+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+Toggle Sdcdbsrc mode
+\newline
+;;\SpecialChar ~
+ESC\SpecialChar ~
+m\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+sdcdbsrc-srcmode\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+Toggle list mode
+\newline
+;;
+\newline
+
+\layout Chapter
+\pagebreak_top
+TIPS
+\layout Standard
+
+Here are a few guidelines that will help the compiler generate more efficient
+ code, some of the tips are specific to this compiler others are generally
+ good programming practice.
+\layout Itemize
+
+Use the smallest data type to represent your data-value.
+ If it is known in advance that the value is going to be less than 256 then
+ use an 'unsigned char' instead of a 'short' or 'int'.
+ Please note, that ANSI C requires both signed and unsigned chars to be
+ promoted to 'signed int' before doing any operation.
+ This promotion can be omitted, if the result is the same.
+ The effect of the promotion rules together with the sign-extension is often
+ surprising:
+\begin_deeper
+\layout Verse
+
+
+\family typewriter
+unsigned char uc = 0xfe;
+\newline
+if (uc * uc < 0) /* this is true! */
+\newline
+{
+\newline
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+....
+\newline
+}
+\layout Standard
+
+
+\family typewriter
+uc * uc
+\family default
+ is evaluated as
+\family typewriter
+(int) uc * (int) uc = (int) 0xfe * (int) 0xfe = (int) 0xfc04 = -1024
+\family default
+.
+
+\newline
+Another one:
+\layout Verse
+
+
+\family typewriter
+(unsigned char) -12 / (signed char) -3 = ...
+\layout Standard
+
+No, the result is not 4:
+\layout Verse
+
+
+\family typewriter
+(int) (unsigned char) -12 / (int) (signed char) -3 =
+\newline
+(int) (unsigned char) 0xf4 / (int) (signed char) 0xfd =
+\newline
+(int) 0x00f4 / (int) 0xfffd =
+\newline
+(int) 0x00f4 / (int) 0xfffd =
+\newline
+(int) 244 / (int) -3 =
+\newline
+(int) -81 = (int) 0xffaf;
+\layout Standard
+
+Don't complain, that gcc gives you a different result.
+ gcc uses 32 bit ints, while SDCC uses 16 bit ints.
+ Therefore the results are different.
+\newline
+From
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+comp.lang.c FAQ
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\layout Quote
+
+If well-defined overflow characteristics are important and negative values
+ are not, or if you want to steer clear of sign-extension problems when
+ manipulating bits or bytes, use one of the corresponding unsigned types.
+ (Beware when mixing signed and unsigned values in expressions, though.)
+\newline
+Although character types (especially unsigned char) can be used as "tiny"
+ integers, doing so is sometimes more trouble than it's worth, due to unpredicta
+ble sign extension and increased code size.
+\end_deeper
+\layout Itemize
+
+Use unsigned when it is known in advance that the value is not going to
+ be negative.
+ This helps especially if you are doing division or multiplication, bit-shifting
+ or are using an array index.
+\layout Itemize
+
+NEVER jump into a LOOP.
+\layout Itemize
+
+Declare the variables to be local
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{local variables}
+
+\end_inset
+
+ whenever possible, especially loop control variables (induction).
+\layout Itemize
+
+Since the compiler does not always do implicit integral promotion, the programme
+r should do an explicit cast when integral promotion is required.
+\layout Itemize
+
+Reducing the size of division, multiplication & modulus operations can reduce
+ code size substantially.
+ Take the following code for example.
+\begin_deeper
+\layout Verse
+
+
+\family typewriter
+foobar(unsigned int p1, unsigned char ch)
+\newline
+{
+\newline
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+unsigned char ch1 = p1 % ch ;
+\newline
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+....
+\newline
+}
+\layout Standard
+
+For the modulus operation the variable ch will be promoted to unsigned int
+ first then the modulus operation will be performed (this will lead to a
+ call to support routine _moduint()), and the result will be casted to a
+ char.
+ If the code is changed to
+\layout Verse
+
+
+\family typewriter
+foobar(unsigned int p1, unsigned char ch)
+\newline
+{
+\newline
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+unsigned char ch1 = (unsigned char)p1 % ch ;
+\newline
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+\SpecialChar ~
+....
+\newline
+}
+\layout Standard
+
+It would substantially reduce the code generated (future versions of the
+ compiler will be smart enough to detect such optimization opportunities).
+\end_deeper
+\layout Itemize
+
+Have a look at the assembly listing to get a
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+feeling
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ for the code generation.
