X-Git-Url: https://git.gag.com/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=docs%2Fpostscript%2Fsplat.ps;h=3873d5a117840841e795e0c479ffdbe9c443d904;hb=2b83ee9944726f29b3f6679fba24a902bcd33c56;hp=2dbe5def479258319df498c9612bdc4437ee8a1f;hpb=996bd803ab22572b622b684221c9a8ca04b3f63a;p=debian%2Fsplat diff --git a/docs/postscript/splat.ps b/docs/postscript/splat.ps index 2dbe5de..3873d5a 100644 --- a/docs/postscript/splat.ps +++ b/docs/postscript/splat.ps @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.17.2 -%%CreationDate: Sat Jan 24 16:01:55 2004 +%%CreationDate: Fri Jan 19 15:42:11 2007 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Courier %%+ font Symbol %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.17 2 -%%Pages: 9 +%%Pages: 14 %%PageOrder: Ascend %%Orientation: Portrait %%EndComments @@ -210,289 +210,370 @@ BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F (Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF -.219(NA)72 84 S(ME).219 E F0(splat \255 A)108 96 Q/F2 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF(S)2.5 E F0(ignal)A F2(P)2.5 E F0(ropag)A(ation,)-.05 -E F2(L)2.5 E F0(oss,)A F2(A)2.5 E F0(nd)A F2(T)2.5 E F0 -(errain analysis tool)A F1(SYNOPSIS)72 112.8 Q F0 .675(splat [-t)108 -124.8 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(tr)3.175 E(ansmitter_site)-.15 E(.qth) --.15 E F0 3.174(][)C(-r)-3.174 E F3 -.37(re)3.174 G(ceiver_site).37 E -(.qth)-.15 E F0 3.174(][)C(-c)-3.174 E F3(rx_antenna_height_for_los_co) -3.174 E(ver)-.1 E -.1(age)-.15 G .674(_analysis \(feet\)).1 F -(\(\215oat\))108 136.8 Q F0 4.38(][)C(-L)-4.38 E F3 -(rx_antenna_height_for_Longle)4.38 E(y-Rice_co)-.3 E(ver)-.1 E -.1(age) --.15 G 1.88(_analysis \(feet\) \(\215oat\)).1 F F0 4.38(][)C(-p)-4.38 E -F3(terr)4.38 E(ain_pr)-.15 E(o\214le)-.45 E(.e)-.15 E(xt)-.2 E F0(])A -([-e)108 148.8 Q F3(ele)5.543 E(vation_pr)-.15 E(o\214le)-.45 E(.e)-.15 -E(xt)-.2 E F0 5.543(][)C(-h)-5.543 E F3(height_pr)5.543 E(o\214le)-.45 E -(.e)-.15 E(xt)-.2 E F0 5.543(][)C(-l)-5.543 E F3(Longle)5.543 E -(y-Rice_pr)-.3 E(o\214le)-.45 E(.e)-.15 E(xt)-.2 E F0 5.543(][)C(-o) --5.543 E F3(topo)5.542 E(gr)-.1 E(aphic_map_\214le-)-.15 E(name)108 -160.8 Q(.ppm)-.15 E F0 5.196(][)C(-b)-5.196 E F3(carto)5.196 E(gr)-.1 E -(aphic_boundary_\214lename)-.15 E(.dat)-.15 E F0 5.197(][)C(-s)-5.197 E -F3(site/city_database)5.197 E(.dat)-.15 E F0 5.197(][)C(-d)-5.197 E F3 -(sdf_dir)5.197 E(ectory_path)-.37 E F0(])A([-m)108 172.8 Q F3(earth_r) -2.5 E(adius_multiplier \(\215oat\))-.15 E F0 2.5(][)C(-R)-2.5 E F3 -(maximum_co)2.5 E(ver)-.1 E -.1(age)-.15 G(_r).1 E(ang)-.15 E 2.5(e\() --.1 G(for -c or -L\) \(miles\) \(\215oat\))-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C(-n] [-N]) --2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 189.6 Q F2(SPLA)108 201.6 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 1.588 -(is a simple, yet po)4.088 F 1.588 -(werful terrain analysis tool written for Unix and Linux-based w)-.25 F -(orkstations.)-.1 E F2(SPLA)108 213.6 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .053(is free softw) -2.553 F 2.553(are. 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See the)-.6 F -(GNU General Public License for more details.)108 297.6 Q F1(INTR)72 -314.4 Q(ODUCTION)-.329 E F2(SPLA)108 326.4 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .769 -(is a terrestrial RF propag)3.269 F .768 -(ation analysis tool for the spectrum between 20 MHz and 20 GHz, and) --.05 F(pro)108 338.4 Q 1.482(vides information of interest to communica\ -tion system designers and site engineers.)-.15 F F2(SPLA)6.483 E(T!)-.95 -E F0(deter)3.983 E(-)-.2 E .263 -(mines great circle distances and bearings between sites, antenna ele) -108 350.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .263 -(tion angles \(uptilt\), depression angles).25 F(\(do)108 362.4 Q 1.197 -(wntilt\), antenna height abo)-.25 F 1.497 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.197 -(ean sea le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.197(l, antenna height abo).15 F 1.497 --.15(ve a)-.15 H -.15(ve)-.05 G 1.197(rage terrain, bearings and dis-) -.15 F .039(tances to kno)108 374.4 R .039(wn obstructions, Longle)-.25 F -.038 -(y-Rice path loss, and minimum antenna height requirements needed to) --.15 F 2.721(establish line-of-sight communication paths absent of obst\ -ructions due to terrain.)108 386.4 R F2(SPLA)7.721 E(T!)-.95 E F0 -(produces)5.221 E .242(reports, graphs, and highly detailed and careful\ -ly annotated topographic maps depicting line-of-sight paths,)108 398.4 R -.068(path loss, and e)108 410.4 R .068(xpected co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -.068(rage areas of transmitters and repeater systems.).15 F .069 -(When performing line-of-sight)5.069 F .794(analysis in situations wher\ -e multiple transmitter or repeater sites are emplo)108 422.4 R(yed,)-.1 -E F2(SPLA)3.294 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .793(determines indi-)3.293 F -(vidual and mutual areas of co)108 434.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G -(rage within the netw).15 E(ork speci\214ed.)-.1 E F2(SPLA)108 458.4 Q -(T!)-.95 E F0 1.523(operates in tw)4.023 F 4.023(om)-.1 G(odes:)-4.023 E -F3 1.523(point-to-point mode)4.023 F F0 4.024(,a)C(nd)-4.024 E F3(ar) -4.024 E 1.524(ea pr)-.37 F 1.524(ediction mode)-.37 F F0 6.524(.T)C -1.524(hese modes may be)-6.524 F(in)108 470.4 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -3.084(du).1 G .583(sing either line-of-sight \(LOS\) or Irre)-3.084 F -.583(gular T)-.15 F .583(errain \(ITM\) propag)-.7 F .583(ation models.) --.05 F -.35(Tr)5.583 G .583(ue Earth, four).35 F(-)-.2 E .243 -(thirds Earth, or an)108 482.4 R 2.743(yo)-.15 G .243(ther Earth radius\ - may be speci\214ed by the user when performing line-of-sight analysis.) --2.743 F F1(INPUT FILES)72 499.2 Q F2(SPLA)108 511.2 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .682 -(is a command-line dri)3.182 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.182(na).15 G .682 -(pplication, and reads input data through a number of data \214les.) --3.182 F(Each)5.681 E 1.188(has its o)108 523.2 R 1.188(wn format.)-.25 -F 1.189(Some \214les are mandatory for successful e)6.188 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G 1.189(cution of the program, while others are).15 F 2.95 -(optional. Mandatory)108 535.2 R .45(\214les include SPLA)2.95 F 2.95 -(TD)-1.11 G .449(ata Files \(SDF \214les\), site location \214les \(QTH\ - \214les\), and Long-)-2.95 F(le)108 547.2 Q .681 -(y-Rice model parameter \214les \(LRP \214les\).)-.15 F .682 -(Optional \214les include city/site location \214les, and cartographic) -5.681 F(boundary \214les.)108 559.2 Q F1(SPLA)72 576 Q 2.738(TD)-1.04 G --1.644 -1.04(AT A)-3.121 H(FILES)3.778 E F2(SPLA)108 588 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 -.65(imports topographic data in the form of SPLA)3.15 F 3.15(TD)-1.11 G -.65(ata Files \(SDFs\) that may be generated from a)-3.15 F .621 -(number of information sources.)108 600 R .622 -(In the United States, SPLA)5.622 F 3.122(TD)-1.11 G .622 -(ata Files are most often deri)-3.122 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.122(df).15 G -.622(rom U.S.)-3.122 F 1.54(Geological Surv)108 612 R 1.84 -.15(ey D) --.15 H 1.539(igital Ele).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.539 -(tion Models \(DEMs\) using the).25 F F2(usgs2sdf)4.039 E F0 1.539 -(utility included with)4.039 F F2(SPLA)4.039 E(T!)-.95 E F0(.)A 1.47 -(USGS Digital Ele)108 624 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.47 -(tion Models compatible with this utility are a).25 F -.25(va)-.2 G -1.471(ilable at no cost via the Internet at:).25 F F3(http://edcsgs9.cr) -108 636 Q(.usgs.go)-1.11 E(v/glis/hyper/guide/1_dgr_dem\214g/inde)-.1 E -(x1m.html)-.2 E F0(.)A(SPLA)108 660 Q 2.646(TD)-1.11 G .146 -(ata Files contain topographic ele)-2.646 F -.25(va)-.25 G .146 -(tions to the nearest meter abo).25 F .445 -.15(ve m)-.15 H .145 -(ean sea le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.645(lf).15 G .145(or 1-de)-2.645 F -.145(gree by)-.15 F(1-de)108 672 Q .812(gree re)-.15 F .812 -(gions of the earth with a resolution of 3-arc seconds.)-.15 F .813 -(SDF \214les can be read in either standard)5.812 F .579(format \()108 -684 R F3(.sdf)A F0 3.079(\)a)C 3.079(sg)-3.079 G .579(enerated by the) --3.079 F F2(usgs2sdf)3.079 E F0(utility)3.079 E 3.079(,o)-.65 G 3.079 -(ri)-3.079 G 3.079(nb)-3.079 G .578(zip2 compressed format \()-3.079 F -F3(.sdf)A(.bz2)-.15 E F0 3.078(\). 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Redistrib).1 F .671(ution and/or modi\ +\214cation is permitted under the terms of the GNU General Public)-.2 F +.376(License as published by the Free Softw)108 285.6 R .376(are F)-.1 F +.376(oundation, either v)-.15 F .376(ersion 2 of the License or an)-.15 +F 2.876(yl)-.15 G .376(ater v)-2.876 F(ersion.)-.15 E .349(Adoption of) +108 297.6 R F2(SPLA)2.849 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .349(source code in proprietar\ +y or closed-source applications is a violation of this license,)2.849 F +(and is)108 309.6 Q F2(strictly)2.5 E F0(forbidden.)2.5 E F2(SPLA)108 +333.6 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .53(is distrib)3.03 F .531 +(uted in the hope that it will be useful, b)-.2 F .531(ut WITHOUT ANY W) +-.2 F(ARRANTY)-1.2 E 3.031(,w)-1.29 G .531(ithout e)-3.031 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G(n).15 E .96(the implied w)108 345.6 R .959(arranty of MERCHANT) +-.1 F .959(ABILITY or FITNESS FOR A P)-.93 F(AR)-.92 E .959 +(TICULAR PURPOSE. See the)-.6 F +(GNU General Public License for more details.)108 357.6 Q F1(INTR)72 +374.4 Q(ODUCTION)-.329 E F0 .574(Applications of)108 386.4 R F2(SPLA) +3.074 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .574(include the visualization, design, and link b) +3.074 F .575(udget analysis of wireless W)-.2 F .575(ide Area)-.4 F +(Netw)108 398.4 Q 1.94(orks \(W)-.1 F 1.939 +(ANs\), commercial and amateur radio communication systems abo)-1.2 F +2.239 -.15(ve 2)-.15 H 4.439(0M).15 G 1.939(Hz, micro)-4.439 F -.1(wa) +-.25 G -.15(ve)-.1 G .92(links, frequenc)108 410.4 R 3.42(yc)-.15 G .92 +(oordination and interference studies, and the determination of analog \ +and digital terres-)-3.42 F(trial radio and tele)108 422.4 Q +(vision contour re)-.25 E(gions.)-.15 E F2(SPLA)108 446.4 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 +(pro)4.691 E 2.191(vides RF site engineering data such as great circle \ +distances and bearings between sites,)-.15 F 2.724(antenna ele)108 458.4 +R -.25(va)-.25 G 2.724(tion angles \(uptilt\), depression angles \(do) +.25 F 2.724(wntilt\), antenna height abo)-.25 F 3.024 -.15(ve m)-.15 H +2.725(ean sea le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(l,).15 E .22(antenna height abo) +108 470.4 R .52 -.15(ve a)-.15 H -.15(ve)-.05 G .22 +(rage terrain, bearings and distances to kno).15 F .22 +(wn obstructions, and Longle)-.25 F .22(y-Rice path)-.15 F 2.726 +(attenuation. In)108 482.4 R .226(addition, the minimum antenna height \ +requirements needed to clear terrain, the \214rst Fresnel)2.726 F +(zone, and 60% of the \214rst Fresnel zone are also pro)108 494.4 Q +(vided.)-.15 E F2(SPLA)108 518.4 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .102(produces reports, \ +graphs, and high resolution topographic maps that depict line-of-sight \ +paths, and)2.603 F(re)108 530.4 Q .153 +(gional path loss contours through which e)-.15 F .154(xpected co)-.15 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G .154(rage areas of transmitters and repeater systems can) +.15 F 1.237(be obtained.)108 542.4 R 1.237(When performing line-of-sigh\ +t analysis in situations where multiple transmitter or repeater)6.237 F +.368(sites are emplo)108 554.4 R(yed,)-.1 E F2(SPLA)2.868 E(T!)