more details
[debian/amanda] / gnulib / vasnprintf.c
index 67406ae860c92ae5129973cd622e153cb9476c2c..d5b40286d5ca2deebd7e93bc7dbf5b8186183bff 100644 (file)
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 /* vsprintf with automatic memory allocation.
 /* vsprintf with automatic memory allocation.
-   Copyright (C) 1999, 2002-2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 1999, 2002-2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 
    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+   the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
    any later version.
 
    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    any later version.
 
    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
    Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.  */
 
    with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
    Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.  */
 
+/* This file can be parametrized with the following macros:
+     VASNPRINTF         The name of the function being defined.
+     FCHAR_T            The element type of the format string.
+     DCHAR_T            The element type of the destination (result) string.
+     FCHAR_T_ONLY_ASCII Set to 1 to enable verification that all characters
+                        in the format string are ASCII. MUST be set if
+                        FCHAR_T and DCHAR_T are not the same type.
+     DIRECTIVE          Structure denoting a format directive.
+                        Depends on FCHAR_T.
+     DIRECTIVES         Structure denoting the set of format directives of a
+                        format string.  Depends on FCHAR_T.
+     PRINTF_PARSE       Function that parses a format string.
+                        Depends on FCHAR_T.
+     DCHAR_CPY          memcpy like function for DCHAR_T[] arrays.
+     DCHAR_SET          memset like function for DCHAR_T[] arrays.
+     DCHAR_MBSNLEN      mbsnlen like function for DCHAR_T[] arrays.
+     SNPRINTF           The system's snprintf (or similar) function.
+                        This may be either snprintf or swprintf.
+     TCHAR_T            The element type of the argument and result string
+                        of the said SNPRINTF function.  This may be either
+                        char or wchar_t.  The code exploits that
+                        sizeof (TCHAR_T) | sizeof (DCHAR_T) and
+                        alignof (TCHAR_T) <= alignof (DCHAR_T).
+     DCHAR_IS_TCHAR     Set to 1 if DCHAR_T and TCHAR_T are the same type.
+     DCHAR_CONV_FROM_ENCODING A function to convert from char[] to DCHAR[].
+     DCHAR_IS_UINT8_T   Set to 1 if DCHAR_T is uint8_t.
+     DCHAR_IS_UINT16_T  Set to 1 if DCHAR_T is uint16_t.
+     DCHAR_IS_UINT32_T  Set to 1 if DCHAR_T is uint32_t.  */
+
 /* Tell glibc's <stdio.h> to provide a prototype for snprintf().
    This must come before <config.h> because <config.h> may include
    <features.h>, and once <features.h> has been included, it's too late.  */
 /* Tell glibc's <stdio.h> to provide a prototype for snprintf().
    This must come before <config.h> because <config.h> may include
    <features.h>, and once <features.h> has been included, it's too late.  */
 # define _GNU_SOURCE    1
 #endif
 
 # define _GNU_SOURCE    1
 #endif
 
-#include <config.h>
+#ifndef VASNPRINTF
+# include <config.h>
+#endif
 #ifndef IN_LIBINTL
 # include <alloca.h>
 #endif
 
 /* Specification.  */
 #ifndef IN_LIBINTL
 # include <alloca.h>
 #endif
 
 /* Specification.  */
-#if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
-# include "vasnwprintf.h"
-#else
-# include "vasnprintf.h"
+#ifndef VASNPRINTF
+# if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
+#  include "vasnwprintf.h"
+# else
+#  include "vasnprintf.h"
+# endif
 #endif
 
 #endif
 
+#include <locale.h>    /* localeconv() */
 #include <stdio.h>     /* snprintf(), sprintf() */
 #include <stdlib.h>    /* abort(), malloc(), realloc(), free() */
 #include <string.h>    /* memcpy(), strlen() */
 #include <errno.h>     /* errno */
 #include <limits.h>    /* CHAR_BIT */
 #include <float.h>     /* DBL_MAX_EXP, LDBL_MAX_EXP */
 #include <stdio.h>     /* snprintf(), sprintf() */
 #include <stdlib.h>    /* abort(), malloc(), realloc(), free() */
 #include <string.h>    /* memcpy(), strlen() */
 #include <errno.h>     /* errno */
 #include <limits.h>    /* CHAR_BIT */
 #include <float.h>     /* DBL_MAX_EXP, LDBL_MAX_EXP */
-#if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
-# include "wprintf-parse.h"
-#else
-# include "printf-parse.h"
+#if HAVE_NL_LANGINFO
+# include <langinfo.h>
+#endif
+#ifndef VASNPRINTF
+# if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
+#  include "wprintf-parse.h"
+# else
+#  include "printf-parse.h"
+# endif
 #endif
 
 /* Checked size_t computations.  */
 #include "xsize.h"
 
 #endif
 
 /* Checked size_t computations.  */
 #include "xsize.h"
 
+#if (NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE) && !defined IN_LIBINTL
+# include <math.h>
+# include "float+.h"
+#endif
+
+#if (NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_DOUBLE) && !defined IN_LIBINTL
+# include <math.h>
+# include "isnand.h"
+#endif
+
+#if (NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_LONG_DOUBLE) && !defined IN_LIBINTL
+# include <math.h>
+# include "isnanl-nolibm.h"
+# include "fpucw.h"
+#endif
+
+#if (NEED_PRINTF_DIRECTIVE_A || NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE) && !defined IN_LIBINTL
+# include <math.h>
+# include "isnand.h"
+# include "printf-frexp.h"
+#endif
+
+#if (NEED_PRINTF_DIRECTIVE_A || NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE) && !defined IN_LIBINTL
+# include <math.h>
+# include "isnanl-nolibm.h"
+# include "printf-frexpl.h"
+# include "fpucw.h"
+#endif
+
+/* Some systems, like OSF/1 4.0 and Woe32, don't have EOVERFLOW.  */
+#ifndef EOVERFLOW
+# define EOVERFLOW E2BIG
+#endif
+
 #if HAVE_WCHAR_T
 # if HAVE_WCSLEN
 #  define local_wcslen wcslen
 #if HAVE_WCHAR_T
 # if HAVE_WCSLEN
 #  define local_wcslen wcslen
@@ -72,12 +145,32 @@ local_wcslen (const wchar_t *s)
 # endif
 #endif
 
 # endif
 #endif
 
+/* Default parameters.  */
+#ifndef VASNPRINTF
+# if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
+#  define VASNPRINTF vasnwprintf
+#  define FCHAR_T wchar_t
+#  define DCHAR_T wchar_t
+#  define TCHAR_T wchar_t
+#  define DCHAR_IS_TCHAR 1
+#  define DIRECTIVE wchar_t_directive
+#  define DIRECTIVES wchar_t_directives
+#  define PRINTF_PARSE wprintf_parse
+#  define DCHAR_CPY wmemcpy
+# else
+#  define VASNPRINTF vasnprintf
+#  define FCHAR_T char
+#  define DCHAR_T char
+#  define TCHAR_T char
+#  define DCHAR_IS_TCHAR 1
+#  define DIRECTIVE char_directive
+#  define DIRECTIVES char_directives
+#  define PRINTF_PARSE printf_parse
+#  define DCHAR_CPY memcpy
+# endif
+#endif
 #if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
 #if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
-# define VASNPRINTF vasnwprintf
-# define CHAR_T wchar_t
-# define DIRECTIVE wchar_t_directive
-# define DIRECTIVES wchar_t_directives
-# define PRINTF_PARSE wprintf_parse
+  /* TCHAR_T is wchar_t.  */
 # define USE_SNPRINTF 1
 # if HAVE_DECL__SNWPRINTF
    /* On Windows, the function swprintf() has a different signature than
 # define USE_SNPRINTF 1
 # if HAVE_DECL__SNWPRINTF
    /* On Windows, the function swprintf() has a different signature than
@@ -88,236 +181,3490 @@ local_wcslen (const wchar_t *s)
 #  define SNPRINTF swprintf
 # endif
 #else
 #  define SNPRINTF swprintf
 # endif
 #else
-# define VASNPRINTF vasnprintf
-# define CHAR_T char
-# define DIRECTIVE char_directive
-# define DIRECTIVES char_directives
-# define PRINTF_PARSE printf_parse
-# define USE_SNPRINTF (HAVE_DECL__SNPRINTF || HAVE_SNPRINTF)
+  /* TCHAR_T is char.  */
+# /* Use snprintf if it exists under the name 'snprintf' or '_snprintf'.
+     But don't use it on BeOS, since BeOS snprintf produces no output if the
+     size argument is >= 0x3000000.  */
+# if (HAVE_DECL__SNPRINTF || HAVE_SNPRINTF) && !defined __BEOS__
+#  define USE_SNPRINTF 1
+# else
+#  define USE_SNPRINTF 0
+# endif
 # if HAVE_DECL__SNPRINTF
    /* Windows.  */
 #  define SNPRINTF _snprintf
 # else
    /* Unix.  */
 #  define SNPRINTF snprintf
 # if HAVE_DECL__SNPRINTF
    /* Windows.  */
 #  define SNPRINTF _snprintf
 # else
    /* Unix.  */
 #  define SNPRINTF snprintf
+   /* Here we need to call the native snprintf, not rpl_snprintf.  */
+#  undef snprintf
 # endif
 #endif
 # endif
 #endif
+/* Here we need to call the native sprintf, not rpl_sprintf.  */
+#undef sprintf
 
 
-CHAR_T *
-VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list args)
+#if (NEED_PRINTF_DIRECTIVE_A || NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_DOUBLE) && !defined IN_LIBINTL
+/* Determine the decimal-point character according to the current locale.  */
+# ifndef decimal_point_char_defined
+#  define decimal_point_char_defined 1
+static char
+decimal_point_char ()
 {
 {
-  DIRECTIVES d;
-  arguments a;
+  const char *point;
+  /* Determine it in a multithread-safe way.  We know nl_langinfo is
+     multithread-safe on glibc systems, but is not required to be multithread-
+     safe by POSIX.  sprintf(), however, is multithread-safe.  localeconv()
+     is rarely multithread-safe.  */
+#  if HAVE_NL_LANGINFO && __GLIBC__
+  point = nl_langinfo (RADIXCHAR);
+#  elif 1
+  char pointbuf[5];
+  sprintf (pointbuf, "%#.0f", 1.0);
+  point = &pointbuf[1];
+#  else
+  point = localeconv () -> decimal_point;
+#  endif
+  /* The decimal point is always a single byte: either '.' or ','.  */
+  return (point[0] != '\0' ? point[0] : '.');
+}
+# endif
+#endif
 
 
-  if (PRINTF_PARSE (format, &d, &a) < 0)
+#if NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_DOUBLE && !NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE && !defined IN_LIBINTL
+
+/* Equivalent to !isfinite(x) || x == 0, but does not require libm.  */
+static int
+is_infinite_or_zero (double x)
+{
+  return isnand (x) || x + x == x;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+#if NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_LONG_DOUBLE && !NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE && !defined IN_LIBINTL
+
+/* Equivalent to !isfinite(x), but does not require libm.  */
+static int
+is_infinitel (long double x)
+{
+  return isnanl (x) || (x + x == x && x != 0.0L);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+#if (NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE) && !defined IN_LIBINTL
+
+/* Converting 'long double' to decimal without rare rounding bugs requires
+   real bignums.  We use the naming conventions of GNU gmp, but vastly simpler
+   (and slower) algorithms.  */
+
+typedef unsigned int mp_limb_t;
+# define GMP_LIMB_BITS 32
+typedef int mp_limb_verify[2 * (sizeof (mp_limb_t) * CHAR_BIT == GMP_LIMB_BITS) - 1];
+
+typedef unsigned long long mp_twolimb_t;
+# define GMP_TWOLIMB_BITS 64
+typedef int mp_twolimb_verify[2 * (sizeof (mp_twolimb_t) * CHAR_BIT == GMP_TWOLIMB_BITS) - 1];
+
+/* Representation of a bignum >= 0.  */
+typedef struct
+{
+  size_t nlimbs;
+  mp_limb_t *limbs; /* Bits in little-endian order, allocated with malloc().  */
+} mpn_t;
+
+/* Compute the product of two bignums >= 0.
+   Return the allocated memory in case of success, NULL in case of memory
+   allocation failure.  */
+static void *
+multiply (mpn_t src1, mpn_t src2, mpn_t *dest)
+{
+  const mp_limb_t *p1;
+  const mp_limb_t *p2;
+  size_t len1;
+  size_t len2;
+
+  if (src1.nlimbs <= src2.nlimbs)
     {
     {
-      errno = EINVAL;
-      return NULL;
+      len1 = src1.nlimbs;
+      p1 = src1.limbs;
+      len2 = src2.nlimbs;
+      p2 = src2.limbs;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      len1 = src2.nlimbs;
+      p1 = src2.limbs;
+      len2 = src1.nlimbs;
+      p2 = src1.limbs;
+    }
+  /* Now 0 <= len1 <= len2.  */
+  if (len1 == 0)
+    {
+      /* src1 or src2 is zero.  */
+      dest->nlimbs = 0;
+      dest->limbs = (mp_limb_t *) malloc (1);
     }
     }
+  else
+    {
+      /* Here 1 <= len1 <= len2.  */
+      size_t dlen;
+      mp_limb_t *dp;
+      size_t k, i, j;
 
 
-#define CLEANUP() \
-  free (d.dir);                                                                \
-  if (a.arg)                                                           \
-    free (a.arg);
+      dlen = len1 + len2;
+      dp = (mp_limb_t *) malloc (dlen * sizeof (mp_limb_t));
+      if (dp == NULL)
+       return NULL;
+      for (k = len2; k > 0; )
+       dp[--k] = 0;
+      for (i = 0; i < len1; i++)
+       {
+         mp_limb_t digit1 = p1[i];
+         mp_twolimb_t carry = 0;
+         for (j = 0; j < len2; j++)
+           {
+             mp_limb_t digit2 = p2[j];
+             carry += (mp_twolimb_t) digit1 * (mp_twolimb_t) digit2;
+             carry += dp[i + j];
+             dp[i + j] = (mp_limb_t) carry;
+             carry = carry >> GMP_LIMB_BITS;
+           }
+         dp[i + len2] = (mp_limb_t) carry;
+       }
+      /* Normalise.  */
+      while (dlen > 0 && dp[dlen - 1] == 0)
+       dlen--;
+      dest->nlimbs = dlen;
+      dest->limbs = dp;
+    }
+  return dest->limbs;
+}
+
+/* Compute the quotient of a bignum a >= 0 and a bignum b > 0.
+   a is written as  a = q * b + r  with 0 <= r < b.  q is the quotient, r
+   the remainder.
+   Finally, round-to-even is performed: If r > b/2 or if r = b/2 and q is odd,
+   q is incremented.
+   Return the allocated memory in case of success, NULL in case of memory
+   allocation failure.  */
+static void *
+divide (mpn_t a, mpn_t b, mpn_t *q)
+{
+  /* Algorithm:
+     First normalise a and b: a=[a[m-1],...,a[0]], b=[b[n-1],...,b[0]]
+     with m>=0 and n>0 (in base beta = 2^GMP_LIMB_BITS).
+     If m<n, then q:=0 and r:=a.
+     If m>=n=1, perform a single-precision division:
+       r:=0, j:=m,
+       while j>0 do
+         {Here (q[m-1]*beta^(m-1)+...+q[j]*beta^j) * b[0] + r*beta^j =
+               = a[m-1]*beta^(m-1)+...+a[j]*beta^j und 0<=r<b[0]<beta}
+         j:=j-1, r:=r*beta+a[j], q[j]:=floor(r/b[0]), r:=r-b[0]*q[j].
+       Normalise [q[m-1],...,q[0]], yields q.
+     If m>=n>1, perform a multiple-precision division:
+       We have a/b < beta^(m-n+1).
+       s:=intDsize-1-(hightest bit in b[n-1]), 0<=s<intDsize.
+       Shift a and b left by s bits, copying them. r:=a.
+       r=[r[m],...,r[0]], b=[b[n-1],...,b[0]] with b[n-1]>=beta/2.
+       For j=m-n,...,0: {Here 0 <= r < b*beta^(j+1).}
+         Compute q* :
+           q* := floor((r[j+n]*beta+r[j+n-1])/b[n-1]).
+           In case of overflow (q* >= beta) set q* := beta-1.
+           Compute c2 := ((r[j+n]*beta+r[j+n-1]) - q* * b[n-1])*beta + r[j+n-2]
+           and c3 := b[n-2] * q*.
+           {We have 0 <= c2 < 2*beta^2, even 0 <= c2 < beta^2 if no overflow
+            occurred.  Furthermore 0 <= c3 < beta^2.
+            If there was overflow and
+            r[j+n]*beta+r[j+n-1] - q* * b[n-1] >= beta, i.e. c2 >= beta^2,
+            the next test can be skipped.}
+           While c3 > c2, {Here 0 <= c2 < c3 < beta^2}
+             Put q* := q* - 1, c2 := c2 + b[n-1]*beta, c3 := c3 - b[n-2].
+           If q* > 0:
+             Put r := r - b * q* * beta^j. In detail:
+               [r[n+j],...,r[j]] := [r[n+j],...,r[j]] - q* * [b[n-1],...,b[0]].
+               hence: u:=0, for i:=0 to n-1 do
+                              u := u + q* * b[i],
+                              r[j+i]:=r[j+i]-(u mod beta) (+ beta, if carry),
+                              u:=u div beta (+ 1, if carry in subtraction)
+                      r[n+j]:=r[n+j]-u.
+               {Since always u = (q* * [b[i-1],...,b[0]] div beta^i) + 1
+                               < q* + 1 <= beta,
+                the carry u does not overflow.}
+             If a negative carry occurs, put q* := q* - 1
+               and [r[n+j],...,r[j]] := [r[n+j],...,r[j]] + [0,b[n-1],...,b[0]].
+         Set q[j] := q*.
+       Normalise [q[m-n],..,q[0]]; this yields the quotient q.
+       Shift [r[n-1],...,r[0]] right by s bits and normalise; this yields the
+       rest r.
+       The room for q[j] can be allocated at the memory location of r[n+j].
+     Finally, round-to-even:
+       Shift r left by 1 bit.
+       If r > b or if r = b and q[0] is odd, q := q+1.
+   */
+  const mp_limb_t *a_ptr = a.limbs;
+  size_t a_len = a.nlimbs;
+  const mp_limb_t *b_ptr = b.limbs;
+  size_t b_len = b.nlimbs;
+  mp_limb_t *roomptr;
+  mp_limb_t *tmp_roomptr = NULL;
+  mp_limb_t *q_ptr;
+  size_t q_len;
+  mp_limb_t *r_ptr;
+  size_t r_len;
+
+  /* Allocate room for a_len+2 digits.
+     (Need a_len+1 digits for the real division and 1 more digit for the
+     final rounding of q.)  */
+  roomptr = (mp_limb_t *) malloc ((a_len + 2) * sizeof (mp_limb_t));
+  if (roomptr == NULL)
+    return NULL;
 
 
-  if (printf_fetchargs (args, &a) < 0)
+  /* Normalise a.  */
+  while (a_len > 0 && a_ptr[a_len - 1] == 0)
+    a_len--;
+
+  /* Normalise b.  */
+  for (;;)
     {
     {
-      CLEANUP ();
-      errno = EINVAL;
-      return NULL;
+      if (b_len == 0)
+       /* Division by zero.  */
+       abort ();
+      if (b_ptr[b_len - 1] == 0)
+       b_len--;
+      else
+       break;
     }
 
     }
 
-  {
-    size_t buf_neededlength;
-    CHAR_T *buf;
-    CHAR_T *buf_malloced;
-    const CHAR_T *cp;
-    size_t i;
-    DIRECTIVE *dp;
-    /* Output string accumulator.  */
-    CHAR_T *result;
-    size_t allocated;
-    size_t length;
+  /* Here m = a_len >= 0 and n = b_len > 0.  */
 
