice_target_state_s *state)
 
 static int aice_usb_reset(void)
 {
-       if (aice_edm_reset() != ERROR_OK)
+       if (aice_reset_box() != ERROR_OK)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
        /* issue TRST */
-       if (custom_trst_script == NULL) {
+       if (!custom_trst_script) {
                if (aice_write_ctrl(AICE_WRITE_CTRL_JTAG_PIN_CONTROL,
                                        AICE_JTAG_PIN_CONTROL_TRST) != ERROR_OK)
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
@@ -2703,14 +2736,14 @@ static int aice_usb_reset(void)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int aice_issue_srst(void)
+static int aice_issue_srst(uint32_t coreid)
 {
        LOG_DEBUG("aice_issue_srst");
 
        /* After issuing srst, target will be running. So we need to restore EDM_CTL. */
-       aice_restore_edm_registers();
+       aice_restore_edm_registers(coreid);
 
-       if (custom_srst_script == NULL) {
+       if (!custom_srst_script) {
                if (aice_write_ctrl(AICE_WRITE_CTRL_JTAG_PIN_CONTROL,
                                        AICE_JTAG_PIN_CONTROL_SRST) != ERROR_OK)
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
@@ -2724,7 +2757,7 @@ static int aice_issue_srst(void)
        uint32_t dbger_value;
        int i = 0;
        while (1) {
-               if (aice_read_misc(current_target_id,
+               if (aice_read_misc(coreid,
                                        NDS_EDM_MISC_DBGER, &dbger_value) != ERROR_OK)
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
@@ -2736,25 +2769,25 @@ static int aice_issue_srst(void)
                i++;
        }
 
-       host_dtr_valid = false;
-       target_dtr_valid = false;
+       core_info[coreid].host_dtr_valid = false;
+       core_info[coreid].target_dtr_valid = false;
 
-       core_state = AICE_TARGET_RUNNING;
+       core_info[coreid].core_state = AICE_TARGET_RUNNING;
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int aice_issue_reset_hold(void)
+static int aice_issue_reset_hold(uint32_t coreid)
 {
        LOG_DEBUG("aice_issue_reset_hold");
 
        /* set no_dbgi_pin to 0 */
        uint32_t pin_status;
        aice_read_ctrl(AICE_READ_CTRL_GET_JTAG_PIN_STATUS, &pin_status);
-       if (pin_status | 0x4)
+       if (pin_status & 0x4)
                aice_write_ctrl(AICE_WRITE_CTRL_JTAG_PIN_STATUS, pin_status & (~0x4));
 
        /* issue restart */
-       if (custom_restart_script == NULL) {
+       if (!custom_restart_script) {
                if (aice_write_ctrl(AICE_WRITE_CTRL_JTAG_PIN_CONTROL,
                                        AICE_JTAG_PIN_CONTROL_RESTART) != ERROR_OK)
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
@@ -2764,9 +2797,9 @@ static int aice_issue_reset_hold(void)
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
-       if (aice_check_dbger(NDS_DBGER_CRST | NDS_DBGER_DEX) == ERROR_OK) {
-               aice_backup_tmp_registers();
-               core_state = AICE_TARGET_HALTED;
+       if (aice_check_dbger(coreid, NDS_DBGER_CRST | NDS_DBGER_DEX) == ERROR_OK) {
+               aice_backup_tmp_registers(coreid);
+               core_info[coreid].core_state = AICE_TARGET_HALTED;
 
                return ERROR_OK;
        } else {
@@ -2774,7 +2807,7 @@ static int aice_issue_reset_hold(void)
                aice_write_ctrl(AICE_WRITE_CTRL_JTAG_PIN_STATUS, pin_status | 0x4);
 
                /* issue restart again */
-               if (custom_restart_script == NULL) {
+               if (!custom_restart_script) {
                        if (aice_write_ctrl(AICE_WRITE_CTRL_JTAG_PIN_CONTROL,
                                                AICE_JTAG_PIN_CONTROL_RESTART) != ERROR_OK)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
@@ -2784,58 +2817,89 @@ static int aice_issue_reset_hold(void)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
                }
 
-               if (aice_check_dbger(NDS_DBGER_CRST | NDS_DBGER_DEX) == ERROR_OK) {
-                       aice_backup_tmp_registers();
-                       core_state = AICE_TARGET_HALTED;
+               if (aice_check_dbger(coreid, NDS_DBGER_CRST | NDS_DBGER_DEX) == ERROR_OK) {
+                       aice_backup_tmp_registers(coreid);
+                       core_info[coreid].core_state = AICE_TARGET_HALTED;
 
                        return ERROR_OK;
                }
 
                /* do software reset-and-hold */
-               aice_issue_srst();
-               aice_usb_halt();
+               aice_issue_srst(coreid);
+               aice_usb_halt(coreid);
 
                uint32_t value_ir3;
-               aice_read_reg(IR3, &value_ir3);
-               aice_write_reg(PC, value_ir3 & 0xFFFF0000);
+               aice_read_reg(coreid, IR3, &value_ir3);
+               aice_write_reg(coreid, PC, value_ir3 & 0xFFFF0000);
        }
 
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_assert_srst(enum aice_srst_type_s srst)
+static int aice_issue_reset_hold_multi(void)
+{
+       uint32_t write_ctrl_value = 0;
+
+       /* set SRST */
+       write_ctrl_value = AICE_CUSTOM_DELAY_SET_SRST;
+       write_ctrl_value |= (0x200 << 16);
+       if (aice_write_ctrl(AICE_WRITE_CTRL_CUSTOM_DELAY,
+                               write_ctrl_value) != ERROR_OK)
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+
+       for (uint8_t i = 0 ; i < total_num_of_core ; i++)
+               aice_write_misc(i, NDS_EDM_MISC_EDM_CMDR, 0);
+
+       /* clear SRST */
+       write_ctrl_value = AICE_CUSTOM_DELAY_CLEAN_SRST;
+       write_ctrl_value |= (0x200 << 16);
+       if (aice_write_ctrl(AICE_WRITE_CTRL_CUSTOM_DELAY,
+                               write_ctrl_value) != ERROR_OK)
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+
+       for (uint8_t i = 0; i < total_num_of_core; i++)
+               aice_edm_init(i);
+
+       return ERROR_FAIL;
+}
+
+static int aice_usb_assert_srst(uint32_t coreid, enum aice_srst_type_s srst)
 {
-       if ((AICE_SRST != srst) && (AICE_RESET_HOLD != srst))
+       if ((srst != AICE_SRST) && (srst != AICE_RESET_HOLD))
                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
        /* clear DBGER */
-       if (aice_write_misc(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_MISC_DBGER,
+       if (aice_write_misc(coreid, NDS_EDM_MISC_DBGER,
                                NDS_DBGER_CLEAR_ALL) != ERROR_OK)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
        int result = ERROR_OK;
-       if (AICE_SRST == srst)
-               result = aice_issue_srst();
-       else
-               result = aice_issue_reset_hold();
+       if (srst == AICE_SRST)
+               result = aice_issue_srst(coreid);
+       else {
+               if (total_num_of_core == 1)
+                       result = aice_issue_reset_hold(coreid);
+               else
+                       result = aice_issue_reset_hold_multi();
+       }
 
