1 /***************************************************************************
2 * Copyright (C) 2012 by Creative Product Design, marc @ cpdesign.com.au *
4 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify *
5 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by *
6 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or *
7 * (at your option) any later version. *
9 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, *
10 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of *
11 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the *
12 * GNU General Public License for more details. *
14 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License *
15 * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. *
16 ***************************************************************************/
18 /* 2014-12: Addition of the SWD protocol support is based on the initial work
19 * on bcm2835gpio.c by Paul Fertser and modifications by Jean-Christian de Rivaz. */
23 * This driver implements a bitbang jtag interface using gpio lines via
25 * The aim of this driver implementation is use system GPIOs but avoid the
26 * need for a additional kernel driver.
27 * (Note memory mapped IO is another option, however it doesn't mix well with
28 * the kernel gpiolib driver - which makes sense I guess.)
30 * A gpio is required for tck, tms, tdi and tdo. One or both of srst and trst
31 * must be also be specified. The required jtag gpios are specified via the
32 * sysfsgpio_jtag_nums command or the relevant sysfsgpio_XXX_num commang.
33 * The srst and trst gpios are set via the sysfsgpio_srst_num and
34 * sysfsgpio_trst_num respectively. GPIO numbering follows the kernel
35 * convention of starting from 0.
37 * The gpios should not be in use by another entity, and must not be requested
38 * by a kernel driver without also being exported by it (otherwise they can't
39 * be exported by sysfs).
41 * The sysfs gpio interface can only manipulate one gpio at a time, so the
42 * bitbang write handler remembers the last state for tck, tms, tdi to avoid
44 * For speed the sysfs "value" entry is opened at init and held open.
45 * This results in considerable gains over open-write-close (45s vs 900s)
47 * Further work could address:
48 * -srst and trst open drain/ push pull
49 * -configurable active high/low for srst & trst
55 #include <jtag/interface.h>
59 * Helper func to determine if gpio number valid
61 * Assume here that there will be less than 1000 gpios on a system
63 static int is_gpio_valid(int gpio)
65 return gpio >= 0 && gpio < 1000;
69 * Helper func to open, write to and close a file
70 * name and valstr must be null terminated.
72 * Returns negative on failure.
74 static int open_write_close(const char *name, const char *valstr)
77 int fd = open(name, O_WRONLY);
81 ret = write(fd, valstr, strlen(valstr));
88 * Helper func to unexport gpio from sysfs
90 static void unexport_sysfs_gpio(int gpio)
94 if (!is_gpio_valid(gpio))
97 snprintf(gpiostr, sizeof(gpiostr), "%d", gpio);
98 if (open_write_close("/sys/class/gpio/unexport", gpiostr) < 0)
99 LOG_ERROR("Couldn't unexport gpio %d", gpio);
105 * Exports and sets up direction for gpio.
106 * If the gpio is an output, it is initialized according to init_high,
107 * otherwise it is ignored.
109 * If the gpio is already exported we just show a warning and continue; if
110 * openocd happened to crash (or was killed by user) then the gpios will not
111 * have been cleaned up.
113 static int setup_sysfs_gpio(int gpio, int is_output, int init_high)
119 if (!is_gpio_valid(gpio))
122 snprintf(gpiostr, sizeof(gpiostr), "%d", gpio);
123 ret = open_write_close("/sys/class/gpio/export", gpiostr);
125 if (errno == EBUSY) {
126 LOG_WARNING("gpio %d is already exported", gpio);
128 LOG_ERROR("Couldn't export gpio %d", gpio);
129 perror("sysfsgpio: ");
134 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/sys/class/gpio/gpio%d/direction", gpio);
135 ret = open_write_close(buf, is_output ? (init_high ? "high" : "low") : "in");
137 LOG_ERROR("Couldn't set direction for gpio %d", gpio);
138 perror("sysfsgpio: ");
139 unexport_sysfs_gpio(gpio);
143 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/sys/class/gpio/gpio%d/value", gpio);
144 ret = open(buf, O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK | O_SYNC);
146 LOG_ERROR("Couldn't open value for gpio %d", gpio);
147 perror("sysfsgpio: ");
148 unexport_sysfs_gpio(gpio);
154 /* gpio numbers for each gpio. Negative values are invalid */
155 static int tck_gpio = -1;
156 static int tms_gpio = -1;
157 static int tdi_gpio = -1;
158 static int tdo_gpio = -1;
159 static int trst_gpio = -1;
160 static int srst_gpio = -1;
161 static int swclk_gpio = -1;
162 static int swdio_gpio = -1;
165 * file descriptors for /sys/class/gpio/gpioXX/value
166 * Set up during init.