 
-    /* Allocate a small buffer that will hold a directive passed to
-       sprintf or snprintf.  */
-    buf_neededlength =
-      xsum4 (7, d.max_width_length, d.max_precision_length, 6);
-#if HAVE_ALLOCA
-    if (buf_neededlength < 4000 / sizeof (CHAR_T))
+  if (a_len < b_len)
+    {
+      /* m<n: trivial case.  q=0, r := copy of a.  */
+      r_ptr = roomptr;
+      r_len = a_len;
+      memcpy (r_ptr, a_ptr, a_len * sizeof (mp_limb_t));
+      q_ptr = roomptr + a_len;
+      q_len = 0;
+    }
+  else if (b_len == 1)
+    {
+      /* n=1: single precision division.
+        beta^(m-1) <= a < beta^m  ==>  beta^(m-2) <= a/b < beta^m  */
+      r_ptr = roomptr;
+      q_ptr = roomptr + 1;
       {
       {
-       buf = (CHAR_T *) alloca (buf_neededlength * sizeof (CHAR_T));
-       buf_malloced = NULL;
+       mp_limb_t den = b_ptr[0];
+       mp_limb_t remainder = 0;
+       const mp_limb_t *sourceptr = a_ptr + a_len;
+       mp_limb_t *destptr = q_ptr + a_len;
+       size_t count;
+       for (count = a_len; count > 0; count--)
+         {
+           mp_twolimb_t num =
+             ((mp_twolimb_t) remainder << GMP_LIMB_BITS) | *--sourceptr;
+           *--destptr = num / den;
+           remainder = num % den;
+         }
+       /* Normalise and store r.  */
+       if (remainder > 0)
+         {
+           r_ptr[0] = remainder;
+           r_len = 1;
+         }
+       else
+         r_len = 0;
+       /* Normalise q.  */
+       q_len = a_len;
+       if (q_ptr[q_len - 1] == 0)
+         q_len--;
       }
       }
-    else
-#endif
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      /* n>1: multiple precision division.
+        beta^(m-1) <= a < beta^m, beta^(n-1) <= b < beta^n  ==>
+        beta^(m-n-1) <= a/b < beta^(m-n+1).  */
+      /* Determine s.  */
+      size_t s;
       {
       {
-       size_t buf_memsize = xtimes (buf_neededlength, sizeof (CHAR_T));
-       if (size_overflow_p (buf_memsize))
-         goto out_of_memory_1;
-       buf = (CHAR_T *) malloc (buf_memsize);
-       if (buf == NULL)
-         goto out_of_memory_1;
-       buf_malloced = buf;
+       mp_limb_t msd = b_ptr[b_len - 1]; /* = b[n-1], > 0 */
+       s = 31;
+       if (msd >= 0x10000)
+         {
+           msd = msd >> 16;
+           s -= 16;
+         }
+       if (msd >= 0x100)
+         {
+           msd = msd >> 8;
+           s -= 8;
+         }
+       if (msd >= 0x10)
+         {
+           msd = msd >> 4;
+           s -= 4;
+         }
+       if (msd >= 0x4)
+         {
+           msd = msd >> 2;
+           s -= 2;
+         }
+       if (msd >= 0x2)
+         {
+           msd = msd >> 1;
+           s -= 1;
+         }
       }
       }
-
-    if (resultbuf != NULL)
+      /* 0 <= s < GMP_LIMB_BITS.
+        Copy b, shifting it left by s bits.  */
+      if (s > 0)
+       {
+         tmp_roomptr = (mp_limb_t *) malloc (b_len * sizeof (mp_limb_t));
+         if (tmp_roomptr == NULL)
+           {
+             free (roomptr);
+             return NULL;
+           }
+         {
+           const mp_limb_t *sourceptr = b_ptr;
+           mp_limb_t *destptr = tmp_roomptr;
+           mp_twolimb_t accu = 0;
+           size_t count;
+           for (count = b_len; count > 0; count--)
+             {
+               accu += (mp_twolimb_t) *sourceptr++ << s;
+               *destptr++ = (mp_limb_t) accu;
+               accu = accu >> GMP_LIMB_BITS;
+             }
+           /* accu must be zero, since that was how s was determined.  */
+           if (accu != 0)
+             abort ();
+         }
+         b_ptr = tmp_roomptr;
+       }
+      /* Copy a, shifting it left by s bits, yields r.
+        Memory layout:
+        At the beginning: r = roomptr[0..a_len],
+        at the end: r = roomptr[0..b_len-1], q = roomptr[b_len..a_len]  */
+      r_ptr = roomptr;
+      if (s == 0)
+       {
+         memcpy (r_ptr, a_ptr, a_len * sizeof (mp_limb_t));
+         r_ptr[a_len] = 0;
+       }
+      else
+       {
+         const mp_limb_t *sourceptr = a_ptr;
+         mp_limb_t *destptr = r_ptr;
+         mp_twolimb_t accu = 0;
+         size_t count;
+         for (count = a_len; count > 0; count--)
+           {
+             accu += (mp_twolimb_t) *sourceptr++ << s;
+             *destptr++ = (mp_limb_t) accu;
+             accu = accu >> GMP_LIMB_BITS;
+           }
+         *destptr++ = (mp_limb_t) accu;
+       }
+      q_ptr = roomptr + b_len;
+      q_len = a_len - b_len + 1; /* q will have m-n+1 limbs */
       {
       {
-       result = resultbuf;
-       allocated = *lengthp;
+       size_t j = a_len - b_len; /* m-n */
+       mp_limb_t b_msd = b_ptr[b_len - 1]; /* b[n-1] */
+       mp_limb_t b_2msd = b_ptr[b_len - 2]; /* b[n-2] */
+       mp_twolimb_t b_msdd = /* b[n-1]*beta+b[n-2] */
+         ((mp_twolimb_t) b_msd << GMP_LIMB_BITS) | b_2msd;
+       /* Division loop, traversed m-n+1 times.
+          j counts down, b is unchanged, beta/2 <= b[n-1] < beta.  */
+       for (;;)
+         {
+           mp_limb_t q_star;
+           mp_limb_t c1;
+           if (r_ptr[j + b_len] < b_msd) /* r[j+n] < b[n-1] ? */
+             {
+               /* Divide r[j+n]*beta+r[j+n-1] by b[n-1], no overflow.  */
+               mp_twolimb_t num =
+                 ((mp_twolimb_t) r_ptr[j + b_len] << GMP_LIMB_BITS)
+                 | r_ptr[j + b_len - 1];
+               q_star = num / b_msd;
+               c1 = num % b_msd;
+             }
+           else
+             {
+               /* Overflow, hence r[j+n]*beta+r[j+n-1] >= beta*b[n-1].  */
+               q_star = (mp_limb_t)~(mp_limb_t)0; /* q* = beta-1 */
+               /* Test whether r[j+n]*beta+r[j+n-1] - (beta-1)*b[n-1] >= beta
+                  <==> r[j+n]*beta+r[j+n-1] + b[n-1] >= beta*b[n-1]+beta
+                  <==> b[n-1] < floor((r[j+n]*beta+r[j+n-1]+b[n-1])/beta)
+                       {<= beta !}.
+                  If yes, jump directly to the subtraction loop.
+                  (Otherwise, r[j+n]*beta+r[j+n-1] - (beta-1)*b[n-1] < beta
+                   <==> floor((r[j+n]*beta+r[j+n-1]+b[n-1])/beta) = b[n-1] ) */
+               if (r_ptr[j + b_len] > b_msd
+                   || (c1 = r_ptr[j + b_len - 1] + b_msd) < b_msd)
+                 /* r[j+n] >= b[n-1]+1 or
+                    r[j+n] = b[n-1] and the addition r[j+n-1]+b[n-1] gives a
+                    carry.  */
+                 goto subtract;
+             }
+           /* q_star = q*,
+              c1 = (r[j+n]*beta+r[j+n-1]) - q* * b[n-1] (>=0, <beta).  */
+           {
+             mp_twolimb_t c2 = /* c1*beta+r[j+n-2] */
+               ((mp_twolimb_t) c1 << GMP_LIMB_BITS) | r_ptr[j + b_len - 2];
+             mp_twolimb_t c3 = /* b[n-2] * q* */
+               (mp_twolimb_t) b_2msd * (mp_twolimb_t) q_star;
+             /* While c2 < c3, increase c2 and decrease c3.
+                Consider c3-c2.  While it is > 0, decrease it by
+                b[n-1]*beta+b[n-2].  Because of b[n-1]*beta+b[n-2] >= beta^2/2
+                this can happen only twice.  */
+             if (c3 > c2)
+               {
+                 q_star = q_star - 1; /* q* := q* - 1 */
+                 if (c3 - c2 > b_msdd)
+                   q_star = q_star - 1; /* q* := q* - 1 */
+               }
+           }
+           if (q_star > 0)
+             subtract:
+             {
+               /* Subtract r := r - b * q* * beta^j.  */
+               mp_limb_t cr;
+               {
+                 const mp_limb_t *sourceptr = b_ptr;
+                 mp_limb_t *destptr = r_ptr + j;
+                 mp_twolimb_t carry = 0;
+                 size_t count;
+                 for (count = b_len; count > 0; count--)
+                   {
+                     /* Here 0 <= carry <= q*.  */
+                     carry =
+                       carry
+                       + (mp_twolimb_t) q_star * (mp_twolimb_t) *sourceptr++
+                       + (mp_limb_t) ~(*destptr);
+                     /* Here 0 <= carry <= beta*q* + beta-1.  */
+                     *destptr++ = ~(mp_limb_t) carry;
+                     carry = carry >> GMP_LIMB_BITS; /* <= q* */
+                   }
+                 cr = (mp_limb_t) carry;
+               }
+               /* Subtract cr from r_ptr[j + b_len], then forget about
+                  r_ptr[j + b_len].  */
+               if (cr > r_ptr[j + b_len])
+                 {
+                   /* Subtraction gave a carry.  */
+                   q_star = q_star - 1; /* q* := q* - 1 */
+                   /* Add b back.  */
+                   {
+                     const mp_limb_t *sourceptr = b_ptr;
+                     mp_limb_t *destptr = r_ptr + j;
+                     mp_limb_t carry = 0;
+                     size_t count;
+                     for (count = b_len; count > 0; count--)
+                       {
+                         mp_limb_t source1 = *sourceptr++;
+                         mp_limb_t source2 = *destptr;
+                         *destptr++ = source1 + source2 + carry;
+                         carry =
+                           (carry
+                            ? source1 >= (mp_limb_t) ~source2
+                            : source1 > (mp_limb_t) ~source2);
+                       }
+                   }
+                   /* Forget about the carry and about r[j+n].  */
+                 }
+             }
+           /* q* is determined.  Store it as q[j].  */
+           q_ptr[j] = q_star;
+           if (j == 0)
+             break;
+           j--;
+         }
       }
       }
-    else
+      r_len = b_len;
+      /* Normalise q.  */
+      if (q_ptr[q_len - 1] == 0)
+       q_len--;
+# if 0 /* Not needed here, since we need r only to compare it with b/2, and
+         b is shifted left by s bits.  */
+      /* Shift r right by s bits.  */
+      if (s > 0)
+       {
+         mp_limb_t ptr = r_ptr + r_len;
+         mp_twolimb_t accu = 0;
+         size_t count;
+         for (count = r_len; count > 0; count--)
+           {
+             accu = (mp_twolimb_t) (mp_limb_t) accu << GMP_LIMB_BITS;
+             accu += (mp_twolimb_t) *--ptr << (GMP_LIMB_BITS - s);
+             *ptr = (mp_limb_t) (accu >> GMP_LIMB_BITS);
+           }
+       }
+# endif
+      /* Normalise r.  */
+      while (r_len > 0 && r_ptr[r_len - 1] == 0)
+       r_len--;
+    }
+  /* Compare r << 1 with b.  */
+  if (r_len > b_len)
+    goto increment_q;
+  {
+    size_t i;
+    for (i = b_len;;)
       {
       {
-       result = NULL;
-       allocated = 0;
+       mp_limb_t r_i =
+         (i <= r_len && i > 0 ? r_ptr[i - 1] >> (GMP_LIMB_BITS - 1) : 0)
+         | (i < r_len ? r_ptr[i] << 1 : 0);
+       mp_limb_t b_i = (i < b_len ? b_ptr[i] : 0);
+       if (r_i > b_i)
+         goto increment_q;
+       if (r_i < b_i)
+         goto keep_q;
+       if (i == 0)
+         break;
+       i--;
       }
       }
-    length = 0;
-    /* Invariants:
-       result is either == resultbuf or == NULL or malloc-allocated.
-       If length > 0, then result != NULL.  */
+  }
+  if (q_len > 0 && ((q_ptr[0] & 1) != 0))
+    /* q is odd.  */
+    increment_q:
+    {
+      size_t i;
+      for (i = 0; i < q_len; i++)
+       if (++(q_ptr[i]) != 0)
+         goto keep_q;
+      q_ptr[q_len++] = 1;
+    }
+  keep_q:
+  if (tmp_roomptr != NULL)
+    free (tmp_roomptr);
+  q->limbs = q_ptr;
+  q->nlimbs = q_len;
+  return roomptr;
+}
 
 
-    /* Ensures that allocated >= needed.  Aborts through a jump to
-       out_of_memory if needed is SIZE_MAX or otherwise too big.  */
-#define ENSURE_ALLOCATION(needed) \
-    if ((needed) > allocated)                                               \
-      {                                                                             \
-       size_t memory_size;                                                  \
-       CHAR_T *memory;                                                      \
-                                                                            \
-       allocated = (allocated > 0 ? xtimes (allocated, 2) : 12);            \
-       if ((needed) > allocated)                                            \
-         allocated = (needed);                                              \
-       memory_size = xtimes (allocated, sizeof (CHAR_T));                   \
-       if (size_overflow_p (memory_size))                                   \
-         goto out_of_memory;                                                \
-       if (result == resultbuf || result == NULL)                           \
-         memory = (CHAR_T *) malloc (memory_size);                          \
-       else                                                                 \
-         memory = (CHAR_T *) realloc (result, memory_size);                 \
-       if (memory == NULL)                                                  \
-         goto out_of_memory;                                                \
-       if (result == resultbuf && length > 0)                               \
-         memcpy (memory, result, length * sizeof (CHAR_T));                 \
-       result = memory;                                                     \
-      }
+/* Convert a bignum a >= 0, multiplied with 10^extra_zeroes, to decimal
+   representation.
+   Destroys the contents of a.
+   Return the allocated memory - containing the decimal digits in low-to-high
+   order, terminated with a NUL character - in case of success, NULL in case
+   of memory allocation failure.  */
+static char *
+convert_to_decimal (mpn_t a, size_t extra_zeroes)
+{
+  mp_limb_t *a_ptr = a.limbs;
+  size_t a_len = a.nlimbs;
+  /* 0.03345 is slightly larger than log(2)/(9*log(10)).  */
+  size_t c_len = 9 * ((size_t)(a_len * (GMP_LIMB_BITS * 0.03345f)) + 1);
+  char *c_ptr = (char *) malloc (xsum (c_len, extra_zeroes));
+  if (c_ptr != NULL)
+    {
+      char *d_ptr = c_ptr;
+      for (; extra_zeroes > 0; extra_zeroes--)
+       *d_ptr++ = '0';
+      while (a_len > 0)
+       {
+         /* Divide a by 10^9, in-place.  */
+         mp_limb_t remainder = 0;
+         mp_limb_t *ptr = a_ptr + a_len;
+         size_t count;
+         for (count = a_len; count > 0; count--)
+           {
+             mp_twolimb_t num =
+               ((mp_twolimb_t) remainder << GMP_LIMB_BITS) | *--ptr;
+             *ptr = num / 1000000000;
+             remainder = num % 1000000000;
+           }
+         /* Store the remainder as 9 decimal digits.  */
+         for (count = 9; count > 0; count--)
+           {
+             *d_ptr++ = '0' + (remainder % 10);
+             remainder = remainder / 10;
+           }
+         /* Normalize a.  */
+         if (a_ptr[a_len - 1] == 0)
+           a_len--;
+       }
+      /* Remove leading zeroes.  */
+      while (d_ptr > c_ptr && d_ptr[-1] == '0')
+       d_ptr--;
+      /* But keep at least one zero.  */
+      if (d_ptr == c_ptr)
+       *d_ptr++ = '0';
+      /* Terminate the string.  */
+      *d_ptr = '\0';
+    }
+  return c_ptr;
+}
 
 
-    for (cp = format, i = 0, dp = &d.dir[0]; ; cp = dp->dir_end, i++, dp++)
-      {
-       if (cp != dp->dir_start)
-         {
-           size_t n = dp->dir_start - cp;
-           size_t augmented_length = xsum (length, n);
+# if NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE
 
 
-           ENSURE_ALLOCATION (augmented_length);
-           memcpy (result + length, cp, n * sizeof (CHAR_T));
-           length = augmented_length;
-         }
-       if (i == d.count)
-         break;
+/* Assuming x is finite and >= 0:
+   write x as x = 2^e * m, where m is a bignum.
+   Return the allocated memory in case of success, NULL in case of memory
+   allocation failure.  */
+static void *
+decode_long_double (long double x, int *ep, mpn_t *mp)
+{
+  mpn_t m;
+  int exp;
+  long double y;
+  size_t i;
 
