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   1 /***************************************************************************
   2  *   Copyright (C) 2008 by Spencer Oliver                                  *
   3  *   spen@spen-soft.co.uk                                                  *
   4  *                                                                         *
   5  *   Copyright (C) 2008 by David T.L. Wong                                 *
   6  *                                                                         *
   7  *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify  *
   8  *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by  *
   9  *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or     *
  10  *   (at your option) any later version.                                   *
  11  *                                                                         *
  12  *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,       *
  13  *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of        *
  14  *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the         *
  15  *   GNU General Public License for more details.                          *
  16  *                                                                         *
  17  *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License     *
  18  *   along with this program; if not, write to the                         *
  19  *   Free Software Foundation, Inc.,                                       *
  20  *   59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.             *
  21  ***************************************************************************/
  22 #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
  23 #include "config.h"
  24 #endif
  25
  26 #include "mips32.h"
  27 #include "mips_m4k.h"
  28 #include "jtag.h"
  29 #include "log.h"
  30
  31 #include <stdlib.h>
  32 #include <string.h>
  33
  34 /* cli handling */
  35
  36 /* forward declarations */
  37 int mips_m4k_poll(target_t *target);
  38 int mips_m4k_halt(struct target_s *target);
  39 int mips_m4k_soft_reset_halt(struct target_s *target);
  40 int mips_m4k_resume(struct target_s *target, int current, u32 address, int handle_breakpoints, int debug_execution);
  41 int mips_m4k_step(struct target_s *target, int current, u32 address, int handle_breakpoints);
  42 int mips_m4k_read_memory(struct target_s *target, u32 address, u32 size, u32 count, u8 *buffer);
  43 int mips_m4k_write_memory(struct target_s *target, u32 address, u32 size, u32 count, u8 *buffer);
  44 int mips_m4k_register_commands(struct command_context_s *cmd_ctx);
  45 int mips_m4k_init_target(struct command_context_s *cmd_ctx, struct target_s *target);
  46 int mips_m4k_quit();
  47 int mips_m4k_target_command(struct command_context_s *cmd_ctx, char *cmd, char **args, int argc, struct target_s *target);
  48
  49 int mips_m4k_examine(struct target_s *target);
  50 int mips_m4k_assert_reset(target_t *target);
  51 int mips_m4k_deassert_reset(target_t *target);
  52
  53 target_type_t mips_m4k_target =
  54 {
  55         .name = "mips_m4k",
  56
  57         .poll = mips_m4k_poll,
  58         .arch_state = mips32_arch_state,
  59
  60         .target_request_data = NULL,
  61
  62         .halt = mips_m4k_halt,
  63         .resume = mips_m4k_resume,
  64         .step = mips_m4k_step,
  65
  66         .assert_reset = mips_m4k_assert_reset,
  67         .deassert_reset = mips_m4k_deassert_reset,
  68         .soft_reset_halt = mips_m4k_soft_reset_halt,
  69
  70         .get_gdb_reg_list = mips32_get_gdb_reg_list,
  71
  72         .read_memory = mips_m4k_read_memory,
  73         .write_memory = mips_m4k_write_memory,
  74         .bulk_write_memory = mips_m4k_bulk_write_memory,
  75         .checksum_memory = NULL,
  76         .blank_check_memory = NULL,
  77
  78         .run_algorithm = mips32_run_algorithm,
  79
  80         .add_breakpoint = mips_m4k_add_breakpoint,
  81         .remove_breakpoint = mips_m4k_remove_breakpoint,
  82         .add_watchpoint = mips_m4k_add_watchpoint,
