1 /***************************************************************************
2 * Copyright (C) 2005 by Dominic Rath <Dominic.Rath@gmx.de> *
3 * Copyright (C) 2007-2010 Øyvind Harboe <oyvind.harboe@zylin.com> *
4 * Copyright (C) 2008 by Spencer Oliver <spen@spen-soft.co.uk> *
5 * Copyright (C) 2009 Zachary T Welch <zw@superlucidity.net> *
6 * Copyright (C) 2010 by Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com> *
8 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify *
9 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by *
10 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or *
11 * (at your option) any later version. *
13 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, *
14 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of *
15 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the *
16 * GNU General Public License for more details. *
18 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License *
19 * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. *
20 ***************************************************************************/
25 #include <flash/common.h>
26 #include <flash/nor/core.h>
27 #include <flash/nor/imp.h>
28 #include <target/image.h>
32 * Upper level of NOR flash framework.
33 * The lower level interfaces are to drivers. These upper level ones
34 * primarily support access from Tcl scripts or from GDB.
37 static struct flash_bank *flash_banks;
39 int flash_driver_erase(struct flash_bank *bank, int first, int last)
43 retval = bank->driver->erase(bank, first, last);
44 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
45 LOG_ERROR("failed erasing sectors %d to %d", first, last);
50 int flash_driver_protect(struct flash_bank *bank, int set, int first, int last)
54 /* callers may not supply illegal parameters ... */
55 if (first < 0 || first > last || last >= bank->num_sectors) {
56 LOG_ERROR("illegal sector range");
60 /* force "set" to 0/1 */
65 * We must not use any cached information about protection state!!!!
67 * There are a million things that could change the protect state:
69 * the target could have reset, power cycled, been hot plugged,
70 * the application could have run, etc.
72 * Drivers only receive valid sector range.
74 retval = bank->driver->protect(bank, set, first, last);
75 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
76 LOG_ERROR("failed setting protection for areas %d to %d", first, last);
81 int flash_driver_write(struct flash_bank *bank,
82 uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t offset, uint32_t count)
86 retval = bank->driver->write(bank, buffer, offset, count);
87 if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
89 "error writing to flash at address 0x%08" PRIx32 " at offset 0x%8.8" PRIx32,
97 int flash_driver_read(struct flash_bank *bank,
98 uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t offset, uint32_t count)
102 LOG_DEBUG("call flash_driver_read()");
104 retval = bank->driver->read(bank, buffer, offset, count);
105 if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
107 "error reading to flash at address 0x%08" PRIx32 " at offset 0x%8.8" PRIx32,
115 int default_flash_read(struct flash_bank *bank,
116 uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t offset, uint32_t count)
118 return target_read_buffer(bank->target, offset + bank->base, count, buffer);
121 void flash_bank_add(struct flash_bank *bank)
123 /* put flash bank in linked list */
124 unsigned bank_num = 0;
126 /* find last flash bank */
127 struct flash_bank *p = flash_banks;
128 while (NULL != p->next) {
137 bank->bank_number = bank_num;
140 struct flash_bank *flash_bank_list(void)
145 struct flash_bank *get_flash_bank_by_num_noprobe(int num)
147 struct flash_bank *p;
150 for (p = flash_banks; p; p = p->next) {
154 LOG_ERROR("flash bank %d does not exist", num);
158 int flash_get_bank_count(void)
160 struct flash_bank *p;
162 for (p = flash_banks; p; p = p->next)
167 struct flash_bank *get_flash_bank_by_name_noprobe(const char *name)
169 unsigned requested = get_flash_name_index(name);
172 struct flash_bank *bank;
173 for (bank = flash_banks; NULL != bank; bank = bank->next) {
174 if (strcmp(bank->name, name) == 0)
176 if (!flash_driver_name_matches(bank->driver->name, name))
178 if (++found < requested)
185 int get_flash_bank_by_name(const char *name, struct flash_bank **bank_result)
187 struct flash_bank *bank;
190 bank = get_flash_bank_by_name_noprobe(name);
192 retval = bank->driver->auto_probe(bank);
194 if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
195 LOG_ERROR("auto_probe failed");
204 int get_flash_bank_by_num(int num, struct flash_bank **bank)