-.95 E F0 +.368(determines indi)2.868 F .369(vidual and mutual areas of co)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G .369(rage within the netw).15 F .369(ork speci-)-.1 F +(\214ed.)108 566.4 Q(Simply typing)108 590.4 Q/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(splat) +2.5 E F0(on the command line will return a summary of)2.5 E F2(SPLA)2.5 +E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.1 -.55('s c)D(ommand line options:).55 E F4 +(--==[ SPLAT! v1.2.0 Available Options... ]==--)198 614.4 Q +(-t txsite\(s\).qth \(max of 4\))144 638.4 Q(-r rxsite.qth)144 650.4 Q +(-c plot coverage of TX\(s\) with an RX antenna at X feet/meters AGL)144 +662.4 Q(-L plot path loss map of TX based on an RX at X feet/meters AGL) +144 674.4 Q +(-s filename\(s\) of city/site file\(s\) to import \(max of 5\))144 +686.4 Q(-b filename\(s\) of cartographic boundary file\(s\) to import \ +\(5 max\))144 698.4 Q(-p filename of terrain profile graph to plot)144 +710.4 Q(-e filename of terrain elevation graph to plot)144 722.4 Q F0 +(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.625(are 20)-.1 F(December 2006)2.5 E(1)190.955 +E EP %%Page: 2 2 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F -(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E(re)108 84 Q .937 -(gion is o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.437(rw).15 G .937 -(ater or outside the United States, and will assign an ele)-3.537 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .936(tion of sea-le).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.436(lt).15 G 3.436 -(ot)-3.436 G .936(hese areas.)-3.436 F 1.061(This feature of)108 96 R/F1 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)3.561 E(T!)-.95 E F0(mak)3.561 E 1.061 -(es it possible to perform path analysis not only o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.561(rl).15 G 1.062(and, b)-3.561 F 1.062(ut also between)-.2 F 1.389 -(coastal areas not represented by USGS Digital Ele)108 108 R -.25(va) --.25 G 1.389(tion Model Data since the).25 F 3.889(ya)-.15 G 1.388 -(re de)-3.889 F -.2(vo)-.25 G 1.388(id of an).2 F 3.888(yl)-.15 G(and) --3.888 E 2.501(masses. Ho)108 120 R(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .801 -.4 -(r, t).15 H .001(his beha).4 F .001(vior of)-.2 F F1(SPLA)2.501 E(T!) --.95 E F0 .001(underscores the importance of ha)2.501 F .002 -(ving all the SDF \214les required)-.2 F(for the re)108 132 Q -(gion being analyzed if meaningful results are to be e)-.15 E(xpected.) --.15 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SITE LOCA)72 148.8 Q(TION \(QTH\) FILES) --1.04 E F1(SPLA)108 160.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .839 +(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF +(-h filename of terrain height graph to plot)144 84 Q +(-H filename of normalized terrain height graph to plot)144 96 Q +(-l filename of Longley-Rice graph to plot)144 108 Q +(-o filename of topographic map to generate \(.ppm\))144 120 Q +(-u filename of user-defined terrain file to import)144 132 Q +(-d sdf file directory path \(overrides path in ~/.splat_path file\))144 +144 Q(-n no analysis, brief report)144 156 Q(-N no analysis, no report) +144 168 Q(-m earth radius multiplier)144 180 Q +(-f frequency for Fresnel zone calculation \(MHz\))144 192 Q +(-R modify default range for -c or -L \(miles/kilometers\))144 204 Q +(-db maximum loss contour to display on path loss maps \(80-230 dB\))138 +216 Q(-nf do not plot Fresnel zones in height plots)138 228 Q +(-plo filename of path-loss output file)132 240 Q +(-pli filename of path-loss input file)132 252 Q +(-udt filename of user defined terrain input file)132 264 Q +(-geo generate a .geo georeference file \(with .ppm output\))132 276 Q +(-kml generate a Google Earth .kml file \(for point-to-point links\))132 +288 Q(-metric employ metric rather than imperial units for all user I/O) +114 300 Q/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(INPUT FILES)72 328.8 Q/F3 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)108 340.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .508 +(is a command-line dri)3.008 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.008(na).15 G .507 +(pplication, and reads input data through a number of data \214les.) +-3.008 F(Some)5.507 E 1.42(\214les are mandatory for successful e)108 +352.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.42 +(cution of the program, while others are optional.).15 F 1.42 +(Mandatory \214les)6.42 F 1.085(include 3-arc second topograph)108 364.8 +R 3.585(ym)-.05 G 1.085(odels in the form of SPLA)-3.585 F 3.585(TD) +-1.11 G 1.085(ata Files \(SDF \214les\), site location \214les)-3.585 F +.394(\(QTH \214les\), and Longle)108 376.8 R .394 +(y-Rice model parameter \214les \(LRP \214les\).)-.15 F .395 +(Optional \214les include city location \214les,)5.394 F 1.324 +(cartographic boundary \214les, user)108 388.8 R 1.323(-de\214ned terra\ +in \214les, path-loss input \214les, and antenna radiation pattern)-.2 F +(\214les.)108 400.8 Q F2(SPLA)72 417.6 Q 2.738(TD)-1.04 G -1.644 -1.04 +(AT A)-3.121 H(FILES)3.778 E F3(SPLA)108 429.6 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .43 +(imports topographic data in the form of SPLA)2.93 F 2.93(TD)-1.11 G .43 +(ata Files \(SDFs\).)-2.93 F .43(These \214les may be generated)5.43 F +.737(from a number of information sources.)108 441.6 R .737 +(In the United States, SPLA)5.737 F 3.237(TD)-1.11 G .737 +(ata Files can be generated through)-3.237 F 5.441(U.S. Geological)108 +453.6 R(Surv)5.441 E 3.241 -.15(ey D)-.15 H 2.941(igital Ele).15 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G 2.942(tion Models \(DEMs\) using the).25 F F3(usgs2sdf)5.442 +E F0 2.942(utility included with)5.442 F F3(SPLA)108 465.6 Q(T!)-.95 E +F0 8.595(.U)C 3.595(SGS Digital Ele)-8.595 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.595 +(tion Models compatible with this utility may be do).25 F 3.595 +(wnloaded from:)-.25 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(http://edcftp.cr)108 +477.6 Q(.usgs.go)-1.11 E(v/pub/data/DEM/250/)-.1 E F0(.)A .798 +(Signi\214cantly better resolution and accurac)108 501.6 R 3.298(yc)-.15 +G .798(an be obtained through the use of SR)-3.298 F .798(TM-3 V)-.6 F +.798(ersion 2 digital)-1.11 F(ele)108 513.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .66 +(tion models.).25 F .659 +(These models are the product of the STS-99 Space Shuttle Radar T)5.66 F +(opograph)-.8 E 3.159(yM)-.05 G(ission,)-3.159 E .045(and are a)108 +525.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .045(ilable for most populated re).25 F .045 +(gions of the Earth.)-.15 F(SPLA)5.045 E 2.545(TD)-1.11 G .046 +(ata Files may be generated from SR)-2.545 F(TM)-.6 E .062 +(data using the included)108 537.6 R F3(srtm2sdf)2.562 E F0(utility) +2.562 E 5.061(.S)-.65 G -.6(RT)-5.061 G .061(M-3 V).6 F .061 +(ersion 2 data may be obtained through anon)-1.11 F .061(ymous FTP)-.15 +F(from:)108 549.6 Q F4(ftp://e0srp01u.ecs.nasa.go)2.5 E(v:21/srtm/ver) +-.1 E(sion2/)-.1 E F0 .241(Despite the higher accurac)108 573.6 R 2.741 +(yt)-.15 G .241(hat SR)-2.741 F .241(TM data has to of)-.6 F(fer)-.25 E +2.741(,s)-.4 G .241(ome v)-2.741 F .241(oids in the data sets e)-.2 F +2.741(xist. When)-.15 F -.2(vo)2.741 G .242(ids are).2 F .332 +(detected, the)108 585.6 R F3(srtm2sdf)2.832 E F0 .332 +(utility replaces them with corresponding data found in e)2.832 F .332 +(xisting SDF \214les \(that were)-.15 F .033 +(presumably created from earlier USGS data through the)108 597.6 R F3 +(usgs2sdf)2.533 E F0 2.533(utility\). If)2.533 F(USGS-deri)2.534 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.534(dS).15 G .034(DF data is not)-2.534 F -.2(av)108 609.6 +S(ailable, v)-.05 E(oids are handled through adjacent pix)-.2 E(el a) +-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G(raging, or direct replacement.).15 E(SPLA)108 633.6 +Q 2.782(TD)-1.11 G .282(ata Files contain inte)-2.782 F .282(ger v)-.15 +F .282(alue topographic ele)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .282 +(tions \(in meters\) referenced to mean sea le).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.782(lf).15 G(or)-2.782 E(1-de)108 645.6 Q .061(gree by 1-de)-.15 F +.061(gree re)-.15 F .061 +(gions of the earth with a resolution of 3-arc seconds.)-.15 F .062 +(SDF \214les can be read in either)5.062 F .712(standard format \()108 +657.6 R F4(.sdf)A F0 3.212(\)a)C 3.212(sg)-3.212 G .712(enerated by the) +-3.212 F F3(usgs2sdf)3.211 E F0(and)3.211 E F3(srtm2sdf)3.211 E F0 .711 +(utilities, or in bzip2 compressed format)3.211 F(\()108 669.6 Q F4 +(.sdf)A(.bz2)-.15 E F0 3.067(\). Since)B .568 +(uncompressed \214les can be processed slightly f)3.067 F .568 +(aster than \214les that ha)-.1 F .868 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .568 +(een compressed,).15 F F3(SPLA)108 681.6 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 1.764 +(searches for needed SDF data in uncompressed format \214rst.)4.265 F +1.764(If uncompressed data cannot be)6.764 F(located,)108 693.6 Q F3 +(SPLA)3.47 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .97 +(then searches for data in bzip2 compressed format.)3.47 F .971 +(If no compressed SDF \214les can be)5.971 F .779(found for the re)108 +705.6 R .779(gion requested,)-.15 F F3(SPLA)3.278 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .778 +(assumes the re)3.278 F .778(gion is o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.278(rw) +.15 G(ater)-3.378 E 3.278(,a)-.4 G .778(nd will assign an ele)-3.278 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .778(tion of).25 F(sea-le)108 717.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(lt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(hese areas.)-2.5 E(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.625 +(are 20)-.1 F(December 2006)2.5 E(2)190.955 E EP +%%Page: 3 3 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F +(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E 1.061 +(This feature of)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)3.561 E(T!)-.95 E +F0(mak)3.561 E 1.061(es it possible to perform path analysis not only o) +-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.561(rl).15 G 1.062(and, b)-3.561 F 1.062 +(ut also between)-.2 F .555 +(coastal areas not represented by Digital Ele)108 96 R -.25(va)-.25 G +.554(tion Model data.).25 F(Ho)5.554 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.354 +-.4(r, t).15 H .554(his beha).4 F .554(vior of)-.2 F F1(SPLA)3.054 E(T!) +-.95 E F0(under)5.554 E(-)-.2 E 1.575(scores the importance of ha)108 +108 R 1.575(ving all the SDF \214les required for the re)-.2 F 1.575 +(gion being analyzed if meaningful)-.15 F(results are to be e)108 120 Q +(xpected.)-.15 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SITE LOCA)72 136.8 Q +(TION \(QTH\) FILES)-1.04 E F1(SPLA)108 148.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .839 (imports site location information of transmitter and recei)3.339 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.338(rs).15 G .838(ites analyzed by the program from)-3.338 -F 1.963(ASCII \214les ha)108 172.8 R 1.963(ving a)-.2 F/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(.qth)4.463 E F0 -.15(ex)4.464 G 4.464(tension. QTH) -.15 F 1.964(\214les contain the site')4.464 F 4.464(sn)-.55 G 1.964 -(ame, the site')-4.464 F 4.464(sl)-.55 G 1.964(atitude \(in de)-4.464 F -(grees)-.15 E .744(North\), the site')108 184.8 R 3.244(sl)-.55 G .744 -(ongitude \(in de)-3.244 F .744(grees W)-.15 F .744 -(est\), and the site')-.8 F 3.244(sa)-.55 G .744(ntenna height abo) --3.244 F 1.043 -.15(ve g)-.15 H .743(round le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.243 -(l\().15 G -.4(AG)-3.243 G 3.243(L\). A).4 F .305 -(single line-feed character separates each \214eld.)108 196.8 R .305 -(The antenna height is assumed to be speci\214ed in feet unless)5.305 F -(follo)108 208.8 Q .402(wed by the letter)-.25 F F3(m)2.902 E F0 .402 -(or the w)2.902 F(ord)-.1 E F3(meter)2.902 E(s)-.1 E F0 .402 -(in either upper or lo)2.902 F .401(wer case.)