 
-       /* Execute a single directive.  */
-       if (dp->conversion == '%')
+  /* Allocate memory for result.  */
+  m.nlimbs = (LDBL_MANT_BIT + GMP_LIMB_BITS - 1) / GMP_LIMB_BITS;
+  m.limbs = (mp_limb_t *) malloc (m.nlimbs * sizeof (mp_limb_t));
+  if (m.limbs == NULL)
+    return NULL;
+  /* Split into exponential part and mantissa.  */
+  y = frexpl (x, &exp);
+  if (!(y >= 0.0L && y < 1.0L))
+    abort ();
+  /* x = 2^exp * y = 2^(exp - LDBL_MANT_BIT) * (y * LDBL_MANT_BIT), and the
+     latter is an integer.  */
+  /* Convert the mantissa (y * LDBL_MANT_BIT) to a sequence of limbs.
+     I'm not sure whether it's safe to cast a 'long double' value between
+     2^31 and 2^32 to 'unsigned int', therefore play safe and cast only
+     'long double' values between 0 and 2^16 (to 'unsigned int' or 'int',
+     doesn't matter).  */
+#  if (LDBL_MANT_BIT % GMP_LIMB_BITS) != 0
+#   if (LDBL_MANT_BIT % GMP_LIMB_BITS) > GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2
+    {
+      mp_limb_t hi, lo;
+      y *= (mp_limb_t) 1 << (LDBL_MANT_BIT % (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2));
+      hi = (int) y;
+      y -= hi;
+      if (!(y >= 0.0L && y < 1.0L))
+       abort ();
+      y *= (mp_limb_t) 1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2);
+      lo = (int) y;
+      y -= lo;
+      if (!(y >= 0.0L && y < 1.0L))
+       abort ();
+      m.limbs[LDBL_MANT_BIT / GMP_LIMB_BITS] = (hi << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2)) | lo;
+    }
+#   else
+    {
+      mp_limb_t d;
+      y *= (mp_limb_t) 1 << (LDBL_MANT_BIT % GMP_LIMB_BITS);
+      d = (int) y;
+      y -= d;
+      if (!(y >= 0.0L && y < 1.0L))
+       abort ();
+      m.limbs[LDBL_MANT_BIT / GMP_LIMB_BITS] = d;
+    }
+#   endif
+#  endif
+  for (i = LDBL_MANT_BIT / GMP_LIMB_BITS; i > 0; )
+    {
+      mp_limb_t hi, lo;
+      y *= (mp_limb_t) 1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2);
+      hi = (int) y;
+      y -= hi;
+      if (!(y >= 0.0L && y < 1.0L))
+       abort ();
+      y *= (mp_limb_t) 1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2);
+      lo = (int) y;
+      y -= lo;
+      if (!(y >= 0.0L && y < 1.0L))
+       abort ();
+      m.limbs[--i] = (hi << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2)) | lo;
+    }
+#if 0 /* On FreeBSD 6.1/x86, 'long double' numbers sometimes have excess
+         precision.  */
+  if (!(y == 0.0L))
+    abort ();
+#endif
+  /* Normalise.  */
+  while (m.nlimbs > 0 && m.limbs[m.nlimbs - 1] == 0)
+    m.nlimbs--;
+  *mp = m;
+  *ep = exp - LDBL_MANT_BIT;
+  return m.limbs;
+}
+
+# endif
+
+# if NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE
+
+/* Assuming x is finite and >= 0:
+   write x as x = 2^e * m, where m is a bignum.
+   Return the allocated memory in case of success, NULL in case of memory
+   allocation failure.  */
+static void *
+decode_double (double x, int *ep, mpn_t *mp)
+{
+  mpn_t m;
+  int exp;
+  double y;
+  size_t i;
+
+  /* Allocate memory for result.  */
+  m.nlimbs = (DBL_MANT_BIT + GMP_LIMB_BITS - 1) / GMP_LIMB_BITS;
+  m.limbs = (mp_limb_t *) malloc (m.nlimbs * sizeof (mp_limb_t));
+  if (m.limbs == NULL)
+    return NULL;
+  /* Split into exponential part and mantissa.  */
+  y = frexp (x, &exp);
+  if (!(y >= 0.0 && y < 1.0))
+    abort ();
+  /* x = 2^exp * y = 2^(exp - DBL_MANT_BIT) * (y * DBL_MANT_BIT), and the
+     latter is an integer.  */
+  /* Convert the mantissa (y * DBL_MANT_BIT) to a sequence of limbs.
+     I'm not sure whether it's safe to cast a 'double' value between
+     2^31 and 2^32 to 'unsigned int', therefore play safe and cast only
+     'double' values between 0 and 2^16 (to 'unsigned int' or 'int',
+     doesn't matter).  */
+#  if (DBL_MANT_BIT % GMP_LIMB_BITS) != 0
+#   if (DBL_MANT_BIT % GMP_LIMB_BITS) > GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2
+    {
+      mp_limb_t hi, lo;
+      y *= (mp_limb_t) 1 << (DBL_MANT_BIT % (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2));
+      hi = (int) y;
+      y -= hi;
+      if (!(y >= 0.0 && y < 1.0))
+       abort ();
+      y *= (mp_limb_t) 1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2);
+      lo = (int) y;
+      y -= lo;
+      if (!(y >= 0.0 && y < 1.0))
+       abort ();
+      m.limbs[DBL_MANT_BIT / GMP_LIMB_BITS] = (hi << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2)) | lo;
+    }
+#   else
+    {
+      mp_limb_t d;
+      y *= (mp_limb_t) 1 << (DBL_MANT_BIT % GMP_LIMB_BITS);
+      d = (int) y;
+      y -= d;
+      if (!(y >= 0.0 && y < 1.0))
+       abort ();
+      m.limbs[DBL_MANT_BIT / GMP_LIMB_BITS] = d;
+    }
+#   endif
+#  endif
+  for (i = DBL_MANT_BIT / GMP_LIMB_BITS; i > 0; )
+    {
+      mp_limb_t hi, lo;
+      y *= (mp_limb_t) 1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2);
+      hi = (int) y;
+      y -= hi;
+      if (!(y >= 0.0 && y < 1.0))
+       abort ();
+      y *= (mp_limb_t) 1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2);
+      lo = (int) y;
+      y -= lo;
+      if (!(y >= 0.0 && y < 1.0))
+       abort ();
+      m.limbs[--i] = (hi << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2)) | lo;
+    }
+  if (!(y == 0.0))
+    abort ();
+  /* Normalise.  */
+  while (m.nlimbs > 0 && m.limbs[m.nlimbs - 1] == 0)
+    m.nlimbs--;
+  *mp = m;
+  *ep = exp - DBL_MANT_BIT;
+  return m.limbs;
+}
+
+# endif
+
+/* Assuming x = 2^e * m is finite and >= 0, and n is an integer:
+   Returns the decimal representation of round (x * 10^n).
+   Return the allocated memory - containing the decimal digits in low-to-high
+   order, terminated with a NUL character - in case of success, NULL in case
+   of memory allocation failure.  */
+static char *
+scale10_round_decimal_decoded (int e, mpn_t m, void *memory, int n)
+{
+  int s;
+  size_t extra_zeroes;
+  unsigned int abs_n;
+  unsigned int abs_s;
+  mp_limb_t *pow5_ptr;
+  size_t pow5_len;
+  unsigned int s_limbs;
+  unsigned int s_bits;
+  mpn_t pow5;
+  mpn_t z;
+  void *z_memory;
+  char *digits;
+
+  if (memory == NULL)
+    return NULL;
+  /* x = 2^e * m, hence
+     y = round (2^e * 10^n * m) = round (2^(e+n) * 5^n * m)
+       = round (2^s * 5^n * m).  */
+  s = e + n;
+  extra_zeroes = 0;
+  /* Factor out a common power of 10 if possible.  */
+  if (s > 0 && n > 0)
+    {
+      extra_zeroes = (s < n ? s : n);
+      s -= extra_zeroes;
+      n -= extra_zeroes;
+    }
+  /* Here y = round (2^s * 5^n * m) * 10^extra_zeroes.
+     Before converting to decimal, we need to compute
+     z = round (2^s * 5^n * m).  */
+  /* Compute 5^|n|, possibly shifted by |s| bits if n and s have the same
+     sign.  2.322 is slightly larger than log(5)/log(2).  */
+  abs_n = (n >= 0 ? n : -n);
+  abs_s = (s >= 0 ? s : -s);
+  pow5_ptr = (mp_limb_t *) malloc (((int)(abs_n * (2.322f / GMP_LIMB_BITS)) + 1
+                                   + abs_s / GMP_LIMB_BITS + 1)
+                                  * sizeof (mp_limb_t));
+  if (pow5_ptr == NULL)
+    {
+      free (memory);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  /* Initialize with 1.  */
+  pow5_ptr[0] = 1;
+  pow5_len = 1;
+  /* Multiply with 5^|n|.  */
+  if (abs_n > 0)
+    {
+      static mp_limb_t const small_pow5[13 + 1] =
+       {
+         1, 5, 25, 125, 625, 3125, 15625, 78125, 390625, 1953125, 9765625,
+         48828125, 244140625, 1220703125
+       };
+      unsigned int n13;
+      for (n13 = 0; n13 <= abs_n; n13 += 13)
+       {
+         mp_limb_t digit1 = small_pow5[n13 + 13 <= abs_n ? 13 : abs_n - n13];
+         size_t j;
+         mp_twolimb_t carry = 0;
+         for (j = 0; j < pow5_len; j++)
+           {
+             mp_limb_t digit2 = pow5_ptr[j];
+             carry += (mp_twolimb_t) digit1 * (mp_twolimb_t) digit2;
+             pow5_ptr[j] = (mp_limb_t) carry;
+             carry = carry >> GMP_LIMB_BITS;
+           }
+         if (carry > 0)
+           pow5_ptr[pow5_len++] = (mp_limb_t) carry;
+       }
+    }
+  s_limbs = abs_s / GMP_LIMB_BITS;
+  s_bits = abs_s % GMP_LIMB_BITS;
+  if (n >= 0 ? s >= 0 : s <= 0)
+    {
+      /* Multiply with 2^|s|.  */
+      if (s_bits > 0)
+       {
+         mp_limb_t *ptr = pow5_ptr;
+         mp_twolimb_t accu = 0;
+         size_t count;
+         for (count = pow5_len; count > 0; count--)
+           {
+             accu += (mp_twolimb_t) *ptr << s_bits;
+             *ptr++ = (mp_limb_t) accu;
+             accu = accu >> GMP_LIMB_BITS;
+           }
+         if (accu > 0)
+           {
+             *ptr = (mp_limb_t) accu;
+             pow5_len++;
+           }
+       }
+      if (s_limbs > 0)
+       {
+         size_t count;
+         for (count = pow5_len; count > 0;)
+           {
+             count--;
+             pow5_ptr[s_limbs + count] = pow5_ptr[count];
+           }
+         for (count = s_limbs; count > 0;)
+           {
+             count--;
+             pow5_ptr[count] = 0;
+           }
+         pow5_len += s_limbs;
+       }
+      pow5.limbs = pow5_ptr;
+      pow5.nlimbs = pow5_len;
+      if (n >= 0)
+       {
+         /* Multiply m with pow5.  No division needed.  */
+         z_memory = multiply (m, pow5, &z);
+       }
+      else
+       {
+         /* Divide m by pow5 and round.  */
+         z_memory = divide (m, pow5, &z);
+       }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      pow5.limbs = pow5_ptr;
+      pow5.nlimbs = pow5_len;
+      if (n >= 0)
+       {
+         /* n >= 0, s < 0.
+            Multiply m with pow5, then divide by 2^|s|.  */
+         mpn_t numerator;
+         mpn_t denominator;
+         void *tmp_memory;
+         tmp_memory = multiply (m, pow5, &numerator);
+         if (tmp_memory == NULL)
+           {
+             free (pow5_ptr);
+             free (memory);
+             return NULL;
+           }
+         /* Construct 2^|s|.  */
          {
          {
-           size_t augmented_length;
+           mp_limb_t *ptr = pow5_ptr + pow5_len;
+           size_t i;
+           for (i = 0; i < s_limbs; i++)
+             ptr[i] = 0;
+           ptr[s_limbs] = (mp_limb_t) 1 << s_bits;
+           denominator.limbs = ptr;
+           denominator.nlimbs = s_limbs + 1;
+         }
+         z_memory = divide (numerator, denominator, &z);
+         free (tmp_memory);
+       }
+      else
+       {
+         /* n < 0, s > 0.
+            Multiply m with 2^s, then divide by pow5.  */
+         mpn_t numerator;
+         mp_limb_t *num_ptr;
+         num_ptr = (mp_limb_t *) malloc ((m.nlimbs + s_limbs + 1)
+                                         * sizeof (mp_limb_t));
+         if (num_ptr == NULL)
+           {
+             free (pow5_ptr);
+             free (memory);
+             return NULL;
+           }
+         {
+           mp_limb_t *destptr = num_ptr;
+           {
+             size_t i;
+             for (i = 0; i < s_limbs; i++)
+               *destptr++ = 0;
+           }
+           if (s_bits > 0)
+             {
+               const mp_limb_t *sourceptr = m.limbs;
+               mp_twolimb_t accu = 0;
+               size_t count;
+               for (count = m.nlimbs; count > 0; count--)
+                 {
+                   accu += (mp_twolimb_t) *sourceptr++ << s_bits;
+                   *destptr++ = (mp_limb_t) accu;
+                   accu = accu >> GMP_LIMB_BITS;
+                 }
+               if (accu > 0)
+                 *destptr++ = (mp_limb_t) accu;
+             }
+           else
+             {
+               const mp_limb_t *sourceptr = m.limbs;
+               size_t count;
+               for (count = m.nlimbs; count > 0; count--)
+                 *destptr++ = *sourceptr++;
+             }
+           numerator.limbs = num_ptr;
+           numerator.nlimbs = destptr - num_ptr;
+         }
+         z_memory = divide (numerator, pow5, &z);
+         free (num_ptr);
+       }
+    }
+  free (pow5_ptr);
+  free (memory);
+
+  /* Here y = round (x * 10^n) = z * 10^extra_zeroes.  */
+
+  if (z_memory == NULL)
+    return NULL;
+  digits = convert_to_decimal (z, extra_zeroes);
+  free (z_memory);
+  return digits;
+}
+
+# if NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE
+
+/* Assuming x is finite and >= 0, and n is an integer:
+   Returns the decimal representation of round (x * 10^n).
+   Return the allocated memory - containing the decimal digits in low-to-high
+   order, terminated with a NUL character - in case of success, NULL in case
+   of memory allocation failure.  */
+static char *
+scale10_round_decimal_long_double (long double x, int n)
+{
+  int e;
+  mpn_t m;
+  void *memory = decode_long_double (x, &e, &m);
+  return scale10_round_decimal_decoded (e, m, memory, n);
+}
+
+# endif
+
+# if NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE
+
+/* Assuming x is finite and >= 0, and n is an integer:
+   Returns the decimal representation of round (x * 10^n).
+   Return the allocated memory - containing the decimal digits in low-to-high
+   order, terminated with a NUL character - in case of success, NULL in case
+   of memory allocation failure.  */
+static char *
+scale10_round_decimal_double (double x, int n)
+{
+  int e;
+  mpn_t m;
+  void *memory = decode_double (x, &e, &m);
+  return scale10_round_decimal_decoded (e, m, memory, n);
+}
+
+# endif
+
+# if NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE
+
+/* Assuming x is finite and > 0:
+   Return an approximation for n with 10^n <= x < 10^(n+1).
+   The approximation is usually the right n, but may be off by 1 sometimes.  */
+static int
+floorlog10l (long double x)
+{
+  int exp;
+  long double y;
+  double z;
+  double l;
+
+  /* Split into exponential part and mantissa.  */
+  y = frexpl (x, &exp);
+  if (!(y >= 0.0L && y < 1.0L))
+    abort ();
+  if (y == 0.0L)
+    return INT_MIN;
+  if (y < 0.5L)
+    {
+      while (y < (1.0L / (1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2)) / (1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2))))
+       {
+         y *= 1.0L * (1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2)) * (1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2));
+         exp -= GMP_LIMB_BITS;
+       }
+      if (y < (1.0L / (1 << 16)))
+       {
+         y *= 1.0L * (1 << 16);
+         exp -= 16;
+       }
+      if (y < (1.0L / (1 << 8)))
+       {
+         y *= 1.0L * (1 << 8);
+         exp -= 8;
+       }
+      if (y < (1.0L / (1 << 4)))
+       {
+         y *= 1.0L * (1 << 4);
+         exp -= 4;
+       }
+      if (y < (1.0L / (1 << 2)))
+       {
+         y *= 1.0L * (1 << 2);
+         exp -= 2;
+       }
+      if (y < (1.0L / (1 << 1)))
+       {
+         y *= 1.0L * (1 << 1);
+         exp -= 1;
+       }
+    }
+  if (!(y >= 0.5L && y < 1.0L))
+    abort ();
+  /* Compute an approximation for l = log2(x) = exp + log2(y).  */
+  l = exp;
+  z = y;
+  if (z < 0.70710678118654752444)
+    {
+      z *= 1.4142135623730950488;
+      l -= 0.5;
+    }
+  if (z < 0.8408964152537145431)
+    {
+      z *= 1.1892071150027210667;
+      l -= 0.25;
+    }
+  if (z < 0.91700404320467123175)
+    {
+      z *= 1.0905077326652576592;
+      l -= 0.125;
+    }
+  if (z < 0.9576032806985736469)
+    {
+      z *= 1.0442737824274138403;
+      l -= 0.0625;
+    }
+  /* Now 0.95 <= z <= 1.01.  */
+  z = 1 - z;
+  /* log(1-z) = - z - z^2/2 - z^3/3 - z^4/4 - ...
+     Four terms are enough to get an approximation with error < 10^-7.  */
+  l -= z * (1.0 + z * (0.5 + z * ((1.0 / 3) + z * 0.25)));
+  /* Finally multiply with log(2)/log(10), yields an approximation for
+     log10(x).  */
+  l *= 0.30102999566398119523;
+  /* Round down to the next integer.  */
+  return (int) l + (l < 0 ? -1 : 0);
+}
+
+# endif
+
+# if NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE
+
+/* Assuming x is finite and > 0:
+   Return an approximation for n with 10^n <= x < 10^(n+1).
+   The approximation is usually the right n, but may be off by 1 sometimes.  */
+static int
+floorlog10 (double x)
+{
+  int exp;
+  double y;
+  double z;
+  double l;
+
+  /* Split into exponential part and mantissa.  */
+  y = frexp (x, &exp);
+  if (!(y >= 0.0 && y < 1.0))
+    abort ();
+  if (y == 0.0)
+    return INT_MIN;
+  if (y < 0.5)
+    {
+      while (y < (1.0 / (1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2)) / (1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2))))
+       {
+         y *= 1.0 * (1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2)) * (1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2));
+         exp -= GMP_LIMB_BITS;
+       }
+      if (y < (1.0 / (1 << 16)))
+       {
+         y *= 1.0 * (1 << 16);
+         exp -= 16;
+       }
+      if (y < (1.0 / (1 << 8)))
+       {
+         y *= 1.0 * (1 << 8);
+         exp -= 8;
+       }
+      if (y < (1.0 / (1 << 4)))
+       {
+         y *= 1.0 * (1 << 4);
+         exp -= 4;
+       }
+      if (y < (1.0 / (1 << 2)))
+       {
+         y *= 1.0 * (1 << 2);
+         exp -= 2;
+       }
+      if (y < (1.0 / (1 << 1)))
+       {
+         y *= 1.0 * (1 << 1);
+         exp -= 1;
+       }
+    }
+  if (!(y >= 0.5 && y < 1.0))
+    abort ();
+  /* Compute an approximation for l = log2(x) = exp + log2(y).  */
+  l = exp;
+  z = y;
+  if (z < 0.70710678118654752444)
+    {
+      z *= 1.4142135623730950488;
+      l -= 0.5;
+    }
+  if (z < 0.8408964152537145431)
+    {
+      z *= 1.1892071150027210667;
+      l -= 0.25;
+    }
+  if (z < 0.91700404320467123175)
+    {
+      z *= 1.0905077326652576592;
+      l -= 0.125;
+    }
+  if (z < 0.9576032806985736469)
+    {
+      z *= 1.0442737824274138403;
+      l -= 0.0625;
+    }
+  /* Now 0.95 <= z <= 1.01.  */
+  z = 1 - z;
+  /* log(1-z) = - z - z^2/2 - z^3/3 - z^4/4 - ...
+     Four terms are enough to get an approximation with error < 10^-7.  */
+  l -= z * (1.0 + z * (0.5 + z * ((1.0 / 3) + z * 0.25)));
+  /* Finally multiply with log(2)/log(10), yields an approximation for
+     log10(x).  */
+  l *= 0.30102999566398119523;
+  /* Round down to the next integer.  */
+  return (int) l + (l < 0 ? -1 : 0);
+}
+
+# endif
+
+#endif
+
+DCHAR_T *
+VASNPRINTF (DCHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp,
+           const FCHAR_T *format, va_list args)
+{
+  DIRECTIVES d;
+  arguments a;
+
+  if (PRINTF_PARSE (format, &d, &a) < 0)
+    /* errno is already set.  */
+    return NULL;
+
+#define CLEANUP() \
+  free (d.dir);                                                                \
+  if (a.arg)                                                           \
+    free (a.arg);
+
+  if (PRINTF_FETCHARGS (args, &a) < 0)
+    {
+      CLEANUP ();
+      errno = EINVAL;
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+  {
+    size_t buf_neededlength;
+    TCHAR_T *buf;
+    TCHAR_T *buf_malloced;
+    const FCHAR_T *cp;
+    size_t i;
+    DIRECTIVE *dp;
+    /* Output string accumulator.  */
+    DCHAR_T *result;
+    size_t allocated;
+    size_t length;
+
+    /* Allocate a small buffer that will hold a directive passed to
+       sprintf or snprintf.  */
+    buf_neededlength =
+      xsum4 (7, d.max_width_length, d.max_precision_length, 6);
+#if HAVE_ALLOCA
+    if (buf_neededlength < 4000 / sizeof (TCHAR_T))
+      {
+       buf = (TCHAR_T *) alloca (buf_neededlength * sizeof (TCHAR_T));
+       buf_malloced = NULL;
+      }
+    else
+#endif
+      {
+       size_t buf_memsize = xtimes (buf_neededlength, sizeof (TCHAR_T));
+       if (size_overflow_p (buf_memsize))
+         goto out_of_memory_1;
+       buf = (TCHAR_T *) malloc (buf_memsize);
+       if (buf == NULL)
+         goto out_of_memory_1;
+       buf_malloced = buf;
+      }
+
+    if (resultbuf != NULL)
+      {
+       result = resultbuf;
+       allocated = *lengthp;
+      }
+    else
+      {
+       result = NULL;
+       allocated = 0;
+      }
+    length = 0;
+    /* Invariants:
+       result is either == resultbuf or == NULL or malloc-allocated.
+       If length > 0, then result != NULL.  */
+
+    /* Ensures that allocated >= needed.  Aborts through a jump to
+       out_of_memory if needed is SIZE_MAX or otherwise too big.  */
+#define ENSURE_ALLOCATION(needed) \
+    if ((needed) > allocated)                                               \
+      {                                                                             \
+       size_t memory_size;                                                  \
+       DCHAR_T *memory;                                                     \
+                                                                            \
+       allocated = (allocated > 0 ? xtimes (allocated, 2) : 12);            \
+       if ((needed) > allocated)                                            \
+         allocated = (needed);                                              \
+       memory_size = xtimes (allocated, sizeof (DCHAR_T));                  \
+       if (size_overflow_p (memory_size))                                   \
+         goto out_of_memory;                                                \
+       if (result == resultbuf || result == NULL)                           \
+         memory = (DCHAR_T *) malloc (memory_size);                         \
+       else                                                                 \
+         memory = (DCHAR_T *) realloc (result, memory_size);                \
+       if (memory == NULL)                                                  \
+         goto out_of_memory;                                                \
+       if (result == resultbuf && length > 0)                               \
+         DCHAR_CPY (memory, result, length);                                \
+       result = memory;                                                     \
+      }
+
+    for (cp = format, i = 0, dp = &d.dir[0]; ; cp = dp->dir_end, i++, dp++)
+      {
+       if (cp != dp->dir_start)
+         {
+           size_t n = dp->dir_start - cp;
+           size_t augmented_length = xsum (length, n);
+
+           ENSURE_ALLOCATION (augmented_length);
+           /* This copies a piece of FCHAR_T[] into a DCHAR_T[].  Here we
+              need that the format string contains only ASCII characters
+              if FCHAR_T and DCHAR_T are not the same type.  */
+           if (sizeof (FCHAR_T) == sizeof (DCHAR_T))
+             {
+               DCHAR_CPY (result + length, (const DCHAR_T *) cp, n);
+               length = augmented_length;
+             }
+           else
+             {
+               do
+                 result[length++] = (unsigned char) *cp++;
+               while (--n > 0);
+             }
+         }
+       if (i == d.count)
+         break;
+
+       /* Execute a single directive.  */
+       if (dp->conversion == '%')
+         {
+           size_t augmented_length;
+
+           if (!(dp->arg_index == ARG_NONE))
+             abort ();
+           augmented_length = xsum (length, 1);
+           ENSURE_ALLOCATION (augmented_length);
+           result[length] = '%';
+           length = augmented_length;
+         }
+       else
+         {
+           if (!(dp->arg_index != ARG_NONE))
+             abort ();
+
+           if (dp->conversion == 'n')
+             {
+               switch (a.arg[dp->arg_index].type)
+                 {
+                 case TYPE_COUNT_SCHAR_POINTER:
+                   *a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_count_schar_pointer = length;
+                   break;
+                 case TYPE_COUNT_SHORT_POINTER:
+                   *a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_count_short_pointer = length;
+                   break;
+                 case TYPE_COUNT_INT_POINTER:
+                   *a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_count_int_pointer = length;
+                   break;
+                 case TYPE_COUNT_LONGINT_POINTER:
+                   *a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_count_longint_pointer = length;
+                   break;
+#if HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT
+                 case TYPE_COUNT_LONGLONGINT_POINTER:
+                   *a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_count_longlongint_pointer = length;
+                   break;
+#endif
+                 default:
+                   abort ();
+                 }
+             }
+#if ENABLE_UNISTDIO
+           /* The unistdio extensions.  */
+           else if (dp->conversion == 'U')
+             {
+               arg_type type = a.arg[dp->arg_index].type;
+               int flags = dp->flags;
+               int has_width;
+               size_t width;
+               int has_precision;
+               size_t precision;
+
+               has_width = 0;
+               width = 0;
+               if (dp->width_start != dp->width_end)
+                 {
+                   if (dp->width_arg_index != ARG_NONE)
+                     {
+                       int arg;
+
+                       if (!(a.arg[dp->width_arg_index].type == TYPE_INT))
+                         abort ();
+                       arg = a.arg[dp->width_arg_index].a.a_int;
+                       if (arg < 0)
+                         {
+                           /* "A negative field width is taken as a '-' flag
+                               followed by a positive field width."  */
+                           flags |= FLAG_LEFT;
+                           width = (unsigned int) (-arg);
+                         }
+                       else
+                         width = arg;
+                     }
+                   else
+                     {
+                       const FCHAR_T *digitp = dp->width_start;
+
+                       do
+                         width = xsum (xtimes (width, 10), *digitp++ - '0');
+                       while (digitp != dp->width_end);
+                     }
+                   has_width = 1;
+                 }
+
+               has_precision = 0;
+               precision = 0;
+               if (dp->precision_start != dp->precision_end)
+                 {
+                   if (dp->precision_arg_index != ARG_NONE)
+                     {
+                       int arg;
+
+                       if (!(a.arg[dp->precision_arg_index].type == TYPE_INT))
+                         abort ();
+                       arg = a.arg[dp->precision_arg_index].a.a_int;
+                       /* "A negative precision is taken as if the precision
+                           were omitted."  */
+                       if (arg >= 0)
+                         {
+                           precision = arg;
+                           has_precision = 1;
+                         }
+                     }
+                   else
+                     {
+                       const FCHAR_T *digitp = dp->precision_start + 1;
+
+                       precision = 0;
+                       while (digitp != dp->precision_end)
+                         precision = xsum (xtimes (precision, 10), *digitp++ - '0');
+                       has_precision = 1;
+                     }
+                 }
+
+               switch (type)
+                 {
+                 case TYPE_U8_STRING:
+                   {
+                     const uint8_t *arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_u8_string;
+                     const uint8_t *arg_end;
+                     size_t characters;
+
+                     if (has_precision)
+                       {
+                         /* Use only PRECISION characters, from the left.  */
+                         arg_end = arg;
+                         characters = 0;
+                         for (; precision > 0; precision--)
+                           {
+                             int count = u8_strmblen (arg_end);
+                             if (count == 0)
+                               break;
+                             if (count < 0)
+                               {
+                                 if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+                                   free (result);
+                                 if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+                                   free (buf_malloced);
+                                 CLEANUP ();
+                                 errno = EILSEQ;
+                                 return NULL;
+                               }
+                             arg_end += count;
+                             characters++;
+                           }
+                       }
+                     else if (has_width)
+                       {
+                         /* Use the entire string, and count the number of
+                            characters.  */
+                         arg_end = arg;
+                         characters = 0;
+                         for (;;)
+                           {
+                             int count = u8_strmblen (arg_end);
+                             if (count == 0)
+                               break;
+                             if (count < 0)
+                               {
+                                 if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+                                   free (result);
+                                 if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+                                   free (buf_malloced);
+                                 CLEANUP ();
+                                 errno = EILSEQ;
+                                 return NULL;
+                               }
+                             arg_end += count;
+                             characters++;
+                           }
+                       }
+                     else
+                       {
+                         /* Use the entire string.  */
+                         arg_end = arg + u8_strlen (arg);
+                         /* The number of characters doesn't matter.  */
+                         characters = 0;
+                       }
+
+                     if (has_width && width > characters
+                         && !(dp->flags & FLAG_LEFT))
+                       {
+                         size_t n = width - characters;
+                         ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, n));
+                         DCHAR_SET (result + length, ' ', n);
+                         length += n;
+                       }
+
+# if DCHAR_IS_UINT8_T
+                     {
+                       size_t n = arg_end - arg;
+                       ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, n));
+                       DCHAR_CPY (result + length, arg, n);
+                       length += n;
+                     }
+# else
+                     { /* Convert.  */
+                       DCHAR_T *converted = result + length;
+                       size_t converted_len = allocated - length;
+#  if DCHAR_IS_TCHAR
+                       /* Convert from UTF-8 to locale encoding.  */
+                       if (u8_conv_to_encoding (locale_charset (),
+                                                iconveh_question_mark,
+                                                arg, arg_end - arg, NULL,
+                                                &converted, &converted_len)
+                           < 0)
+#  else
+                       /* Convert from UTF-8 to UTF-16/UTF-32.  */
+                       converted =
+                         U8_TO_DCHAR (arg, arg_end - arg,
+                                      converted, &converted_len);
+                       if (converted == NULL)
+#  endif
+                         {
+                           int saved_errno = errno;
+                           if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+                             free (result);
+                           if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+                             free (buf_malloced);
+                           CLEANUP ();
+                           errno = saved_errno;
+                           return NULL;
+                         }
+                       if (converted != result + length)
+                         {
+                           ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, converted_len));
+                           DCHAR_CPY (result + length, converted, converted_len);
+                           free (converted);
+                         }
+                       length += converted_len;
+                     }
+# endif
+
+                     if (has_width && width > characters
+                         && (dp->flags & FLAG_LEFT))
+                       {
+                         size_t n = width - characters;
+                         ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, n));
+                         DCHAR_SET (result + length, ' ', n);
+                         length += n;
+                       }
+                   }
+                   break;
+
+                 case TYPE_U16_STRING:
+                   {
+                     const uint16_t *arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_u16_string;
+                     const uint16_t *arg_end;
+                     size_t characters;
+
+                     if (has_precision)
+                       {
+                         /* Use only PRECISION characters, from the left.  */
+                         arg_end = arg;
+                         characters = 0;
+                         for (; precision > 0; precision--)
+                           {
+                             int count = u16_strmblen (arg_end);
+                             if (count == 0)
+                               break;
+                             if (count < 0)
+                               {
+                                 if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+                                   free (result);
+                                 if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+                                   free (buf_malloced);
+                                 CLEANUP ();
+                                 errno = EILSEQ;
+                                 return NULL;
+                               }
+                             arg_end += count;
+                             characters++;
+                           }
+                       }
+                     else if (has_width)
+                       {
+                         /* Use the entire string, and count the number of
+                            characters.  */
+                         arg_end = arg;
+                         characters = 0;
+                         for (;;)
+                           {
+                             int count = u16_strmblen (arg_end);
+                             if (count == 0)
+                               break;
+                             if (count < 0)
+                               {
+                                 if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+                                   free (result);
+                                 if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+                                   free (buf_malloced);
+                                 CLEANUP ();
+                                 errno = EILSEQ;
+                                 return NULL;
+                               }
+                             arg_end += count;
+                             characters++;
+                           }
+                       }
+                     else
+                       {
+                         /* Use the entire string.  */
+                         arg_end = arg + u16_strlen (arg);
+                         /* The number of characters doesn't matter.  */
+                         characters = 0;
+                       }
+
+                     if (has_width && width > characters
+                         && !(dp->flags & FLAG_LEFT))
+                       {
+                         size_t n = width - characters;
+                         ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, n));
+                         DCHAR_SET (result + length, ' ', n);
+                         length += n;
+                       }
+
+# if DCHAR_IS_UINT16_T
+                     {
+                       size_t n = arg_end - arg;
+                       ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, n));
+                       DCHAR_CPY (result + length, arg, n);
+                       length += n;
+                     }
+# else
+                     { /* Convert.  */
+                       DCHAR_T *converted = result + length;
+                       size_t converted_len = allocated - length;
+#  if DCHAR_IS_TCHAR
+                       /* Convert from UTF-16 to locale encoding.  */
+                       if (u16_conv_to_encoding (locale_charset (),
+                                                 iconveh_question_mark,
+                                                 arg, arg_end - arg, NULL,
+                                                 &converted, &converted_len)
+                           < 0)
+#  else
+                       /* Convert from UTF-16 to UTF-8/UTF-32.  */
+                       converted =
+                         U16_TO_DCHAR (arg, arg_end - arg,
+                                       converted, &converted_len);
+                       if (converted == NULL)
+#  endif
+                         {
+                           int saved_errno = errno;
+                           if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+                             free (result);
+                           if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+                             free (buf_malloced);
+                           CLEANUP ();
+                           errno = saved_errno;
+                           return NULL;
+                         }
+                       if (converted != result + length)
+                         {
+                           ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, converted_len));
+                           DCHAR_CPY (result + length, converted, converted_len);
+                           free (converted);
+                         }