+\layout Section
+
+Tools
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Tools}
+
+\end_inset
+
+ included in the distribution
+\layout Standard
+\align center
+
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="12" columns="3">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
+<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Name
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Purpose
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Directory
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+uCsim
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Simulator for various architectures
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+sdcc/sim/ucsim
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+keil2sdcc.pl
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+header file conversion
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+sdcc/support/scripts
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+mh2h.c
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+header file conversion
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+sdcc/support/scripts
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+as-gbz80
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Assembler
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+sdcc/bin
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+as-z80
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Assembler
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+sdcc/bin
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+asx8051
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Assembler
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+sdcc/bin
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+sdcdb
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Simulator
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+sdcc/bin
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+aslink
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Linker
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+sdcc/bin
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+link-z80
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Linker
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+sdcc/bin
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+link-gbz80
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Linker
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+sdcc/bin
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+packihx
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+ihx packer
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+sdcc/bin
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\newline
+
+\layout Section
+
+Documentation
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Documentation}
+
+\end_inset
+
+ included in the distribution
+\layout Standard
+\align center
+
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
+<features>
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
+<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Subject / Title
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Where to get / filename
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+SDCC Compiler User Guide
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+You're reading it right now
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Changelog of SDCC
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+sdcc/Changelog
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+ASXXXX Assemblers and ASLINK Relocating Linker
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+sdcc/as/doc/asxhtm.html
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+SDCC regression test
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Regression test}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+sdcc/doc/test_suite_spec.pdf
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Various notes
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+sdcc/doc/*
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Notes on debugging with sdcdb
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{sdcdb (debugger)}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+sdcc/debugger/README
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Software simulator for microcontrollers
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+sdcc/sim/ucsim/doc
+\family default
+\series default
+\shape default
+\size default
+\emph default
+\bar default
+\noun default
+\color default
+/index.html
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Temporary notes on the pic16
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{PIC16}
+
+\end_inset
+
+ port
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+sdcc/src/pic16/NOTES
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+SDCC internal documentation (debugging file format)
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+sdcc/doc/
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+cdbfileformat.pd
+\family default
+\series default
+\shape default
+\size default
+\emph default
+\bar default
+\noun default
+\color default
+f
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\newline
+
+\layout Section
+
+Related open source tools
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Related tools}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\layout Standard
+\align center
+
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="3">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="30line%">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
+<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Name
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Purpose
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Where to get
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+gpsim
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{gpsim (pic simulator)}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+PIC simulator
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.dattalo.com/gnupic/gpsim.html}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+gputils
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{gputils (pic tools)}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+GNU PIC utilities
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://gputils.sourceforge.net/}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+flP5
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+PIC programmer
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://digilander.libero.it/fbradasc/FLP5.html}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+indent
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{indent (source formatting tool)}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Formats C source - Master of the white spaces
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://home.hccnet.nl/d.ingamells/beautify.html}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+srecord
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{srecord (tool)}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Object file conversion, checksumming, ...
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://srecord.sourceforge.net/}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+objdump
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{objdump (tool)}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Object file conversion, ...
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Part of binutils (should be there anyway)
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+doxygen
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{doxygen (source documentation tool)}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Source code documentation system
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.doxygen.org}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+kdevelop
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+IDE (has anyone tried integrating SDCC & sdcdb? Unix only)
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.kdevelop.org}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+splint
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{splint (syntax checking tool)}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Statically checks c sources (has anyone adapted splint for SDCC?)
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.splint.org}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+ddd
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{ddd (debugger)}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Debugger, serves nicely as GUI to sdcdb
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{sdcdb (debugger)}
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (Unix only)
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/ddd/}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\newline
+
+\layout Section
+
+Related documentation / recommended reading
+\layout Standard
+\align center
+
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="3">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="30line%">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
+<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Name
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Subject / Title
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Where to get
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+c-refcard.pdf
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+C Reference Card
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{C Reference card}
+
+\end_inset
+
+, 2 pages
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.refcards.com/about/c.html}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+c-faq
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+C-FAQ-list
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/C-faq/top.html}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Latest datasheet of the target CPU
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+vendor
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Revision history of datasheet
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+vendor
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+S.
+ S.
+ Muchnick
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Advanced Compiler Design and Implementation
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\layout Standard
+
+bookstore (very dedicated, probably read other books first)
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\newline
+
+\layout Section
+
+Some Questions
+\layout Standard
+
+Some questions answered, some pointers given - it might be time to in turn
+ ask
+\emph on
+you
+\emph default
+ some questions:
+\layout Itemize
+
+can you solve your project with the selected microcontroller? Would you
+ find out early or rather late that your target is too small/slow/whatever?
+ Can you switch to a slightly better device if it doesn't fit?
+\layout Itemize
+
+should you solve the problem with an 8 bit CPU? Or would a 16/32 bit CPU
+ and/or another programming language be more adequate? Would an operating
+ system on the target device help?
+\layout Itemize
+
+if you solved the problem, will the marketing department be happy?