-.25 F .401 -(Latitude and longitude informa-)5.401 F .548(tion may be e)108 220.8 R -.548(xpressed in either decimal format \(74.6889\) or de)-.15 F .548 -(gree, minute, second \(DMS\) format \(74 41)-.15 F(20.0\).)108 232.8 Q --.15(Fo)108 256.8 S 3.356(re).15 G .856 +F .375(ASCII \214les ha)108 160.8 R .375(ving a)-.2 F/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(.qth)2.875 E F0 -.15(ex)2.875 G 2.875(tension. QTH) +.15 F .375(\214les contain the site')2.875 F 2.875(sn)-.55 G .375 +(ame, the site')-2.875 F 2.876(sl)-.55 G .376(atitude \(positi)-2.876 F +.676 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.876(fN).15 G(orth)-2.876 E 1.127(of the equator) +108 172.8 R 3.626(,n)-.4 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.626 H(ti).15 E 1.426 -.15 +(ve i)-.25 H 3.626(fS).15 G 1.126(outh\), the site')-3.626 F 3.626(sl) +-.55 G 1.126(ongitude \(in de)-3.626 F 1.126(grees W)-.15 F 1.126 +(est, 0 to 360 de)-.8 F 1.126(grees\), and the site')-.15 F(s)-.55 E +1.639(antenna height abo)108 184.8 R 1.939 -.15(ve g)-.15 H 1.639 +(round le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.139(l\().15 G -.4(AG)-4.139 G 1.639 +(L\), each separated by a single line-feed character).4 F 6.64(.T)-.55 G +1.64(he antenna)-6.64 F .459 +(height is assumed to be speci\214ed in feet unless follo)108 196.8 R +.459(wed by the letter)-.25 F F3(m)2.959 E F0 .459(or the w)2.959 F(ord) +-.1 E F3(meter)2.959 E(s)-.1 E F0 .459(in either upper)2.959 F .424 +(or lo)108 208.8 R .424(wer case.)-.25 F .425 +(Latitude and longitude information may be e)5.424 F .425 +(xpressed in either decimal format \(74.6889\) or)-.15 F(de)108 220.8 Q +(gree, minute, second \(DMS\) format \(74 41 20.0\).)-.15 E -.15(Fo)108 +244.8 S 3.356(re).15 G .856 (xample, a site location \214le describing tele)-3.506 F .856 (vision station WNJT)-.25 F 3.356(,T)-.74 G .856(renton, NJ \()-3.706 F -F3(wnjt.qth)A F0 3.356(\)m)C .856(ight read as)-3.356 F(follo)108 268.8 -Q(ws:)-.25 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(WNJT)156 292.8 Q(40.2833)156 304.8 Q -(74.6889)156 316.8 Q(990.00)156 328.8 Q F0 .23 -(Each transmitter and recei)108 352.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.73(rs).15 G .23 +F3(wnjt.qth)A F0 3.356(\)m)C .856(ight read as)-3.356 F(follo)108 256.8 +Q(ws:)-.25 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(WNJT)156 280.8 Q(40.2833)156 292.8 Q +(74.6889)156 304.8 Q(990.00)156 316.8 Q F0 .23 +(Each transmitter and recei)108 340.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.73(rs).15 G .23 (ite analyzed by)-2.73 F F1(SPLA)2.73 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .23 (must be represented by its o)2.73 F .23(wn site location \(QTH\))-.25 F -(\214le.)108 364.8 Q F2(LONGLEY)72 381.6 Q(-RICE P)-1.007 E -(ARAMETER \(LRP\) FILES)-.81 E F1(SPLA)108 393.6 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .058 -(imports Longle)2.558 F .058 -(y-Rice model parameter data from \214les ha)-.15 F .057 -(ving the same base name as the transmit-)-.2 F 1.504 -(ter site QTH \214le, b)108 405.6 R 1.504(ut carrying a)-.2 F F3(.lrp) -4.005 E F0 -.15(ex)4.005 G 1.505(tension, thus pro).15 F 1.505 -(viding simple and accurate correlation between)-.15 F -(these associated data sets.)108 417.6 Q(The format for the Longle)5 E -(y-Rice model parameter \214les is as follo)-.15 E(ws \()-.25 E F3 -(wnjt.lrp)A F0(\):)A F4 6(15.000 ;)156 441.6 R -(Earth Dielectric Constant \(Relative permittivity\))6 E 12(0.005 ;)156 -453.6 R(Earth Conductivity \(Siemens per meter\))6 E -(301.000 ; Atmospheric Bending Constant \(N-units\))156 465.6 Q -(700.000 ; Frequency in MHz \(20 MHz to 20 GHz\))156 477.6 Q 42(5;)156 -489.6 S(Radio Climate \(5 = Continental Temperate\))-36 E 42(0;)156 -501.6 S(Polarization \(0 = Horizontal, 1 = Vertical\))-36 E 24(0.5 ;)156 -513.6 R(Fraction of situations \(50% of locations\))6 E 24(0.5 ;)156 -525.6 R(Fraction of time \(50% of the time\))6 E F0 .771(If an LRP \214\ -le corresponding to the tx_site QTH \214le cannot be found,)108 549.6 R +(\214le.)108 352.8 Q F2(LONGLEY)72 369.6 Q(-RICE P)-1.007 E +(ARAMETER \(LRP\) FILES)-.81 E F0(Longle)108 381.6 Q 1.082 +(y-Rice parameter data \214les are required for)-.15 F F1(SPLA)3.581 E +(T!)-.95 E F0 1.081(to determine RF path loss in either point-to-)3.581 +F .291(point or area prediction mode.)108 393.6 R(Longle)5.291 E .291 +(y-Rice model parameter data is read from \214les ha)-.15 F .292 +(ving the same base)-.2 F(name as the transmitter site QTH \214le, b)108 +405.6 Q(ut with a format \()-.2 E F3(wnjt.lrp)A F0(\):)A F4 6(15.000 ;) +156 429.6 R(Earth Dielectric Constant \(Relative permittivity\))6 E 12 +(0.005 ;)156 441.6 R(Earth Conductivity \(Siemens per meter\))6 E +(301.000 ; Atmospheric Bending Constant \(N-units\))156 453.6 Q +(700.000 ; Frequency in MHz \(20 MHz to 20 GHz\))156 465.6 Q 42(5;)156 +477.6 S(Radio Climate \(5 = Continental Temperate\))-36 E 42(0;)156 +489.6 S(Polarization \(0 = Horizontal, 1 = Vertical\))-36 E 24(0.5 ;)156 +501.6 R(Fraction of situations \(50% of locations\))6 E 24(0.5 ;)156 +513.6 R(Fraction of time \(50% of the time\))6 E F0 .771(If an LRP \214\ +le corresponding to the tx_site QTH \214le cannot be found,)108 537.6 R F1(SPLA)3.27 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .77(scans the current w)3.27 F(orking)-.1 E -.085(directory for the \214le "splat.lrp".)108 561.6 R .085 +.085(directory for the \214le "splat.lrp".)108 549.6 R .085 (If this \214le cannot be found, then the def)5.085 F .085 (ault parameters listed abo)-.1 F .385 -.15(ve w)-.15 H .085(ill be).15 -F .528(assigned by)108 573.6 R F1(SPLA)3.028 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .527(and a \ +F .528(assigned by)108 561.6 R F1(SPLA)3.028 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .527(and a \ corresponding "splat.lrp" \214le containing this data will be written t\ -o the current)3.028 F -.1(wo)108 585.6 S(rking directory).1 E(.)-.65 E --.8(Ty)108 609.6 S(pical Earth dielectric constants and conducti).8 E -(vity v)-.25 E(alues are as follo)-.25 E(ws:)-.25 E F4 -(Dielectric Constant)270 633.6 Q(Conductivity)12 E(Salt water)156 645.6 -Q 48(:8)42 G 96(05)-48 G(.000)-96 E(Good ground)156 657.6 Q 48(:2)36 G -96(50)-48 G(.020)-96 E(Fresh water)156 669.6 Q 48(:8)36 G 96(00)-48 G -(.010)-96 E(Marshy land)156 681.6 Q 48(:1)36 G 96(20)-48 G(.007)-96 E -(Farmland, forest :)156 693.6 Q 90(15 0.005)48 F(Average ground)156 -705.6 Q 48(:1)18 G 96(50)-48 G(.005)-96 E(Mountain, sand)156 717.6 Q 48 -(:1)18 G 96(30)-48 G(.002)-96 E 72(City :)156 729.6 R 96(50)54 G(.001) --96 E F0(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 126.62(are 20)-.1 F(January 2004)2.5 E(2) -195.95 E EP -%%Page: 3 3 +o the current)3.028 F -.1(wo)108 573.6 S(rking directory).1 E 5(.")-.65 +G(splat.lrp" can then be edited by the user as needed.)-5 E -.8(Ty)108 +597.6 S(pical Earth dielectric constants and conducti).8 E(vity v)-.25 E +(alues are as follo)-.25 E(ws:)-.25 E F4(Dielectric Constant)270 621.6 Q +(Conductivity)12 E(Salt water)156 633.6 Q 48(:8)42 G 96(05)-48 G(.000) +-96 E(Good ground)156 645.6 Q 48(:2)36 G 96(50)-48 G(.020)-96 E +(Fresh water)156 657.6 Q 48(:8)36 G 96(00)-48 G(.010)-96 E(Marshy land) +156 669.6 Q 48(:1)36 G 96(20)-48 G(.007)-96 E(Farmland, forest :)156 +681.6 Q 90(15 0.005)48 F(Average ground)156 693.6 Q 48(:1)18 G 96(50)-48 +G(.005)-96 E(Mountain, sand)156 705.6 Q 48(:1)18 G 96(30)-48 G(.002)-96 +E 72(City :)156 717.6 R 96(50)54 G(.001)-96 E(Poor ground)156 729.6 Q +-18 54(:4 0)36 H(.001)-54 E F0(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.625(are 20)-.1 F +(December 2006)2.5 E(3)190.955 E EP +%%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F -(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF -(Poor ground)156 84 Q -18 54(:4 0)36 H(.001)-54 E F0 -(Radio climate codes used by)108 108 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)2.5 E -(T!)-.95 E F0(are as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1(1: Equatorial \(Congo\)) -156 132 Q(2: Continental Subtropical \(Sudan\))156 144 Q -(3: Maritime Subtropical \(West coast of Africa\))156 156 Q -(4: Desert \(Sahara\))156 168 Q(5: Continental Temperate)156 180 Q +(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E +(Radio climate codes used by)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)2.5 E +(T!)-.95 E F0(are as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF +(1: Equatorial \(Congo\))156 108 Q(2: Continental Subtropical \(Sudan\)) +156 120 Q(3: Maritime Subtropical \(West coast of Africa\))156 132 Q +(4: Desert \(Sahara\))156 144 Q(5: Continental Temperate)156 156 Q (6: Maritime Temperate, over land \(UK and west coasts of US & EU\))156 -192 Q(7: Maritime Temperate, over sea)156 204 Q F0 1.487 -(The Continental T)108 228 R 1.486(emperate climate is common to lar)-.7 +168 Q(7: Maritime Temperate, over sea)156 180 Q F0 1.487 +(The Continental T)108 204 R 1.486(emperate climate is common to lar)-.7 F 1.486(ge land masses in the temperate zone, such as the)-.18 F .756 -(United States.)108 240 R -.15(Fo)5.756 G 3.256(rp).15 G .756 +(United States.)108 216 R -.15(Fo)5.756 G 3.256(rp).15 G .756 (aths shorter than 100 km, there is little dif)-3.256 F .756 -(ference between Continental and Maritime)-.25 F -.7(Te)108 252 S -(mperate climates.).7 E .379(The \214nal tw)108 276 R 2.879(op)-.1 G +(ference between Continental and Maritime)-.25 F -.7(Te)108 228 S +(mperate climates.).7 E .379(The \214nal tw)108 252 R 2.879(op)-.1 G .379(arameters in the)-2.879 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(.lrp)2.879 E F0 .379(\214le correspond to the statistical analysis pro)2.879 F .378 -(vided by the Longle)-.15 F(y-Rice)-.15 E 2.537(model. In)108 288 R .037 -(this e)2.537 F(xample,)-.15 E F2(SPLA)2.537 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .038(will r\ +(vided by the Longle)-.15 F(y-Rice)-.15 E 2.537(model. In)108 264 R .037 +(this e)2.537 F(xample,)-.15 E F1(SPLA)2.537 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .038(will r\ eturn the maximum path loss occurring 50% of the time \(fraction of) -5.037 F .316(time\) in 50% of situations \(fraction of situations\).)108 -300 R .315(Use a fraction of time parameter of 0.97 for digital tele-) -5.316 F(vision, 0.50 for analog in the United States.)108 312 Q -(Isotropic antennas are assumed.)5 E -.15(Fo)108 336 S 3.03(rf).15 G .53 -(urther information on these parameters, see:)-3.03 F F3 -(http://elbert.its.bldr)3.03 E(doc.go)-.37 E(v/itm.html)-.1 E F0(and) -3.03 E F3(http://www)3.03 E(.soft-)-.74 E(wright.com/faq/engineering/pr) -108 348 Q(op_longle)-.45 E(y_rice)-.3 E(.html)-.15 E/F4 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(CITY LOCA)72 364.8 Q(TION FILES)-1.04 E F0 .807 -(The names and locations of cities, to)108 376.8 R .807 -(wer sites, or other points of interest may imported and be plotted on) --.25 F .797(topographic maps generated by)108 388.8 R F2(SPLA)3.297 E -(T!)-.95 E F0(.)A F2(SPLA)5.797 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .797 -(imports the names of cities and locations from ASCII)3.297 F .191 -(\214les containing the location')108 400.8 R 2.691(sn)-.55 G .191 -(ame, the location')-2.691 F 2.691(sl)-.55 G .191 -(atitude, and the location')-2.691 F 2.69(sl)-.55 G 2.69(ongitude. Each) --2.69 F .19(\214eld is sepa-)2.69 F .513(rated by a comma.)108 412.8 R -.513(Each record is separated by a single line feed character)5.513 F -5.514(.A)-.55 G 3.014(sw)-5.514 G .514(as the case with the)-3.114 F F3 -(.qth)3.014 E F0 .259(\214les, latitude and longitude information may b\ -e entered in either decimal or de)108 424.8 R .258 -(gree, minute, second \(DMS\))-.15 F(format.)108 436.8 Q -.15(Fo)108 -460.8 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample \()-2.65 E F3(cities.dat)A F0(\):)A F1 -(Teaneck, 40.891973, 74.014506)156 484.8 Q -(Tenafly, 40.919212, 73.955892)156 496.8 Q -(Teterboro, 40.859511, 74.058908)156 508.8 Q -(Tinton Falls, 40.279966, 74.093924)156 520.8 Q -(Toms River, 39.977777, 74.183580)156 532.8 Q -(Totowa, 40.906160, 74.223310)156 544.8 Q(Trenton, 40.219922, 74.754665) -156 556.8 Q F0 2.74(At)108 580.8 S .24(otal of \214v)-2.74 F 2.74(es) --.15 G .24(eparate city data \214les may be imported at a time.)