+                       length += converted_len;
+                     }
+# endif
+
+                     if (has_width && width > characters
+                         && (dp->flags & FLAG_LEFT))
+                       {
+                         size_t n = width - characters;
+                         ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, n));
+                         DCHAR_SET (result + length, ' ', n);
+                         length += n;
+                       }
+                   }
+                   break;
+
+                 case TYPE_U32_STRING:
+                   {
+                     const uint32_t *arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_u32_string;
+                     const uint32_t *arg_end;
+                     size_t characters;
+
+                     if (has_precision)
+                       {
+                         /* Use only PRECISION characters, from the left.  */
+                         arg_end = arg;
+                         characters = 0;
+                         for (; precision > 0; precision--)
+                           {
+                             int count = u32_strmblen (arg_end);
+                             if (count == 0)
+                               break;
+                             if (count < 0)
+                               {
+                                 if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+                                   free (result);
+                                 if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+                                   free (buf_malloced);
+                                 CLEANUP ();
+                                 errno = EILSEQ;
+                                 return NULL;
+                               }
+                             arg_end += count;
+                             characters++;
+                           }
+                       }
+                     else if (has_width)
+                       {
+                         /* Use the entire string, and count the number of
+                            characters.  */
+                         arg_end = arg;
+                         characters = 0;
+                         for (;;)
+                           {
+                             int count = u32_strmblen (arg_end);
+                             if (count == 0)
+                               break;
+                             if (count < 0)
+                               {
+                                 if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+                                   free (result);
+                                 if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+                                   free (buf_malloced);
+                                 CLEANUP ();
+                                 errno = EILSEQ;
+                                 return NULL;
+                               }
+                             arg_end += count;
+                             characters++;
+                           }
+                       }
+                     else
+                       {
+                         /* Use the entire string.  */
+                         arg_end = arg + u32_strlen (arg);
+                         /* The number of characters doesn't matter.  */
+                         characters = 0;
+                       }
+
+                     if (has_width && width > characters
+                         && !(dp->flags & FLAG_LEFT))
+                       {
+                         size_t n = width - characters;
+                         ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, n));
+                         DCHAR_SET (result + length, ' ', n);
+                         length += n;
+                       }
+
+# if DCHAR_IS_UINT32_T
+                     {
+                       size_t n = arg_end - arg;
+                       ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, n));
+                       DCHAR_CPY (result + length, arg, n);
+                       length += n;
+                     }
+# else
+                     { /* Convert.  */
+                       DCHAR_T *converted = result + length;
+                       size_t converted_len = allocated - length;
+#  if DCHAR_IS_TCHAR
+                       /* Convert from UTF-32 to locale encoding.  */
+                       if (u32_conv_to_encoding (locale_charset (),
+                                                 iconveh_question_mark,
+                                                 arg, arg_end - arg, NULL,
+                                                 &converted, &converted_len)
+                           < 0)
+#  else
+                       /* Convert from UTF-32 to UTF-8/UTF-16.  */
+                       converted =
+                         U32_TO_DCHAR (arg, arg_end - arg,
+                                       converted, &converted_len);
+                       if (converted == NULL)
+#  endif
+                         {
+                           int saved_errno = errno;
+                           if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+                             free (result);
+                           if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+                             free (buf_malloced);
+                           CLEANUP ();
+                           errno = saved_errno;
+                           return NULL;
+                         }
+                       if (converted != result + length)
+                         {
+                           ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, converted_len));
+                           DCHAR_CPY (result + length, converted, converted_len);
+                           free (converted);
+                         }
+                       length += converted_len;
+                     }
+# endif
+
+                     if (has_width && width > characters
+                         && (dp->flags & FLAG_LEFT))
+                       {
+                         size_t n = width - characters;
+                         ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, n));
+                         DCHAR_SET (result + length, ' ', n);
+                         length += n;
+                       }
+                   }
+                   break;
+
+                 default:
+                   abort ();
+                 }
+             }
+#endif
+#if (NEED_PRINTF_DIRECTIVE_A || NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE) && !defined IN_LIBINTL
+           else if ((dp->conversion == 'a' || dp->conversion == 'A')
+# if !(NEED_PRINTF_DIRECTIVE_A || (NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE && NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE))
+                    && (0
+#  if NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE
+                        || a.arg[dp->arg_index].type == TYPE_DOUBLE
+#  endif
+#  if NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE
+                        || a.arg[dp->arg_index].type == TYPE_LONGDOUBLE
+#  endif
+                       )
+# endif
+                   )
+             {
+               arg_type type = a.arg[dp->arg_index].type;
+               int flags = dp->flags;
+               int has_width;
+               size_t width;
+               int has_precision;
+               size_t precision;
+               size_t tmp_length;
+               DCHAR_T tmpbuf[700];
+               DCHAR_T *tmp;
+               DCHAR_T *pad_ptr;
+               DCHAR_T *p;
+
+               has_width = 0;
+               width = 0;
+               if (dp->width_start != dp->width_end)
+                 {
+                   if (dp->width_arg_index != ARG_NONE)
+                     {
+                       int arg;
+
+                       if (!(a.arg[dp->width_arg_index].type == TYPE_INT))
+                         abort ();
+                       arg = a.arg[dp->width_arg_index].a.a_int;
+                       if (arg < 0)
+                         {
+                           /* "A negative field width is taken as a '-' flag
+                               followed by a positive field width."  */
+                           flags |= FLAG_LEFT;
+                           width = (unsigned int) (-arg);
+                         }
+                       else
+                         width = arg;
+                     }
+                   else
+                     {
+                       const FCHAR_T *digitp = dp->width_start;
+
+                       do
+                         width = xsum (xtimes (width, 10), *digitp++ - '0');
+                       while (digitp != dp->width_end);
+                     }
+                   has_width = 1;
+                 }
+
+               has_precision = 0;
+               precision = 0;
+               if (dp->precision_start != dp->precision_end)
+                 {
+                   if (dp->precision_arg_index != ARG_NONE)
+                     {
+                       int arg;
+
+                       if (!(a.arg[dp->precision_arg_index].type == TYPE_INT))
+                         abort ();
+                       arg = a.arg[dp->precision_arg_index].a.a_int;
+                       /* "A negative precision is taken as if the precision
+                           were omitted."  */
+                       if (arg >= 0)
+                         {
+                           precision = arg;
+                           has_precision = 1;
+                         }
+                     }
+                   else
+                     {
+                       const FCHAR_T *digitp = dp->precision_start + 1;
+
+                       precision = 0;
+                       while (digitp != dp->precision_end)
+                         precision = xsum (xtimes (precision, 10), *digitp++ - '0');
+                       has_precision = 1;
+                     }
+                 }
+
+               /* Allocate a temporary buffer of sufficient size.  */
+               if (type == TYPE_LONGDOUBLE)
+                 tmp_length =
+                   (unsigned int) ((LDBL_DIG + 1)
+                                   * 0.831 /* decimal -> hexadecimal */
+                                  )
+                   + 1; /* turn floor into ceil */
+               else
+                 tmp_length =
+                   (unsigned int) ((DBL_DIG + 1)
+                                   * 0.831 /* decimal -> hexadecimal */
+                                  )
+                   + 1; /* turn floor into ceil */
+               if (tmp_length < precision)
+                 tmp_length = precision;
+               /* Account for sign, decimal point etc. */
+               tmp_length = xsum (tmp_length, 12);
+
+               if (tmp_length < width)
+                 tmp_length = width;
+
+               tmp_length = xsum (tmp_length, 1); /* account for trailing NUL */
+
+               if (tmp_length <= sizeof (tmpbuf) / sizeof (DCHAR_T))
+                 tmp = tmpbuf;
+               else
+                 {
+                   size_t tmp_memsize = xtimes (tmp_length, sizeof (DCHAR_T));
+
+                   if (size_overflow_p (tmp_memsize))
+                     /* Overflow, would lead to out of memory.  */
+                     goto out_of_memory;
+                   tmp = (DCHAR_T *) malloc (tmp_memsize);
+                   if (tmp == NULL)
+                     /* Out of memory.  */
+                     goto out_of_memory;
+                 }
+
+               pad_ptr = NULL;
+               p = tmp;
+               if (type == TYPE_LONGDOUBLE)
+                 {
+# if NEED_PRINTF_DIRECTIVE_A || NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE
+                   long double arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_longdouble;
+
+                   if (isnanl (arg))
+                     {
+                       if (dp->conversion == 'A')
+                         {
+                           *p++ = 'N'; *p++ = 'A'; *p++ = 'N';
+                         }
+                       else
+                         {
+                           *p++ = 'n'; *p++ = 'a'; *p++ = 'n';
+                         }
+                     }
+                   else
+                     {
+                       int sign = 0;
+                       DECL_LONG_DOUBLE_ROUNDING
+
+                       BEGIN_LONG_DOUBLE_ROUNDING ();
+
+                       if (signbit (arg)) /* arg < 0.0L or negative zero */
+                         {
+                           sign = -1;
+                           arg = -arg;
+                         }
+
+                       if (sign < 0)
+                         *p++ = '-';
+                       else if (flags & FLAG_SHOWSIGN)
+                         *p++ = '+';
+                       else if (flags & FLAG_SPACE)
+                         *p++ = ' ';
+
+                       if (arg > 0.0L && arg + arg == arg)
+                         {
+                           if (dp->conversion == 'A')
+                             {
+                               *p++ = 'I'; *p++ = 'N'; *p++ = 'F';
+                             }
+                           else
+                             {
+                               *p++ = 'i'; *p++ = 'n'; *p++ = 'f';
+                             }
+                         }
+                       else
+                         {
+                           int exponent;
+                           long double mantissa;
+
+                           if (arg > 0.0L)
+                             mantissa = printf_frexpl (arg, &exponent);
+                           else
+                             {
+                               exponent = 0;
+                               mantissa = 0.0L;
+                             }
+
+                           if (has_precision
+                               && precision < (unsigned int) ((LDBL_DIG + 1) * 0.831) + 1)
+                             {
+                               /* Round the mantissa.  */
+                               long double tail = mantissa;
+                               size_t q;
+
+                               for (q = precision; ; q--)
+                                 {
+                                   int digit = (int) tail;
+                                   tail -= digit;
+                                   if (q == 0)
+                                     {
+                                       if (digit & 1 ? tail >= 0.5L : tail > 0.5L)
+                                         tail = 1 - tail;
+                                       else
+                                         tail = - tail;
+                                       break;
+                                     }
+                                   tail *= 16.0L;
+                                 }
+                               if (tail != 0.0L)
+                                 for (q = precision; q > 0; q--)
+                                   tail *= 0.0625L;
+                               mantissa += tail;
+                             }
+
+                           *p++ = '0';
+                           *p++ = dp->conversion - 'A' + 'X';
+                           pad_ptr = p;
+                           {
+                             int digit;
+
+                             digit = (int) mantissa;
+                             mantissa -= digit;
+                             *p++ = '0' + digit;
+                             if ((flags & FLAG_ALT)
+                                 || mantissa > 0.0L || precision > 0)
+                               {
+                                 *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                 /* This loop terminates because we assume
+                                    that FLT_RADIX is a power of 2.  */
+                                 while (mantissa > 0.0L)
+                                   {
+                                     mantissa *= 16.0L;
+                                     digit = (int) mantissa;
+                                     mantissa -= digit;
+                                     *p++ = digit
+                                            + (digit < 10
+                                               ? '0'
+                                               : dp->conversion - 10);
+                                     if (precision > 0)
+                                       precision--;
+                                   }
+                                 while (precision > 0)
+                                   {
+                                     *p++ = '0';
+                                     precision--;
+                                   }
+                               }
+                             }
+                             *p++ = dp->conversion - 'A' + 'P';
+#  if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
+                             {
+                               static const wchar_t decimal_format[] =
+                                 { '%', '+', 'd', '\0' };
+                               SNPRINTF (p, 6 + 1, decimal_format, exponent);
+                             }
+                             while (*p != '\0')
+                               p++;
+#  else
+                             if (sizeof (DCHAR_T) == 1)
+                               {
+                                 sprintf ((char *) p, "%+d", exponent);
+                                 while (*p != '\0')
+                                   p++;
+                               }
+                             else
+                               {
+                                 char expbuf[6 + 1];
+                                 const char *ep;
+                                 sprintf (expbuf, "%+d", exponent);
+                                 for (ep = expbuf; (*p = *ep) != '\0'; ep++)
+                                   p++;
+                               }
+#  endif
+                         }
+
+                       END_LONG_DOUBLE_ROUNDING ();
+                     }
+# else
+                   abort ();
+# endif
+                 }
+               else
+                 {
+# if NEED_PRINTF_DIRECTIVE_A || NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE
+                   double arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_double;
+
+                   if (isnand (arg))
+                     {
+                       if (dp->conversion == 'A')
+                         {
+                           *p++ = 'N'; *p++ = 'A'; *p++ = 'N';
+                         }
+                       else
+                         {
+                           *p++ = 'n'; *p++ = 'a'; *p++ = 'n';
+                         }
+                     }
+                   else
+                     {
+                       int sign = 0;
+
+                       if (signbit (arg)) /* arg < 0.0 or negative zero */
+                         {
+                           sign = -1;
+                           arg = -arg;
+                         }
+
+                       if (sign < 0)
+                         *p++ = '-';
+                       else if (flags & FLAG_SHOWSIGN)
+                         *p++ = '+';
+                       else if (flags & FLAG_SPACE)
+                         *p++ = ' ';
+
+                       if (arg > 0.0 && arg + arg == arg)
+                         {
+                           if (dp->conversion == 'A')
+                             {
+                               *p++ = 'I'; *p++ = 'N'; *p++ = 'F';
+                             }
+                           else
+                             {
+                               *p++ = 'i'; *p++ = 'n'; *p++ = 'f';
+                             }
+                         }
+                       else
+                         {
+                           int exponent;
+                           double mantissa;
+
+                           if (arg > 0.0)
+                             mantissa = printf_frexp (arg, &exponent);
+                           else
+                             {
+                               exponent = 0;
+                               mantissa = 0.0;
+                             }
+
+                           if (has_precision
+                               && precision < (unsigned int) ((DBL_DIG + 1) * 0.831) + 1)
+                             {
+                               /* Round the mantissa.  */
+                               double tail = mantissa;
+                               size_t q;
+
+                               for (q = precision; ; q--)
+                                 {
+                                   int digit = (int) tail;
+                                   tail -= digit;
+                                   if (q == 0)
+                                     {
+                                       if (digit & 1 ? tail >= 0.5 : tail > 0.5)
+                                         tail = 1 - tail;
+                                       else
+                                         tail = - tail;
+                                       break;
+                                     }
+                                   tail *= 16.0;
+                                 }
+                               if (tail != 0.0)
+                                 for (q = precision; q > 0; q--)
+                                   tail *= 0.0625;
+                               mantissa += tail;
+                             }
+
+                           *p++ = '0';
+                           *p++ = dp->conversion - 'A' + 'X';
+                           pad_ptr = p;
+                           {
+                             int digit;
+
+                             digit = (int) mantissa;
+                             mantissa -= digit;
+                             *p++ = '0' + digit;
+                             if ((flags & FLAG_ALT)
+                                 || mantissa > 0.0 || precision > 0)
+                               {
+                                 *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                 /* This loop terminates because we assume
+                                    that FLT_RADIX is a power of 2.  */
+                                 while (mantissa > 0.0)
+                                   {
+                                     mantissa *= 16.0;
+                                     digit = (int) mantissa;
+                                     mantissa -= digit;
+                                     *p++ = digit
+                                            + (digit < 10
+                                               ? '0'
+                                               : dp->conversion - 10);
+                                     if (precision > 0)
+                                       precision--;
+                                   }
+                                 while (precision > 0)
+                                   {
+                                     *p++ = '0';
+                                     precision--;
+                                   }
+                               }
+                             }
+                             *p++ = dp->conversion - 'A' + 'P';
+#  if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
+                             {
+                               static const wchar_t decimal_format[] =
+                                 { '%', '+', 'd', '\0' };
+                               SNPRINTF (p, 6 + 1, decimal_format, exponent);
+                             }
+                             while (*p != '\0')
+                               p++;
+#  else
+                             if (sizeof (DCHAR_T) == 1)
+                               {
+                                 sprintf ((char *) p, "%+d", exponent);
+                                 while (*p != '\0')
+                                   p++;
+                               }
+                             else
+                               {
+                                 char expbuf[6 + 1];
+                                 const char *ep;
+                                 sprintf (expbuf, "%+d", exponent);
+                                 for (ep = expbuf; (*p = *ep) != '\0'; ep++)
+                                   p++;
+                               }
+#  endif
+                         }
+                     }
+# else
+                   abort ();
+# endif
+                 }
+               /* The generated string now extends from tmp to p, with the
+                  zero padding insertion point being at pad_ptr.  */
+               if (has_width && p - tmp < width)
+                 {
+                   size_t pad = width - (p - tmp);
+                   DCHAR_T *end = p + pad;
+
+                   if (flags & FLAG_LEFT)
+                     {
+                       /* Pad with spaces on the right.  */
+                       for (; pad > 0; pad--)
+                         *p++ = ' ';
+                     }
+                   else if ((flags & FLAG_ZERO) && pad_ptr != NULL)
+                     {
+                       /* Pad with zeroes.  */
+                       DCHAR_T *q = end;
+
+                       while (p > pad_ptr)
+                         *--q = *--p;
+                       for (; pad > 0; pad--)
+                         *p++ = '0';
+                     }
+                   else
+                     {
+                       /* Pad with spaces on the left.  */
+                       DCHAR_T *q = end;
+
+                       while (p > tmp)
+                         *--q = *--p;
+                       for (; pad > 0; pad--)
+                         *p++ = ' ';
+                     }
+
+                   p = end;
+                 }
+
+               {
+                 size_t count = p - tmp;
+
+                 if (count >= tmp_length)
+                   /* tmp_length was incorrectly calculated - fix the
+                      code above!  */
+                   abort ();
+
+                 /* Make room for the result.  */
+                 if (count >= allocated - length)
+                   {
+                     size_t n = xsum (length, count);
+
+                     ENSURE_ALLOCATION (n);
+                   }
+
+                 /* Append the result.  */
+                 memcpy (result + length, tmp, count * sizeof (DCHAR_T));
+                 if (tmp != tmpbuf)
+                   free (tmp);
+                 length += count;
+               }
+             }
+#endif
+#if (NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_LONG_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE) && !defined IN_LIBINTL
+           else if ((dp->conversion == 'f' || dp->conversion == 'F'
+                     || dp->conversion == 'e' || dp->conversion == 'E'
+                     || dp->conversion == 'g' || dp->conversion == 'G'
+                     || dp->conversion == 'a' || dp->conversion == 'A')
+                    && (0
+# if NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE
+                        || a.arg[dp->arg_index].type == TYPE_DOUBLE
+# elif NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_DOUBLE
+                        || (a.arg[dp->arg_index].type == TYPE_DOUBLE
+                            /* The systems (mingw) which produce wrong output
+                               for Inf, -Inf, and NaN also do so for -0.0.
+                               Therefore we treat this case here as well.  */
+                            && is_infinite_or_zero (a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_double))
+# endif
+# if NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE
+                        || a.arg[dp->arg_index].type == TYPE_LONGDOUBLE
+# elif NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_LONG_DOUBLE
+                        || (a.arg[dp->arg_index].type == TYPE_LONGDOUBLE
+                            /* Some systems produce wrong output for Inf,
+                               -Inf, and NaN.  */
+                            && is_infinitel (a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_longdouble))
+# endif
+                       ))
+             {
+# if (NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_DOUBLE) && (NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_LONG_DOUBLE)
+               arg_type type = a.arg[dp->arg_index].type;
+# endif
+               int flags = dp->flags;
+               int has_width;
+               size_t width;
+               int has_precision;
+               size_t precision;
+               size_t tmp_length;
+               DCHAR_T tmpbuf[700];
+               DCHAR_T *tmp;
+               DCHAR_T *pad_ptr;
+               DCHAR_T *p;
+
+               has_width = 0;
+               width = 0;
+               if (dp->width_start != dp->width_end)
+                 {
+                   if (dp->width_arg_index != ARG_NONE)
+                     {
+                       int arg;
+
+                       if (!(a.arg[dp->width_arg_index].type == TYPE_INT))
+                         abort ();
+                       arg = a.arg[dp->width_arg_index].a.a_int;
+                       if (arg < 0)
+                         {
+                           /* "A negative field width is taken as a '-' flag
+                               followed by a positive field width."  */
+                           flags |= FLAG_LEFT;
+                           width = (unsigned int) (-arg);
+                         }
+                       else
+                         width = arg;
+                     }
+                   else
+                     {
+                       const FCHAR_T *digitp = dp->width_start;
+
+                       do
+                         width = xsum (xtimes (width, 10), *digitp++ - '0');
+                       while (digitp != dp->width_end);
+                     }
+                   has_width = 1;
+                 }
+
+               has_precision = 0;
+               precision = 0;
+               if (dp->precision_start != dp->precision_end)
+                 {
+                   if (dp->precision_arg_index != ARG_NONE)
+                     {
+                       int arg;
+
+                       if (!(a.arg[dp->precision_arg_index].type == TYPE_INT))
+                         abort ();
+                       arg = a.arg[dp->precision_arg_index].a.a_int;
+                       /* "A negative precision is taken as if the precision
+                           were omitted."  */
+                       if (arg >= 0)
+                         {
+                           precision = arg;
+                           has_precision = 1;
+                         }
+                     }
+                   else
+                     {
+                       const FCHAR_T *digitp = dp->precision_start + 1;
+
+                       precision = 0;
+                       while (digitp != dp->precision_end)
+                         precision = xsum (xtimes (precision, 10), *digitp++ - '0');
+                       has_precision = 1;
+                     }
+                 }
+
+               /* POSIX specifies the default precision to be 6 for %f, %F,
+                  %e, %E, but not for %g, %G.  Implementations appear to use
+                  the same default precision also for %g, %G.  */
+               if (!has_precision)
+                 precision = 6;
+
+               /* Allocate a temporary buffer of sufficient size.  */
+# if NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE && NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE
+               tmp_length = (type == TYPE_LONGDOUBLE ? LDBL_DIG + 1 : DBL_DIG + 1);
+# elif NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_DOUBLE && NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE
+               tmp_length = (type == TYPE_LONGDOUBLE ? LDBL_DIG + 1 : 0);
+# elif NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE
+               tmp_length = LDBL_DIG + 1;
+# elif NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE
+               tmp_length = DBL_DIG + 1;
+# else
+               tmp_length = 0;
+# endif
+               if (tmp_length < precision)
+                 tmp_length = precision;
+# if NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE
+#  if NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_DOUBLE
+               if (type == TYPE_LONGDOUBLE)
+#  endif
+                 if (dp->conversion == 'f' || dp->conversion == 'F')
+                   {
+                     long double arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_longdouble;
+                     if (!(isnanl (arg) || arg + arg == arg))
+                       {
+                         /* arg is finite and nonzero.  */
+                         int exponent = floorlog10l (arg < 0 ? -arg : arg);
+                         if (exponent >= 0 && tmp_length < exponent + precision)
+                           tmp_length = exponent + precision;
+                       }
+                   }
+# endif
+# if NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE
+#  if NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_LONG_DOUBLE
+               if (type == TYPE_DOUBLE)
+#  endif
+                 if (dp->conversion == 'f' || dp->conversion == 'F')
+                   {
+                     double arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_double;
+                     if (!(isnand (arg) || arg + arg == arg))
+                       {
+                         /* arg is finite and nonzero.  */
+                         int exponent = floorlog10 (arg < 0 ? -arg : arg);
+                         if (exponent >= 0 && tmp_length < exponent + precision)
+                           tmp_length = exponent + precision;
+                       }
+                   }
+# endif
+               /* Account for sign, decimal point etc. */
+               tmp_length = xsum (tmp_length, 12);
+
+               if (tmp_length < width)
+                 tmp_length = width;
+
+               tmp_length = xsum (tmp_length, 1); /* account for trailing NUL */
+
+               if (tmp_length <= sizeof (tmpbuf) / sizeof (DCHAR_T))
+                 tmp = tmpbuf;
+               else
+                 {
+                   size_t tmp_memsize = xtimes (tmp_length, sizeof (DCHAR_T));
+
+                   if (size_overflow_p (tmp_memsize))
+                     /* Overflow, would lead to out of memory.  */
+                     goto out_of_memory;
+                   tmp = (DCHAR_T *) malloc (tmp_memsize);
+                   if (tmp == NULL)
+                     /* Out of memory.  */
+                     goto out_of_memory;
+                 }
+
+               pad_ptr = NULL;
+               p = tmp;
+
+# if NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_LONG_DOUBLE
+#  if NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_DOUBLE
+               if (type == TYPE_LONGDOUBLE)
+#  endif
+                 {
+                   long double arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_longdouble;
+
+                   if (isnanl (arg))
+                     {
+                       if (dp->conversion >= 'A' && dp->conversion <= 'Z')
+                         {
+                           *p++ = 'N'; *p++ = 'A'; *p++ = 'N';
+                         }
+                       else
+                         {
+                           *p++ = 'n'; *p++ = 'a'; *p++ = 'n';
+                         }
+                     }
+                   else
+                     {
+                       int sign = 0;
+                       DECL_LONG_DOUBLE_ROUNDING
+
+                       BEGIN_LONG_DOUBLE_ROUNDING ();
+
+                       if (signbit (arg)) /* arg < 0.0L or negative zero */
+                         {
+                           sign = -1;
+                           arg = -arg;
+                         }
+
+                       if (sign < 0)
+                         *p++ = '-';
+                       else if (flags & FLAG_SHOWSIGN)
+                         *p++ = '+';
+                       else if (flags & FLAG_SPACE)
+                         *p++ = ' ';
+
+                       if (arg > 0.0L && arg + arg == arg)
+                         {
+                           if (dp->conversion >= 'A' && dp->conversion <= 'Z')
+                             {
+                               *p++ = 'I'; *p++ = 'N'; *p++ = 'F';
+                             }
+                           else
+                             {
+                               *p++ = 'i'; *p++ = 'n'; *p++ = 'f';
+                             }
+                         }
+                       else
+                         {
+#  if NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE
+                           pad_ptr = p;
+
+                           if (dp->conversion == 'f' || dp->conversion == 'F')
+                             {
+                               char *digits;
+                               size_t ndigits;
+
+                               digits =
+                                 scale10_round_decimal_long_double (arg, precision);
+                               if (digits == NULL)
+                                 {
+                                   END_LONG_DOUBLE_ROUNDING ();
+                                   goto out_of_memory;
+                                 }
+                               ndigits = strlen (digits);
+
+                               if (ndigits > precision)
+                                 do
+                                   {
+                                     --ndigits;
+                                     *p++ = digits[ndigits];
+                                   }
+                                 while (ndigits > precision);
+                               else
+                                 *p++ = '0';
+                               /* Here ndigits <= precision.  */
+                               if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) || precision > 0)
+                                 {