        /* Clear DBGER.CRST after reset to avoid 'core-reset checking' errors.
         * assert_srst is user-intentional reset behavior, so we could
         * clear DBGER.CRST safely.
         */
-       if (aice_write_misc(current_target_id,
+       if (aice_write_misc(coreid,
                                NDS_EDM_MISC_DBGER, NDS_DBGER_CRST) != ERROR_OK)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
        return result;
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_run(void)
+static int aice_usb_run(uint32_t coreid)
 {
        LOG_DEBUG("aice_usb_run");
 
        uint32_t dbger_value;
-       if (aice_read_misc(current_target_id,
+       if (aice_read_misc(coreid,
                                NDS_EDM_MISC_DBGER, &dbger_value) != ERROR_OK)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
@@ -2846,11 +2910,11 @@ static int aice_usb_run(void)
        }
 
        /* restore r0 & r1 before free run */
-       aice_restore_tmp_registers();
-       core_state = AICE_TARGET_RUNNING;
+       aice_restore_tmp_registers(coreid);
+       core_info[coreid].core_state = AICE_TARGET_RUNNING;
 
        /* clear DBGER */
-       aice_write_misc(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_MISC_DBGER,
+       aice_write_misc(coreid, NDS_EDM_MISC_DBGER,
                        NDS_DBGER_CLEAR_ALL);
 
        /** restore EDM registers */
@@ -2861,7 +2925,7 @@ static int aice_usb_run(void)
         *        slli $p0, $p0, 1
         *        slri $p0, $p0, 31
         */
-       aice_restore_edm_registers();
+       aice_restore_edm_registers(coreid);
 
        /** execute instructions in DIM */
        uint32_t instructions[4] = {
@@ -2870,46 +2934,46 @@ static int aice_usb_run(void)
                NOP,
                IRET
        };
-       int result = aice_execute_dim(instructions, 4);
+       int result = aice_execute_dim(coreid, instructions, 4);
 
        return result;
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_step(void)
+static int aice_usb_step(uint32_t coreid)
 {
        LOG_DEBUG("aice_usb_step");
 
        uint32_t ir0_value;
        uint32_t ir0_reg_num;
 
-       if (is_v2_edm() == true)
+       if (is_v2_edm(coreid) == true)
                /* V2 EDM will push interrupt stack as debug exception */
                ir0_reg_num = IR1;
        else
                ir0_reg_num = IR0;
 
        /** enable HSS */
-       aice_read_reg(ir0_reg_num, &ir0_value);
+       aice_read_reg(coreid, ir0_reg_num, &ir0_value);
        if ((ir0_value & 0x800) == 0) {
                /** set PSW.HSS */
                ir0_value |= (0x01 << 11);
-               aice_write_reg(ir0_reg_num, ir0_value);
+               aice_write_reg(coreid, ir0_reg_num, ir0_value);
        }
 
-       if (ERROR_FAIL == aice_usb_run())
+       if (aice_usb_run(coreid) == ERROR_FAIL)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
        int i = 0;
        enum aice_target_state_s state;
        while (1) {
                /* read DBGER */
-               if (aice_usb_state(&state) != ERROR_OK)
+               if (aice_usb_state(coreid, &state) != ERROR_OK)
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
-               if (AICE_TARGET_HALTED == state)
+               if (state == AICE_TARGET_HALTED)
                        break;
 
-               long long then = 0;
+               int64_t then = 0;
                if (i == 30)
                        then = timeval_ms();
 
@@ -2923,29 +2987,29 @@ static int aice_usb_step(void)
        }
 
        /** disable HSS */
-       aice_read_reg(ir0_reg_num, &ir0_value);
+       aice_read_reg(coreid, ir0_reg_num, &ir0_value);
        ir0_value &= ~(0x01 << 11);
-       aice_write_reg(ir0_reg_num, ir0_value);
+       aice_write_reg(coreid, ir0_reg_num, ir0_value);
 
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_read_mem_b_bus(uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
+static int aice_usb_read_mem_b_bus(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
 {
-       return aice_read_mem_b(current_target_id, address, data);
+       return aice_read_mem_b(coreid, address, data);
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_read_mem_h_bus(uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
+static int aice_usb_read_mem_h_bus(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
 {
-       return aice_read_mem_h(current_target_id, address, data);
+       return aice_read_mem_h(coreid, address, data);
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_read_mem_w_bus(uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
+static int aice_usb_read_mem_w_bus(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
 {
-       return aice_read_mem(current_target_id, address, data);
+       return aice_read_mem(coreid, address, data);
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_read_mem_b_dim(uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
+static int aice_usb_read_mem_b_dim(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
 {
        uint32_t value;
        uint32_t instructions[4] = {
@@ -2955,15 +3019,15 @@ static int aice_usb_read_mem_b_dim(uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
                BEQ_MINUS_12
        };
 
-       aice_execute_dim(instructions, 4);
+       aice_execute_dim(coreid, instructions, 4);
 
-       aice_read_dtr(current_target_id, &value);
+       aice_read_dtr(coreid, &value);
        *data = value & 0xFF;
 
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_read_mem_h_dim(uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
+static int aice_usb_read_mem_h_dim(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
 {
        uint32_t value;
        uint32_t instructions[4] = {
@@ -2973,15 +3037,15 @@ static int aice_usb_read_mem_h_dim(uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
                BEQ_MINUS_12
        };
 
-       aice_execute_dim(instructions, 4);
+       aice_execute_dim(coreid, instructions, 4);
 
-       aice_read_dtr(current_target_id, &value);
+       aice_read_dtr(coreid, &value);
        *data = value & 0xFFFF;
 
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_read_mem_w_dim(uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
+static int aice_usb_read_mem_w_dim(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
 {
        uint32_t instructions[4] = {
                LWI_BI(R1, R0),
@@ -2990,14 +3054,14 @@ static int aice_usb_read_mem_w_dim(uint32_t address, uint32_t *data)
                BEQ_MINUS_12
        };
 
-       aice_execute_dim(instructions, 4);
+       aice_execute_dim(coreid, instructions, 4);
 
-       aice_read_dtr(current_target_id, data);
+       aice_read_dtr(coreid, data);
 
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_set_address_dim(uint32_t address)
+static int aice_usb_set_address_dim(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t address)
 {
        uint32_t instructions[4] = {
                SETHI(R0, address >> 12),
@@ -3006,17 +3070,18 @@ static int aice_usb_set_address_dim(uint32_t address)
                BEQ_MINUS_12
        };
 
-       return aice_execute_dim(instructions, 4);
+       return aice_execute_dim(coreid, instructions, 4);
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_read_memory_unit(uint32_t addr, uint32_t size,
+static int aice_usb_read_memory_unit(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t addr, uint32_t size,
                uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer)
 {
-       LOG_DEBUG("aice_usb_read_memory_unit, addr: 0x%08x, size: %d, count: %d",
+       LOG_DEBUG("aice_usb_read_memory_unit, addr: 0x%08" PRIx32
+                       ", size: %" PRIu32 ", count: %" PRIu32 "",
                        addr, size, count);
 