168 static int tck_fd = -1;
169 static int tms_fd = -1;
170 static int tdi_fd = -1;
171 static int tdo_fd = -1;
172 static int trst_fd = -1;
173 static int srst_fd = -1;
174 static int swclk_fd = -1;
175 static int swdio_fd = -1;
177 static int last_swclk;
178 static int last_swdio;
179 static bool last_stored;
180 static bool swdio_input;
182 static void sysfsgpio_swdio_drive(bool is_output)
187 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/sys/class/gpio/gpio%d/direction", swdio_gpio);
188 ret = open_write_close(buf, is_output ? "high" : "in");
190 LOG_ERROR("Couldn't set direction for gpio %d", swdio_gpio);
191 perror("sysfsgpio: ");
195 swdio_input = !is_output;
198 static int sysfsgpio_swdio_read(void)
202 /* important to seek to signal sysfs of new read */
203 lseek(swdio_fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
204 int ret = read(swdio_fd, &buf, sizeof(buf));
207 LOG_WARNING("reading swdio failed");
211 return buf[0] != '0';
214 static void sysfsgpio_swdio_write(int swclk, int swdio)
216 const char one[] = "1";
217 const char zero[] = "0";
219 size_t bytes_written;
222 if (!last_stored || (swdio != last_swdio)) {
223 bytes_written = write(swdio_fd, swdio ? &one : &zero, 1);
224 if (bytes_written != 1)
225 LOG_WARNING("writing swdio failed");
229 /* write swclk last */
230 if (!last_stored || (swclk != last_swclk)) {
231 bytes_written = write(swclk_fd, swclk ? &one : &zero, 1);
232 if (bytes_written != 1)
233 LOG_WARNING("writing swclk failed");
242 * Bitbang interface read of TDO
244 * The sysfs value will read back either '0' or '1'. The trick here is to call
245 * lseek to bypass buffering in the sysfs kernel driver.
247 static bb_value_t sysfsgpio_read(void)
251 /* important to seek to signal sysfs of new read */
252 lseek(tdo_fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
253 int ret = read(tdo_fd, &buf, sizeof(buf));
256 LOG_WARNING("reading tdo failed");
260 return buf[0] == '0' ? BB_LOW : BB_HIGH;
264 * Bitbang interface write of TCK, TMS, TDI
266 * Seeing as this is the only function where the outputs are changed,
267 * we can cache the old value to avoid needlessly writing it.
269 static int sysfsgpio_write(int tck, int tms, int tdi)
272 sysfsgpio_swdio_write(tck, tdi);
276 const char one[] = "1";
277 const char zero[] = "0";
283 static int first_time;
284 size_t bytes_written;
293 if (tdi != last_tdi) {
294 bytes_written = write(tdi_fd, tdi ? &one : &zero, 1);
295 if (bytes_written != 1)
296 LOG_WARNING("writing tdi failed");
299 if (tms != last_tms) {
300 bytes_written = write(tms_fd, tms ? &one : &zero, 1);
301 if (bytes_written != 1)
302 LOG_WARNING("writing tms failed");
306 if (tck != last_tck) {
307 bytes_written = write(tck_fd, tck ? &one : &zero, 1);
308 if (bytes_written != 1)
309 LOG_WARNING("writing tck failed");
320 * Bitbang interface to manipulate reset lines SRST and TRST
322 * (1) assert or (0) deassert reset lines
324 static int sysfsgpio_reset(int trst, int srst)
326 LOG_DEBUG("sysfsgpio_reset");
327 const char one[] = "1";
328 const char zero[] = "0";
329 size_t bytes_written;
331 /* assume active low */
333 bytes_written = write(srst_fd, srst ? &zero : &one, 1);
334 if (bytes_written != 1)
335 LOG_WARNING("writing srst failed");
338 /* assume active low */
340 bytes_written = write(trst_fd, trst ? &zero : &one, 1);
341 if (bytes_written != 1)
342 LOG_WARNING("writing trst failed");
348 COMMAND_HANDLER(sysfsgpio_handle_jtag_gpionums)
351 COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(int, CMD_ARGV[0], tck_gpio);
352 COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(int, CMD_ARGV[1], tms_gpio);