+                                   *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                   for (; precision > ndigits; precision--)
+                                     *p++ = '0';
+                                   while (ndigits > 0)
+                                     {
+                                       --ndigits;
+                                       *p++ = digits[ndigits];
+                                     }
+                                 }
+
+                               free (digits);
+                             }
+                           else if (dp->conversion == 'e' || dp->conversion == 'E')
+                             {
+                               int exponent;
+
+                               if (arg == 0.0L)
+                                 {
+                                   exponent = 0;
+                                   *p++ = '0';
+                                   if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) || precision > 0)
+                                     {
+                                       *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                       for (; precision > 0; precision--)
+                                         *p++ = '0';
+                                     }
+                                 }
+                               else
+                                 {
+                                   /* arg > 0.0L.  */
+                                   int adjusted;
+                                   char *digits;
+                                   size_t ndigits;
+
+                                   exponent = floorlog10l (arg);
+                                   adjusted = 0;
+                                   for (;;)
+                                     {
+                                       digits =
+                                         scale10_round_decimal_long_double (arg,
+                                                                            (int)precision - exponent);
+                                       if (digits == NULL)
+                                         {
+                                           END_LONG_DOUBLE_ROUNDING ();
+                                           goto out_of_memory;
+                                         }
+                                       ndigits = strlen (digits);
+
+                                       if (ndigits == precision + 1)
+                                         break;
+                                       if (ndigits < precision
+                                           || ndigits > precision + 2)
+                                         /* The exponent was not guessed
+                                            precisely enough.  */
+                                         abort ();
+                                       if (adjusted)
+                                         /* None of two values of exponent is
+                                            the right one.  Prevent an endless
+                                            loop.  */
+                                         abort ();
+                                       free (digits);
+                                       if (ndigits == precision)
+                                         exponent -= 1;
+                                       else
+                                         exponent += 1;
+                                       adjusted = 1;
+                                     }
+
+                                   /* Here ndigits = precision+1.  */
+                                   *p++ = digits[--ndigits];
+                                   if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) || precision > 0)
+                                     {
+                                       *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                       while (ndigits > 0)
+                                         {
+                                           --ndigits;
+                                           *p++ = digits[ndigits];
+                                         }
+                                     }
+
+                                   free (digits);
+                                 }
+
+                               *p++ = dp->conversion; /* 'e' or 'E' */
+#   if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
+                               {
+                                 static const wchar_t decimal_format[] =
+                                   { '%', '+', '.', '2', 'd', '\0' };
+                                 SNPRINTF (p, 6 + 1, decimal_format, exponent);
+                               }
+                               while (*p != '\0')
+                                 p++;
+#   else
+                               if (sizeof (DCHAR_T) == 1)
+                                 {
+                                   sprintf ((char *) p, "%+.2d", exponent);
+                                   while (*p != '\0')
+                                     p++;
+                                 }
+                               else
+                                 {
+                                   char expbuf[6 + 1];
+                                   const char *ep;
+                                   sprintf (expbuf, "%+.2d", exponent);
+                                   for (ep = expbuf; (*p = *ep) != '\0'; ep++)
+                                     p++;
+                                 }
+#   endif
+                             }
+                           else if (dp->conversion == 'g' || dp->conversion == 'G')
+                             {
+                               if (precision == 0)
+                                 precision = 1;
+                               /* precision >= 1.  */
+
+                               if (arg == 0.0L)
+                                 /* The exponent is 0, >= -4, < precision.
+                                    Use fixed-point notation.  */
+                                 {
+                                   size_t ndigits = precision;
+                                   /* Number of trailing zeroes that have to be
+                                      dropped.  */
+                                   size_t nzeroes =
+                                     (flags & FLAG_ALT ? 0 : precision - 1);
+
+                                   --ndigits;
+                                   *p++ = '0';
+                                   if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) || ndigits > nzeroes)
+                                     {
+                                       *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                       while (ndigits > nzeroes)
+                                         {
+                                           --ndigits;
+                                           *p++ = '0';
+                                         }
+                                     }
+                                 }
+                               else
+                                 {
+                                   /* arg > 0.0L.  */
+                                   int exponent;
+                                   int adjusted;
+                                   char *digits;
+                                   size_t ndigits;
+                                   size_t nzeroes;
+
+                                   exponent = floorlog10l (arg);
+                                   adjusted = 0;
+                                   for (;;)
+                                     {
+                                       digits =
+                                         scale10_round_decimal_long_double (arg,
+                                                                            (int)(precision - 1) - exponent);
+                                       if (digits == NULL)
+                                         {
+                                           END_LONG_DOUBLE_ROUNDING ();
+                                           goto out_of_memory;
+                                         }
+                                       ndigits = strlen (digits);
+
+                                       if (ndigits == precision)
+                                         break;
+                                       if (ndigits < precision - 1
+                                           || ndigits > precision + 1)
+                                         /* The exponent was not guessed
+                                            precisely enough.  */
+                                         abort ();
+                                       if (adjusted)
+                                         /* None of two values of exponent is
+                                            the right one.  Prevent an endless
+                                            loop.  */
+                                         abort ();
+                                       free (digits);
+                                       if (ndigits < precision)
+                                         exponent -= 1;
+                                       else
+                                         exponent += 1;
+                                       adjusted = 1;
+                                     }
+                                   /* Here ndigits = precision.  */
+
+                                   /* Determine the number of trailing zeroes
+                                      that have to be dropped.  */
+                                   nzeroes = 0;
+                                   if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) == 0)
+                                     while (nzeroes < ndigits
+                                            && digits[nzeroes] == '0')
+                                       nzeroes++;
+
+                                   /* The exponent is now determined.  */
+                                   if (exponent >= -4
+                                       && exponent < (long)precision)
+                                     {
+                                       /* Fixed-point notation:
+                                          max(exponent,0)+1 digits, then the
+                                          decimal point, then the remaining
+                                          digits without trailing zeroes.  */
+                                       if (exponent >= 0)
+                                         {
+                                           size_t count = exponent + 1;
+                                           /* Note: count <= precision = ndigits.  */
+                                           for (; count > 0; count--)
+                                             *p++ = digits[--ndigits];
+                                           if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) || ndigits > nzeroes)
+                                             {
+                                               *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                               while (ndigits > nzeroes)
+                                                 {
+                                                   --ndigits;
+                                                   *p++ = digits[ndigits];
+                                                 }
+                                             }
+                                         }
+                                       else
+                                         {
+                                           size_t count = -exponent - 1;
+                                           *p++ = '0';
+                                           *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                           for (; count > 0; count--)
+                                             *p++ = '0';
+                                           while (ndigits > nzeroes)
+                                             {
+                                               --ndigits;
+                                               *p++ = digits[ndigits];
+                                             }
+                                         }
+                                     }
+                                   else
+                                     {
+                                       /* Exponential notation.  */
+                                       *p++ = digits[--ndigits];
+                                       if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) || ndigits > nzeroes)
+                                         {
+                                           *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                           while (ndigits > nzeroes)
+                                             {
+                                               --ndigits;
+                                               *p++ = digits[ndigits];
+                                             }
+                                         }
+                                       *p++ = dp->conversion - 'G' + 'E'; /* 'e' or 'E' */
+#   if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
+                                       {
+                                         static const wchar_t decimal_format[] =
+                                           { '%', '+', '.', '2', 'd', '\0' };
+                                         SNPRINTF (p, 6 + 1, decimal_format, exponent);
+                                       }
+                                       while (*p != '\0')
+                                         p++;
+#   else
+                                       if (sizeof (DCHAR_T) == 1)
+                                         {
+                                           sprintf ((char *) p, "%+.2d", exponent);
+                                           while (*p != '\0')
+                                             p++;
+                                         }
+                                       else
+                                         {
+                                           char expbuf[6 + 1];
+                                           const char *ep;
+                                           sprintf (expbuf, "%+.2d", exponent);
+                                           for (ep = expbuf; (*p = *ep) != '\0'; ep++)
+                                             p++;
+                                         }
+#   endif
+                                     }
+
+                                   free (digits);
+                                 }
+                             }
+                           else
+                             abort ();
+#  else
+                           /* arg is finite.  */
+                           abort ();
+#  endif
+                         }
+
+                       END_LONG_DOUBLE_ROUNDING ();
+                     }
+                 }
+#  if NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_DOUBLE
+               else
+#  endif
+# endif
+# if NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_DOUBLE
+                 {
+                   double arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_double;
+
+                   if (isnand (arg))
+                     {
+                       if (dp->conversion >= 'A' && dp->conversion <= 'Z')
+                         {
+                           *p++ = 'N'; *p++ = 'A'; *p++ = 'N';
+                         }
+                       else
+                         {
+                           *p++ = 'n'; *p++ = 'a'; *p++ = 'n';
+                         }
+                     }
+                   else
+                     {
+                       int sign = 0;
+
+                       if (signbit (arg)) /* arg < 0.0 or negative zero */
+                         {
+                           sign = -1;
+                           arg = -arg;
+                         }
+
+                       if (sign < 0)
+                         *p++ = '-';
+                       else if (flags & FLAG_SHOWSIGN)
+                         *p++ = '+';
+                       else if (flags & FLAG_SPACE)
+                         *p++ = ' ';
+
+                       if (arg > 0.0 && arg + arg == arg)
+                         {
+                           if (dp->conversion >= 'A' && dp->conversion <= 'Z')
+                             {
+                               *p++ = 'I'; *p++ = 'N'; *p++ = 'F';
+                             }
+                           else
+                             {
+                               *p++ = 'i'; *p++ = 'n'; *p++ = 'f';
+                             }
+                         }
+                       else
+                         {
+#  if NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE
+                           pad_ptr = p;
+
+                           if (dp->conversion == 'f' || dp->conversion == 'F')
+                             {
+                               char *digits;
+                               size_t ndigits;
+
+                               digits =
+                                 scale10_round_decimal_double (arg, precision);
+                               if (digits == NULL)
+                                 goto out_of_memory;
+                               ndigits = strlen (digits);
+
+                               if (ndigits > precision)
+                                 do
+                                   {
+                                     --ndigits;
+                                     *p++ = digits[ndigits];
+                                   }
+                                 while (ndigits > precision);
+                               else
+                                 *p++ = '0';
+                               /* Here ndigits <= precision.  */
+                               if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) || precision > 0)
+                                 {
+                                   *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                   for (; precision > ndigits; precision--)
+                                     *p++ = '0';
+                                   while (ndigits > 0)
+                                     {
+                                       --ndigits;
+                                       *p++ = digits[ndigits];
+                                     }
+                                 }
+
+                               free (digits);
+                             }
+                           else if (dp->conversion == 'e' || dp->conversion == 'E')
+                             {
+                               int exponent;
+
+                               if (arg == 0.0)
+                                 {
+                                   exponent = 0;
+                                   *p++ = '0';
+                                   if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) || precision > 0)
+                                     {
+                                       *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                       for (; precision > 0; precision--)
+                                         *p++ = '0';
+                                     }
+                                 }
+                               else
+                                 {
+                                   /* arg > 0.0.  */
+                                   int adjusted;
+                                   char *digits;
+                                   size_t ndigits;
+
+                                   exponent = floorlog10 (arg);
+                                   adjusted = 0;
+                                   for (;;)
+                                     {
+                                       digits =
+                                         scale10_round_decimal_double (arg,
+                                                                       (int)precision - exponent);
+                                       if (digits == NULL)
+                                         goto out_of_memory;
+                                       ndigits = strlen (digits);
+
+                                       if (ndigits == precision + 1)
+                                         break;
+                                       if (ndigits < precision
+                                           || ndigits > precision + 2)
+                                         /* The exponent was not guessed
+                                            precisely enough.  */
+                                         abort ();
+                                       if (adjusted)
+                                         /* None of two values of exponent is
+                                            the right one.  Prevent an endless
+                                            loop.  */
+                                         abort ();
+                                       free (digits);
+                                       if (ndigits == precision)
+                                         exponent -= 1;
+                                       else
+                                         exponent += 1;
+                                       adjusted = 1;
+                                     }
+
+                                   /* Here ndigits = precision+1.  */
+                                   *p++ = digits[--ndigits];
+                                   if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) || precision > 0)
+                                     {
+                                       *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                       while (ndigits > 0)
+                                         {
+                                           --ndigits;
+                                           *p++ = digits[ndigits];
+                                         }
+                                     }
+
+                                   free (digits);
+                                 }
+
+                               *p++ = dp->conversion; /* 'e' or 'E' */
+#   if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
+                               {
+                                 static const wchar_t decimal_format[] =
+                                   /* Produce the same number of exponent digits
+                                      as the native printf implementation.  */
+#    if (defined _WIN32 || defined __WIN32__) && ! defined __CYGWIN__
+                                   { '%', '+', '.', '3', 'd', '\0' };
+#    else
+                                   { '%', '+', '.', '2', 'd', '\0' };
+#    endif
+                                 SNPRINTF (p, 6 + 1, decimal_format, exponent);
+                               }
+                               while (*p != '\0')
+                                 p++;
+#   else
+                               {
+                                 static const char decimal_format[] =
+                                   /* Produce the same number of exponent digits
+                                      as the native printf implementation.  */
+#    if (defined _WIN32 || defined __WIN32__) && ! defined __CYGWIN__
+                                   "%+.3d";
+#    else
+                                   "%+.2d";
+#    endif
+                                 if (sizeof (DCHAR_T) == 1)
+                                   {
+                                     sprintf ((char *) p, decimal_format, exponent);
+                                     while (*p != '\0')
+                                       p++;
+                                   }
+                                 else
+                                   {
+                                     char expbuf[6 + 1];
+                                     const char *ep;
+                                     sprintf (expbuf, decimal_format, exponent);
+                                     for (ep = expbuf; (*p = *ep) != '\0'; ep++)
+                                       p++;
+                                   }
+                               }
+#   endif
+                             }
+                           else if (dp->conversion == 'g' || dp->conversion == 'G')
+                             {
+                               if (precision == 0)
+                                 precision = 1;
+                               /* precision >= 1.  */
+
+                               if (arg == 0.0)
+                                 /* The exponent is 0, >= -4, < precision.
+                                    Use fixed-point notation.  */
+                                 {
+                                   size_t ndigits = precision;
+                                   /* Number of trailing zeroes that have to be
+                                      dropped.  */
+                                   size_t nzeroes =
+                                     (flags & FLAG_ALT ? 0 : precision - 1);
+
+                                   --ndigits;
+                                   *p++ = '0';
+                                   if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) || ndigits > nzeroes)
+                                     {
+                                       *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                       while (ndigits > nzeroes)
+                                         {
+                                           --ndigits;
+                                           *p++ = '0';
+                                         }
+                                     }
+                                 }
+                               else
+                                 {
+                                   /* arg > 0.0.  */
+                                   int exponent;
+                                   int adjusted;
+                                   char *digits;
+                                   size_t ndigits;
+                                   size_t nzeroes;
+
+                                   exponent = floorlog10 (arg);
+                                   adjusted = 0;
+                                   for (;;)
+                                     {
+                                       digits =
+                                         scale10_round_decimal_double (arg,
+                                                                       (int)(precision - 1) - exponent);
+                                       if (digits == NULL)
+                                         goto out_of_memory;
+                                       ndigits = strlen (digits);
+
+                                       if (ndigits == precision)
+                                         break;
+                                       if (ndigits < precision - 1
+                                           || ndigits > precision + 1)
+                                         /* The exponent was not guessed
+                                            precisely enough.  */
+                                         abort ();
+                                       if (adjusted)
+                                         /* None of two values of exponent is
+                                            the right one.  Prevent an endless
+                                            loop.  */
+                                         abort ();
+                                       free (digits);
+                                       if (ndigits < precision)
+                                         exponent -= 1;
+                                       else
+                                         exponent += 1;
+                                       adjusted = 1;
+                                     }
+                                   /* Here ndigits = precision.  */
+
+                                   /* Determine the number of trailing zeroes
+                                      that have to be dropped.  */
+                                   nzeroes = 0;
+                                   if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) == 0)
+                                     while (nzeroes < ndigits
+                                            && digits[nzeroes] == '0')
+                                       nzeroes++;
+
+                                   /* The exponent is now determined.  */
+                                   if (exponent >= -4
+                                       && exponent < (long)precision)
+                                     {
+                                       /* Fixed-point notation:
+                                          max(exponent,0)+1 digits, then the
+                                          decimal point, then the remaining
+                                          digits without trailing zeroes.  */
+                                       if (exponent >= 0)
+                                         {
+                                           size_t count = exponent + 1;
+                                           /* Note: count <= precision = ndigits.  */
+                                           for (; count > 0; count--)
+                                             *p++ = digits[--ndigits];
+                                           if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) || ndigits > nzeroes)
+                                             {
+                                               *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                               while (ndigits > nzeroes)
+                                                 {
+                                                   --ndigits;
+                                                   *p++ = digits[ndigits];
+                                                 }
+                                             }
+                                         }
+                                       else
+                                         {
+                                           size_t count = -exponent - 1;
+                                           *p++ = '0';
+                                           *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                           for (; count > 0; count--)
+                                             *p++ = '0';
+                                           while (ndigits > nzeroes)
+                                             {
+                                               --ndigits;
+                                               *p++ = digits[ndigits];
+                                             }
+                                         }
+                                     }
+                                   else
+                                     {
+                                       /* Exponential notation.  */
+                                       *p++ = digits[--ndigits];
+                                       if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) || ndigits > nzeroes)
+                                         {
+                                           *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                           while (ndigits > nzeroes)
+                                             {
+                                               --ndigits;
+                                               *p++ = digits[ndigits];
+                                             }
+                                         }
+                                       *p++ = dp->conversion - 'G' + 'E'; /* 'e' or 'E' */
+#   if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
+                                       {
+                                         static const wchar_t decimal_format[] =
+                                           /* Produce the same number of exponent digits
+                                              as the native printf implementation.  */
+#    if (defined _WIN32 || defined __WIN32__) && ! defined __CYGWIN__
+                                           { '%', '+', '.', '3', 'd', '\0' };
+#    else
+                                           { '%', '+', '.', '2', 'd', '\0' };
+#    endif
+                                         SNPRINTF (p, 6 + 1, decimal_format, exponent);
+                                       }
+                                       while (*p != '\0')
+                                         p++;
+#   else
+                                       {
+                                         static const char decimal_format[] =
+                                           /* Produce the same number of exponent digits
+                                              as the native printf implementation.  */
+#    if (defined _WIN32 || defined __WIN32__) && ! defined __CYGWIN__
+                                           "%+.3d";
+#    else
+                                           "%+.2d";
+#    endif
+                                         if (sizeof (DCHAR_T) == 1)
+                                           {
+                                             sprintf ((char *) p, decimal_format, exponent);
+                                             while (*p != '\0')
+                                               p++;
+                                           }
+                                         else
+                                           {
+                                             char expbuf[6 + 1];
+                                             const char *ep;
+                                             sprintf (expbuf, decimal_format, exponent);
+                                             for (ep = expbuf; (*p = *ep) != '\0'; ep++)
+                                               p++;
+                                           }
+                                       }
+#   endif
+                                     }
+
+                                   free (digits);
+                                 }
+                             }
+                           else
+                             abort ();
+#  else
+                           /* arg is finite.  */
+                           if (!(arg == 0.0))
+                             abort ();
+
+                           pad_ptr = p;
+
+                           if (dp->conversion == 'f' || dp->conversion == 'F')
+                             {
+                               *p++ = '0';
+                               if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) || precision > 0)
+                                 {
+                                   *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                   for (; precision > 0; precision--)
+                                     *p++ = '0';
+                                 }
+                             }
+                           else if (dp->conversion == 'e' || dp->conversion == 'E')
+                             {
+                               *p++ = '0';
+                               if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) || precision > 0)
+                                 {
+                                   *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                   for (; precision > 0; precision--)
+                                     *p++ = '0';
+                                 }
+                               *p++ = dp->conversion; /* 'e' or 'E' */
+                               *p++ = '+';
+                               /* Produce the same number of exponent digits as
+                                  the native printf implementation.  */
+#   if (defined _WIN32 || defined __WIN32__) && ! defined __CYGWIN__
+                               *p++ = '0';
+#   endif
+                               *p++ = '0';
+                               *p++ = '0';
+                             }
+                           else if (dp->conversion == 'g' || dp->conversion == 'G')
+                             {
+                               *p++ = '0';
+                               if (flags & FLAG_ALT)
+                                 {
+                                   size_t ndigits =
+                                     (precision > 0 ? precision - 1 : 0);
+                                   *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                   for (; ndigits > 0; --ndigits)
+                                     *p++ = '0';
+                                 }
+                             }
+                           else
+                             abort ();
+#  endif
+                         }
+                     }
+                 }
+# endif
+
+               /* The generated string now extends from tmp to p, with the
+                  zero padding insertion point being at pad_ptr.  */
+               if (has_width && p - tmp < width)
+                 {
+                   size_t pad = width - (p - tmp);
+                   DCHAR_T *end = p + pad;
+
+                   if (flags & FLAG_LEFT)
+                     {
+                       /* Pad with spaces on the right.  */
+                       for (; pad > 0; pad--)
+                         *p++ = ' ';
+                     }
+                   else if ((flags & FLAG_ZERO) && pad_ptr != NULL)
+                     {
+                       /* Pad with zeroes.  */
+                       DCHAR_T *q = end;
+
+                       while (p > pad_ptr)
+                         *--q = *--p;
+                       for (; pad > 0; pad--)
+                         *p++ = '0';
+                     }
+                   else
+                     {
+                       /* Pad with spaces on the left.  */
+                       DCHAR_T *q = end;
+
+                       while (p > tmp)
+                         *--q = *--p;
+                       for (; pad > 0; pad--)
+                         *p++ = ' ';
+                     }
+
+                   p = end;
+                 }
 