-2.74 F -.241(There is no limit to the size of these \214les.)5.241 F F2(SPLA)108 -592.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 1.056(reads city data sequentially)3.556 F 3.556 -(,a)-.65 G 1.055 -(nd plots only those locations whose positions do not con\215ict with) --3.556 F(pre)108 604.8 Q -(viously plotted locations when generating topographic maps.)-.25 E .996 +5.037 F .346(time\) in 50% of situations \(fraction of situations\).)108 +276 R .346(In the United States, use a fraction of time parameter of) +5.346 F(0.97 for digital tele)108 288 Q(vision \(8VSB modulation\), or \ +0.50 for analog \(VSB-AM+NTSC\) transmissions.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 312 S +2.782(rf).15 G .282(urther information on these parameters, see:)-2.782 +F F3(http://\215attop.its.bldr)2.782 E(doc.go)-.37 E(v/itm.html)-.1 E F0 +(and)2.783 E F3(http://www)2.783 E(.soft-)-.74 E +(wright.com/faq/engineering/pr)108 324 Q(op_longle)-.45 E(y_rice)-.3 E +(.html)-.15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(CITY LOCA)72 340.8 Q(TION FILES) +-1.04 E F0 .807(The names and locations of cities, to)108 352.8 R .807 +(wer sites, or other points of interest may be imported and plotted on) +-.25 F .797(topographic maps generated by)108 364.8 R F1(SPLA)3.297 E +(T!)-.95 E F0(.)A F1(SPLA)5.797 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .797 +(imports the names of cities and locations from ASCII)3.297 F .111 +(\214les containing the location of interest')108 376.8 R 2.611(sn)-.55 +G .111(ame, latitude, and longitude.)-2.611 F .11 +(Each \214eld is separated by a comma.)5.111 F .949 +(Each record is separated by a single line feed character)108 388.8 R +5.949(.A)-.55 G 3.449(sw)-5.949 G .949(as the case with the)-3.549 F F3 +(.qth)3.449 E F0 .949(\214les, latitude and)3.449 F +(longitude information may be entered in either decimal or de)108 400.8 +Q(gree, minute, second \(DMS\) format.)-.15 E -.15(Fo)108 424.8 S 2.5 +(re).15 G(xample \()-2.65 E F3(cities.dat)A F0(\):)A F2 +(Teaneck, 40.891973, 74.014506)156 448.8 Q +(Tenafly, 40.919212, 73.955892)156 460.8 Q +(Teterboro, 40.859511, 74.058908)156 472.8 Q +(Tinton Falls, 40.279966, 74.093924)156 484.8 Q +(Toms River, 39.977777, 74.183580)156 496.8 Q +(Totowa, 40.906160, 74.223310)156 508.8 Q(Trenton, 40.219922, 74.754665) +156 520.8 Q F0 3.2(At)108 544.8 S .7(otal of \214v)-3.2 F 3.2(es)-.15 G +.699(eparate city data \214les may be imported at a time, and there is \ +no limit to the size of these)-3.2 F(\214les.)108 556.8 Q F1(SPLA)6.369 +E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.369(reads city data on a "\214rst come/\214rst serv) +3.869 F 1.37(ed" basis, and plots only those locations whose)-.15 F .113 +(annotations do not con\215ict with annotations of locations read earli\ +er in the current city data \214le, or in pre)108 568.8 R(vi-)-.25 E +.539(ous \214les.)108 580.8 R .539(This beha)5.539 F .539 +(vior minimizes clutter in)-.2 F F1(SPLA)3.039 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .539 +(generated topographic maps, b)3.039 F .54(ut also mandates that)-.2 F +.15(important locations be placed to)108 592.8 R -.1(wa)-.25 G .15 +(rd the be).1 F .149(ginning of the \214rst city data \214le, and locat\ +ions less important be)-.15 F(positioned further do)108 604.8 Q +(wn the list or in subsequent data \214les.)-.25 E .996 (City data \214les may be generated manually using an)108 628.8 R 3.496 (yt)-.15 G -.15(ex)-3.496 G 3.496(te).15 G(ditor)-3.496 E 3.496(,i)-.4 G .997(mported from other sources, or deri)-3.496 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(d).15 E 1.535(from data a)108 640.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.535 -(ilable from the U.S. Census Bureau using the).25 F F2(citydecoder)4.035 -E F0 1.535(utility included with)4.035 F F2(SPLA)4.035 E(T!)-.95 E F0(.) +(ilable from the U.S. Census Bureau using the).25 F F1(citydecoder)4.035 +E F0 1.535(utility included with)4.035 F F1(SPLA)4.035 E(T!)-.95 E F0(.) A .152(Such data is a)108 652.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .153 (ilable free of char).25 F .153(ge via the Internet at:)-.18 F F3 (http://www)2.653 E(.census.go)-.74 E(v/g)-.1 E @@ -501,7 +582,7 @@ A .152(Such data is a)108 652.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .153 -.383 E 2.738(YD)-.383 G -1.644 -1.04(AT A)-3.121 H(FILES)3.778 E F0 1.17(Cartographic boundary data may also be imported to plot the bounda\ ries of cities, counties, or states on)108 693.6 R .071 -(topographic maps generated by)108 705.6 R F2(SPLA)2.571 E(T!)-.95 E F0 +(topographic maps generated by)108 705.6 R F1(SPLA)2.571 E(T!)-.95 E F0 5.071(.S)C .071 (uch data must be of the form of ARC/INFO Ungenerate \(ASCII)-5.071 F -.15(Fo)108 717.6 S 1.262 @@ -509,9 +590,9 @@ ries of cities, counties, or states on)108 693.6 R .071 -.2 G 1.262(ilable from the U.S.).25 F 1.262(Census Bureau via the)6.262 F 48.573(Internet at:)108 729.6 R F3(http://www)51.073 E(.census.go)-.74 E(v/g)-.1 E(eo/www/cob/co2000.html#ascii)-.1 E F0(and)51.074 E -(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 126.62(are 20)-.1 F(January 2004)2.5 E(3)195.95 E -EP -%%Page: 4 4 +(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.625(are 20)-.1 F(December 2006)2.5 E(4)190.955 +E EP +%%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup @@ -527,537 +608,891 @@ F .196(may be imported at a time.)108 96 R .196 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)108 136.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 1.03(is in)3.53 F -.2 (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.53(dv).1 G 1.03 (ia the command-line using a series of switches and ar)-3.53 F 3.53 -(guments. Since)-.18 F F3(SPLA)3.53 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.03(is a)3.53 F .023 -(CPU and memory intensi)108 148.8 R .323 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .023 -(pplication, this type of interf).15 F .023(ace minimizes o)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.15 G .024(rhead, and also lends itself well).15 F .106 -(to scripted operations.)108 160.8 R F3(SPLA)5.106 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.206 --.55('s C)D .106 -(PU and memory scheduling priority may be adjusted through the use of) -.55 F(the Unix)108 172.8 Q F3(nice)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .225 +(guments. Since)-.18 F F3(SPLA)3.53 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.03(is a)3.53 F .745 +(CPU and memory intensi)108 148.8 R 1.045 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .745 +(pplication, this type of interf).15 F .745(ace minimizes o)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G .746(rhead and lends itself well to).15 F .422 +(scripted \(batch\) operations.)108 160.8 R F3(SPLA)5.422 E(T!)-.95 E F0 +1.522 -.55('s C)D .421 +(PU and memory scheduling priority may be modi\214ed through the).55 F +(use of the Unix)108 172.8 Q F3(nice)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .225 (The number and type of switches passed to)108 196.8 R F3(SPLA)2.725 E (T!)-.95 E F0 .226(determine its mode of operation and method of output) 2.725 F .008(data generation.)108 208.8 R .008(Nearly all of)5.008 F F3 (SPLA)2.508 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.108 -.55('s s)D .008 (witches may be cascaded in an).55 F 2.507(yo)-.15 G .007 -(rder on the command line when)-2.507 F(in)108 220.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(kin\ -g the program to include all the features described by those switches w\ -hen performing an analysis.).2 E F2(POINT)72 237.6 Q(-T)-1.007 E -(O-POINT AN)-.197 E(AL)-.219 E(YSIS)-1.007 E F3(SPLA)108 249.6 Q(T!)-.95 +(rder on the command line when)-2.507 F(in)108 220.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G +(king the program.).2 E F3(SPLA)108 244.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .69 +(operates in tw)3.19 F 3.19(od)-.1 G .69(istinct modes:)-3.19 F F1 .69 +(point-to-point mode)3.19 F F0 3.19(,a)C(nd)-3.19 E F1(ar)3.19 E .69 +(ea pr)-.37 F .69(ediction mode)-.37 F F0 5.69(.E)C .69 +(ither a line-of-)-5.69 F .335(sight \(LOS\) or Longle)108 256.8 R .335 +(y-Rice Irre)-.15 F .335(gular T)-.15 F .335(errain \(ITM\) propag)-.7 F +.335(ation model may be in)-.05 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.834(db).1 G +2.834(yt)-2.834 G .334(he user)-2.834 F 5.334(.T)-.55 G(rue)-5.684 E +.625(Earth, four)108 268.8 R .625(-thirds Earth, or an)-.2 F 3.126(yo) +-.15 G .626(ther user)-3.126 F .626 +(-de\214ned Earth radius may be speci\214ed when performing line-of-)-.2 +F(sight analysis.)108 280.8 Q F2(POINT)72 297.6 Q(-T)-1.007 E +(O-POINT AN)-.197 E(AL)-.219 E(YSIS)-1.007 E F3(SPLA)108 309.6 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 1.224 -(may be used to perform line-of-sight terrain analysis between tw)3.724 -F 3.725(os)-.1 G 1.225(peci\214ed site locations.)-3.725 F -.15(Fo)6.225 -G(r).15 E -.15(ex)108 261.6 S(ample:).15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF -(splat -t tx_site.qth -r rx_site.qth)108 285.6 Q F0(in)108 309.6 Q -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.833(sat).1 G 3.332 -(errain analysis between the transmitter speci\214ed in)-5.833 F F1 -(tx_site)5.832 E(.qth)-.15 E F0 3.332(and recei)5.832 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -5.832(rs).15 G 3.332(peci\214ed in)-5.832 F F1(rx_site)108 321.6 Q(.qth) --.15 E F0 2.858(,a)C .358(nd writes a)-2.858 F F3(SPLA)2.858 E(T!)-.95 E -F0 .359(Obstruction Report to the current w)2.858 F .359 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.359(.T)-.65 G .359(he report contains)-5.359 F -.767(details of the transmitter and recei)108 333.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.267(rs).15 G .767(ites, and identi\214es the location of an)-3.267 F -3.266(yo)-.15 G .766(bstructions detected during)-3.266 F .627 -(the analysis.)108 345.6 R .628 -(If an obstruction can be cleared by raising the recei)5.627 F .928 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H .628(ntenna to a greater altitude,).15 F F3(SPLA)3.128 E -(T!)-.95 E F0 .573(will indicate the minimum antenna height required fo\ -r a line-of-sight path to e)108 357.6 R .572 -(xist between the transmitter)-.15 F .201(and recei)108 369.6 R -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.701(rl).15 G .201(ocations speci\214ed.)-2.701 F .201(If the a\ -ntenna must be raised a signi\214cant amount, this determination may) -5.201 F(tak)108 381.6 Q 2.5(es)-.1 G(ome time.)-2.5 E .694 -(are optional when in)108 405.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .694(king the program.).2 -F F3(SPLA)5.694 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .693(automatically reads all SPLA)3.194 F -3.193(TD)-1.11 G .693(ata Files necessary to)-3.193 F .289 -(conduct the terrain analysis between the sites speci\214ed.)108 417.6 R -.289(By def)5.289 F .29(ault, the location of SDF \214les is assumed to) --.1 F .307(be in the current w)108 429.6 R .307(orking directory unless\ - a ".splat_path" \214le is present under the user')-.1 F 2.807(sh)-.55 G -.307(ome directory)-2.807 F 5.307(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.307 E 1.087(this \214l\ -e is present, it must contain the full directory path to the location o\ -f all the SDF \214les required by)108 441.6 R F3(SPLA)108 453.6 Q(T!) --.95 E F0 .738(to perform its analysis for the re)3.238 F .737 -(gion containing the transmitter and recei)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.237 -(rs).15 G .737(ites speci\214ed.)