353 COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(int, CMD_ARGV[2], tdi_gpio);
354 COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(int, CMD_ARGV[3], tdo_gpio);
355 } else if (CMD_ARGC != 0) {
356 return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
359 command_print(CMD_CTX,
360 "SysfsGPIO nums: tck = %d, tms = %d, tdi = %d, tdo = %d",
361 tck_gpio, tms_gpio, tdi_gpio, tdo_gpio);
366 COMMAND_HANDLER(sysfsgpio_handle_jtag_gpionum_tck)
369 COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(int, CMD_ARGV[0], tck_gpio);
371 command_print(CMD_CTX, "SysfsGPIO num: tck = %d", tck_gpio);
375 COMMAND_HANDLER(sysfsgpio_handle_jtag_gpionum_tms)
378 COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(int, CMD_ARGV[0], tms_gpio);
380 command_print(CMD_CTX, "SysfsGPIO num: tms = %d", tms_gpio);
384 COMMAND_HANDLER(sysfsgpio_handle_jtag_gpionum_tdo)
387 COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(int, CMD_ARGV[0], tdo_gpio);
389 command_print(CMD_CTX, "SysfsGPIO num: tdo = %d", tdo_gpio);
393 COMMAND_HANDLER(sysfsgpio_handle_jtag_gpionum_tdi)
396 COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(int, CMD_ARGV[0], tdi_gpio);
398 command_print(CMD_CTX, "SysfsGPIO num: tdi = %d", tdi_gpio);
402 COMMAND_HANDLER(sysfsgpio_handle_jtag_gpionum_srst)
405 COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(int, CMD_ARGV[0], srst_gpio);
407 command_print(CMD_CTX, "SysfsGPIO num: srst = %d", srst_gpio);
411 COMMAND_HANDLER(sysfsgpio_handle_jtag_gpionum_trst)
414 COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(int, CMD_ARGV[0], trst_gpio);
416 command_print(CMD_CTX, "SysfsGPIO num: trst = %d", trst_gpio);
420 COMMAND_HANDLER(sysfsgpio_handle_swd_gpionums)
423 COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(int, CMD_ARGV[0], swclk_gpio);
424 COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(int, CMD_ARGV[1], swdio_gpio);
425 } else if (CMD_ARGC != 0) {
426 return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
429 command_print(CMD_CTX,
430 "SysfsGPIO nums: swclk = %d, swdio = %d",
431 swclk_gpio, swdio_gpio);
436 COMMAND_HANDLER(sysfsgpio_handle_swd_gpionum_swclk)
439 COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(int, CMD_ARGV[0], swclk_gpio);
441 command_print(CMD_CTX, "SysfsGPIO num: swclk = %d", swclk_gpio);
445 COMMAND_HANDLER(sysfsgpio_handle_swd_gpionum_swdio)
448 COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(int, CMD_ARGV[0], swdio_gpio);
450 command_print(CMD_CTX, "SysfsGPIO num: swdio = %d", swdio_gpio);
454 static const struct command_registration sysfsgpio_command_handlers[] = {
456 .name = "sysfsgpio_jtag_nums",
457 .handler = &sysfsgpio_handle_jtag_gpionums,
458 .mode = COMMAND_CONFIG,
459 .help = "gpio numbers for tck, tms, tdi, tdo. (in that order)",
460 .usage = "(tck tms tdi tdo)* ",
463 .name = "sysfsgpio_tck_num",
464 .handler = &sysfsgpio_handle_jtag_gpionum_tck,
465 .mode = COMMAND_CONFIG,
466 .help = "gpio number for tck.",
469 .name = "sysfsgpio_tms_num",
470 .handler = &sysfsgpio_handle_jtag_gpionum_tms,
471 .mode = COMMAND_CONFIG,
472 .help = "gpio number for tms.",
475 .name = "sysfsgpio_tdo_num",
476 .handler = &sysfsgpio_handle_jtag_gpionum_tdo,
477 .mode = COMMAND_CONFIG,
478 .help = "gpio number for tdo.",
481 .name = "sysfsgpio_tdi_num",
482 .handler = &sysfsgpio_handle_jtag_gpionum_tdi,
483 .mode = COMMAND_CONFIG,
484 .help = "gpio number for tdi.",
487 .name = "sysfsgpio_srst_num",
488 .handler = &sysfsgpio_handle_jtag_gpionum_srst,
489 .mode = COMMAND_CONFIG,
490 .help = "gpio number for srst.",
493 .name = "sysfsgpio_trst_num",
494 .handler = &sysfsgpio_handle_jtag_gpionum_trst,