 
-           if (!(dp->arg_index == ARG_NONE))
-             abort ();
-           augmented_length = xsum (length, 1);
-           ENSURE_ALLOCATION (augmented_length);
-           result[length] = '%';
-           length = augmented_length;
-         }
-       else
-         {
-           if (!(dp->arg_index != ARG_NONE))
-             abort ();
+               {
+                 size_t count = p - tmp;
 
 
-           if (dp->conversion == 'n')
-             {
-               switch (a.arg[dp->arg_index].type)
-                 {
-                 case TYPE_COUNT_SCHAR_POINTER:
-                   *a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_count_schar_pointer = length;
-                   break;
-                 case TYPE_COUNT_SHORT_POINTER:
-                   *a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_count_short_pointer = length;
-                   break;
-                 case TYPE_COUNT_INT_POINTER:
-                   *a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_count_int_pointer = length;
-                   break;
-                 case TYPE_COUNT_LONGINT_POINTER:
-                   *a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_count_longint_pointer = length;
-                   break;
-#if HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT
-                 case TYPE_COUNT_LONGLONGINT_POINTER:
-                   *a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_count_longlongint_pointer = length;
-                   break;
-#endif
-                 default:
+                 if (count >= tmp_length)
+                   /* tmp_length was incorrectly calculated - fix the
+                      code above!  */
                    abort ();
                    abort ();
-                 }
+
+                 /* Make room for the result.  */
+                 if (count >= allocated - length)
+                   {
+                     size_t n = xsum (length, count);
+
+                     ENSURE_ALLOCATION (n);
+                   }
+
+                 /* Append the result.  */
+                 memcpy (result + length, tmp, count * sizeof (DCHAR_T));
+                 if (tmp != tmpbuf)
+                   free (tmp);
+                 length += count;
+               }
              }
              }
+#endif
            else
              {
                arg_type type = a.arg[dp->arg_index].type;
            else
              {
                arg_type type = a.arg[dp->arg_index].type;
-               CHAR_T *p;
+               int flags = dp->flags;
+#if !USE_SNPRINTF || !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR || ENABLE_UNISTDIO || NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_LEFTADJUST || NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_ZERO || NEED_PRINTF_UNBOUNDED_PRECISION
+               int has_width;
+               size_t width;
+#endif
+#if !USE_SNPRINTF || NEED_PRINTF_UNBOUNDED_PRECISION
+               int has_precision;
+               size_t precision;
+#endif
+#if NEED_PRINTF_UNBOUNDED_PRECISION
+               int prec_ourselves;
+#else
+#              define prec_ourselves 0
+#endif
+#if NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_LEFTADJUST
+#              define pad_ourselves 1
+#elif !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR || ENABLE_UNISTDIO || NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_ZERO || NEED_PRINTF_UNBOUNDED_PRECISION
+               int pad_ourselves;
+#else
+#              define pad_ourselves 0
+#endif
+               TCHAR_T *fbp;
                unsigned int prefix_count;
                int prefixes[2];
 #if !USE_SNPRINTF
                size_t tmp_length;
                unsigned int prefix_count;
                int prefixes[2];
 #if !USE_SNPRINTF
                size_t tmp_length;
-               CHAR_T tmpbuf[700];
-               CHAR_T *tmp;
-
-               /* Allocate a temporary buffer of sufficient size for calling
-                  sprintf.  */
-               {
-                 size_t width;
-                 size_t precision;
+               TCHAR_T tmpbuf[700];
+               TCHAR_T *tmp;
+#endif
 