  83         .remove_watchpoint = mips_m4k_remove_watchpoint,
  84
  85         .register_commands = mips_m4k_register_commands,
  86         .target_command = mips_m4k_target_command,
  87         .init_target = mips_m4k_init_target,
  88         .examine = mips_m4k_examine,
  89         .quit = mips_m4k_quit
  90 };
  91
  92 int mips_m4k_debug_entry(target_t *target)
  93 {
  94         u32 debug_reg;
  95         mips32_common_t *mips32 = target->arch_info;
  96         mips_ejtag_t *ejtag_info = &mips32->ejtag_info;
  97
  98         /* read debug register */
  99         mips_ejtag_read_debug(ejtag_info, &debug_reg);
 100
 101         if ((target->debug_reason != DBG_REASON_DBGRQ)
 102                 && (target->debug_reason != DBG_REASON_SINGLESTEP))
 103         {
 104 //              if (cortex_m3->nvic_dfsr & DFSR_BKPT)
 105 //              {
 106 //                      target->debug_reason = DBG_REASON_BREAKPOINT;
 107 //                      if (cortex_m3->nvic_dfsr & DFSR_DWTTRAP)
 108 //                              target->debug_reason = DBG_REASON_WPTANDBKPT;
 109 //              }
 110 //              else if (cortex_m3->nvic_dfsr & DFSR_DWTTRAP)
 111 //                      target->debug_reason = DBG_REASON_WATCHPOINT;
 112         }
 113
 114         if (debug_reg & EJTAG_DEBUG_DSS)
 115         {
 116                 /* stopped due to single step - clear step bit */
 117                 mips_ejtag_config_step(ejtag_info, 0);
 118         }
 119
 120         mips32_save_context(target);
 121
 122         LOG_DEBUG("entered debug state at PC 0x%x, target->state: %s", \
 123                 *(u32*)(mips32->core_cache->reg_list[MIPS32_PC].value), target_state_strings[target->state]);
 124
 125         return ERROR_OK;
 126 }
 127
 128 int mips_m4k_poll(target_t *target)
 129 {
 130         int retval;
 131         mips32_common_t *mips32 = target->arch_info;
 132         mips_ejtag_t *ejtag_info = &mips32->ejtag_info;
 133
 134         /* read ejtag control reg */
 135         jtag_add_end_state(TAP_RTI);
 136         mips_ejtag_set_instr(ejtag_info, EJTAG_INST_CONTROL, NULL);
 137         mips_ejtag_drscan_32(ejtag_info, &ejtag_info->ejtag_ctrl);
 138
 139         if (ejtag_info->ejtag_ctrl & EJTAG_CTRL_BRKST)
 140         {
 141                 if ((target->state == TARGET_RUNNING) || (target->state == TARGET_RESET))
 142                 {
 143                         jtag_add_end_state(TAP_RTI);
 144                         mips_ejtag_set_instr(ejtag_info, EJTAG_INST_NORMALBOOT, NULL);
 145
 146                         target->state = TARGET_HALTED;
 147
 148                         if ((retval = mips_m4k_debug_entry(target)) != ERROR_OK)
 149                                 return retval;
 150
 151                         target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_HALTED);
 152                 }
 153                 else if (target->state == TARGET_DEBUG_RUNNING)
 154                 {
 155                         target->state = TARGET_HALTED;
 156
 157                         if ((retval = mips_m4k_debug_entry(target)) != ERROR_OK)
 158                                 return retval;
 159
 160                         target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_DEBUG_HALTED);
 161                 }
 162         }
 163         else
 164         {
 165                 target->state = TARGET_RUNNING;
 166         }
 167
 168         if (ejtag_info->ejtag_ctrl & EJTAG_CTRL_ROCC)
 169         {
 170                 /* we have detected a reset, clear flag
 171                  * otherwise ejtag will not work */
 172                 jtag_add_end_state(TAP_RTI);
 173                 ejtag_info->ejtag_ctrl &= ~EJTAG_CTRL_ROCC;
 174
 175                 mips_ejtag_set_instr(ejtag_info, EJTAG_INST_CONTROL, NULL);
 176                 mips_ejtag_drscan_32(ejtag_info, &ejtag_info->ejtag_ctrl);
 177                 LOG_DEBUG("Reset Detected");
 178         }
 179
 180 //      LOG_DEBUG("ctrl=0x%08X", ejtag_info->ejtag_ctrl);
 181
 182         return ERROR_OK;