-       if (NDS_MEMORY_ACC_CPU == access_channel)
-               aice_usb_set_address_dim(addr);
+       if (core_info[coreid].access_channel == NDS_MEMORY_ACC_CPU)
+               aice_usb_set_address_dim(coreid, addr);
 
        uint32_t value;
        size_t i;
@@ -3024,25 +3089,25 @@ static int aice_usb_read_memory_unit(uint32_t addr, uint32_t size,
 
        switch (size) {
                case 1:
-                       if (NDS_MEMORY_ACC_BUS == access_channel)
+                       if (core_info[coreid].access_channel == NDS_MEMORY_ACC_BUS)
                                read_mem_func = aice_usb_read_mem_b_bus;
                        else
                                read_mem_func = aice_usb_read_mem_b_dim;
 
                        for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-                               read_mem_func(addr, &value);
+                               read_mem_func(coreid, addr, &value);
                                *buffer++ = (uint8_t)value;
                                addr++;
                        }
                        break;
                case 2:
-                       if (NDS_MEMORY_ACC_BUS == access_channel)
+                       if (core_info[coreid].access_channel == NDS_MEMORY_ACC_BUS)
                                read_mem_func = aice_usb_read_mem_h_bus;
                        else
                                read_mem_func = aice_usb_read_mem_h_dim;
 
                        for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-                               read_mem_func(addr, &value);
+                               read_mem_func(coreid, addr, &value);
                                uint16_t svalue = value;
                                memcpy(buffer, &svalue, sizeof(uint16_t));
                                buffer += 2;
@@ -3050,13 +3115,13 @@ static int aice_usb_read_memory_unit(uint32_t addr, uint32_t size,
                        }
                        break;
                case 4:
-                       if (NDS_MEMORY_ACC_BUS == access_channel)
+                       if (core_info[coreid].access_channel == NDS_MEMORY_ACC_BUS)
                                read_mem_func = aice_usb_read_mem_w_bus;
                        else
                                read_mem_func = aice_usb_read_mem_w_dim;
 
                        for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-                               read_mem_func(addr, &value);
+                               read_mem_func(coreid, addr, &value);
                                memcpy(buffer, &value, sizeof(uint32_t));
                                buffer += 4;
                                addr += 4;
@@ -3067,22 +3132,22 @@ static int aice_usb_read_memory_unit(uint32_t addr, uint32_t size,
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_write_mem_b_bus(uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
+static int aice_usb_write_mem_b_bus(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
 {
-       return aice_write_mem_b(current_target_id, address, data);
+       return aice_write_mem_b(coreid, address, data);
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_write_mem_h_bus(uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
+static int aice_usb_write_mem_h_bus(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
 {
-       return aice_write_mem_h(current_target_id, address, data);
+       return aice_write_mem_h(coreid, address, data);
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_write_mem_w_bus(uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
+static int aice_usb_write_mem_w_bus(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
 {
-       return aice_write_mem(current_target_id, address, data);
+       return aice_write_mem(coreid, address, data);
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_write_mem_b_dim(uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
+static int aice_usb_write_mem_b_dim(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
 {
        uint32_t instructions[4] = {
                MFSR_DTR(R1),
@@ -3091,13 +3156,13 @@ static int aice_usb_write_mem_b_dim(uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
                BEQ_MINUS_12
        };
 
-       aice_write_dtr(current_target_id, data & 0xFF);
-       aice_execute_dim(instructions, 4);
+       aice_write_dtr(coreid, data & 0xFF);
+       aice_execute_dim(coreid, instructions, 4);
 
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_write_mem_h_dim(uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
+static int aice_usb_write_mem_h_dim(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
 {
        uint32_t instructions[4] = {
                MFSR_DTR(R1),
@@ -3106,13 +3171,13 @@ static int aice_usb_write_mem_h_dim(uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
                BEQ_MINUS_12
        };
 
-       aice_write_dtr(current_target_id, data & 0xFFFF);
-       aice_execute_dim(instructions, 4);
+       aice_write_dtr(coreid, data & 0xFFFF);
+       aice_execute_dim(coreid, instructions, 4);
 
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_write_mem_w_dim(uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
+static int aice_usb_write_mem_w_dim(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
 {
        uint32_t instructions[4] = {
                MFSR_DTR(R1),
@@ -3121,39 +3186,40 @@ static int aice_usb_write_mem_w_dim(uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
                BEQ_MINUS_12
        };
 
-       aice_write_dtr(current_target_id, data);
-       aice_execute_dim(instructions, 4);
+       aice_write_dtr(coreid, data);
+       aice_execute_dim(coreid, instructions, 4);
 
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_write_memory_unit(uint32_t addr, uint32_t size,
+static int aice_usb_write_memory_unit(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t addr, uint32_t size,
                uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buffer)
 {
-       LOG_DEBUG("aice_usb_write_memory_unit, addr: 0x%08x, size: %d, count: %d",
+       LOG_DEBUG("aice_usb_write_memory_unit, addr: 0x%08" PRIx32
+                       ", size: %" PRIu32 ", count: %" PRIu32 "",
                        addr, size, count);
 
-       if (NDS_MEMORY_ACC_CPU == access_channel)
-               aice_usb_set_address_dim(addr);
+       if (core_info[coreid].access_channel == NDS_MEMORY_ACC_CPU)
+               aice_usb_set_address_dim(coreid, addr);
 
        size_t i;
        write_mem_func_t write_mem_func;
 
        switch (size) {
                case 1:
-                       if (NDS_MEMORY_ACC_BUS == access_channel)
+                       if (core_info[coreid].access_channel == NDS_MEMORY_ACC_BUS)
                                write_mem_func = aice_usb_write_mem_b_bus;
                        else
                                write_mem_func = aice_usb_write_mem_b_dim;
 
                        for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-                               write_mem_func(addr, *buffer);
+                               write_mem_func(coreid, addr, *buffer);
                                buffer++;
                                addr++;
                        }
                        break;
                case 2:
-                       if (NDS_MEMORY_ACC_BUS == access_channel)
+                       if (core_info[coreid].access_channel == NDS_MEMORY_ACC_BUS)
                                write_mem_func = aice_usb_write_mem_h_bus;
                        else
                                write_mem_func = aice_usb_write_mem_h_dim;
@@ -3162,13 +3228,13 @@ static int aice_usb_write_memory_unit(uint32_t addr, uint32_t size,
                                uint16_t value;
                                memcpy(&value, buffer, sizeof(uint16_t));
 
-                               write_mem_func(addr, value);
+                               write_mem_func(coreid, addr, value);
                                buffer += 2;
                                addr += 2;
                        }
                        break;
                case 4:
-                       if (NDS_MEMORY_ACC_BUS == access_channel)
+                       if (core_info[coreid].access_channel == NDS_MEMORY_ACC_BUS)
                                write_mem_func = aice_usb_write_mem_w_bus;
                        else
                                write_mem_func = aice_usb_write_mem_w_dim;
@@ -3177,7 +3243,7 @@ static int aice_usb_write_memory_unit(uint32_t addr, uint32_t size,
                                uint32_t value;
                                memcpy(&value, buffer, sizeof(uint32_t));
 
