The Java Speech API defines a software interface that allows developers to take advantage of speech technology for personal and enterprise computing. By leveraging the inherent strengths of the Java platform, the Java Speech API brings unparalleled portability to developers of speech-enabled applications.

The Java Speech API supports both speech recognition and speech synthesis. Speech recognition software enables computers to "listen" to incoming speech from a user and determine what is said. Speech synthesis, also known as "text to speech", provides the reverse process of generating speech from text.

Developers who use speech technology through the Java Speech API can enhance existing user interfaces and can create new means of human/computer interaction. Application areas include telephony systems, dictation and proof-reading, hands-free environments such as surgery or airline/vehicle maintenance, accessibility for people with disabilities, and enhanced internet browsing.