 183 }
 184
 185 int mips_m4k_halt(struct target_s *target)
 186 {
 187         mips32_common_t *mips32 = target->arch_info;
 188         mips_ejtag_t *ejtag_info = &mips32->ejtag_info;
 189
 190         LOG_DEBUG("target->state: %s", target_state_strings[target->state]);
 191
 192         if (target->state == TARGET_HALTED)
 193         {
 194                 LOG_DEBUG("target was already halted");
 195                 return ERROR_OK;
 196         }
 197
 198         if (target->state == TARGET_UNKNOWN)
 199         {
 200                 LOG_WARNING("target was in unknown state when halt was requested");
 201         }
 202
 203         if (target->state == TARGET_RESET)
 204         {
 205                 if ((jtag_reset_config & RESET_SRST_PULLS_TRST) && jtag_srst)
 206                 {
 207                         LOG_ERROR("can't request a halt while in reset if nSRST pulls nTRST");
 208                         return ERROR_TARGET_FAILURE;
 209                 }
 210                 else
 211                 {
 212                         /* we came here in a reset_halt or reset_init sequence
 213                          * debug entry was already prepared in mips32_prepare_reset_halt()
 214                          */
 215                         target->debug_reason = DBG_REASON_DBGRQ;
 216
 217                         return ERROR_OK;
 218                 }
 219         }
 220
 221         /* break processor */
 222         mips_ejtag_enter_debug(ejtag_info);
 223
 224         target->debug_reason = DBG_REASON_DBGRQ;
 225
 226         return ERROR_OK;
 227 }
 228
 229 int mips_m4k_assert_reset(target_t *target)
 230 {
 231         mips32_common_t *mips32 = target->arch_info;
 232         mips_ejtag_t *ejtag_info = &mips32->ejtag_info;
 233
 234         LOG_DEBUG("target->state: %s", target_state_strings[target->state]);
 235
 236         if (!(jtag_reset_config & RESET_HAS_SRST))
 237         {
 238                 LOG_ERROR("Can't assert SRST");
 239                 return ERROR_FAIL;
 240         }
 241
 242         if (target->reset_halt)
 243         {
 244                 /* use hardware to catch reset */
 245                 jtag_add_end_state(TAP_RTI);
 246                 mips_ejtag_set_instr(ejtag_info, EJTAG_INST_EJTAGBOOT, NULL);
 247         }
 248         else
 249         {
 250                 jtag_add_end_state(TAP_RTI);
 251                 mips_ejtag_set_instr(ejtag_info, EJTAG_INST_NORMALBOOT, NULL);
 252         }
 253
 254         /* here we should issue a srst only, but we may have to assert trst as well */
 255         if (jtag_reset_config & RESET_SRST_PULLS_TRST)
 256         {
 257                 jtag_add_reset(1, 1);
 258         }
 259         else
 260         {
 261                 jtag_add_reset(0, 1);
 262         }
 263
 264         target->state = TARGET_RESET;
 265         jtag_add_sleep(50000);
 266
 267         mips32_invalidate_core_regs(target);
 268
 269     if (target->reset_halt)
 270     {
 271         int retval;
 272                 if ((retval = target_halt(target))!=ERROR_OK)
 273                         return retval;
 274     }
 275
 276
 277         return ERROR_OK;
 278 }
 279
 280 int mips_m4k_deassert_reset(target_t *target)
 281 {
 282         LOG_DEBUG("target->state: %s", target_state_strings[target->state]);
 283
 284         /* deassert reset lines */
 285         jtag_add_reset(0, 0);
 286
 287         return ERROR_OK;
 288 }
 289
 290 int mips_m4k_soft_reset_halt(struct target_s *target)
 291 {
 292         /* TODO */
 293         return ERROR_OK;
 294 }
 295
 296 int mips_m4k_resume(struct target_s *target, int current, u32 address, int handle_breakpoints, int debug_execution)
 297 {
 298         mips32_common_t *mips32 = target->arch_info;
 299         mips_ejtag_t *ejtag_info = &mips32->ejtag_info;
 300         breakpoint_t *breakpoint = NULL;
 301         u32 resume_pc;
 302
 303         if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED)
 304         {
 305                 LOG_WARNING("target not halted");