-                               write_mem_func(addr, value);
+                               write_mem_func(coreid, addr, value);
                                buffer += 4;
                                addr += 4;
                        }
@@ -3187,7 +3253,8 @@ static int aice_usb_write_memory_unit(uint32_t addr, uint32_t size,
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int aice_bulk_read_mem(uint32_t addr, uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer)
+static int aice_bulk_read_mem(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t addr, uint32_t count,
+               uint8_t *buffer)
 {
        uint32_t packet_size;
 
@@ -3196,10 +3263,10 @@ static int aice_bulk_read_mem(uint32_t addr, uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer)
 
                /** set address */
                addr &= 0xFFFFFFFC;
-               if (aice_write_misc(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_MISC_SBAR, addr) != ERROR_OK)
+               if (aice_write_misc(coreid, NDS_EDM_MISC_SBAR, addr) != ERROR_OK)
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
-               if (aice_fastread_mem(current_target_id, buffer,
+               if (aice_fastread_mem(coreid, buffer,
                                        packet_size) != ERROR_OK)
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
@@ -3211,7 +3278,8 @@ static int aice_bulk_read_mem(uint32_t addr, uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int aice_bulk_write_mem(uint32_t addr, uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buffer)
+static int aice_bulk_write_mem(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t addr, uint32_t count,
+               const uint8_t *buffer)
 {
        uint32_t packet_size;
 
@@ -3220,10 +3288,10 @@ static int aice_bulk_write_mem(uint32_t addr, uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buf
 
                /** set address */
                addr &= 0xFFFFFFFC;
-               if (aice_write_misc(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_MISC_SBAR, addr | 1) != ERROR_OK)
+               if (aice_write_misc(coreid, NDS_EDM_MISC_SBAR, addr | 1) != ERROR_OK)
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
-               if (aice_fastwrite_mem(current_target_id, buffer,
+               if (aice_fastwrite_mem(coreid, buffer,
                                        packet_size) != ERROR_OK)
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
@@ -3235,111 +3303,107 @@ static int aice_bulk_write_mem(uint32_t addr, uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buf
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_bulk_read_mem(uint32_t addr, uint32_t length, uint8_t *buffer)
+static int aice_usb_bulk_read_mem(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t addr,
+               uint32_t length, uint8_t *buffer)
 {
-       LOG_DEBUG("aice_usb_bulk_read_mem, addr: 0x%08x, length: 0x%08x", addr, length);
+       LOG_DEBUG("aice_usb_bulk_read_mem, addr: 0x%08" PRIx32 ", length: 0x%08" PRIx32, addr, length);
 
        int retval;
 
-       if (NDS_MEMORY_ACC_CPU == access_channel)
-               aice_usb_set_address_dim(addr);
+       if (core_info[coreid].access_channel == NDS_MEMORY_ACC_CPU)
+               aice_usb_set_address_dim(coreid, addr);
 
-       if (NDS_MEMORY_ACC_CPU == access_channel)
-               retval = aice_usb_read_memory_unit(addr, 4, length / 4, buffer);
+       if (core_info[coreid].access_channel == NDS_MEMORY_ACC_CPU)
+               retval = aice_usb_read_memory_unit(coreid, addr, 4, length / 4, buffer);
        else
-               retval = aice_bulk_read_mem(addr, length / 4, buffer);
+               retval = aice_bulk_read_mem(coreid, addr, length / 4, buffer);
 
        return retval;
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_bulk_write_mem(uint32_t addr, uint32_t length, const uint8_t *buffer)
+static int aice_usb_bulk_write_mem(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t addr,
+               uint32_t length, const uint8_t *buffer)
 {
-       LOG_DEBUG("aice_usb_bulk_write_mem, addr: 0x%08x, length: 0x%08x", addr, length);
+       LOG_DEBUG("aice_usb_bulk_write_mem, addr: 0x%08" PRIx32 ", length: 0x%08" PRIx32, addr, length);
 
        int retval;
 
-       if (NDS_MEMORY_ACC_CPU == access_channel)
-               aice_usb_set_address_dim(addr);
+       if (core_info[coreid].access_channel == NDS_MEMORY_ACC_CPU)
+               aice_usb_set_address_dim(coreid, addr);
 
-       if (NDS_MEMORY_ACC_CPU == access_channel)
-               retval = aice_usb_write_memory_unit(addr, 4, length / 4, buffer);
+       if (core_info[coreid].access_channel == NDS_MEMORY_ACC_CPU)
+               retval = aice_usb_write_memory_unit(coreid, addr, 4, length / 4, buffer);
        else
-               retval = aice_bulk_write_mem(addr, length / 4, buffer);
+               retval = aice_bulk_write_mem(coreid, addr, length / 4, buffer);
 
        return retval;
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_read_debug_reg(uint32_t addr, uint32_t *val)
+static int aice_usb_read_debug_reg(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t addr, uint32_t *val)
 {
-       if (AICE_TARGET_HALTED == core_state) {
-               if (NDS_EDM_SR_EDMSW == addr) {
-                       *val = edmsw_backup;
-               } else if (NDS_EDM_SR_EDM_DTR == addr) {
-                       if (target_dtr_valid) {
+       if (core_info[coreid].core_state == AICE_TARGET_HALTED) {
+               if (addr == NDS_EDM_SR_EDMSW) {
+                       *val = core_info[coreid].edmsw_backup;
+               } else if (addr == NDS_EDM_SR_EDM_DTR) {
+                       if (core_info[coreid].target_dtr_valid) {
                                /* if EDM_DTR has read out, clear it. */
-                               *val = target_dtr_backup;
-                               edmsw_backup &= (~0x1);
-                               target_dtr_valid = false;
+                               *val = core_info[coreid].target_dtr_backup;
+                               core_info[coreid].edmsw_backup &= (~0x1);
+                               core_info[coreid].target_dtr_valid = false;
                        } else {
                                *val = 0;
                        }
                }
        }
 
-       return aice_read_edmsr(current_target_id, addr, val);
+       return aice_read_edmsr(coreid, addr, val);
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_write_debug_reg(uint32_t addr, const uint32_t val)
+static int aice_usb_write_debug_reg(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t addr, const uint32_t val)
 {
-       if (AICE_TARGET_HALTED == core_state) {
-               if (NDS_EDM_SR_EDM_DTR == addr) {
-                       host_dtr_backup = val;
-                       edmsw_backup |= 0x2;
-                       host_dtr_valid = true;
+       if (core_info[coreid].core_state == AICE_TARGET_HALTED) {
+               if (addr == NDS_EDM_SR_EDM_DTR) {
+                       core_info[coreid].host_dtr_backup = val;
+                       core_info[coreid].edmsw_backup |= 0x2;
+                       core_info[coreid].host_dtr_valid = true;
                }
        }
 
-       return aice_write_edmsr(current_target_id, addr, val);
+       return aice_write_edmsr(coreid, addr, val);
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_select_target(uint32_t target_id)
+static int aice_usb_memory_access(uint32_t coreid, enum nds_memory_access channel)
 {
-       current_target_id = target_id;
+       LOG_DEBUG("aice_usb_memory_access, access channel: %u", channel);
 