-3.237 F(The)5.737 E -(path in this \214le must be of the form of a single line of ASCII te) -108 465.6 Q(xt:)-.15 E F4(/opt/splat/sdf/)108 489.6 Q F0 .622 -(and may be generated with an)108 513.6 R 3.122(yt)-.15 G -.15(ex)-3.122 -G 3.122(te).15 G(ditor)-3.122 E 5.622(.T)-.55 G .622(he def)-5.622 F -.622(ault path speci\214ed in the)-.1 F F1($HOME/.splat_path)3.122 E F0 -.622(\214le may)3.122 F(be o)108 525.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rridden at an) -.15 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(ime using the)-2.5 E F1(-d)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F4 -(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -d /cdrom/sdf/)108 549.6 Q F0 3.023(Ag)108 -573.6 S .523(raph of the terrain pro\214le between the recei)-3.023 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.023(ra).15 G .523 +(may be used to perform line-of-sight terrain analysis between tw)3.725 +F 3.724(os)-.1 G 1.224(peci\214ed site locations.)-3.724 F -.15(Fo)6.224 +G(r).15 E -.15(ex)108 321.6 S(ample:).15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF +(splat -t tx_site.qth -r rx_site.qth)108 345.6 Q F0(in)108 369.6 Q -.2 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.627(sal).1 G .128 +(ine-of-sight terrain analysis between the transmitter speci\214ed in) +-2.627 F F1(tx_site)2.628 E(.qth)-.15 E F0 .128(and recei)2.628 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.628(rs).15 G(peci\214ed)-2.628 E(in)108 381.6 Q F1(rx_site) +3.934 E(.qth)-.15 E F0 1.434(using a T)3.934 F 1.434 +(rue Earth radius model, and writes a)-.35 F F3(SPLA)3.934 E(T!)-.95 E +F0 1.433(Obstruction Report to the current)3.934 F -.1(wo)108 393.6 S +.548(rking directory).1 F 5.548(.T)-.65 G .549 +(he report contains details of the transmitter and recei)-5.548 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.049(rs).15 G .549(ites, and identi\214es the loca-)-3.049 F +.017(tion of an)108 405.6 R 2.517(yo)-.15 G .017 +(bstructions detected along the line-of-sight path.)-2.517 F .016 +(If an obstruction can be cleared by raising the)5.016 F(recei)108 417.6 +Q .496 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .197(ntenna to a greater altitude,).15 F F3 +(SPLA)2.697 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .197 +(will indicate the minimum antenna height required for a line-)2.697 F +1.655(of-sight path to e)108 429.6 R 1.654 +(xist between the transmitter and recei)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.154(rl) +.15 G 1.654(ocations speci\214ed.)-4.154 F 1.654 +(Note that imperial units)6.654 F +(\(miles, feet\) are speci\214ed unless the)108 441.6 Q F1(-metric)2.5 E +F0(switch is added to)2.5 E F3(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.1 -.55('s c)D +(ommand line options:).55 E F4 +(splat -t tx_site.qth -r rx_site.qth -metric)108 465.6 Q F0 .533(If the\ + antenna must be raised a signi\214cant amount, this determination may \ +tak)108 489.6 R 3.034(eaf)-.1 G 1.034 -.25(ew m)-3.034 H 3.034 +(oments. Note).25 F(that)3.034 E .33(the results pro)108 501.6 R .33 +(vided are the)-.15 F F1(minimum)2.83 E F0 .33 +(necessary for a line-of-sight path to e)2.83 F .329 +(xist, and in the case of this sim-)-.15 F(ple e)108 513.6 Q +(xample, do not tak)-.15 E 2.5(eF)-.1 G +(resnel zone clearance requirements into consideration.)-2.5 E F1(qth) +108 537.6 Q F0 -.15(ex)2.533 G .033(tensions are assumed by).15 F F3 +(SPLA)2.533 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .034 +(for QTH \214les, and are optional when specifying -t and -r ar)2.533 F +(guments)-.18 E .533(on the command-line.)108 549.6 R F3(SPLA)5.532 E +(T!)-.95 E F0 .532(automatically reads all SPLA)3.032 F 3.032(TD)-1.11 G +.532(ata Files necessary to conduct the terrain)-3.032 F .911 +(analysis between the sites speci\214ed.)108 561.6 R F3(SPLA)5.911 E(T!) +-.95 E F0 .912(searches for the required SDF \214les in the current w) +5.911 F(orking)-.1 E .189(directory \214rst.)108 573.6 R .189 +(If the needed \214les are not found,)5.189 F F3(SPLA)2.688 E(T!)-.95 E +F0 .188(then searches in the path speci\214ed by the)2.688 F F1(-d)2.688 +E F0(com-)2.688 E(mand-line switch:)108 585.6 Q F4 +(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -d /cdrom/sdf/)108 609.6 Q F0 .329(An e)108 +633.6 R .329(xternal directory path may be speci\214ed by placing a ".s\ +plat_path" \214le under the user')-.15 F 2.83(sh)-.55 G .33 +(ome directory)-2.83 F(.)-.65 E 3.045(This \214le must contain the full\ + directory path of last resort to all the SDF \214les.)108 645.6 R 3.044 +(The path in the)8.044 F F1($HOME/.splat_path)108 657.6 Q F0 +(\214le must be of the form of a single line of ASCII te)2.5 E(xt:)-.15 +E F4(/opt/splat/sdf/)108 681.6 Q F0(and can be generated using an)108 +705.6 Q 2.5(yt)-.15 G -.15(ex)-2.5 G 2.5(te).15 G(ditor)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E +3.022(Ag)108 729.6 S .523 +(raph of the terrain pro\214le between the recei)-3.022 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.023(ra).15 G .523 (nd transmitter locations as a function of distance from)-3.023 F -(the recei)108 585.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rc).15 G -(an be generated by adding the)-2.5 E F1(-p)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F4 -(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -p terrain_profile.gif)108 609.6 Q F3(SPLA) -108 633.6 Q(T!)-.95 E F0(in)4.119 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(s).1 E F3 -(gnuplot)4.119 E F0 1.619(when generating graphs.)4.119 F 1.619 -(The \214lename e)6.619 F 1.619(xtension speci\214ed to)-.15 F F3(SPLA) -4.12 E(T!)-.95 E F0(deter)4.12 E(-)-.2 E .809 -(mines the format of the graph produced.)108 645.6 R F1(.gif)5.809 E F0 -.809(will produce a 640x480 color GIF graphic \214le, while)3.309 F F1 -(.ps)3.308 E F0(or)3.308 E F1(.postscript)108 657.6 Q F0 1.211 -(will produce postscript output.)3.711 F 1.212 -(Output in formats such as PNG, Adobe Illustrator)6.211 F 3.712(,A)-.4 G -(utoCAD)-3.712 E 1.924(dxf, LaT)108 669.6 R 1.924(eX, and man)-.7 F -4.424(yo)-.15 G 1.924(thers are a)-4.424 F -.25(va)-.2 G 4.424 -(ilable. Please).25 F(consult)4.424 E F3(gnuplot)4.424 E F0 4.424(,a)C -(nd)-4.424 E F3(gnuplot)4.424 E F0 3.023 -.55('s d)D 1.923 -(ocumentation for).55 F(details on all the supported output formats.)108 -681.6 Q 3.542(Ag)108 705.6 S 1.042(raph of ele)-3.542 F -.25(va)-.25 G -1.042(tions subtended by the terrain between the recei).25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.542(ra).15 G 1.043(nd transmitter as a function of dis-)-3.542 -F(tance from the recei)108 717.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rc).15 G -(an be generated by using the)-2.5 E F1(-e)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E -(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 126.62(are 20)-.1 F(January 2004)2.5 E(4)195.95 E -EP -%%Page: 5 5 +(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.625(are 20)-.1 F(December 2006)2.5 E(5)190.955 +E EP +%%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F -(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF -(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -e elevation_profile.gif)108 84 Q F0 .425 -(The graph produced using this switch illustrates the ele)108 108 R -.25 -(va)-.25 G .424(tion and depression angles resulting from the ter).25 F -(-)-.2 E .553(rain between the recei)108 120 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(r').15 E -3.053(sl)-.55 G .553 -(ocation and the transmitter site from the perspecti)-3.053 F .854 -.15 -(ve o)-.25 H 3.054(ft).15 G .554(he recei)-3.054 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r').15 -E 3.054(sl)-.55 G(ocation.)-3.054 E 3.781(As)108 132 S 1.281 -(econd trace is plotted between the left side of the graph \(recei) --3.781 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r').15 E 3.78(sl)-.55 G 1.28 -(ocation\) and the location of the)-3.78 F .448 -(transmitting antenna on the right.)108 144 R .449 -(This trace illustrates the ele)5.448 F -.25(va)-.25 G .449 -(tion angle required for a line-of-sight path).25 F 1.074(to e)108 156 R -1.074(xist between the recei)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.574(ra).15 G 1.074 +(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E(the recei)108 84 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rc).15 G(an be generated by adding the)-2.5 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(-p)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF +(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -p terrain_profile.png)108 108 Q/F3 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)108 132 Q(T!)-.95 E F0(in)4.12 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G(s).1 E F3(gnuplot)4.12 E F0 1.619(when generating graphs.)4.119 +F 1.619(The \214lename e)6.619 F 1.619(xtension speci\214ed to)-.15 F F3 +(SPLA)4.119 E(T!)-.95 E F0(deter)4.119 E(-)-.2 E .346 +(mines the format of the graph produced.)108 144 R F1(.png)5.346 E F0 +.346(will produce a 640x480 color PNG graphic \214le, while)2.846 F F1 +(.ps)2.847 E F0(or)2.847 E F1(.postscript)108 156 Q F0 .151 +(will produce postscript output.)2.651 F .151 +(Output in formats such as GIF)5.151 F 2.65(,A)-.8 G .15 +(dobe Illustrator)-2.65 F 2.65(,A)-.4 G .15(utoCAD dxf,)-2.65 F(LaT)108 +168 Q .159(eX, and man)-.7 F 2.659(yo)-.15 G .159(thers are a)-2.659 F +-.25(va)-.2 G 2.659(ilable. Please).25 F(consult)2.659 E F3(gnuplot) +2.659 E F0 2.659(,a)C(nd)-2.659 E F3(gnuplot)2.659 E F0 1.26 -.55('s d)D +.16(ocumentation for details on).55 F(all the supported output formats.) +108 180 Q 3.543(Ag)108 204 S 1.043(raph of ele)-3.543 F -.25(va)-.25 G +1.042(tions subtended by the terrain between the recei).25 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 3.542(ra).15 G 1.042(nd transmitter as a function of dis-)-3.542 +F(tance from the recei)108 216 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rc).15 G +(an be generated by using the)-2.5 E F1(-e)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F2 +(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -e elevation_profile.png)108 240 Q F0 .424 +(The graph produced using this switch illustrates the ele)108 264 R -.25 +(va)-.25 G .425(tion and depression angles resulting from the ter).25 F +(-)-.2 E .554(rain between the recei)108 276 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(r').15 E +3.054(sl)-.55 G .553 +(ocation and the transmitter site from the perspecti)-3.054 F .853 -.15 +(ve o)-.25 H 3.053(ft).15 G .553(he recei)-3.053 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r').15 +E 3.053(sl)-.55 G(ocation.)-3.053 E 3.78(As)108 288 S 1.28 +(econd trace is plotted between the left side of the graph \(recei)-3.78 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r').15 E 3.781(sl)-.55 G 1.281 +(ocation\) and the location of the)-3.781 F .449 +(transmitting antenna on the right.)108 300 R .449 +(This trace illustrates the ele)5.449 F -.25(va)-.25 G .448 +(tion angle required for a line-of-sight path).25 F 1.073(to e)108 312 R +1.073(xist between the recei)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.574(ra).15 G 1.074 (nd transmitter locations.)