 306                 return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
 307         }
 308
 309         if (!debug_execution)
 310         {
 311                 target_free_all_working_areas(target);
 312                 mips_m4k_enable_breakpoints(target);
 313                 mips_m4k_enable_watchpoints(target);
 314         }
 315
 316         /* current = 1: continue on current pc, otherwise continue at <address> */
 317         if (!current)
 318         {
 319                 buf_set_u32(mips32->core_cache->reg_list[MIPS32_PC].value, 0, 32, address);
 320                 mips32->core_cache->reg_list[MIPS32_PC].dirty = 1;
 321                 mips32->core_cache->reg_list[MIPS32_PC].valid = 1;
 322         }
 323
 324         resume_pc = buf_get_u32(mips32->core_cache->reg_list[MIPS32_PC].value, 0, 32);
 325
 326         mips32_restore_context(target);
 327
 328         /* the front-end may request us not to handle breakpoints */
 329         if (handle_breakpoints)
 330         {
 331                 /* Single step past breakpoint at current address */
 332                 if ((breakpoint = breakpoint_find(target, resume_pc)))
 333                 {
 334                         LOG_DEBUG("unset breakpoint at 0x%8.8x", breakpoint->address);
 335                         mips_m4k_unset_breakpoint(target, breakpoint);
 336                         //mips_m4k_single_step_core(target);
 337                         mips_m4k_set_breakpoint(target, breakpoint);
 338                 }
 339         }
 340
 341         /* exit debug mode - enable interrupts if required */
 342         mips_ejtag_exit_debug(ejtag_info, !debug_execution);
 343
 344         /* registers are now invalid */
 345         mips32_invalidate_core_regs(target);
 346
 347         if (!debug_execution)
 348         {
 349                 target->state = TARGET_RUNNING;
 350                 target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_RESUMED);
 351                 LOG_DEBUG("target resumed at 0x%x", resume_pc);
 352         }
 353         else
 354         {
 355                 target->state = TARGET_DEBUG_RUNNING;
 356                 target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_DEBUG_RESUMED);
 357                 LOG_DEBUG("target debug resumed at 0x%x", resume_pc);
 358         }
 359
 360         return ERROR_OK;
 361 }
 362
 363 int mips_m4k_step(struct target_s *target, int current, u32 address, int handle_breakpoints)
 364 {
 365         /* get pointers to arch-specific information */
 366         mips32_common_t *mips32 = target->arch_info;
 367         mips_ejtag_t *ejtag_info = &mips32->ejtag_info;
 368         breakpoint_t *breakpoint = NULL;
 369
 370         if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED)
 371         {
 372                 LOG_WARNING("target not halted");
 373                 return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
 374         }
 375
 376         /* current = 1: continue on current pc, otherwise continue at <address> */
 377         if (!current)
 378                 buf_set_u32(mips32->core_cache->reg_list[MIPS32_PC].value, 0, 32, address);
 379
 380         /* the front-end may request us not to handle breakpoints */
 381         if (handle_breakpoints)
 382                 if ((breakpoint = breakpoint_find(target, buf_get_u32(mips32->core_cache->reg_list[MIPS32_PC].value, 0, 32))))
 383                         mips_m4k_unset_breakpoint(target, breakpoint);
 384
 385         /* restore context */
 386         mips32_restore_context(target);
 387
 388         /* configure single step mode */
 389         mips_ejtag_config_step(ejtag_info, 1);
 390
 391         target->debug_reason = DBG_REASON_SINGLESTEP;
 392
 393         target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_RESUMED);
 394
 395         /* exit debug mode */
 396         mips_ejtag_exit_debug(ejtag_info, 1);
 397
 398         /* registers are now invalid */
 399         mips32_invalidate_core_regs(target);
 400
 401         if (breakpoint)
 402                 mips_m4k_set_breakpoint(target, breakpoint);