-       return ERROR_OK;
-}
-
-static int aice_usb_memory_access(enum nds_memory_access channel)
-{
-       LOG_DEBUG("aice_usb_memory_access, access channel: %d", channel);
-
-       access_channel = channel;
+       core_info[coreid].access_channel = channel;
 
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_memory_mode(enum nds_memory_select mem_select)
+static int aice_usb_memory_mode(uint32_t coreid, enum nds_memory_select mem_select)
 {
-       if (memory_select == mem_select)
+       if (core_info[coreid].memory_select == mem_select)
                return ERROR_OK;
 
-       LOG_DEBUG("aice_usb_memory_mode, memory select: %d", mem_select);
+       LOG_DEBUG("aice_usb_memory_mode, memory select: %u", mem_select);
 
-       memory_select = mem_select;
+       core_info[coreid].memory_select = mem_select;
 
-       if (NDS_MEMORY_SELECT_AUTO != memory_select)
-               aice_write_misc(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_MISC_ACC_CTL,
-                               memory_select - 1);
+       if (core_info[coreid].memory_select != NDS_MEMORY_SELECT_AUTO)
+               aice_write_misc(coreid, NDS_EDM_MISC_ACC_CTL,
+                               core_info[coreid].memory_select - 1);
        else
-               aice_write_misc(current_target_id, NDS_EDM_MISC_ACC_CTL,
+               aice_write_misc(coreid, NDS_EDM_MISC_ACC_CTL,
                                NDS_MEMORY_SELECT_MEM - 1);
 
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_read_tlb(uint32_t virtual_address, uint32_t *physical_address)
+static int aice_usb_read_tlb(uint32_t coreid, target_addr_t virtual_address,
+               target_addr_t *physical_address)
 {
-       LOG_DEBUG("aice_usb_read_tlb, virtual address: 0x%08x", virtual_address);
+       LOG_DEBUG("aice_usb_read_tlb, virtual address: 0x%08" TARGET_PRIxADDR, virtual_address);
 
        uint32_t instructions[4];
        uint32_t probe_result;
@@ -3349,42 +3413,42 @@ static int aice_usb_read_tlb(uint32_t virtual_address, uint32_t *physical_addres
        uint32_t virtual_offset;
        uint32_t physical_page_number;
 
-       aice_write_dtr(current_target_id, virtual_address);
+       aice_write_dtr(coreid, virtual_address);
 
        /* probe TLB first */
        instructions[0] = MFSR_DTR(R0);
        instructions[1] = TLBOP_TARGET_PROBE(R1, R0);
        instructions[2] = DSB;
        instructions[3] = BEQ_MINUS_12;
-       aice_execute_dim(instructions, 4);
+       aice_execute_dim(coreid, instructions, 4);
 
-       aice_read_reg(R1, &probe_result);
+       aice_read_reg(coreid, R1, &probe_result);
 
        if (probe_result & 0x80000000)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
        /* read TLB entry */
-       aice_write_dtr(current_target_id, probe_result & 0x7FF);
+       aice_write_dtr(coreid, probe_result & 0x7FF);
 
        /* probe TLB first */
        instructions[0] = MFSR_DTR(R0);
        instructions[1] = TLBOP_TARGET_READ(R0);
        instructions[2] = DSB;
        instructions[3] = BEQ_MINUS_12;
-       aice_execute_dim(instructions, 4);
+       aice_execute_dim(coreid, instructions, 4);
 
        /* TODO: it should backup mr3, mr4 */
-       aice_read_reg(MR3, &value_mr3);
-       aice_read_reg(MR4, &value_mr4);
+       aice_read_reg(coreid, MR3, &value_mr3);
+       aice_read_reg(coreid, MR4, &value_mr4);
 
        access_page_size = value_mr4 & 0xF;
-       if (0 == access_page_size) { /* 4K page */
+       if (access_page_size == 0) { /* 4K page */
                virtual_offset = virtual_address & 0x00000FFF;
                physical_page_number = value_mr3 & 0xFFFFF000;
-       } else if (1 == access_page_size) { /* 8K page */
+       } else if (access_page_size == 1) { /* 8K page */
                virtual_offset = virtual_address & 0x00001FFF;
                physical_page_number = value_mr3 & 0xFFFFE000;
-       } else if (5 == access_page_size) { /* 1M page */
+       } else if (access_page_size == 5) { /* 1M page */
                virtual_offset = virtual_address & 0x000FFFFF;
                physical_page_number = value_mr3 & 0xFFF00000;
        } else {
@@ -3396,56 +3460,60 @@ static int aice_usb_read_tlb(uint32_t virtual_address, uint32_t *physical_addres
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_init_cache(void)
+static int aice_usb_init_cache(uint32_t coreid)
 {
        LOG_DEBUG("aice_usb_init_cache");
 
        uint32_t value_cr1;
        uint32_t value_cr2;
 
-       aice_read_reg(CR1, &value_cr1);
-       aice_read_reg(CR2, &value_cr2);
-
-       icache.set = value_cr1 & 0x7;
-       icache.log2_set = icache.set + 6;
-       icache.set = 64 << icache.set;
-       icache.way = ((value_cr1 >> 3) & 0x7) + 1;
-       icache.line_size = (value_cr1 >> 6) & 0x7;
-       if (icache.line_size != 0) {
-               icache.log2_line_size = icache.line_size + 2;
-               icache.line_size = 8 << (icache.line_size - 1);
+       aice_read_reg(coreid, CR1, &value_cr1);
+       aice_read_reg(coreid, CR2, &value_cr2);
+
+       struct cache_info *icache = &core_info[coreid].icache;
+
+       icache->set = value_cr1 & 0x7;
+       icache->log2_set = icache->set + 6;
+       icache->set = 64 << icache->set;
+       icache->way = ((value_cr1 >> 3) & 0x7) + 1;
+       icache->line_size = (value_cr1 >> 6) & 0x7;
+       if (icache->line_size != 0) {
+               icache->log2_line_size = icache->line_size + 2;
+               icache->line_size = 8 << (icache->line_size - 1);
        } else {
-               icache.log2_line_size = 0;
-       }
-
-       LOG_DEBUG("\ticache set: %d, way: %d, line size: %d, "
-                       "log2(set): %d, log2(line_size): %d",
-                       icache.set, icache.way, icache.line_size,
-                       icache.log2_set, icache.log2_line_size);
-
-       dcache.set = value_cr2 & 0x7;
-       dcache.log2_set = dcache.set + 6;
-       dcache.set = 64 << dcache.set;
-       dcache.way = ((value_cr2 >> 3) & 0x7) + 1;
-       dcache.line_size = (value_cr2 >> 6) & 0x7;
-       if (dcache.line_size != 0) {
-               dcache.log2_line_size = dcache.line_size + 2;
-               dcache.line_size = 8 << (dcache.line_size - 1);
+               icache->log2_line_size = 0;
+       }
+
+       LOG_DEBUG("\ticache set: %" PRIu32 ", way: %" PRIu32 ", line size: %" PRIu32 ", "
+                       "log2(set): %" PRIu32 ", log2(line_size): %" PRIu32 "",
+                       icache->set, icache->way, icache->line_size,
+                       icache->log2_set, icache->log2_line_size);
+
+       struct cache_info *dcache = &core_info[coreid].dcache;
+
+       dcache->set = value_cr2 & 0x7;
+       dcache->log2_set = dcache->set + 6;
+       dcache->set = 64 << dcache->set;
+       dcache->way = ((value_cr2 >> 3) & 0x7) + 1;
+       dcache->line_size = (value_cr2 >> 6) & 0x7;
+       if (dcache->line_size != 0) {
+               dcache->log2_line_size = dcache->line_size + 2;
+               dcache->line_size = 8 << (dcache->line_size - 1);
        } else {
-               dcache.log2_line_size = 0;
+               dcache->log2_line_size = 0;
        }
 