 
-                 width = 0;
-                 if (dp->width_start != dp->width_end)
-                   {
-                     if (dp->width_arg_index != ARG_NONE)
-                       {
-                         int arg;
+#if !USE_SNPRINTF || !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR || ENABLE_UNISTDIO || NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_LEFTADJUST || NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_ZERO || NEED_PRINTF_UNBOUNDED_PRECISION
+               has_width = 0;
+               width = 0;
+               if (dp->width_start != dp->width_end)
+                 {
+                   if (dp->width_arg_index != ARG_NONE)
+                     {
+                       int arg;
 
 
-                         if (!(a.arg[dp->width_arg_index].type == TYPE_INT))
-                           abort ();
-                         arg = a.arg[dp->width_arg_index].a.a_int;
-                         width = (arg < 0 ? (unsigned int) (-arg) : arg);
-                       }
-                     else
-                       {
-                         const CHAR_T *digitp = dp->width_start;
+                       if (!(a.arg[dp->width_arg_index].type == TYPE_INT))
+                         abort ();
+                       arg = a.arg[dp->width_arg_index].a.a_int;
+                       if (arg < 0)
+                         {
+                           /* "A negative field width is taken as a '-' flag
+                               followed by a positive field width."  */
+                           flags |= FLAG_LEFT;
+                           width = (unsigned int) (-arg);
+                         }
+                       else
+                         width = arg;
+                     }
+                   else
+                     {
+                       const FCHAR_T *digitp = dp->width_start;
 
 
-                         do
-                           width = xsum (xtimes (width, 10), *digitp++ - '0');
-                         while (digitp != dp->width_end);
-                       }
-                   }
+                       do
+                         width = xsum (xtimes (width, 10), *digitp++ - '0');
+                       while (digitp != dp->width_end);
+                     }
+                   has_width = 1;
+                 }
+#endif
 
 
-                 precision = 6;
-                 if (dp->precision_start != dp->precision_end)
-                   {
-                     if (dp->precision_arg_index != ARG_NONE)
-                       {
-                         int arg;
+#if !USE_SNPRINTF || NEED_PRINTF_UNBOUNDED_PRECISION
+               has_precision = 0;
+               precision = 6;
+               if (dp->precision_start != dp->precision_end)
+                 {
+                   if (dp->precision_arg_index != ARG_NONE)
+                     {
+                       int arg;
 
 
-                         if (!(a.arg[dp->precision_arg_index].type == TYPE_INT))
-                           abort ();
-                         arg = a.arg[dp->precision_arg_index].a.a_int;
-                         precision = (arg < 0 ? 0 : arg);
-                       }
-                     else
-                       {
-                         const CHAR_T *digitp = dp->precision_start + 1;
+                       if (!(a.arg[dp->precision_arg_index].type == TYPE_INT))
+                         abort ();
+                       arg = a.arg[dp->precision_arg_index].a.a_int;
+                       /* "A negative precision is taken as if the precision
+                           were omitted."  */
+                       if (arg >= 0)
+                         {
+                           precision = arg;
+                           has_precision = 1;
+                         }
+                     }
+                   else
+                     {
+                       const FCHAR_T *digitp = dp->precision_start + 1;
 
 
-                         precision = 0;
-                         while (digitp != dp->precision_end)
-                           precision = xsum (xtimes (precision, 10), *digitp++ - '0');
-                       }
-                   }
+                       precision = 0;
+                       while (digitp != dp->precision_end)
+                         precision = xsum (xtimes (precision, 10), *digitp++ - '0');
+                       has_precision = 1;
+                     }
+                 }
+#endif
 
 
+#if !USE_SNPRINTF
+               /* Allocate a temporary buffer of sufficient size for calling
+                  sprintf.  */
+               {
                  switch (dp->conversion)
                    {
 
                  switch (dp->conversion)
                    {
 
@@ -408,7 +3755,6 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
                      break;
 
                    case 'f': case 'F':
                      break;
 
                    case 'f': case 'F':
-# if HAVE_LONG_DOUBLE
                      if (type == TYPE_LONGDOUBLE)
                        tmp_length =
                          (unsigned int) (LDBL_MAX_EXP
                      if (type == TYPE_LONGDOUBLE)
                        tmp_length =
                          (unsigned int) (LDBL_MAX_EXP
@@ -418,7 +3764,6 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
                          + 1 /* turn floor into ceil */
                          + 10; /* sign, decimal point etc. */
                      else
                          + 1 /* turn floor into ceil */
                          + 10; /* sign, decimal point etc. */
                      else
-# endif
                        tmp_length =
                          (unsigned int) (DBL_MAX_EXP
                                          * 0.30103 /* binary -> decimal */
                        tmp_length =
                          (unsigned int) (DBL_MAX_EXP
                                          * 0.30103 /* binary -> decimal */
@@ -430,12 +3775,30 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
                      break;
 
                    case 'e': case 'E': case 'g': case 'G':
                      break;
 
                    case 'e': case 'E': case 'g': case 'G':
-                   case 'a': case 'A':
                      tmp_length =
                        12; /* sign, decimal point, exponent etc. */
                      tmp_length = xsum (tmp_length, precision);
                      break;
 
                      tmp_length =
                        12; /* sign, decimal point, exponent etc. */
                      tmp_length = xsum (tmp_length, precision);
                      break;
 
+                   case 'a': case 'A':
+                     if (type == TYPE_LONGDOUBLE)
+                       tmp_length =
+                         (unsigned int) (LDBL_DIG
+                                         * 0.831 /* decimal -> hexadecimal */
+                                        )
+                         + 1; /* turn floor into ceil */
+                     else
+                       tmp_length =
+                         (unsigned int) (DBL_DIG
+                                         * 0.831 /* decimal -> hexadecimal */
+                                        )
+                         + 1; /* turn floor into ceil */
+                     if (tmp_length < precision)
+                       tmp_length = precision;
+                     /* Account for sign, decimal point etc. */
+                     tmp_length = xsum (tmp_length, 12);
+                     break;
+
                    case 'c':
 # if HAVE_WINT_T && !WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
                      if (type == TYPE_WIDE_CHAR)
                    case 'c':
 # if HAVE_WINT_T && !WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
                      if (type == TYPE_WIDE_CHAR)
@@ -474,55 +3837,139 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
                      abort ();
                    }
 
                      abort ();
                    }
 
+# if ENABLE_UNISTDIO
+                 /* Padding considers the number of characters, therefore the
+                    number of elements after padding may be
+                      > max (tmp_length, width)
+                    but is certainly
+                      <= tmp_length + width.  */
+                 tmp_length = xsum (tmp_length, width);
+# else
+                 /* Padding considers the number of elements, says POSIX.  */
                  if (tmp_length < width)
                    tmp_length = width;
                  if (tmp_length < width)
                    tmp_length = width;
+# endif
 
                  tmp_length = xsum (tmp_length, 1); /* account for trailing NUL */
                }
 
 
                  tmp_length = xsum (tmp_length, 1); /* account for trailing NUL */
                }
 
-               if (tmp_length <= sizeof (tmpbuf) / sizeof (CHAR_T))
+               if (tmp_length <= sizeof (tmpbuf) / sizeof (TCHAR_T))
                  tmp = tmpbuf;
                else
                  {
                  tmp = tmpbuf;
                else
                  {
-                   size_t tmp_memsize = xtimes (tmp_length, sizeof (CHAR_T));
+                   size_t tmp_memsize = xtimes (tmp_length, sizeof (TCHAR_T));
 
                    if (size_overflow_p (tmp_memsize))
                      /* Overflow, would lead to out of memory.  */
                      goto out_of_memory;
 
                    if (size_overflow_p (tmp_memsize))
                      /* Overflow, would lead to out of memory.  */
                      goto out_of_memory;
-                   tmp = (CHAR_T *) malloc (tmp_memsize);
+                   tmp = (TCHAR_T *) malloc (tmp_memsize);
                    if (tmp == NULL)
                      /* Out of memory.  */
                      goto out_of_memory;
                  }
 #endif
 
                    if (tmp == NULL)
                      /* Out of memory.  */
                      goto out_of_memory;
                  }
 #endif
 
+               /* Decide whether to handle the precision ourselves.  */
+#if NEED_PRINTF_UNBOUNDED_PRECISION
+               switch (dp->conversion)
+                 {
+                 case 'd': case 'i': case 'u':
+                 case 'o':
+                 case 'x': case 'X': case 'p':
+                   prec_ourselves = has_precision && (precision > 0);
+                   break;
+                 default:
+                   prec_ourselves = 0;
+                   break;
+                 }
+#endif
+
+               /* Decide whether to perform the padding ourselves.  */
+#if !NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_LEFTADJUST && (!DCHAR_IS_TCHAR || ENABLE_UNISTDIO || NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_ZERO || NEED_PRINTF_UNBOUNDED_PRECISION)
+               switch (dp->conversion)
+                 {
+# if !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR || ENABLE_UNISTDIO
+                 /* If we need conversion from TCHAR_T[] to DCHAR_T[], we need
+                    to perform the padding after this conversion.  Functions
+                    with unistdio extensions perform the padding based on
+                    character count rather than element count.  */
+                 case 'c': case 's':
+# endif
+# if NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_ZERO
+                 case 'f': case 'F': case 'e': case 'E': case 'g': case 'G':
+                 case 'a': case 'A':
+# endif
+                   pad_ourselves = 1;
+                   break;
+                 default:
+                   pad_ourselves = prec_ourselves;
+                   break;
+                 }
+#endif
+
                /* Construct the format string for calling snprintf or
                   sprintf.  */
                /* Construct the format string for calling snprintf or
                   sprintf.  */
-               p = buf;
-               *p++ = '%';
-               if (dp->flags & FLAG_GROUP)
-                 *p++ = '\'';
-               if (dp->flags & FLAG_LEFT)
-                 *p++ = '-';
-               if (dp->flags & FLAG_SHOWSIGN)
-                 *p++ = '+';
-               if (dp->flags & FLAG_SPACE)
-                 *p++ = ' ';
-               if (dp->flags & FLAG_ALT)
-                 *p++ = '#';
-               if (dp->flags & FLAG_ZERO)
-                 *p++ = '0';
-               if (dp->width_start != dp->width_end)
+               fbp = buf;
+               *fbp++ = '%';
+#if NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_GROUPING
+               /* The underlying implementation doesn't support the ' flag.
+                  Produce no grouping characters in this case; this is
+                  acceptable because the grouping is locale dependent.  */
+#else
+               if (flags & FLAG_GROUP)
+                 *fbp++ = '\'';
+#endif
+               if (flags & FLAG_LEFT)
+                 *fbp++ = '-';
+               if (flags & FLAG_SHOWSIGN)
+                 *fbp++ = '+';
+               if (flags & FLAG_SPACE)
+                 *fbp++ = ' ';
+               if (flags & FLAG_ALT)
+                 *fbp++ = '#';
+               if (!pad_ourselves)
                  {
                  {
-                   size_t n = dp->width_end - dp->width_start;
-                   memcpy (p, dp->width_start, n * sizeof (CHAR_T));
-                   p += n;
+                   if (flags & FLAG_ZERO)
+                     *fbp++ = '0';
+                   if (dp->width_start != dp->width_end)
+                     {
+                       size_t n = dp->width_end - dp->width_start;
+                       /* The width specification is known to consist only
+                          of standard ASCII characters.  */
+                       if (sizeof (FCHAR_T) == sizeof (TCHAR_T))
+                         {
+                           memcpy (fbp, dp->width_start, n * sizeof (TCHAR_T));
+                           fbp += n;
+                         }
+                       else
+                         {
+                           const FCHAR_T *mp = dp->width_start;
+                           do
+                             *fbp++ = (unsigned char) *mp++;
+                           while (--n > 0);
+                         }
+                     }
                  }
                  }
-               if (dp->precision_start != dp->precision_end)
+               if (!prec_ourselves)
                  {
                  {
-                   size_t n = dp->precision_end - dp->precision_start;
-                   memcpy (p, dp->precision_start, n * sizeof (CHAR_T));
-                   p += n;
+                   if (dp->precision_start != dp->precision_end)
+                     {
+                       size_t n = dp->precision_end - dp->precision_start;
+                       /* The precision specification is known to consist only
+                          of standard ASCII characters.  */
+                       if (sizeof (FCHAR_T) == sizeof (TCHAR_T))
+                         {
+                           memcpy (fbp, dp->precision_start, n * sizeof (TCHAR_T));
+                           fbp += n;
+                         }
+                       else
+                         {
+                           const FCHAR_T *mp = dp->precision_start;
+                           do
+                             *fbp++ = (unsigned char) *mp++;
+                           while (--n > 0);
+                         }
+                     }
                  }
 
                switch (type)
                  }
 
                switch (type)
@@ -530,8 +3977,15 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 #if HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT
                  case TYPE_LONGLONGINT:
                  case TYPE_ULONGLONGINT:
 #if HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT
                  case TYPE_LONGLONGINT:
                  case TYPE_ULONGLONGINT:
-                   *p++ = 'l';
+# if (defined _WIN32 || defined __WIN32__) && ! defined __CYGWIN__
+                   *fbp++ = 'I';
+                   *fbp++ = '6';
+                   *fbp++ = '4';
+                   break;
+# else
+                   *fbp++ = 'l';
                    /*FALLTHROUGH*/
                    /*FALLTHROUGH*/
+# endif
 #endif
                  case TYPE_LONGINT:
                  case TYPE_ULONGINT:
 #endif
                  case TYPE_LONGINT:
                  case TYPE_ULONGINT:
@@ -541,28 +3995,58 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 #if HAVE_WCHAR_T
                  case TYPE_WIDE_STRING:
 #endif
 #if HAVE_WCHAR_T
                  case TYPE_WIDE_STRING:
 #endif
-                   *p++ = 'l';
+                   *fbp++ = 'l';
                    break;
                    break;
-#if HAVE_LONG_DOUBLE
                  case TYPE_LONGDOUBLE:
                  case TYPE_LONGDOUBLE:
-                   *p++ = 'L';
+                   *fbp++ = 'L';
                    break;
                    break;
-#endif
                  default:
                    break;
                  }
                  default:
                    break;
                  }
-               *p = dp->conversion;
+#if NEED_PRINTF_DIRECTIVE_F
+               if (dp->conversion == 'F')
+                 *fbp = 'f';
+               else
+#endif
+                 *fbp = dp->conversion;
 #if USE_SNPRINTF
 #if USE_SNPRINTF
-               p[1] = '%';
-               p[2] = 'n';
-               p[3] = '\0';
+# if !(__GLIBC__ > 2 || (__GLIBC__ == 2 && __GLIBC_MINOR__ >= 3) || ((defined _WIN32 || defined __WIN32__) && ! defined __CYGWIN__))
+               fbp[1] = '%';
+               fbp[2] = 'n';
+               fbp[3] = '\0';
+# else
+               /* On glibc2 systems from glibc >= 2.3 - probably also older
+                  ones - we know that snprintf's returns value conforms to
+                  ISO C 99: the gl_SNPRINTF_DIRECTIVE_N test passes.
+                  Therefore we can avoid using %n in this situation.
+                  On glibc2 systems from 2004-10-18 or newer, the use of %n
+                  in format strings in writable memory may crash the program
+                  (if compiled with _FORTIFY_SOURCE=2), so we should avoid it
+                  in this situation.  */
+               /* On native Win32 systems (such as mingw), we can avoid using
+                  %n because:
+                    - Although the gl_SNPRINTF_TRUNCATION_C99 test fails,
+                      snprintf does not write more than the specified number
+                      of bytes. (snprintf (buf, 3, "%d %d", 4567, 89) writes
+                      '4', '5', '6' into buf, not '4', '5', '\0'.)
+                    - Although the gl_SNPRINTF_RETVAL_C99 test fails, snprintf
+                      allows us to recognize the case of an insufficient
+                      buffer size: it returns -1 in this case.
+                  On native Win32 systems (such as mingw) where the OS is
+                  Windows Vista, the use of %n in format strings by default
+                  crashes the program. See
+                    <http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2007-06/msg00122.html> and
+                    <http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms175782(VS.80).aspx>
+                  So we should avoid %n in this situation.  */
+               fbp[1] = '\0';
+# endif
 #else
 #else
-               p[1] = '\0';
+               fbp[1] = '\0';
 #endif
 