 403
 404         LOG_DEBUG("target stepped ");
 405
 406         mips_m4k_debug_entry(target);
 407         target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_HALTED);
 408
 409         return ERROR_OK;
 410 }
 411
 412 void mips_m4k_enable_breakpoints(struct target_s *target)
 413 {
 414         breakpoint_t *breakpoint = target->breakpoints;
 415
 416         /* set any pending breakpoints */
 417         while (breakpoint)
 418         {
 419                 if (breakpoint->set == 0)
 420                         mips_m4k_set_breakpoint(target, breakpoint);
 421                 breakpoint = breakpoint->next;
 422         }
 423 }
 424
 425 int mips_m4k_set_breakpoint(struct target_s *target, breakpoint_t *breakpoint)
 426 {
 427         /* TODO */
 428         return ERROR_OK;
 429 }
 430
 431 int mips_m4k_unset_breakpoint(struct target_s *target, breakpoint_t *breakpoint)
 432 {
 433         /* TODO */
 434         return ERROR_OK;
 435 }
 436
 437 int mips_m4k_add_breakpoint(struct target_s *target, breakpoint_t *breakpoint)
 438 {
 439         /* TODO */
 440         return ERROR_OK;
 441 }
 442
 443 int mips_m4k_remove_breakpoint(struct target_s *target, breakpoint_t *breakpoint)
 444 {
 445         /* TODO */
 446         return ERROR_OK;
 447 }
 448
 449 int mips_m4k_set_watchpoint(struct target_s *target, watchpoint_t *watchpoint)
 450 {
 451         /* TODO */
 452         return ERROR_OK;
 453 }
 454
 455 int mips_m4k_unset_watchpoint(struct target_s *target, watchpoint_t *watchpoint)
 456 {
 457         /* TODO */
 458         return ERROR_OK;
 459 }
 460
 461 int mips_m4k_add_watchpoint(struct target_s *target, watchpoint_t *watchpoint)
 462 {
 463         /* TODO */
 464         return ERROR_OK;
 465 }
 466
 467 int mips_m4k_remove_watchpoint(struct target_s *target, watchpoint_t *watchpoint)
 468 {
 469         /* TODO */
 470         return ERROR_OK;
 471 }
 472
 473 void mips_m4k_enable_watchpoints(struct target_s *target)
 474 {
 475         watchpoint_t *watchpoint = target->watchpoints;
 476
 477         /* set any pending watchpoints */
 478         while (watchpoint)
 479         {
 480                 if (watchpoint->set == 0)
 481                         mips_m4k_set_watchpoint(target, watchpoint);
 482                 watchpoint = watchpoint->next;
 483         }
 484 }
 485
 486 int mips_m4k_read_memory(struct target_s *target, u32 address, u32 size, u32 count, u8 *buffer)
 487 {
 488         mips32_common_t *mips32 = target->arch_info;
 489         mips_ejtag_t *ejtag_info = &mips32->ejtag_info;
 490
 491         LOG_DEBUG("address: 0x%8.8x, size: 0x%8.8x, count: 0x%8.8x", address, size, count);
 492
 493         if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED)
 494         {
 495                 LOG_WARNING("target not halted");
 496                 return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
 497         }
 498
 499         /* sanitize arguments */
 500         if (((size != 4) && (size != 2) && (size != 1)) || (count == 0) || !(buffer))
 501                 return ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENTS;
 502
 503         if (((size == 4) && (address & 0x3u)) || ((size == 2) && (address & 0x1u)))
 504                 return ERROR_TARGET_UNALIGNED_ACCESS;
 505
 506         switch (size)
 507         {
 508                 case 4:
 509                 case 2:
 510                 case 1:
 511                         return mips32_pracc_read_mem(ejtag_info, address, size, count, (void *)buffer);
 512                 default:
 513                         LOG_ERROR("BUG: we shouldn't get here");
 514                         exit(-1);
 515                         break;
 516         }
 517
 518         return ERROR_OK;
 519 }
 520
 521 int mips_m4k_write_memory(struct target_s *target, u32 address, u32 size, u32 count, u8 *buffer)
 522 {
 523         mips32_common_t *mips32 = target->arch_info;
 524         mips_ejtag_t *ejtag_info = &mips32->ejtag_info;
 525
 526         LOG_DEBUG("address: 0x%8.8x, size: 0x%8.8x, count: 0x%8.8x", address, size, count);