206 struct flash_bank *p = get_flash_bank_by_num_noprobe(num);
212 retval = p->driver->auto_probe(p);
214 if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
215 LOG_ERROR("auto_probe failed");
222 /* lookup flash bank by address, bank not found is success, but
223 * result_bank is set to NULL. */
224 int get_flash_bank_by_addr(struct target *target,
227 struct flash_bank **result_bank)
229 struct flash_bank *c;
231 /* cycle through bank list */
232 for (c = flash_banks; c; c = c->next) {
233 if (c->target != target)
237 retval = c->driver->auto_probe(c);
239 if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
240 LOG_ERROR("auto_probe failed");
243 /* check whether address belongs to this flash bank */
244 if ((addr >= c->base) && (addr <= c->base + (c->size - 1))) {
251 LOG_ERROR("No flash at address 0x%08" PRIx32, addr);
257 static int default_flash_mem_blank_check(struct flash_bank *bank)
259 struct target *target = bank->target;
260 const int buffer_size = 1024;
263 int retval = ERROR_OK;
265 if (bank->target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
266 LOG_ERROR("Target not halted");
267 return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
270 uint8_t *buffer = malloc(buffer_size);
272 for (i = 0; i < bank->num_sectors; i++) {
274 bank->sectors[i].is_erased = 1;
276 for (j = 0; j < bank->sectors[i].size; j += buffer_size) {
279 if (chunk > (j - bank->sectors[i].size))
280 chunk = (j - bank->sectors[i].size);
282 retval = target_read_memory(target,
283 bank->base + bank->sectors[i].offset + j,
287 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
290 for (nBytes = 0; nBytes < chunk; nBytes++) {
291 if (buffer[nBytes] != 0xFF) {
292 bank->sectors[i].is_erased = 0;
305 int default_flash_blank_check(struct flash_bank *bank)
307 struct target *target = bank->target;
313 if (bank->target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
314 LOG_ERROR("Target not halted");
315 return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
318 for (i = 0; i < bank->num_sectors; i++) {
319 uint32_t address = bank->base + bank->sectors[i].offset;
320 uint32_t size = bank->sectors[i].size;
322 retval = target_blank_check_memory(target, address, size, &blank);
323 if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
328 bank->sectors[i].is_erased = 1;
330 bank->sectors[i].is_erased = 0;
335 LOG_USER("Running slow fallback erase check - add working memory");
336 return default_flash_mem_blank_check(bank);
342 /* Manipulate given flash region, selecting the bank according to target
343 * and address. Maps an address range to a set of sectors, and issues
344 * the callback() on that set ... e.g. to erase or unprotect its members.
346 * (Note a current bad assumption: that protection operates on the same
347 * size sectors as erase operations use.)
349 * The "pad_reason" parameter is a kind of boolean: when it's NULL, the
350 * range must fit those sectors exactly. This is clearly safe; it can't
351 * erase data which the caller said to leave alone, for example. If it's
352 * non-NULL, rather than failing, extra data in the first and/or last
353 * sectors will be added to the range, and that reason string is used when
354 * warning about those additions.
356 static int flash_iterate_address_range_inner(struct target *target,
357 char *pad_reason, uint32_t addr, uint32_t length,
358 int (*callback)(struct flash_bank *bank, int first, int last))
360 struct flash_bank *c;
361 uint32_t last_addr = addr + length; /* first address AFTER end */
366 int retval = get_flash_bank_by_addr(target, addr, true, &c);
367 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
370 if (c->size == 0 || c->num_sectors == 0) {
371 LOG_ERROR("Bank is invalid");
372 return ERROR_FLASH_BANK_INVALID;
376 /* special case, erase whole bank when length is zero */
377 if (addr != c->base) {
378 LOG_ERROR("Whole bank access must start at beginning of bank.");
379 return ERROR_FLASH_DST_BREAKS_ALIGNMENT;
382 return callback(c, 0, c->num_sectors - 1);
385 /* check whether it all fits in this bank */
386 if (addr + length - 1 > c->base + c->size - 1) {
387 LOG_ERROR("Flash access does not fit into bank.");
388 return ERROR_FLASH_DST_BREAKS_ALIGNMENT;
391 /** @todo: handle erasures that cross into adjacent banks */
394 last_addr -= c->base;
396 for (i = 0; i < c->num_sectors; i++) {
397 struct flash_sector *f = c->sectors + i;
398 uint32_t end = f->offset + f->size;
400 /* start only on a sector boundary */
402 /* scanned past the first sector? */
403 if (addr < f->offset)
406 /* is this the first sector? */
407 if (addr == f->offset)
410 /* Does this need head-padding? If so, pad and warn;
411 * or else force an error.