-3.574 F 1.074 -(If the trace intersects the ele)6.074 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.073 +(If the trace intersects the ele)6.074 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.074 (tion pro\214le at an).25 F(y)-.15 E 1.031(point on the graph, then thi\ -s is an indication that a line-of-sight path does not e)108 168 R 1.032 -(xist under the conditions)-.15 F(gi)108 180 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(n, and th\ +s is an indication that a line-of-sight path does not e)108 324 R 1.031 +(xist under the conditions)-.15 F(gi)108 336 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(n, and th\ e obstructions can be clearly identi\214ed on the graph at the point\(s\ -\) of intersection.).15 E 3.671(Ag)108 204 S 1.171(raph illustrating te\ -rrain height referenced to a line-of-sight path between the transmitter\ - and recei)-3.671 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E(may be generated using the) -108 216 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(-h)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F1 -(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -h height_profile.gif)108 240 Q F0 -(The Earth')108 264 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(urv)-2.5 E(ature is clearly e)-.25 E -(vident when plotting height pro\214les.)-.25 E 2.5(Ag)108 288 S -(raph sho)-2.5 E(wing Longle)-.25 E -(y-Rice path loss may be plotted using the)-.15 E F2(-l)2.5 E F0 -(switch:)2.5 E F1(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -l path_loss_profile.gif) -108 312 Q F0 .886(When performing path loss pro\214les, a Longle)108 336 -R .886(y-Rice Model P)-.15 F .886(ath Loss Report is generated by)-.15 F -/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)3.386 E(T!)-.95 E F0(in)3.386 E .755 -(the form of a te)108 348 R .754(xt \214le with a)-.15 F F2(.lr)3.254 E -(o)-.45 E F0 .754(\214lename e)3.254 F 3.254(xtension. The)-.15 F .754 -(report contains bearings and distances between)3.254 F .535 -(the transmitter and recei)108 360 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.335 -.4(r, a).15 H -3.035(sw).4 G .536(ell as the Longle)-3.035 F .536 -(y-Rice path loss for v)-.15 F .536(arious distances between the trans-) --.25 F .096(mitter and recei)108 372 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.596(rl).15 G -2.596(ocations. The)-2.596 F .096(mode of propag)2.596 F .095 -(ation for points along the path are gi)-.05 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.595(na) -.15 G(s)-2.595 E F2(Line-of-Sight)2.595 E F0(,)A F2(Single Horizon)108 -384 Q F0(,)A F2(Double Horizon)2.5 E F0(,)A F2(Dif)2.5 E(fr)-.18 E -(action Dominant)-.15 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2 -1.85 -.55(Tr o)2.5 H -(poscatter Dominant).55 E F0(.)A 2.36 -.8(To d)108 408 T .76(etermine t\ +\) of intersection.).15 E 3.67(Ag)108 360 S 1.171(raph illustrating ter\ +rain height referenced to a line-of-sight path between the transmitter \ +and recei)-3.67 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E(may be generated using the)108 +372 Q F1(-h)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F2 +(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -h height_profile.png)108 396 Q F0 3.245 +(At)108 420 S .745 +(errain height plot normalized to the transmitter and recei)-3.245 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.245(ra).15 G .745 +(ntenna heights can be obtained using the)-3.245 F F1(-H)108 432 Q F0 +(switch:)2.5 E F2 +(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -H normalized_height_profile.png)108 456 Q +F0 2.5(Ac)108 480 S(ontour of the Earth')-2.5 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G(urv)-2.5 E +(ature is also plotted in this mode.)-.25 E .635(The \214rst Fresnel Zo\ +ne, and 60% of the \214rst Fresnel Zone can be added to height pro\214l\ +e graphs by adding)108 504 R(the)108 516 Q F1(-f)2.5 E F0 +(switch, and specifying a frequenc)2.5 E 2.5(y\()-.15 G +(in MHz\) at which the Fresnel Zone should be modeled:)-2.5 E F2(splat \ +-t tx_site -r rx_site -f 439.250 -H normalized_height_profile.png)108 +540 Q F0 2.5(Ag)108 564 S(raph sho)-2.5 E(wing Longle)-.25 E +(y-Rice path loss may be plotted using the)-.15 E F1(-l)2.5 E F0 +(switch:)2.5 E F2(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -l path_loss_profile.png) +108 588 Q F0(As before, adding the)108 612 Q F1(-metric)2.5 E F0 +(switch forces the graphs to be plotted using metric units of measure.) +2.5 E .886(When performing path loss pro\214les, a Longle)108 636 R .886 +(y-Rice Model P)-.15 F .886(ath Loss Report is generated by)-.15 F F3 +(SPLA)3.386 E(T!)-.95 E F0(in)3.386 E .754(the form of a te)108 648 R +.754(xt \214le with a)-.15 F F1(.lr)3.254 E(o)-.45 E F0 .754 +(\214lename e)3.254 F 3.254(xtension. The)-.15 F .754 +(report contains bearings and distances between)3.254 F .536 +(the transmitter and recei)108 660 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.336 -.4(r, a).15 H +3.036(sw).4 G .536(ell as the Longle)-3.036 F .536 +(y-Rice path loss for v)-.15 F .535(arious distances between the trans-) +-.25 F .095(mitter and recei)108 672 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.595(rl).15 G +2.595(ocations. The)-2.595 F .095(mode of propag)2.595 F .096 +(ation for points along the path are gi)-.05 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.596(na) +.15 G(s)-2.596 E F1(Line-of-Sight)2.596 E F0(,)A F1(Single Horizon)108 +684 Q F0(,)A F1(Double Horizon)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(Dif)2.5 E(fr)-.18 E +(action Dominant)-.15 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1 -1.85 -.55(Tr o)2.5 H +(poscatter Dominant).55 E F0(.)A 2.36 -.8(To d)108 708 T .76(etermine t\ he signal-to-noise \(SNR\) ratio at remote location where random Johnso\ -n \(thermal\) noise is).8 F(the primary limiting f)108 420 Q -(actor in reception:)-.1 E F2(SNR)108.33 444 Q/F4 10/Symbol SF(=)3.07 E -F2(T)2.71 E F4(-)3.47 E F2(NJ)2.9 E F4(-)3.17 E F2(L)2.78 E F4(+)2.73 E -F2(G)2.18 E F4(-)2.7 E F2(NF)2.9 E F0(where)108 468 Q F3(T)3.077 E F0 -.577(is the ERP of the transmitter in dBW)3.077 F(,)-.92 E F3(NJ)3.076 E -F0 .576(is Johnson Noise in dBW \(-136 dBW for a 6 MHz TV)3.076 F -(channel\),)108 480 Q F3(L)2.513 E F0 .013(is the path loss pro)2.513 F -.013(vided by)-.15 F F3(SPLA)2.513 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .014(in dB \(as a) -2.513 F F2(positive)2.514 E F0(number\),)2.514 E F3(G)2.514 E F0 .014 -(is the recei)2.514 F .314 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .014(ntenna g).15 F(ain)-.05 -E(in dB o)108 492 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(ri).15 G(sotropic, and)-2.5 E F3 +n \(thermal\) noise is).8 F(the primary limiting f)108 720 Q +(actor in reception:)-.1 E(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.625(are 20)-.1 F +(December 2006)2.5 E(6)190.955 E EP +%%Page: 7 7 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F +(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(SNR)108.33 84 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(=)3.07 E F1(T)2.71 E F2(-)3.47 E F1 +(NJ)2.9 E F2(-)3.17 E F1(L)2.78 E F2(+)2.73 E F1(G)2.18 E F2(-)2.7 E F1 +(NF)2.9 E F0(where)108 108 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(T)2.714 E F0 .215 +(is the ERP of the transmitter in dBW in the direction of the recei) +2.714 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G F3(NJ)3.115 E F0 .215 +(is Johnson Noise in dBW)2.715 F .725(\(-136 dBW for a 6 MHz tele)108 +120 R .725(vision channel\),)-.25 F F3(L)3.225 E F0 .725 +(is the path loss pro)3.225 F .725(vided by)-.15 F F3(SPLA)3.225 E(T!) +-.95 E F0 .725(in dB \(as a)5.725 F F1(positive)3.225 E F0(number\),)108 +132 Q F3(G)2.5 E F0(is the recei)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(ntenna g).15 +E(ain in dB o)-.05 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(ri).15 G(sotropic, and)-2.5 E F3 (NF)2.5 E F0(is the recei)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rn).15 G -(oise \214gure in dB.)-2.5 E F3(T)108 516 Q F0(may be computed as follo) -2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2(T)107.91 540 Q F4(=)4.07 E F2(TI)2.71 E F4(+)3.21 E -F2(GT)2.18 E F0(where)108 564 Q F3(TI)3.055 E F0 .555 +(oise \214gure in dB.)-2.5 E F3(T)108 156 Q F0(may be computed as follo) +2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1(T)107.91 180 Q F2(=)4.07 E F1(TI)2.71 E F2(+)3.21 E +F1(GT)2.18 E F0(where)108 204 Q F3(TI)3.055 E F0 .555 (is actual amount of RF po)3.055 F .555(wer deli)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .555(red to the transmitting antenna in dBW).15 F(,)-.92 E F3(GT)3.055 E -F0 .555(is the transmit-)3.055 F .669(ting antenna g)108 576 R .669 -(ain \(o)-.05 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.169(ri).15 G .669 -(sotropic\) in the direction of the recei)-3.169 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.17 -(r\().15 G .67(or the horizon if the recei)-3.17 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.17 -(ri).15 G 3.17(so)-3.17 G -.15(ve)-3.32 G 3.17(rt).15 G(he)-3.17 E -(horizon\).)108 588 Q 1.802 -.8(To c)108 612 T .202(ompute ho).8 F 2.702 -(wm)-.25 G .202(uch more signal is a)-2.702 F -.25(va)-.2 G .202 +F0 .555(is the transmit-)3.055 F .67(ting antenna g)108 216 R .67 +(ain \(o)-.05 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.17(ri).15 G .67 +(sotropic\) in the direction of the recei)-3.17 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.169 +(r\().15 G .669(or the horizon if the recei)-3.169 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.169(ri).15 G 3.169(so)-3.169 G -.15(ve)-3.319 G 3.169(rt).15 G(he) +-3.169 E(horizon\).)108 228 Q 1.801 -.8(To c)108 252 T .201(ompute ho).8 +F 2.701(wm)-.25 G .202(uch more signal is a)-2.701 F -.25(va)-.2 G .202 (ilable o).25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.702(rt).15 G .202 -(he minimum to necessary to achie)-2.702 F .501 -.15(ve a s)-.25 H .201 -(peci\214c signal-).15 F(to-noise ratio:)108 624 Q F2(Signal)108.33 648 -Q F0(_).51 E F2(Margin).68 E F4(=)3.04 E F2(SNR)3.13 E F4(-)2.47 E F2(S) -2.53 E F0(where)108 672 Q F3(S)2.5 E F0 -(is the minimum desired SNR ratio \(15.5 dB for A)2.5 E(TSC DTV)-1.11 E -2.5(,4)-1.29 G 2.5(2d)-2.5 G 2.5(Bf)-2.5 G(or analog NTSC tele)-2.5 E -(vision\).)-.25 E 2.61(At)108 696 S .11 -(opographic map may be generated by)-2.61 F F3(SPLA)2.611 E(T!)-.95 E F0 -.111(to visualize the path between the transmitter and recei)2.611 F --.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .099(sites from yet another perspecti)108 708 R --.15(ve)-.25 G 5.099(.T).15 G .099(opographic maps generated by)-5.899 F -F3(SPLA)2.598 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .098(display ele)2.598 F -.25(va)-.25 G -.098(tions using a log-).25 F .335(arithmic grayscale, with higher ele) -108 720 R -.25(va)-.25 G .335 +(he minimum to necessary to achie)-2.702 F .502 -.15(ve a s)-.25 H .202 +(peci\214c signal-).15 F(to-noise ratio:)108 264 Q F1(Signal)108.33 288 +Q F0(_).51 E F1(Margin).68 E F2(=)3.04 E F1(SNR)3.13 E F2(-)2.47 E F1(S) +2.53 E F0(where)108 312 Q F3(S)3.487 E F0 .987 +(is the minimum required SNR ratio \(15.5 dB for A)3.487 F .987 +(TSC \(8-VSB\) DTV)-1.11 F 3.486(,4)-1.29 G 3.486(2d)-3.486 G 3.486(Bf) +-3.486 G .986(or analog NTSC)-3.486 F(tele)108 324 Q(vision\).)-.25 E +2.61(At)108 348 S .11(opographic map may be generated by)-2.61 F F3 +(SPLA)2.611 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .111 +(to visualize the path between the transmitter and recei)2.611 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .099(sites from yet another perspecti)108 360 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 5.099(.T).15 G .099(opographic maps generated by)-5.899 F F3 +(SPLA)2.598 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .098(display ele)2.598 F -.25(va)-.25 G .098 +(tions using a log-).25 F .335(arithmic grayscale, with higher ele)108 +372 R -.25(va)-.25 G .335 (tions represented through brighter shades of gray).25 F 5.336(.T)-.65 G -.336(he dynamic range)-5.336 F(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 126.62(are 20)-.1 F -(January 2004)2.5 E(5)195.95 E EP -%%Page: 6 6 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F -(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E .257 -(of the image is scaled between the highest and lo)108 84 R .257 +.336(he dynamic range)-5.336 F .257 +(of the image is scaled between the highest and lo)108 384 R .257 (west ele)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .257(tions present in the map.).25 F -.257(The only e)5.257 F .257(xception to)-.15 F(this is sea-le)108 96 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G(l, which is represented in blue.