                /* Construct the arguments for calling snprintf or sprintf.  */
                prefix_count = 0;
 #endif
 
                /* Construct the arguments for calling snprintf or sprintf.  */
                prefix_count = 0;
-               if (dp->width_arg_index != ARG_NONE)
+               if (!pad_ourselves && dp->width_arg_index != ARG_NONE)
                  {
                    if (!(a.arg[dp->width_arg_index].type == TYPE_INT))
                      abort ();
                  {
                    if (!(a.arg[dp->width_arg_index].type == TYPE_INT))
                      abort ();
@@ -576,36 +4060,50 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
                  }
 
 #if USE_SNPRINTF
                  }
 
 #if USE_SNPRINTF
+               /* The SNPRINTF result is appended after result[0..length].
+                  The latter is an array of DCHAR_T; SNPRINTF appends an
+                  array of TCHAR_T to it.  This is possible because
+                  sizeof (TCHAR_T) divides sizeof (DCHAR_T) and
+                  alignof (TCHAR_T) <= alignof (DCHAR_T).  */
+# define TCHARS_PER_DCHAR (sizeof (DCHAR_T) / sizeof (TCHAR_T))
+               /* Ensure that maxlen below will be >= 2.  Needed on BeOS,
+                  where an snprintf() with maxlen==1 acts like sprintf().  */
+               ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length,
+                                        (2 + TCHARS_PER_DCHAR - 1)
+                                        / TCHARS_PER_DCHAR));
                /* Prepare checking whether snprintf returns the count
                   via %n.  */
                /* Prepare checking whether snprintf returns the count
                   via %n.  */
-               ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, 1));
-               result[length] = '\0';
+               *(TCHAR_T *) (result + length) = '\0';
 #endif
 
                for (;;)
                  {
 #endif
 
                for (;;)
                  {
-                   size_t maxlen;
-                   int count;
-                   int retcount;
-
-                   maxlen = allocated - length;
-                   count = -1;
-                   retcount = 0;
+                   int count = -1;
 
 #if USE_SNPRINTF
 
 #if USE_SNPRINTF
+                   int retcount = 0;
+                   size_t maxlen = allocated - length;
+                   /* SNPRINTF can fail if its second argument is
+                      > INT_MAX.  */
+                   if (maxlen > INT_MAX / TCHARS_PER_DCHAR)
+                     maxlen = INT_MAX / TCHARS_PER_DCHAR;
+                   maxlen = maxlen * TCHARS_PER_DCHAR;
 # define SNPRINTF_BUF(arg) \
                    switch (prefix_count)                                   \
                      {                                                     \
                      case 0:                                               \
 # define SNPRINTF_BUF(arg) \
                    switch (prefix_count)                                   \
                      {                                                     \
                      case 0:                                               \
-                       retcount = SNPRINTF (result + length, maxlen, buf,  \
+                       retcount = SNPRINTF ((TCHAR_T *) (result + length), \
+                                            maxlen, buf,                   \
                                             arg, &count);                  \
                        break;                                              \
                      case 1:                                               \
                                             arg, &count);                  \
                        break;                                              \
                      case 1:                                               \
-                       retcount = SNPRINTF (result + length, maxlen, buf,  \
+                       retcount = SNPRINTF ((TCHAR_T *) (result + length), \
+                                            maxlen, buf,                   \
                                             prefixes[0], arg, &count);     \
                        break;                                              \
                      case 2:                                               \
                                             prefixes[0], arg, &count);     \
                        break;                                              \
                      case 2:                                               \
-                       retcount = SNPRINTF (result + length, maxlen, buf,  \
+                       retcount = SNPRINTF ((TCHAR_T *) (result + length), \
+                                            maxlen, buf,                   \
                                             prefixes[0], prefixes[1], arg, \
                                             &count);                       \
                        break;                                              \
                                             prefixes[0], prefixes[1], arg, \
                                             &count);                       \
                        break;                                              \
@@ -701,14 +4199,12 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
                          SNPRINTF_BUF (arg);
                        }
                        break;
                          SNPRINTF_BUF (arg);
                        }
                        break;
-#if HAVE_LONG_DOUBLE
                      case TYPE_LONGDOUBLE:
                        {
                          long double arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_longdouble;
                          SNPRINTF_BUF (arg);
                        }
                        break;
                      case TYPE_LONGDOUBLE:
                        {
                          long double arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_longdouble;
                          SNPRINTF_BUF (arg);
                        }
                        break;
-#endif
                      case TYPE_CHAR:
                        {
                          int arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_char;
                      case TYPE_CHAR:
                        {
                          int arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_char;
@@ -756,7 +4252,8 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
                      {
                        /* Verify that snprintf() has NUL-terminated its
                           result.  */
                      {
                        /* Verify that snprintf() has NUL-terminated its
                           result.  */
-                       if (count < maxlen && result[length + count] != '\0')
+                       if (count < maxlen
+                           && ((TCHAR_T *) (result + length)) [count] != '\0')
                          abort ();
                        /* Portability hack.  */
                        if (retcount > count)
                          abort ();
                        /* Portability hack.  */
                        if (retcount > count)
@@ -766,11 +4263,11 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
                      {
                        /* snprintf() doesn't understand the '%n'
                           directive.  */
                      {
                        /* snprintf() doesn't understand the '%n'
                           directive.  */
-                       if (p[1] != '\0')
+                       if (fbp[1] != '\0')
                          {
                            /* Don't use the '%n' directive; instead, look
                               at the snprintf() return value.  */
                          {
                            /* Don't use the '%n' directive; instead, look
                               at the snprintf() return value.  */
-                           p[1] = '\0';
+                           fbp[1] = '\0';
                            continue;
                          }
                        else
                            continue;
                          }
                        else
@@ -806,37 +4303,339 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
                        return NULL;
                      }
 
                        return NULL;
                      }
 
-#if !USE_SNPRINTF
+#if USE_SNPRINTF
+                   /* Handle overflow of the allocated buffer.
+                      If such an overflow occurs, a C99 compliant snprintf()
+                      returns a count >= maxlen.  However, a non-compliant
+                      snprintf() function returns only count = maxlen - 1.  To
+                      cover both cases, test whether count >= maxlen - 1.  */
+                   if ((unsigned int) count + 1 >= maxlen)
+                     {
+                       /* If maxlen already has attained its allowed maximum,
+                          allocating more memory will not increase maxlen.
+                          Instead of looping, bail out.  */
+                       if (maxlen == INT_MAX / TCHARS_PER_DCHAR)
+                         goto overflow;
+                       else
+                         {
+                           /* Need at least (count + 1) * sizeof (TCHAR_T)
+                              bytes.  (The +1 is for the trailing NUL.)
+                              But ask for (count + 2) * sizeof (TCHAR_T)
+                              bytes, so that in the next round, we likely get
+                                maxlen > (unsigned int) count + 1
+                              and so we don't get here again.
+                              And allocate proportionally, to avoid looping
+                              eternally if snprintf() reports a too small
+                              count.  */
+                           size_t n =
+                             xmax (xsum (length,
+                                         ((unsigned int) count + 2
+                                          + TCHARS_PER_DCHAR - 1)
+                                         / TCHARS_PER_DCHAR),
+                                   xtimes (allocated, 2));
+
+                           ENSURE_ALLOCATION (n);
+                           continue;
+                         }
+                     }
+#endif
+
+#if NEED_PRINTF_UNBOUNDED_PRECISION
+                   if (prec_ourselves)
+                     {
+                       /* Handle the precision.  */
+                       TCHAR_T *prec_ptr =
+# if USE_SNPRINTF
+                         (TCHAR_T *) (result + length);
+# else
+                         tmp;
+# endif
+                       size_t prefix_count;
+                       size_t move;
+
+                       prefix_count = 0;
+                       /* Put the additional zeroes after the sign.  */
+                       if (count >= 1
+                           && (*prec_ptr == '-' || *prec_ptr == '+'
+                               || *prec_ptr == ' '))
+                         prefix_count = 1;
+                       /* Put the additional zeroes after the 0x prefix if
+                          (flags & FLAG_ALT) || (dp->conversion == 'p').  */
+                       else if (count >= 2
+                                && prec_ptr[0] == '0'
+                                && (prec_ptr[1] == 'x' || prec_ptr[1] == 'X'))
+                         prefix_count = 2;
+
+                       move = count - prefix_count;
+                       if (precision > move)
+                         {
+                           /* Insert zeroes.  */
+                           size_t insert = precision - move;
+                           TCHAR_T *prec_end;
+
+# if USE_SNPRINTF
+                           size_t n =
+                             xsum (length,
+                                   (count + insert + TCHARS_PER_DCHAR - 1)
+                                   / TCHARS_PER_DCHAR);
+                           length += (count + TCHARS_PER_DCHAR - 1) / TCHARS_PER_DCHAR;
+                           ENSURE_ALLOCATION (n);
+                           length -= (count + TCHARS_PER_DCHAR - 1) / TCHARS_PER_DCHAR;
+                           prec_ptr = (TCHAR_T *) (result + length);
+# endif
+
+                           prec_end = prec_ptr + count;
+                           prec_ptr += prefix_count;
+
+                           while (prec_end > prec_ptr)
+                             {
+                               prec_end--;
+                               prec_end[insert] = prec_end[0];
+                             }
+
+                           prec_end += insert;
+                           do
+                             *--prec_end = '0';
+                           while (prec_end > prec_ptr);
+
+                           count += insert;
+                         }
+                     }
+#endif
+
+#if !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR
+# if !USE_SNPRINTF
                    if (count >= tmp_length)
                      /* tmp_length was incorrectly calculated - fix the
                         code above!  */
                      abort ();
                    if (count >= tmp_length)
                      /* tmp_length was incorrectly calculated - fix the
                         code above!  */
                      abort ();
+# endif
+
+                   /* Convert from TCHAR_T[] to DCHAR_T[].  */
+                   if (dp->conversion == 'c' || dp->conversion == 's')
+                     {
+                       /* type = TYPE_CHAR or TYPE_WIDE_CHAR or TYPE_STRING
+                          TYPE_WIDE_STRING.
+                          The result string is not certainly ASCII.  */
+                       const TCHAR_T *tmpsrc;
+                       DCHAR_T *tmpdst;
+                       size_t tmpdst_len;
+                       /* This code assumes that TCHAR_T is 'char'.  */
+                       typedef int TCHAR_T_verify
+                                   [2 * (sizeof (TCHAR_T) == 1) - 1];
+# if USE_SNPRINTF
+                       tmpsrc = (TCHAR_T *) (result + length);
+# else
+                       tmpsrc = tmp;
+# endif
+                       tmpdst = NULL;
+                       tmpdst_len = 0;
+                       if (DCHAR_CONV_FROM_ENCODING (locale_charset (),
+                                                     iconveh_question_mark,
+                                                     tmpsrc, count,
+                                                     NULL,
+                                                     &tmpdst, &tmpdst_len)
+                           < 0)
+                         {
+                           int saved_errno = errno;
+                           if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+                             free (result);
+                           if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+                             free (buf_malloced);
+                           CLEANUP ();
+                           errno = saved_errno;
+                           return NULL;
+                         }
+                       ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, tmpdst_len));
+                       DCHAR_CPY (result + length, tmpdst, tmpdst_len);
+                       free (tmpdst);
+                       count = tmpdst_len;
+                     }
+                   else
+                     {
+                       /* The result string is ASCII.
+                          Simple 1:1 conversion.  */
+# if USE_SNPRINTF
+                       /* If sizeof (DCHAR_T) == sizeof (TCHAR_T), it's a
+                          no-op conversion, in-place on the array starting
+                          at (result + length).  */
+                       if (sizeof (DCHAR_T) != sizeof (TCHAR_T))
+# endif
+                         {
+                           const TCHAR_T *tmpsrc;
+                           DCHAR_T *tmpdst;
+                           size_t n;
+
+# if USE_SNPRINTF
+                           if (result == resultbuf)
+                             {
+                               tmpsrc = (TCHAR_T *) (result + length);
+                               /* ENSURE_ALLOCATION will not move tmpsrc
+                                  (because it's part of resultbuf).  */
+                               ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, count));
+                             }
+                           else
+                             {
+                               /* ENSURE_ALLOCATION will move the array
+                                  (because it uses realloc().  */
+                               ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, count));
+                               tmpsrc = (TCHAR_T *) (result + length);
+                             }
+# else
+                           tmpsrc = tmp;
+                           ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, count));
+# endif
+                           tmpdst = result + length;
+                           /* Copy backwards, because of overlapping.  */
+                           tmpsrc += count;
+                           tmpdst += count;
+                           for (n = count; n > 0; n--)
+                             *--tmpdst = (unsigned char) *--tmpsrc;
+                         }
+                     }
 #endif
 
 #endif
 
+#if DCHAR_IS_TCHAR && !USE_SNPRINTF
                    /* Make room for the result.  */
                    /* Make room for the result.  */
-                   if (count >= maxlen)
+                   if (count > allocated - length)
                      {
                      {
-                       /* Need at least count bytes.  But allocate
-                          proportionally, to avoid looping eternally if
-                          snprintf() reports a too small count.  */
+                       /* Need at least count elements.  But allocate
+                          proportionally.  */
                        size_t n =
                          xmax (xsum (length, count), xtimes (allocated, 2));
 
                        ENSURE_ALLOCATION (n);
                        size_t n =
                          xmax (xsum (length, count), xtimes (allocated, 2));
 
                        ENSURE_ALLOCATION (n);
-#if USE_SNPRINTF
-                       continue;
+                     }
 #endif
 #endif
+
+                   /* Here count <= allocated - length.  */
+
+                   /* Perform padding.  */
+#if !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR || ENABLE_UNISTDIO || NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_LEFTADJUST || NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_ZERO || NEED_PRINTF_UNBOUNDED_PRECISION
+                   if (pad_ourselves && has_width)
+                     {
+                       size_t w;
+# if ENABLE_UNISTDIO
+                       /* Outside POSIX, it's preferrable to compare the width
+                          against the number of _characters_ of the converted
+                          value.  */
+                       w = DCHAR_MBSNLEN (result + length, count);
+# else
+                       /* The width is compared against the number of _bytes_
+                          of the converted value, says POSIX.  */
+                       w = count;
+# endif
+                       if (w < width)
+                         {
+                           size_t pad = width - w;
+# if USE_SNPRINTF
+                           /* Make room for the result.  */
+                           if (xsum (count, pad) > allocated - length)
+                             {
+                               /* Need at least count + pad elements.  But
+                                  allocate proportionally.  */
+                               size_t n =
+                                 xmax (xsum3 (length, count, pad),
+                                       xtimes (allocated, 2));
+
+                               length += count;
+                               ENSURE_ALLOCATION (n);
+                               length -= count;
+                             }
+                           /* Here count + pad <= allocated - length.  */
+# endif
+                           {
+# if !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR || USE_SNPRINTF
+                             DCHAR_T * const rp = result + length;
+# else
+                             DCHAR_T * const rp = tmp;
+# endif
+                             DCHAR_T *p = rp + count;
+                             DCHAR_T *end = p + pad;
+                             DCHAR_T *pad_ptr;
+# if !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR
+                             if (dp->conversion == 'c'
+                                 || dp->conversion == 's')
+                               /* No zero-padding for string directives.  */
+                               pad_ptr = NULL;
+                             else
+# endif
+                               {
+                                 pad_ptr = (*rp == '-' ? rp + 1 : rp);
+                                 /* No zero-padding of "inf" and "nan".  */
+                                 if ((*pad_ptr >= 'A' && *pad_ptr <= 'Z')
+                                     || (*pad_ptr >= 'a' && *pad_ptr <= 'z'))
+                                   pad_ptr = NULL;
+                               }
+                             /* The generated string now extends from rp to p,
+                                with the zero padding insertion point being at
+                                pad_ptr.  */
+
+                             count = count + pad; /* = end - rp */
+
+                             if (flags & FLAG_LEFT)
+                               {
+                                 /* Pad with spaces on the right.  */
+                                 for (; pad > 0; pad--)
+                                   *p++ = ' ';
+                               }
+                             else if ((flags & FLAG_ZERO) && pad_ptr != NULL)
+                               {
+                                 /* Pad with zeroes.  */
+                                 DCHAR_T *q = end;
+
+                                 while (p > pad_ptr)
+                                   *--q = *--p;
+                                 for (; pad > 0; pad--)
+                                   *p++ = '0';
+                               }
+                             else
+                               {
+                                 /* Pad with spaces on the left.  */
+                                 DCHAR_T *q = end;
+
+                                 while (p > rp)
+                                   *--q = *--p;
+                                 for (; pad > 0; pad--)
+                                   *p++ = ' ';
+                               }
+                           }
+                         }
                      }
                      }
+#endif
 
 
-#if USE_SNPRINTF
+#if DCHAR_IS_TCHAR && !USE_SNPRINTF
+                   if (count >= tmp_length)
+                     /* tmp_length was incorrectly calculated - fix the
+                        code above!  */
+                     abort ();
+#endif
+
+                   /* Here still count <= allocated - length.  */
+
+#if !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR || USE_SNPRINTF
                    /* The snprintf() result did fit.  */
 #else
                    /* Append the sprintf() result.  */
                    /* The snprintf() result did fit.  */
 #else
                    /* Append the sprintf() result.  */
-                   memcpy (result + length, tmp, count * sizeof (CHAR_T));
+                   memcpy (result + length, tmp, count * sizeof (DCHAR_T));
+#endif
+#if !USE_SNPRINTF
                    if (tmp != tmpbuf)
                      free (tmp);
 #endif
 
                    if (tmp != tmpbuf)
                      free (tmp);
 #endif
 
+#if NEED_PRINTF_DIRECTIVE_F
+                   if (dp->conversion == 'F')
+                     {
+                       /* Convert the %f result to upper case for %F.  */
+                       DCHAR_T *rp = result + length;
+                       size_t rc;
+                       for (rc = count; rc > 0; rc--, rp++)
+                         if (*rp >= 'a' && *rp <= 'z')
+                           *rp = *rp - 'a' + 'A';
+                     }
+#endif
+
                    length += count;
                    break;
                  }
                    length += count;
                    break;
                  }
@@ -851,9 +4650,9 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
     if (result != resultbuf && length + 1 < allocated)
       {
        /* Shrink the allocated memory if possible.  */
     if (result != resultbuf && length + 1 < allocated)
       {
        /* Shrink the allocated memory if possible.  */
-       CHAR_T *memory;
+       DCHAR_T *memory;
 
 
-       memory = (CHAR_T *) realloc (result, (length + 1) * sizeof (CHAR_T));
+       memory = (DCHAR_T *) realloc (result, (length + 1) * sizeof (DCHAR_T));
        if (memory != NULL)
          result = memory;
       }
        if (memory != NULL)
          result = memory;
       }
@@ -868,6 +4667,17 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
        not have this limitation.  */
     return result;
 
        not have this limitation.  */
     return result;
 
+#if USE_SNPRINTF
+  overflow:
+    if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+      free (result);
+    if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+      free (buf_malloced);
+    CLEANUP ();
+    errno = EOVERFLOW;
+    return NULL;
+#endif
+
   out_of_memory:
     if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
       free (result);
   out_of_memory:
     if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
       free (result);
@@ -880,10 +4690,15 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
   }
 }
 
   }
 }
 
+#undef TCHARS_PER_DCHAR
 #undef SNPRINTF
 #undef USE_SNPRINTF
 #undef SNPRINTF
 #undef USE_SNPRINTF
+#undef DCHAR_CPY
 #undef PRINTF_PARSE
 #undef DIRECTIVES
 #undef DIRECTIVE
 #undef PRINTF_PARSE
 #undef DIRECTIVES
 #undef DIRECTIVE
-#undef CHAR_T
+#undef DCHAR_IS_TCHAR
+#undef TCHAR_T
+#undef DCHAR_T
+#undef FCHAR_T
 #undef VASNPRINTF
 #undef VASNPRINTF