413 * Such padding can make trouble, since *WE* can't
414 * ever know if that data was in use. The warning
415 * should help users sort out messes later.
417 else if (addr < end && pad_reason) {
418 /* FIXME say how many bytes (e.g. 80 KB) */
419 LOG_WARNING("Adding extra %s range, "
422 (unsigned) f->offset,
423 (unsigned) addr - 1);
429 /* is this (also?) the last sector? */
430 if (last_addr == end) {
435 /* Does this need tail-padding? If so, pad and warn;
436 * or else force an error.
438 if (last_addr < end && pad_reason) {
439 /* FIXME say how many bytes (e.g. 80 KB) */
440 LOG_WARNING("Adding extra %s range, "
443 (unsigned) last_addr,
449 /* MUST finish on a sector boundary */
450 if (last_addr <= f->offset)
454 /* invalid start or end address? */
455 if (first == -1 || last == -1) {
456 LOG_ERROR("address range 0x%8.8x .. 0x%8.8x "
457 "is not sector-aligned",
458 (unsigned) (c->base + addr),
459 (unsigned) (c->base + last_addr - 1));
460 return ERROR_FLASH_DST_BREAKS_ALIGNMENT;
463 /* The NOR driver may trim this range down, based on what
464 * sectors are already erased/unprotected. GDB currently
465 * blocks such optimizations.
467 return callback(c, first, last);
470 /* The inner fn only handles a single bank, we could be spanning
473 static int flash_iterate_address_range(struct target *target,
474 char *pad_reason, uint32_t addr, uint32_t length,
475 int (*callback)(struct flash_bank *bank, int first, int last))
477 struct flash_bank *c;
478 int retval = ERROR_OK;
480 /* Danger! zero-length iterations means entire bank! */
482 retval = get_flash_bank_by_addr(target, addr, true, &c);
483 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
486 uint32_t cur_length = length;
487 /* check whether it all fits in this bank */
488 if (addr + length - 1 > c->base + c->size - 1) {
489 LOG_DEBUG("iterating over more than one flash bank.");
490 cur_length = c->base + c->size - addr;
492 retval = flash_iterate_address_range_inner(target,
493 pad_reason, addr, cur_length,
495 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
498 length -= cur_length;
500 } while (length > 0);
505 int flash_erase_address_range(struct target *target,
506 bool pad, uint32_t addr, uint32_t length)
508 return flash_iterate_address_range(target, pad ? "erase" : NULL,
509 addr, length, &flash_driver_erase);
512 static int flash_driver_unprotect(struct flash_bank *bank, int first, int last)
514 return flash_driver_protect(bank, 0, first, last);
517 int flash_unlock_address_range(struct target *target, uint32_t addr, uint32_t length)
519 /* By default, pad to sector boundaries ... the real issue here
520 * is that our (only) caller *permanently* removes protection,
521 * and doesn't restore it.
523 return flash_iterate_address_range(target, "unprotect",
524 addr, length, &flash_driver_unprotect);
527 static int compare_section(const void *a, const void *b)
529 struct imagesection *b1, *b2;
530 b1 = *((struct imagesection **)a);
531 b2 = *((struct imagesection **)b);
533 if (b1->base_address == b2->base_address)
535 else if (b1->base_address > b2->base_address)
541 int flash_write_unlock(struct target *target, struct image *image,
542 uint32_t *written, int erase, bool unlock)
544 int retval = ERROR_OK;
547 uint32_t section_offset;
548 struct flash_bank *c;
558 /* assume all sectors need erasing - stops any problems
559 * when flash_write is called multiple times */
564 /* allocate padding array */
565 padding = calloc(image->num_sections, sizeof(*padding));
567 /* This fn requires all sections to be in ascending order of addresses,
568 * whereas an image can have sections out of order. */
569 struct imagesection **sections = malloc(sizeof(struct imagesection *) *
570 image->num_sections);
572 for (i = 0; i < image->num_sections; i++)
573 sections[i] = &image->sections[i];
575 qsort(sections, image->num_sections, sizeof(struct imagesection *),
578 /* loop until we reach end of the image */
579 while (section < image->num_sections) {
580 uint32_t buffer_size;
583 uint32_t run_address = sections[section]->base_address + section_offset;
584 uint32_t run_size = sections[section]->size - section_offset;
587 if (sections[section]->size == 0) {
588 LOG_WARNING("empty section %d", section);
594 /* find the corresponding flash bank */
595 retval = get_flash_bank_by_addr(target, run_address, false, &c);
596 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
599 LOG_WARNING("no flash bank found for address %" PRIx32, run_address);
600 section++; /* and skip it */
605 /* collect consecutive sections which fall into the same bank */
606 section_last = section;
607 padding[section] = 0;
608 while ((run_address + run_size - 1 < c->base + c->size - 1) &&
609 (section_last + 1 < image->num_sections)) {
610 /* sections are sorted */
611 assert(sections[section_last + 1]->base_address >= c->base);
612 if (sections[section_last + 1]->base_address >= (c->base + c->size)) {
613 /* Done with this bank */
617 /* FIXME This needlessly touches sectors BETWEEN the
618 * sections it's writing. Without auto erase, it just
619 * writes ones. That WILL INVALIDATE data in cases
620 * like Stellaris Tempest chips, corrupting internal
621 * ECC codes; and at least FreeScale suggests issues
622 * with that approach (in HC11 documentation).