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(SPLA)108 120 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 1.241 -(generated topographic maps are 24-bit T)3.74 F 1.241 -(rueColor Portable PixMap \(PPM\) images, and may be)-.35 F(vie)108 132 -Q 1.06(wed, edited, or con)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.06 -(rted to other graphic formats by popular image vie).15 F 1.06 -(wing applications such as)-.25 F F1(xv)3.56 E F0(,)A F1 1.66(The GIMP) -108 144 R F0(,)A F1(ImageMagick)4.16 E F0 4.16(,a)C(nd)-4.16 E F1(XP) -4.16 E(aint)-.1 E F0 6.66(.P)C 1.66 -(NG format is highly recommended for lossless compressed)-6.66 F .372 -(storage of)108 156 R F1(SPLA)2.872 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .372 -(generated topographic output \214les.)5.372 F .371(An e)5.372 F .371 -(xcellent command-line utility capable of con-)-.15 F -.15(ve)108 168 S -(rting).15 E F1(SPLA)12.216 E(T!)-.95 E F0 9.717 -(PPM graphic \214les to PNG \214les is)12.217 F F1(wpng)12.217 E F0 -12.217(,a)C 9.717(nd is a)-12.217 F -.25(va)-.2 G 9.717(ilable at:).25 F -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(http://www)108 180 Q(.libpng)-.74 E(.or)-.15 E -(g/pub/png/book/sour)-.37 E(ces.html)-.37 E F0 5.153(.A)C 2.653(sal) --5.153 G .153(ast resort, PPM \214les may be compressed using the)-2.653 -F .661(bzip2 utility)108 192 R 3.161(,a)-.65 G .661(nd read directly by) --3.161 F F1 .662(The GIMP)3.162 F F0 .662(in this format.)3.162 F -.8 -(To)5.662 G .662(pographic output is speci\214ed using the).8 F F2(-o) -3.162 E F0(switch:)108 204 Q/F3 10/Courier@0 SF -(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -o topo_map.ppm)108 228 Q F0(The)108 252 Q -F2(.ppm)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(tension on the output \214lename is assumed by).15 E F1(SPLA)2.5 E(T!) --.95 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd is optional.)-2.5 E .007(In this e)108 276 R -(xample,)-.15 E F2(topo_map.ppm)2.507 E F0 .007 -(will illustrate the locations of the transmitter and recei)2.507 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.506(rs).15 G .006(ites speci\214ed.)-2.506 F(In)5.006 E .22 -(addition, the great circle path between the tw)108 288 R 2.72(os)-.1 G +.257(The only e)5.257 F .257(xception to)-.15 F(this is sea-le)108 396 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G(l, which is represented using the color blue.).15 E -.8 +(To)108 420 S(pographic output is in).8 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5 +(du).1 G(sing the)-2.5 E F1(-o)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF +(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -o topo_map.ppm)108 444 Q F0(The)108 468 Q +F1(.ppm)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(tension on the output \214lename is assumed by).15 E F3(SPLA)2.5 E(T!) +-.95 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd is optional.)-2.5 E .006(In this e)108 492 R +(xample,)-.15 E F1(topo_map.ppm)2.506 E F0 .007 +(will illustrate the locations of the transmitter and recei)2.506 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.507(rs).15 G .007(ites speci\214ed.)-2.507 F(In)5.007 E .22 +(addition, the great circle path between the tw)108 504 R 2.72(os)-.1 G .22(ites will be dra)-2.72 F .22(wn o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.72(rl).15 -G .22(ocations for which an unobstructed)-2.72 F 1.209(path e)108 300 R +G .22(ocations for which an unobstructed)-2.72 F 1.208(path e)108 516 R 1.209(xists to the transmitter at a recei)-.15 F 1.209 (ving antenna height equal to that of the recei)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.709(rs).15 G 1.208(ite \(speci\214ed in)-3.709 F F2(rx_site)108 312 Q +3.709(rs).15 G 1.209(ite \(speci\214ed in)-3.709 F F1(rx_site)108 528 Q (.qth)-.15 E F0(\).)A .773(It may desirable to populate the topographic\ - map with names and locations of cities, to)108 336 R .773 -(wer sites, or other)-.25 F(important locations.)108 348 Q 2.5(Ac)5 G -(ity \214le may be passed to)-2.5 E F1(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0 -(using the)2.5 E F2(-s)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F3 -(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -s cities.dat -o topo_map)108 372 Q F0 -(Up to \214v)108 396 Q 2.5(es)-.15 G -(eparate city \214les may be passed to)-2.5 E F1(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0 -(at a time follo)2.5 E(wing the)-.25 E F2(-s)2.5 E F0(switch.)2.5 E .555 + map with names and locations of cities, to)108 552 R .773 +(wer sites, or other)-.25 F(important locations.)108 564 Q 2.5(Ac)5 G +(ity \214le may be passed to)-2.5 E F3(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0 +(using the)2.5 E F1(-s)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F4 +(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -s cities.dat -o topo_map)108 588 Q F0 +(Up to \214v)108 612 Q 2.5(es)-.15 G +(eparate city \214les may be passed to)-2.5 E F3(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0 +(at a time follo)2.5 E(wing the)-.25 E F1(-s)2.5 E F0(switch.)2.5 E .554 (County and state boundaries may be added to the map by specifying up t\ -o \214v)108 420 R 3.054(eU)-.15 G .554(.S. Census Bureau carto-)-3.054 F -(graphic boundary \214les using the)108 432 Q F2(-b)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 -E F3(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -b co34_d00.dat -o topo_map)108 456 Q -F0 1.063 +o \214v)108 636 R 3.055(eU)-.15 G .555(.S. Census Bureau carto-)-3.055 F +(graphic boundary \214les using the)108 648 Q F1(-b)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 +E F4(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -b co34_d00.dat -o topo_map)108 672 Q +F0 1.064 (In situations where multiple transmitter sites are in use, as man)108 -480 R 3.563(ya)-.15 G 3.563(sf)-3.563 G 1.064 -(our site locations may be passed to)-3.563 F F1(SPLA)108 492 Q(T!)-.95 -E F0(at a time for analysis:)2.5 E F3 -(splat -t tx_site1 tx_site2 tx_site3 tx_site4 -r rx_site -p profile.gif) -108 516 Q F0 .285(In this e)108 540 R .285(xample, four separate terrai\ -n pro\214les and obstruction reports will be generated by)-.15 F F1 -(SPLA)2.785 E(T!)-.95 E F0 5.285(.A)C(sin-)-2.5 E .508 -(gle topographic map can be speci\214ed using the)108 552 R F2(-o)3.009 -E F0 .509(switch, and line-of-sight paths between each transmitter)3.009 -F .817(and the recei)108 564 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.317(rs).15 G .816 -(ite indicated will be produced on the map, each in its o)-3.317 F .816 -(wn color)-.25 F 5.816(.T)-.55 G .816(he path between the)-5.816 F .766 -(\214rst transmitter speci\214ed to the recei)108 576 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.266(rw).15 G .767 -(ill be in green, the path between the second transmitter and the)-3.266 -F(recei)108 588 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.464(rw).15 G .964(ill be in c)-3.464 -F .964(yan, the path between the third transmitter and the recei)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.463(rw).15 G .963(ill be in violet, and the)-3.463 F -(path between the fourth transmitter and the recei)108 600 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.5(rw).15 G(ill be in sienna.)-2.5 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(DETERMINING REGION)72 616.8 Q(AL CO)-.219 E(VERA)-.548 E(GE)-.602 E F1 -(SPLA)108 628.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .098 -(can analyze a transmitter or repeater site, or netw)2.598 F .098 -(ork of sites, and predict the re)-.1 F .099(gional co)-.15 F -.15(ve) --.15 G .099(rage for).15 F .683(each site speci\214ed.)108 640.8 R .683 -(In this mode,)5.683 F F1(SPLA)3.183 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .682 -(can generate a topographic map displaying the geometric line-)3.183 F -.031(of-sight co)108 652.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G .031(rage area of the sites\ - based on the location of each site, and the height of recei).15 F .331 --.15(ve a)-.25 H .032(ntenna wish-).15 F .439 -(ing to communicate with the site in question.)108 664.8 R F1(SPLA)5.439 -E(T!)-.95 E F0 .438(switches from point-to-point analysis mode to area) -2.939 F(prediction mode when the)108 676.8 Q F2(-c)2.5 E F0 -(switch is in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(da).1 G 2.5(sf)-2.5 G -(ollo)-2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F3 -(splat -t tx_site -c 30.0 -s cities.dat -b co34_d00.dat -o tx_coverage) -108 700.8 Q F0 .269(In this e)108 724.8 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(SPLA)2.769 E -(T!)-.95 E F0 .269(generates a topographic map called)2.769 F F2(tx_co) -2.769 E(ver)-.1 E -.1(age)-.15 G(.ppm)-.05 E F0 .27 -(that illustrates the predicted)2.769 F(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 126.62 -(are 20)-.1 F(January 2004)2.5 E(6)195.95 E EP -%%Page: 7 7 +696 R 3.563(ya)-.15 G 3.563(sf)-3.563 G 1.063 +(our site locations may be passed to)-3.563 F F3(SPLA)108 708 Q(T!)-.95 +E F0(at a time for analysis:)2.5 E(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.625(are 20) +-.1 F(December 2006)2.5 E(7)190.955 E EP +%%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F -(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E 1.535 -(line-of-sight re)108 84 R 1.535(gional co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.535 -(rage of).15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(tx_site)4.035 E F0 1.535 -(to recei)4.035 F 1.535(ving locations ha)-.25 F 1.534 -(ving antennas 30.0 feet abo)-.2 F 1.834 -.15(ve g)-.15 H(round).15 E -(le)108 96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.507(l\().15 G -.4(AG)-2.507 G 2.507 -(L\). The).4 F .007(contents of)2.507 F F1(cities.dat)2.507 E F0 .008 -(are plotted on the map, as are the cartographic boundaries contained) -2.507 F(in the \214le)108 108 Q F1(co34_d00.dat)2.5 E F0(.)A .572 -(When plotting line-of-sight paths and areas of re)108 132 R .572 -(gional co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(rage,).15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA) -3.072 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .572(by def)3.072 F .572(ault does not account for) --.1 F .031(the ef)108 144 R .032(fects of atmospheric bending.)-.25 F -(Ho)5.032 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .832 -.4(r, t).15 H .032(his beha) -.4 F .032(vior may be modi\214ed by using the Earth radius mul-)-.2 F -(tiplier \()108 156 Q F1(-m)A F0 2.5(\)s)C(witch:)-2.5 E/F3 10/Courier@0 -SF(splat -t wnjt -c 30.0 -m 1.333 -s cities.dat -b counties.dat -o map.\ -ppm)108 180 Q F0 .428(An earth radius multiplier)108 204 R .428 -(of 1.333 instructs)5.428 F F2(SPLA)2.928 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .428 -(to use the "four)2.928 F .428(-thirds earth" model for line-of-sight) --.2 F(propag)108 216 Q(ation analysis.)-.05 E(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G +(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF +(splat -t tx_site1 tx_site2 tx_site3 tx_site4 -r rx_site -p profile.png) +108 84 Q F0 .285(In this e)108 108 R .285(xample, four separate terrain\ + pro\214les and obstruction reports will be generated by)-.15 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)2.785 E(T!)