+\layout Itemize
+
+if the marketing department is happy, will customers be happy?
+\layout Itemize
+
+if you're the project manager, marketing department and maybe even the customer
+ in one person, have you tried to see the project from the outside?
+\layout Itemize
+
+is the project done if you think it is done? Or is just that other interface/pro
+tocol/feature/configuration/option missing? How about website, manual(s),
+ internationali(z|s)ation, packaging, labels, 2nd source for components,
+ electromagnetic compatability/interference, documentation for production,
+ production test software, update mechanism, patent issues?
+\layout Itemize
+
+is your project adequately positioned in that magic triangle: fame, fortune,
+ fun?
+\layout Standard
+
+Maybe not all answers to these questions are known and some answers may
+ even be
+\emph on
+no
+\emph default
+, nevertheless knowing these questions may help you to avoid burnout
+\begin_inset Foot
+collapsed false
+
+\layout Standard
+
+burnout is bad for electronic devices, programmers and motorcycle tyres
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Chances are you didn't want to hear some of them...
+\layout Chapter
+
+Support
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Support}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\layout Standard
+
+SDCC has grown to be a large project.
+ The compiler alone (without the preprocessor, assembler and linker) is
+ well over 100,000 lines of code (blank stripped).
+ The open source nature of this project is a key to its continued growth
+ and support.
+ You gain the benefit and support of many active software developers and
+ end users.
+ Is SDCC perfect? No, that's why we need your help.
+ The developers take pride in fixing reported bugs.
+ You can help by reporting the bugs and helping other SDCC users.
+ There are lots of ways to contribute, and we encourage you to take part
+ in making SDCC a great software package.
+
+\layout Standard
+
+The SDCC project is hosted on the SDCC sourceforge site at
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://sourceforge.net/projects/sdcc}
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ You'll find the complete set of mailing lists
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Mailing list(s)}
+
+\end_inset
+
+, forums, bug reporting system, patch submission
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Patch submission}
+
+\end_inset
+
+ system, download
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{download}
+
+\end_inset
+
+ area and cvs code repository
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{cvs code repository}
+
+\end_inset
+
+ there.
+\layout Section
+
+Reporting Bugs
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Bug reporting}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Reporting bugs}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\layout Standard
+
+The recommended way of reporting bugs is using the infrastructure of the
+ sourceforge site.
+ You can follow the status of bug reports there and have an overview about
+ the known bugs.
+\layout Standard
+
+Bug reports are automatically forwarded to the developer mailing list and
+ will be fixed ASAP.
+ When reporting a bug, it is very useful to include a small test program
+ (the smaller the better) which reproduces the problem.
+ If you can isolate the problem by looking at the generated assembly code,
+ this can be very helpful.
+ Compiling your program with the -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status Collapsed
+
+\layout Standard
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_inset
+
+-dumpall
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{-\/-dumpall}
+
+\end_inset
+
+ option can sometimes be useful in locating optimization problems.
+ When reporting a bug please maker sure you:
+\layout Enumerate
+
+Attach the code you are compiling with SDCC.
+
+\layout Enumerate
+
+Specify the exact command you use to run SDCC, or attach your Makefile.
+
+\layout Enumerate
+
+Specify the SDCC version (type "
+\family sans
+\series bold
+sdcc -v
+\family default
+\series default
+"), your platform, and operating system.
+
+\layout Enumerate
+
+Provide an exact copy of any error message or incorrect output.
+
+\layout Enumerate
+
+Put something meaningful in the subject of your message.
+\layout Standard
+
+Please attempt to include these 5 important parts, as applicable, in all
+ requests for support or when reporting any problems or bugs with SDCC.
+ Though this will make your message lengthy, it will greatly improve your
+ chance that SDCC users and developers will be able to help you.
+ Some SDCC developers are frustrated by bug reports without code provided
+ that they can use to reproduce and ultimately fix the problem, so please
+ be sure to provide sample code if you are reporting a bug!
+\layout Standard
+
+Please have a short check that you are using a recent version of SDCC and
+ the bug is not yet known.
+ This is the link for reporting bugs:
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=599&atid=100599}
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\layout Section
+
+Requesting Features
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:Requesting-Features}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Feature request}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Requesting features}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Like bug reports feature requests are forwarded to the developer mailing
+ list.
+ This is the link for requesting features:
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=599&atid=350599}
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\layout Section
+
+Submitting patches
+\layout Standard
+
+Like bug reports contributed patches are forwarded to the developer mailing
+ list.
+ This is the link for submitting patches
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Patch submission}
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=599&atid=300599}
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\layout Standard
+
+You need to specify some parameters to the
+\family typewriter
+diff
+\family default
+ command for the patches to be useful.
+ If you modified more than one file a patch created f.e.