624 * With auto erase enabled, data in those sectors will
625 * be needlessly destroyed; and some of the limited
626 * number of flash erase cycles will be wasted...
628 * In both cases, the extra writes slow things down.
631 /* if we have multiple sections within our image,
632 * flash programming could fail due to alignment issues
633 * attempt to rebuild a consecutive buffer for the flash loader */
634 pad_bytes = (sections[section_last + 1]->base_address) - (run_address + run_size);
635 padding[section_last] = pad_bytes;
636 run_size += sections[++section_last]->size;
637 run_size += pad_bytes;
640 LOG_INFO("Padding image section %d with %d bytes",
645 if (run_address + run_size - 1 > c->base + c->size - 1) {
646 /* If we have more than one flash chip back to back, then we limit
647 * the current write operation to the current chip.
649 LOG_DEBUG("Truncate flash run size to the current flash chip.");
651 run_size = c->base + c->size - run_address;
652 assert(run_size > 0);
655 /* If we're applying any sector automagic, then pad this
656 * (maybe-combined) segment to the end of its last sector.
658 if (unlock || erase) {
660 uint32_t offset_start = run_address - c->base;
661 uint32_t offset_end = offset_start + run_size;
662 uint32_t end = offset_end, delta;
664 for (sector = 0; sector < c->num_sectors; sector++) {
665 end = c->sectors[sector].offset
666 + c->sectors[sector].size;
667 if (offset_end <= end)
671 delta = end - offset_end;
672 padding[section_last] += delta;
676 /* allocate buffer */
677 buffer = malloc(run_size);
678 if (buffer == NULL) {
679 LOG_ERROR("Out of memory for flash bank buffer");
685 /* read sections to the buffer */
686 while (buffer_size < run_size) {
689 size_read = run_size - buffer_size;
690 if (size_read > sections[section]->size - section_offset)
691 size_read = sections[section]->size - section_offset;
695 * #¤%#"%¤% we have to figure out the section # from the sorted
696 * list of pointers to sections to invoke image_read_section()...
698 intptr_t diff = (intptr_t)sections[section] - (intptr_t)image->sections;
699 int t_section_num = diff / sizeof(struct imagesection);
701 LOG_DEBUG("image_read_section: section = %d, t_section_num = %d, "
702 "section_offset = %d, buffer_size = %d, size_read = %d",
703 (int)section, (int)t_section_num, (int)section_offset,
704 (int)buffer_size, (int)size_read);
705 retval = image_read_section(image, t_section_num, section_offset,
706 size_read, buffer + buffer_size, &size_read);
707 if (retval != ERROR_OK || size_read == 0) {
712 /* see if we need to pad the section */
713 while (padding[section]--)
714 (buffer + buffer_size)[size_read++] = c->default_padded_value;
716 buffer_size += size_read;
717 section_offset += size_read;
719 if (section_offset >= sections[section]->size) {
728 retval = flash_unlock_address_range(target, run_address, run_size);
729 if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
731 /* calculate and erase sectors */
732 retval = flash_erase_address_range(target,
733 true, run_address, run_size);
737 if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
738 /* write flash sectors */
739 retval = flash_driver_write(c, buffer, run_address - c->base, run_size);
744 if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
745 /* abort operation */
750 *written += run_size; /* add run size to total written counter */
760 int flash_write(struct target *target, struct image *image,
761 uint32_t *written, int erase)
763 return flash_write_unlock(target, image, written, erase, false);