-       LOG_DEBUG("\tdcache set: %d, way: %d, line size: %d, "
-                       "log2(set): %d, log2(line_size): %d",
-                       dcache.set, dcache.way, dcache.line_size,
-                       dcache.log2_set, dcache.log2_line_size);
+       LOG_DEBUG("\tdcache set: %" PRIu32 ", way: %" PRIu32 ", line size: %" PRIu32 ", "
+                       "log2(set): %" PRIu32 ", log2(line_size): %" PRIu32 "",
+                       dcache->set, dcache->way, dcache->line_size,
+                       dcache->log2_set, dcache->log2_line_size);
 
-       cache_init = true;
+       core_info[coreid].cache_init = true;
 
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_dcache_inval_all(void)
+static int aice_usb_dcache_inval_all(uint32_t coreid)
 {
        LOG_DEBUG("aice_usb_dcache_inval_all");
 
@@ -3459,15 +3527,17 @@ static int aice_usb_dcache_inval_all(void)
        instructions[2] = DSB;
        instructions[3] = BEQ_MINUS_12;
 
-       for (set_index = 0; set_index < dcache.set; set_index++) {
-               for (way_index = 0; way_index < dcache.way; way_index++) {
-                       cache_index = (way_index << (dcache.log2_set + dcache.log2_line_size)) |
-                               (set_index << dcache.log2_line_size);
+       struct cache_info *dcache = &core_info[coreid].dcache;
+
+       for (set_index = 0; set_index < dcache->set; set_index++) {
+               for (way_index = 0; way_index < dcache->way; way_index++) {
+                       cache_index = (way_index << (dcache->log2_set + dcache->log2_line_size)) |
+                               (set_index << dcache->log2_line_size);
 
-                       if (ERROR_OK != aice_write_dtr(current_target_id, cache_index))
+                       if (aice_write_dtr(coreid, cache_index) != ERROR_OK)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
-                       if (ERROR_OK != aice_execute_dim(instructions, 4))
+                       if (aice_execute_dim(coreid, instructions, 4) != ERROR_OK)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
                }
        }
@@ -3475,23 +3545,23 @@ static int aice_usb_dcache_inval_all(void)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_dcache_va_inval(uint32_t address)
+static int aice_usb_dcache_va_inval(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t address)
 {
        LOG_DEBUG("aice_usb_dcache_va_inval");
 
        uint32_t instructions[4];
 
-       aice_write_dtr(current_target_id, address);
+       aice_write_dtr(coreid, address);
 
        instructions[0] = MFSR_DTR(R0);
        instructions[1] = L1D_VA_INVAL(R0);
        instructions[2] = DSB;
        instructions[3] = BEQ_MINUS_12;
 
-       return aice_execute_dim(instructions, 4);
+       return aice_execute_dim(coreid, instructions, 4);
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_dcache_wb_all(void)
+static int aice_usb_dcache_wb_all(uint32_t coreid)
 {
        LOG_DEBUG("aice_usb_dcache_wb_all");
 
@@ -3505,15 +3575,17 @@ static int aice_usb_dcache_wb_all(void)
        instructions[2] = DSB;
        instructions[3] = BEQ_MINUS_12;
 
-       for (set_index = 0; set_index < dcache.set; set_index++) {
-               for (way_index = 0; way_index < dcache.way; way_index++) {
-                       cache_index = (way_index << (dcache.log2_set + dcache.log2_line_size)) |
-                               (set_index << dcache.log2_line_size);
+       struct cache_info *dcache = &core_info[coreid].dcache;
+
+       for (set_index = 0; set_index < dcache->set; set_index++) {
+               for (way_index = 0; way_index < dcache->way; way_index++) {
+                       cache_index = (way_index << (dcache->log2_set + dcache->log2_line_size)) |
+                               (set_index << dcache->log2_line_size);
 
-                       if (ERROR_OK != aice_write_dtr(current_target_id, cache_index))
+                       if (aice_write_dtr(coreid, cache_index) != ERROR_OK)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
-                       if (ERROR_OK != aice_execute_dim(instructions, 4))
+                       if (aice_execute_dim(coreid, instructions, 4) != ERROR_OK)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
                }
        }
@@ -3521,23 +3593,23 @@ static int aice_usb_dcache_wb_all(void)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_dcache_va_wb(uint32_t address)
+static int aice_usb_dcache_va_wb(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t address)
 {
        LOG_DEBUG("aice_usb_dcache_va_wb");
 
        uint32_t instructions[4];
 
-       aice_write_dtr(current_target_id, address);
+       aice_write_dtr(coreid, address);
 
        instructions[0] = MFSR_DTR(R0);
        instructions[1] = L1D_VA_WB(R0);
        instructions[2] = DSB;
        instructions[3] = BEQ_MINUS_12;
 
-       return aice_execute_dim(instructions, 4);
+       return aice_execute_dim(coreid, instructions, 4);
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_icache_inval_all(void)
+static int aice_usb_icache_inval_all(uint32_t coreid)
 {
        LOG_DEBUG("aice_usb_icache_inval_all");
 
@@ -3551,15 +3623,17 @@ static int aice_usb_icache_inval_all(void)
        instructions[2] = ISB;
        instructions[3] = BEQ_MINUS_12;
 
-       for (set_index = 0; set_index < icache.set; set_index++) {
-               for (way_index = 0; way_index < icache.way; way_index++) {
-                       cache_index = (way_index << (icache.log2_set + icache.log2_line_size)) |
-                               (set_index << icache.log2_line_size);
+       struct cache_info *icache = &core_info[coreid].icache;
 
-                       if (ERROR_OK != aice_write_dtr(current_target_id, cache_index))
+       for (set_index = 0; set_index < icache->set; set_index++) {
+               for (way_index = 0; way_index < icache->way; way_index++) {
+                       cache_index = (way_index << (icache->log2_set + icache->log2_line_size)) |
+                               (set_index << icache->log2_line_size);
+
+                       if (aice_write_dtr(coreid, cache_index) != ERROR_OK)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
-                       if (ERROR_OK != aice_execute_dim(instructions, 4))
+                       if (aice_execute_dim(coreid, instructions, 4) != ERROR_OK)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
                }
        }
@@ -3567,49 +3641,49 @@ static int aice_usb_icache_inval_all(void)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_icache_va_inval(uint32_t address)
+static int aice_usb_icache_va_inval(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t address)
 {
        LOG_DEBUG("aice_usb_icache_va_inval");
 
        uint32_t instructions[4];
 