495 .mode = COMMAND_CONFIG,
496 .help = "gpio number for trst.",
499 .name = "sysfsgpio_swd_nums",
500 .handler = &sysfsgpio_handle_swd_gpionums,
501 .mode = COMMAND_CONFIG,
502 .help = "gpio numbers for swclk, swdio. (in that order)",
503 .usage = "(swclk swdio)* ",
506 .name = "sysfsgpio_swclk_num",
507 .handler = &sysfsgpio_handle_swd_gpionum_swclk,
508 .mode = COMMAND_CONFIG,
509 .help = "gpio number for swclk.",
512 .name = "sysfsgpio_swdio_num",
513 .handler = &sysfsgpio_handle_swd_gpionum_swdio,
514 .mode = COMMAND_CONFIG,
515 .help = "gpio number for swdio.",
517 COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
520 static int sysfsgpio_init(void);
521 static int sysfsgpio_quit(void);
523 static const char * const sysfsgpio_transports[] = { "jtag", "swd", NULL };
525 struct jtag_interface sysfsgpio_interface = {
527 .supported = DEBUG_CAP_TMS_SEQ,
528 .execute_queue = bitbang_execute_queue,
529 .transports = sysfsgpio_transports,
531 .commands = sysfsgpio_command_handlers,
532 .init = sysfsgpio_init,
533 .quit = sysfsgpio_quit,
536 static struct bitbang_interface sysfsgpio_bitbang = {
537 .read = sysfsgpio_read,
538 .write = sysfsgpio_write,
539 .reset = sysfsgpio_reset,
540 .swdio_read = sysfsgpio_swdio_read,
541 .swdio_drive = sysfsgpio_swdio_drive,
545 /* helper func to close and cleanup files only if they were valid/ used */
546 static void cleanup_fd(int fd, int gpio)
552 unexport_sysfs_gpio(gpio);
556 static void cleanup_all_fds(void)
558 cleanup_fd(tck_fd, tck_gpio);
559 cleanup_fd(tms_fd, tms_gpio);
560 cleanup_fd(tdi_fd, tdi_gpio);
561 cleanup_fd(tdo_fd, tdo_gpio);
562 cleanup_fd(trst_fd, trst_gpio);
563 cleanup_fd(srst_fd, srst_gpio);
566 static bool sysfsgpio_jtag_mode_possible(void)
568 if (!is_gpio_valid(tck_gpio))
570 if (!is_gpio_valid(tms_gpio))
572 if (!is_gpio_valid(tdi_gpio))
574 if (!is_gpio_valid(tdo_gpio))
579 static bool sysfsgpio_swd_mode_possible(void)
581 if (!is_gpio_valid(swclk_gpio))
583 if (!is_gpio_valid(swdio_gpio))
588 static int sysfsgpio_init(void)
590 bitbang_interface = &sysfsgpio_bitbang;
592 LOG_INFO("SysfsGPIO JTAG/SWD bitbang driver");
594 if (sysfsgpio_jtag_mode_possible()) {
595 if (sysfsgpio_swd_mode_possible())
596 LOG_INFO("JTAG and SWD modes enabled");
598 LOG_INFO("JTAG only mode enabled (specify swclk and swdio gpio to add SWD mode)");
599 } else if (sysfsgpio_swd_mode_possible()) {
600 LOG_INFO("SWD only mode enabled (specify tck, tms, tdi and tdo gpios to add JTAG mode)");
602 LOG_ERROR("Require tck, tms, tdi and tdo gpios for JTAG mode and/or swclk and swdio gpio for SWD mode");
603 return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
608 * Configure TDO as an input, and TDI, TCK, TMS, TRST, SRST
609 * as outputs. Drive TDI and TCK low, and TMS/TRST/SRST high.
610 * For SWD, SWCLK and SWDIO are configures as output high.
613 tck_fd = setup_sysfs_gpio(tck_gpio, 1, 0);
619 tms_fd = setup_sysfs_gpio(tms_gpio, 1, 1);
625 tdi_fd = setup_sysfs_gpio(tdi_gpio, 1, 0);
631 tdo_fd = setup_sysfs_gpio(tdo_gpio, 0, 0);
636 /* assume active low*/
637 if (trst_gpio >= 0) {
638 trst_fd = setup_sysfs_gpio(trst_gpio, 1, 1);
643 /* assume active low*/
644 if (srst_gpio >= 0) {
645 srst_fd = setup_sysfs_gpio(srst_gpio, 1, 1);
650 if (swclk_gpio >= 0) {
651 swclk_fd = setup_sysfs_gpio(swclk_gpio, 1, 0);
656 if (swdio_gpio >= 0) {
657 swdio_fd = setup_sysfs_gpio(swdio_gpio, 1, 0);
662 if (sysfsgpio_swd_mode_possible()) {
664 bitbang_swd_switch_seq(JTAG_TO_SWD);
666 bitbang_swd_switch_seq(SWD_TO_JTAG);
673 return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
676 static int sysfsgpio_quit(void)