 527
 528         if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED)
 529         {
 530                 LOG_WARNING("target not halted");
 531                 return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
 532         }
 533
 534         /* sanitize arguments */
 535         if (((size != 4) && (size != 2) && (size != 1)) || (count == 0) || !(buffer))
 536                 return ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENTS;
 537
 538         if (((size == 4) && (address & 0x3u)) || ((size == 2) && (address & 0x1u)))
 539                 return ERROR_TARGET_UNALIGNED_ACCESS;
 540
 541         switch (size)
 542         {
 543                 case 4:
 544                 case 2:
 545                 case 1:
 546                         mips32_pracc_write_mem(ejtag_info, address, size, count, (void *)buffer);
 547                         break;
 548                 default:
 549                         LOG_ERROR("BUG: we shouldn't get here");
 550                         exit(-1);
 551                         break;
 552         }
 553
 554         return ERROR_OK;
 555 }
 556
 557 int mips_m4k_register_commands(struct command_context_s *cmd_ctx)
 558 {
 559         int retval;
 560
 561         retval = mips32_register_commands(cmd_ctx);
 562         return retval;
 563 }
 564
 565 int mips_m4k_init_target(struct command_context_s *cmd_ctx, struct target_s *target)
 566 {
 567         mips32_build_reg_cache(target);
 568
 569         return ERROR_OK;
 570 }
 571
 572 int mips_m4k_quit()
 573 {
 574         return ERROR_OK;
 575 }
 576
 577 int mips_m4k_init_arch_info(target_t *target, mips_m4k_common_t *mips_m4k, int chain_pos, char *variant)
 578 {
 579         mips32_common_t *mips32 = &mips_m4k->mips32_common;
 580
 581         if (variant)
 582         {
 583                 mips_m4k->variant = strdup(variant);
 584         }
 585         else
 586         {
 587                 mips_m4k->variant = strdup("");
 588         }
 589
 590         mips_m4k->common_magic = MIPSM4K_COMMON_MAGIC;
 591
 592         /* initialize mips4k specific info */
 593         mips32_init_arch_info(target, mips32, chain_pos, variant);
 594         mips32->arch_info = mips_m4k;
 595
 596         return ERROR_OK;
 597 }
 598
 599 int mips_m4k_target_command(struct command_context_s *cmd_ctx, char *cmd, char **args, int argc, struct target_s *target)
 600 {
 601         int chain_pos;
 602         char *variant = NULL;
 603         mips_m4k_common_t *mips_m4k = malloc(sizeof(mips_m4k_common_t));
 604
 605         if (argc < 4)
 606         {
 607                 LOG_ERROR("'target mips4k' requires at least one additional argument");
 608                 exit(-1);
 609         }
 610
 611         chain_pos = strtoul(args[3], NULL, 0);
 612
 613         if (argc >= 5)
 614                 variant = args[4];
 615
 616         mips_m4k_init_arch_info(target, mips_m4k, chain_pos, variant);
 617
 618         return ERROR_OK;
 619 }
 620
 621 int mips_m4k_examine(struct target_s *target)
 622 {
 623         int retval;
 624         mips32_common_t *mips32 = target->arch_info;
 625         mips_ejtag_t *ejtag_info = &mips32->ejtag_info;
 626         u32 idcode = 0;
 627
 628         target->type->examined = 1;
 629
 630         mips_ejtag_get_idcode(ejtag_info, &idcode, NULL);
 631
 632         if (((idcode >> 1) & 0x7FF) == 0x29)
 633         {
 634                 /* we are using a pic32mx so select ejtag port
 635                  * as it is not selected by default */
 636                 mips_ejtag_set_instr(ejtag_info, 0x05, NULL);
 637                 LOG_DEBUG("PIC32MX Detected - using EJTAG Interface");
 638         }
 639
 640         /* init rest of ejtag interface */
 641         if ((retval = mips_ejtag_init(ejtag_info)) != ERROR_OK)
 642                 return retval;
 643
 644         return ERROR_OK;
 645 }
 646
 647 int mips_m4k_bulk_write_memory(target_t *target, u32 address, u32 count, u8 *buffer)
 648 {
 649         return mips_m4k_write_memory(target, address, 4, count, buffer);
 650 }