-       aice_write_dtr(current_target_id, address);
+       aice_write_dtr(coreid, address);
 
        instructions[0] = MFSR_DTR(R0);
        instructions[1] = L1I_VA_INVAL(R0);
        instructions[2] = ISB;
        instructions[3] = BEQ_MINUS_12;
 
-       return aice_execute_dim(instructions, 4);
+       return aice_execute_dim(coreid, instructions, 4);
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_cache_ctl(uint32_t subtype, uint32_t address)
+static int aice_usb_cache_ctl(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t subtype, uint32_t address)
 {
        LOG_DEBUG("aice_usb_cache_ctl");
 
        int result;
 
-       if (cache_init == false)
-               aice_usb_init_cache();
+       if (core_info[coreid].cache_init == false)
+               aice_usb_init_cache(coreid);
 
        switch (subtype) {
                case AICE_CACHE_CTL_L1D_INVALALL:
-                       result = aice_usb_dcache_inval_all();
+                       result = aice_usb_dcache_inval_all(coreid);
                        break;
                case AICE_CACHE_CTL_L1D_VA_INVAL:
-                       result = aice_usb_dcache_va_inval(address);
+                       result = aice_usb_dcache_va_inval(coreid, address);
                        break;
                case AICE_CACHE_CTL_L1D_WBALL:
-                       result = aice_usb_dcache_wb_all();
+                       result = aice_usb_dcache_wb_all(coreid);
                        break;
                case AICE_CACHE_CTL_L1D_VA_WB:
-                       result = aice_usb_dcache_va_wb(address);
+                       result = aice_usb_dcache_va_wb(coreid, address);
                        break;
                case AICE_CACHE_CTL_L1I_INVALALL:
-                       result = aice_usb_icache_inval_all();
+                       result = aice_usb_icache_inval_all(coreid);
                        break;
                case AICE_CACHE_CTL_L1I_VA_INVAL:
-                       result = aice_usb_icache_va_inval(address);
+                       result = aice_usb_icache_va_inval(coreid, address);
                        break;
                default:
                        result = ERROR_FAIL;
@@ -3625,7 +3699,7 @@ static int aice_usb_set_retry_times(uint32_t a_retry_times)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_program_edm(char *command_sequence)
+static int aice_usb_program_edm(uint32_t coreid, char *command_sequence)
 {
        char *command_str;
        char *reg_name_0;
@@ -3635,7 +3709,7 @@ static int aice_usb_program_edm(char *command_sequence)
 
        /* init strtok() */
        command_str = strtok(command_sequence, ";");
-       if (command_str == NULL)
+       if (!command_str)
                return ERROR_OK;
 
        do {
@@ -3654,17 +3728,17 @@ static int aice_usb_program_edm(char *command_sequence)
                        reg_name_0 = strstr(command_str, "gen_port0");
                        reg_name_1 = strstr(command_str, "gen_port1");
 
-                       if (reg_name_0 != NULL) {
+                       if (reg_name_0) {
                                data_value = strtoul(reg_name_0 + 9, NULL, 0);
 
-                               if (aice_write_misc(current_target_id,
+                               if (aice_write_misc(coreid,
                                                        NDS_EDM_MISC_GEN_PORT0, data_value) != ERROR_OK)
                                        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
-                       } else if (reg_name_1 != NULL) {
+                       } else if (reg_name_1) {
                                data_value = strtoul(reg_name_1 + 9, NULL, 0);
 
-                               if (aice_write_misc(current_target_id,
+                               if (aice_write_misc(coreid,
                                                        NDS_EDM_MISC_GEN_PORT1, data_value) != ERROR_OK)
                                        return ERROR_FAIL;
                        } else {
@@ -3677,7 +3751,7 @@ static int aice_usb_program_edm(char *command_sequence)
                /* update command_str */
                command_str = strtok(NULL, ";");
 
-       } while (command_str != NULL);
+       } while (command_str);
 
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
@@ -3689,7 +3763,7 @@ static int aice_usb_set_command_mode(enum aice_command_mode command_mode)
        /* flush usb_packets_buffer as users change mode */
        retval = aice_usb_packet_flush();
 
-       if (AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH == command_mode) {
+       if (command_mode == AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH) {
                /* reset batch buffer */
                aice_command_mode = AICE_COMMAND_MODE_NORMAL;
                retval = aice_write_ctrl(AICE_WRITE_CTRL_BATCH_CMD_BUF0_CTRL, 0x40000);
@@ -3700,7 +3774,8 @@ static int aice_usb_set_command_mode(enum aice_command_mode command_mode)
        return retval;
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_execute(uint32_t *instructions, uint32_t instruction_num)
+static int aice_usb_execute(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t *instructions,
+               uint32_t instruction_num)
 {
        uint32_t i, j;
        uint8_t current_instruction_num;
@@ -3708,7 +3783,7 @@ static int aice_usb_execute(uint32_t *instructions, uint32_t instruction_num)
 
        /* To execute 4 instructions as a special case */
        if (instruction_num == 4)
-               return aice_execute_dim(instructions, 4);
+               return aice_execute_dim(coreid, instructions, 4);
 
        for (i = 0 ; i < instruction_num ; i += 3) {
                if (instruction_num - i < 3) {
@@ -3723,25 +3798,25 @@ static int aice_usb_execute(uint32_t *instructions, uint32_t instruction_num)
                                current_instruction_num * sizeof(uint32_t));
 
                /** fill DIM */
-               if (aice_write_dim(current_target_id,
+               if (aice_write_dim(coreid,
                                        dim_instructions,
                                        4) != ERROR_OK)
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
                /** clear DBGER.DPED */
-               if (aice_write_misc(current_target_id,
+               if (aice_write_misc(coreid,
                                        NDS_EDM_MISC_DBGER, NDS_DBGER_DPED) != ERROR_OK)
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
                /** execute DIM */
-               if (aice_do_execute(current_target_id) != ERROR_OK)
+               if (aice_do_execute(coreid) != ERROR_OK)
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
                /** check DBGER.DPED */
-               if (aice_check_dbger(NDS_DBGER_DPED) != ERROR_OK) {
+               if (aice_check_dbger(coreid, NDS_DBGER_DPED) != ERROR_OK) {
 
                        LOG_ERROR("<-- TARGET ERROR! Debug operations do not finish properly:"
-                                       "0x%08x 0x%08x 0x%08x 0x%08x. -->",
+                                       "0x%08" PRIx32 " 0x%08" PRIx32 " 0x%08" PRIx32 " 0x%08" PRIx32 ". -->",
                                        dim_instructions[0],
                                        dim_instructions[1],
                                        dim_instructions[2],
@@ -3781,13 +3856,176 @@ static int aice_usb_set_count_to_check_dbger(uint32_t count_to_check)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int aice_usb_set_data_endian(enum aice_target_endian target_data_endian)
+static int aice_usb_set_data_endian(uint32_t coreid,
+               enum aice_target_endian target_data_endian)
 {
        data_endian = target_data_endian;
 