+ with
+\family sans
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+diff -Naur unmodified_directory modified_directory >my_changes.patch
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+\series default
+ will be fine, otherwise
+\family sans
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+diff -u sourcefile.c.orig sourcefile.c >my_changes.patch
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+
+\family default
+will do.
+\layout Section
+
+Getting Help
+\layout Standard
+
+These links should take you directly to the
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[Mailing lists]{http://sourceforge.net/mail/?group_id=599}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Foot
+collapsed false
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Traffic on sdcc-devel and sdcc-user is about 100 mails/month each not counting
+ automated messages (mid 2003)
+\end_inset
+
+ and the
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[Forums]{http://sourceforge.net/forum/?group_id=599}
+
+\end_inset
+
+, lists
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Mailing list(s)}
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and forums are archived and searchable so if you are lucky someone already
+ had a similar problem.
+ While mails to the lists themselves are delivered promptly their web front
+ end on sourceforge sometimes shows a severe time lag (up to several weeks),
+ if you're seriously using SDCC please consider subscribing to the lists.
+\layout Section
+
+ChangeLog
+\layout Standard
+
+You can follow the status of the cvs version
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{version}
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of SDCC by watching the Changelog
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Changelog}
+
+\end_inset
+
+ in the cvs-repository
+\newline
+
+\size footnotesize
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://cvs.sourceforge.net/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/*checkout*/sdcc/sdcc/ChangeLog?rev=HEAD&content-type=text/plain}
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\layout Section
+
+Release policy
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Release policy}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\layout Standard
+
+Historically there often were long delays between official releases and
+ the sourceforge download area tends to get not updated at all.
+ Excuses in the past might have referred to problems with live range analysis,
+ but as this was fixed a while ago, the current problem is that another
+ excuse has to be found.
+ Kidding aside, we have to get better there! On the other hand there are
+ daily snapshots available at
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl[snap]{http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/snap.php}
+
+\end_inset
+
+, and you can always build the very last version (hopefully with many bugs
+ fixed, and features added) from the source code available at
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl[Source]{http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/snap.php#Source}
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\layout Section
+
+Examples
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Examples}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\layout Standard
+
+You'll find some small examples in the directory
+\emph on
+sdcc/device/examples/.
+
+\emph default
+More examples and libraries are available at
+\emph on
+ The SDCC Open Knowledge Resource
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.qsl.net/dl9sec/SDCC_OKR.html}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+web site or at
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.pjrc.com/tech/8051/}
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\layout Comment
+
+I did insert a reference to Paul's web site here although it seems rather
+ dedicated to a specific 8032 board (I think it's okay because it f.e.
+ shows LCD/Harddisc interface and has a free 8051 monitor.
+ Independent 8032 board vendors face hard competition of heavily subsidized
+ development boards anyway).
+\layout Comment
+
+Maybe we should include some links to real world applications.
+ Preferably pointer to pointers (one for each architecture) so this stays
+ manageable here?
+\layout Section
+
+Quality control
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Quality control}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\layout Standard
+
+The compiler is passed through nightly compile and build checks.
+ The so called
+\shape italic
+regression tests
+\shape default
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Regression test}
+
+\end_inset
+
+ check that SDCC itself compiles flawlessly on several platforms and checks
+ the quality of the code generated by SDCC by running the code through simulator
+s.
+ There is a separate document
+\shape italic
+test_suite.pdf
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Test suite}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\shape default
+ about this.
+\layout Standard
+
+You'll find the test code in the directory
+\shape italic
+sdcc/support/regression
+\shape default
+.
+ You can run these tests manually by running
+\family sans
+make
+\family default
+ in this directory (or f.e.
+
+\family sans
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+make test-mcs51
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+\series default
+ if you don't want to run the complete tests).
+ The test code might also be interesting if you want to look for examples
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Examples}
+
+\end_inset
+
+ checking corner cases of SDCC or if you plan to submit patches
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Patch submission}
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\layout Standard
+
+The pic port uses a different set of regression tests, you'll find them
+ in the directory
+\shape italic
+sdcc/src/regression
+\shape default
+.
+\layout Chapter
+\pagebreak_top
+SDCC Technical Data
+\layout Section
+
+Optimizations
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Optimizations}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\layout Standard
+
+SDCC performs a host of standard optimizations in addition to some MCU specific
+ optimizations.
+
+\layout Subsection
+
+Sub-expression Elimination
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Subexpression elimination}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\layout Standard
+
+The compiler does local and
+\emph on
+g
+\emph default
+lobal
+\emph on
+c
+\emph default
+ommon
+\emph on
+s
+\emph default
+ubexpression
+\emph on
+e
+\emph default
+limination, e.g.:
+\layout Verse
+
+
+\family typewriter
+i = x + y + 1;