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
+static int fill_profiling_batch_commands(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t reg_no)
+{
+       uint32_t dim_instructions[4];
+
+       aice_usb_set_command_mode(AICE_COMMAND_MODE_BATCH);
+
+       /* halt */
+       if (aice_write_misc(coreid, NDS_EDM_MISC_EDM_CMDR, 0) != ERROR_OK)
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+
+       /* backup $r0 */
+       dim_instructions[0] = MTSR_DTR(0);
+       dim_instructions[1] = DSB;
+       dim_instructions[2] = NOP;
+       dim_instructions[3] = BEQ_MINUS_12;
+       if (aice_write_dim(coreid, dim_instructions, 4) != ERROR_OK)
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+       aice_read_dtr_to_buffer(coreid, AICE_BATCH_DATA_BUFFER_0);
+
+       /* get samples */
+       if (nds32_reg_type(reg_no) == NDS32_REG_TYPE_GPR) {
+               /* general registers */
+               dim_instructions[0] = MTSR_DTR(reg_no);
+               dim_instructions[1] = DSB;
+               dim_instructions[2] = NOP;
+               dim_instructions[3] = BEQ_MINUS_12;
+       } else if (nds32_reg_type(reg_no) == NDS32_REG_TYPE_SPR) {
+               /* user special registers */
+               dim_instructions[0] = MFUSR_G0(0, nds32_reg_sr_index(reg_no));
+               dim_instructions[1] = MTSR_DTR(0);
+               dim_instructions[2] = DSB;
+               dim_instructions[3] = BEQ_MINUS_12;
+       } else { /* system registers */
+               dim_instructions[0] = MFSR(0, nds32_reg_sr_index(reg_no));
+               dim_instructions[1] = MTSR_DTR(0);
+               dim_instructions[2] = DSB;
+               dim_instructions[3] = BEQ_MINUS_12;
+       }
+       if (aice_write_dim(coreid, dim_instructions, 4) != ERROR_OK)
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+       aice_read_dtr_to_buffer(coreid, AICE_BATCH_DATA_BUFFER_1);
+
+       /* restore $r0 */
+       aice_write_dtr_from_buffer(coreid, AICE_BATCH_DATA_BUFFER_0);
+       dim_instructions[0] = MFSR_DTR(0);
+       dim_instructions[1] = DSB;
+       dim_instructions[2] = NOP;
+       dim_instructions[3] = IRET;  /* free run */
+       if (aice_write_dim(coreid, dim_instructions, 4) != ERROR_OK)
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+
+       aice_command_mode = AICE_COMMAND_MODE_NORMAL;
+
+       /* use BATCH_BUFFER_WRITE to fill command-batch-buffer */
+       if (aice_batch_buffer_write(AICE_BATCH_COMMAND_BUFFER_0,
+                               usb_out_packets_buffer,
+                               (usb_out_packets_buffer_length + 3) / 4) != ERROR_OK)
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+
+       usb_out_packets_buffer_length = 0;
+       usb_in_packets_buffer_length = 0;
+
+       return ERROR_OK;
+}
+
+static int aice_usb_profiling(uint32_t coreid, uint32_t interval, uint32_t iteration,
+               uint32_t reg_no, uint32_t *samples, uint32_t *num_samples)
+{
+       uint32_t iteration_count;
+       uint32_t this_iteration;
+       int retval = ERROR_OK;
+       const uint32_t MAX_ITERATION = 250;
+
+       *num_samples = 0;
+
+       /* init DIM size */
+       if (aice_write_ctrl(AICE_WRITE_CTRL_BATCH_DIM_SIZE, 4) != ERROR_OK)
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+
+       /* Use AICE_BATCH_DATA_BUFFER_0 to read/write $DTR.
+        * Set it to circular buffer */
+       if (aice_write_ctrl(AICE_WRITE_CTRL_BATCH_DATA_BUF0_CTRL, 0xC0000) != ERROR_OK)
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+
+       fill_profiling_batch_commands(coreid, reg_no);
+
+       iteration_count = 0;
+       while (iteration_count < iteration) {
+               if (iteration - iteration_count < MAX_ITERATION)
+                       this_iteration = iteration - iteration_count;
+               else
+                       this_iteration = MAX_ITERATION;
+
+               /* set number of iterations */
+               uint32_t val_iteration;
+               val_iteration = interval << 16 | this_iteration;
+               if (aice_write_ctrl(AICE_WRITE_CTRL_BATCH_ITERATION,
+                                       val_iteration) != ERROR_OK) {
+                       retval = ERROR_FAIL;
+                       goto end_profiling;
+               }
+
+               /* init AICE_WRITE_CTRL_BATCH_DATA_BUF1_CTRL to store $PC */
+               if (aice_write_ctrl(AICE_WRITE_CTRL_BATCH_DATA_BUF1_CTRL,
+                                       0x40000) != ERROR_OK) {
+                       retval = ERROR_FAIL;
+                       goto end_profiling;
+               }
+
+               aice_usb_run(coreid);
+
+               /* enable BATCH command */
+               if (aice_write_ctrl(AICE_WRITE_CTRL_BATCH_CTRL,
+                                       0x80000000) != ERROR_OK) {
+                       aice_usb_halt(coreid);
+                       retval = ERROR_FAIL;
+                       goto end_profiling;
+               }
+
+               /* wait a while (AICE bug, workaround) */
+               alive_sleep(this_iteration);
+
+               /* check status */
+               uint32_t i;
+               uint32_t batch_status = 0;
+
+               i = 0;
+               while (1) {
+                       aice_read_ctrl(AICE_READ_CTRL_BATCH_STATUS, &batch_status);
+
+                       if (batch_status & 0x1) {
+                               break;
+                       } else if (batch_status & 0xE) {
+                               aice_usb_halt(coreid);
+                               retval = ERROR_FAIL;
+                               goto end_profiling;
+                       }
+
+                       if ((i % 30) == 0)
+                               keep_alive();
+
+                       i++;
+               }
+
+               aice_usb_halt(coreid);
+
+               /* get samples from batch data buffer */
+               if (aice_batch_buffer_read(AICE_BATCH_DATA_BUFFER_1,
+                                       samples + iteration_count, this_iteration) != ERROR_OK) {
+                       retval = ERROR_FAIL;
+                       goto end_profiling;
+               }
+
+               iteration_count += this_iteration;
+       }
+
+end_profiling:
+       *num_samples = iteration_count;
+
+       return retval;
+}
+
 /** */
 struct aice_port_api_s aice_usb_api = {
        /** */
@@ -3831,8 +4069,6 @@ struct aice_port_api_s aice_usb_api = {
        /** */
        .set_jtag_clock = aice_usb_set_jtag_clock,
        /** */
-       .select_target = aice_usb_select_target,
-       /** */
        .memory_access = aice_usb_memory_access,
        /** */
        .memory_mode = aice_usb_memory_mode,
@@ -3858,4 +4094,6 @@ struct aice_port_api_s aice_usb_api = {
        .set_count_to_check_dbger = aice_usb_set_count_to_check_dbger,
        /** */
        .set_data_endian = aice_usb_set_data_endian,
+       /** */
+       .profiling = aice_usb_profiling,
 };