-.95 E F0 5.285(.A)C(sin-)-2.5 E .509 +(gle topographic map can be speci\214ed using the)108 120 R/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(-o)3.009 E F0 .508 +(switch, and line-of-sight paths between each transmitter)3.009 F .816 +(and the recei)108 132 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.316(rs).15 G .816 +(ite indicated will be produced on the map, each in its o)-3.316 F .817 +(wn color)-.25 F 5.817(.T)-.55 G .817(he path between the)-5.817 F .767 +(\214rst transmitter speci\214ed to the recei)108 144 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.267(rw).15 G .766 +(ill be in green, the path between the second transmitter and the)-3.267 +F(recei)108 156 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.463(rw).15 G .963(ill be in c)-3.463 +F .964(yan, the path between the third transmitter and the recei)-.15 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.464(rw).15 G .964(ill be in violet, and the)-3.464 F +(path between the fourth transmitter and the recei)108 168 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G 2.5(rw).15 G(ill be in sienna.)-2.5 E F2(SPLA)108 192 Q(T!)-.95 E +F0 .59(generated topographic maps are 24-bit T)3.09 F .59 +(rueColor Portable PixMap \(PPM\) images.)-.35 F(The)5.59 E 3.09(ym)-.15 +G .59(ay be)-3.09 F(vie)108 204 Q 1.06(wed, edited, or con)-.25 F -.15 +(ve)-.4 G 1.06(rted to other graphic formats by popular image vie).15 F +1.06(wing applications such as)-.25 F F2(xv)3.56 E F0(,)A F2 1.66 +(The GIMP)108 216 R F0(,)A F2(ImageMagick)4.16 E F0 4.16(,a)C(nd)-4.16 E +F2(XP)4.16 E(aint)-.1 E F0 6.66(.P)C 1.66 +(NG format is highly recommended for lossless compressed)-6.66 F .726 +(storage of)108 228 R F2(SPLA)3.226 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .726 +(generated topographic output \214les.)5.726 F F2(ImageMagick)5.726 E F0 +1.827 -.55('s c)D .727(ommand-line utility easily con-).55 F -.15(ve)108 +240 S(rts).15 E F2(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.1 -.55('s P)D +(PM \214les to PNG format:).55 E F1(convert splat_map.ppm splat_map.png) +108 264 Q F0 17.667(Another e)108 288 R 17.667 +(xcellent PPM to PNG command-line utility is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G +17.666(ilable at:).25 F F3(http://www)108 300 Q(.libpng)-.74 E(.or)-.15 +E(g/pub/png/book/sour)-.37 E(ces.html)-.37 E F0 5.152(.A)C 2.652(sal) +-5.152 G .153(ast resort, PPM \214les may be compressed using the)-2.652 +F(bzip2 utility)108 312 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd read directly by)-2.5 E F2 +(The GIMP)2.5 E F0(in this format.)2.5 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF +(REGION)72 328.8 Q(AL CO)-.219 E(VERA)-.548 E(GE AN)-.602 E(AL)-.219 E +(YSIS)-1.007 E F2(SPLA)108 340.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .098 +(can analyze a transmitter or repeater site, or netw)2.599 F .098 +(ork of sites, and predict the re)-.1 F .098(gional co)-.15 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G .098(rage for).15 F .682(each site speci\214ed.)108 352.8 R .682 +(In this mode,)5.682 F F2(SPLA)3.183 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .683 +(can generate a topographic map displaying the geometric line-)3.183 F +.163(of-sight co)108 364.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G .163(rage area of the sites\ + based on the location of each site and the height of recei).15 F .462 +-.15(ve a)-.25 H .162(ntenna wish-).15 F .438 +(ing to communicate with the site in question.)108 376.8 R F2(SPLA)5.439 +E(T!)-.95 E F0 .439(switches from point-to-point analysis mode to area) +2.939 F(prediction mode when the)108 388.8 Q F3(-c)2.5 E F0 +(switch is in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(da).1 G 2.5(sf)-2.5 G +(ollo)-2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 +(splat -t tx_site -c 30.0 -s cities.dat -b co34_d00.dat -o tx_coverage) +108 412.8 Q F0 .27(In this e)108 436.8 R(xample,)-.15 E F2(SPLA)2.77 E +(T!)-.95 E F0 .269(generates a topographic map called)2.769 F F3(tx_co) +2.769 E(ver)-.1 E -.1(age)-.15 G(.ppm)-.05 E F0 .269 +(that illustrates the predicted)2.769 F 1.534(line-of-sight re)108 448.8 +R 1.534(gional co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.534(rage of).15 F F3(tx_site) +4.034 E F0 1.535(to recei)4.034 F 1.535(ving locations ha)-.25 F 1.535 +(ving antennas 30.0 feet abo)-.2 F 1.835 -.15(ve g)-.15 H(round).15 E +(le)108 460.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.162(l\().15 G -.4(AG)-3.162 G 3.162 +(L\). If).4 F(the)3.162 E F3(-metric)3.162 E F0 .662 +(switch is used, the ar)3.162 F .662(gument follo)-.18 F .662(wing the) +-.25 F F3(-c)3.162 E F0 .661(switch is interpreted as being in)3.161 F +.162(meters, rather than in feet.)108 472.8 R .163(The contents of)5.163 +F F3(cities.dat)2.663 E F0 .163 +(are plotted on the map, as are the cartographic bound-)2.663 F +(aries contained in the \214le)108 484.8 Q F3(co34_d00.dat)2.5 E F0(.)A +.572(When plotting line-of-sight paths and areas of re)108 508.8 R .572 +(gional co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(rage,).15 E F2(SPLA)3.072 E(T!)-.95 E +F0 .572(by def)3.072 F .572(ault does not account for)-.1 F .031(the ef) +108 520.8 R .032(fects of atmospheric bending.)-.25 F(Ho)5.032 E(we)-.25 +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .832 -.4(r, t).15 H .032(his beha).4 F .032 +(vior may be modi\214ed by using the Earth radius mul-)-.2 F(tiplier \() +108 532.8 Q F3(-m)A F0 2.5(\)s)C(witch:)-2.5 E F1(splat -t wnjt -c 30.0\ + -m 1.333 -s cities.dat -b counties.dat -o map.ppm)108 556.8 Q F0 .595 +(An earth radius multiplier of 1.333 instructs)108 580.8 R F2(SPLA)3.095 +E(T!)-.95 E F0 .595(to use the "four)3.095 F .594 +(-thirds earth" model for line-of-sight)-.2 F(propag)108 592.8 Q +(ation analysis.)-.05 E(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G (ppropriate earth radius multiplier may be selected by the user)-2.5 E -(.)-.55 E .201(When in)108 240 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.701(di).1 G -2.701(na)-2.701 G .201(rea prediction mode,)-2.701 F F2(SPLA)2.701 E(T!) --.95 E F0 .202(generates a site report for each station analyzed.)2.701 -F F2(SPLA)5.202 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .659 -(site reports contain details of the site')108 252 R 3.159(sg)-.55 G +(.)-.55 E .201(When in)108 616.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.701(di).1 +G 2.701(na)-2.701 G .201(rea prediction mode,)-2.701 F F2(SPLA)2.701 E +(T!)-.95 E F0 .202(generates a site report for each station analyzed.) +2.701 F F2(SPLA)5.202 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .659 +(site reports contain details of the site')108 628.8 R 3.159(sg)-.55 G .659(eographic location, its height abo)-3.159 F .959 -.15(ve m)-.15 H .658(ean sea le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .658(l, the antenna').15 F(s)-.55 E -.612(height abo)108 264 R .912 -.15(ve m)-.15 H .612(ean sea le).15 F +.612(height abo)108 640.8 R .912 -.15(ve m)-.15 H .612(ean sea le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .612(l, the antenna').15 F 3.112(sh)-.55 G .612 (eight abo)-3.112 F .912 -.15(ve a)-.15 H -.15(ve)-.05 G .613 (rage terrain, and the height of the a).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G .613 (rage ter).15 F(-)-.2 E(rain calculated in the directions of 0, 45, 90,\ - 135, 180, 225, 270, and 315 de)108 276 Q(grees azimuth.)-.15 E .345 -(If the)108 300 R F1(-c)2.845 E F0 .345(switch is replaced by a)2.845 F -F1(-L)2.844 E F0 .344(switch, a Longle)2.844 F .344 -(y-Rice path loss map for a transmitter site may be gen-)-.15 F(erated:) -108 312 Q F3(splat -t tx_site -L 30.0 -s cities.dat -b co34_d00.dat -o \ -path_loss_map)108 336 Q F0 .977(In this mode,)108 360 R F2(SPLA)3.477 E -(T!)-.95 E F0 .977(generates a multi-color map illustrating e)3.477 F -.977(xpected signal le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .978 -(ls \(path loss\) in areas).15 F .997(surrounding the transmitter site.) -108 372 R 3.497(Al)5.997 G -.15(eg)-3.497 G .996 -(end at the bottom of the map correlates each color with a speci\214c) -.15 F .163(path loss le)108 384 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.663(li).15 G 2.663 -(nd)-2.663 G 2.663(ecibels. Since)-2.663 F(Longle)2.663 E .163 -(y-Rice area prediction map generation is quite CPU intensi)-.15 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.664(,p).15 G(ro-)-2.664 E .014 -(vision for limiting the analysis range is pro)108 396 R .014 -(vided by the)-.15 F F1(-R)2.514 E F0 2.514(switch. The)2.514 F(ar)2.514 -E .013(gument must be gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.513(ni).15 G 2.513(nm) --2.513 G 2.513(iles. If)-2.513 F 3.58(ar)108 408 S 1.08 -(ange wider than the generated topographic map is speci\214ed,)-3.58 F -F2(SPLA)3.58 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.08(will perform Longle)3.58 F 1.08 -(y-Rice path)-.15 F -(loss calculations between all four corners of the area prediction map.) -108 420 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(DETERMINING MUL)72 436.8 Q -(TIPLE REGIONS OF CO)-1.007 E(VERA)-.548 E(GE)-.602 E F2(SPLA)108 448.8 -Q(T!)-.95 E F0 1.087(can also display line-of-sight co)3.587 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 1.086(rage areas for as man).15 F 3.586(ya)-.15 G 3.586(sf)-3.586 -G 1.086(our separate transmitter sites on a)-3.586 F -(common topographic map.)108 460.8 Q -.15(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample:) --2.65 E F3(splat -t site1 site2 site3 site4 -c 30.0 -o network.ppm)108 -484.8 Q F0 .686(plots the re)108 508.8 R .687(gional line-of-sight co) --.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .687 -(rage of site1, site2, site3, and site4 based on a recei).15 F .987 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H .687(ntenna located).15 F .277(30.0 feet abo)108 520.8 R -.577 -.15(ve g)-.15 H .277(round le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.776(l. A).15 -F .276(topographic map is then written to the \214le)2.776 F F1 -(network.ppm)2.776 E F0 5.276(.T)C .276(he line-of-sight)-5.276 F(co)108 -532.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G .2 -(rage area of the transmitters are plotted as follo).15 F .2 -(ws in the colors indicated \(along with their correspond-)-.25 F -(ing RGB v)108 544.8 Q(alues in decimal\):)-.25 E F3 -(site1: Green \(0,255,0\))132 568.8 Q(site2: Cyan \(0,255,255\))132 -580.8 Q(site3: Medium Violet \(147,112,219\))132 592.8 Q -(site4: Sienna 1 \(255,130,71\))132 604.8 Q -(site1 + site2: Yellow \(255,255,0\))132 628.8 Q -(site1 + site3: Pink \(255,192,203\))132 640.8 Q -(site1 + site4: Green Yellow \(173,255,47\))132 652.8 Q -(site2 + site3: Orange \(255,165,0\))132 664.8 Q -(site2 + site4: Dark Sea Green 1 \(193,255,193\))132 676.8 Q -(site3 + site4: Dark Turquoise \(0,206,209\))132 688.8 Q -(site1 + site2 + site3: Dark Green \(0,100,0\))132 712.8 Q -(site1 + site2 + site4: Blanched Almond \(255,235,205\))132 724.8 Q F0 -(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 126.62(are 20)-.1 F(January 2004)2.5 E(7)195.95 E -EP -%%Page: 8 8 + 135, 180, 225, 270, and 315 de)108 652.8 Q(grees azimuth.)-.15 E F4 +(DETERMINING MUL)72 669.6 Q(TIPLE REGIONS OF LOS CO)-1.007 E(VERA)-.548 +E(GE)-.602 E F2(SPLA)108 681.6 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 1.087 +(can also display line-of-sight co)3.587 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.086 +(rage areas for as man).15 F 3.586(ya)-.15 G 3.586(sf)-3.586 G 1.086 +(our separate transmitter sites on a)-3.586 F(common topographic map.) +108 693.6 Q -.15(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E F1 +(splat -t site1 site2 site3 site4 -c 10.0 -metric -o network.ppm)108 +717.6 Q F0(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.625(are 20)-.1 F(December 2006)2.5 E +(8)190.955 E EP +%%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F -(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF -(site1 + site3 + site4: Medium Spring Green \(0,250,154\))132 84 Q -(site2 + site3 + site4: Tan \(210,180,140\))132 96 Q -(site1 + site2 + site3 + site4: Gold2 \(238,201,0\))132 120 Q F0 .247 -(If separate)108 144 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(.qth)2.747 E F0 .247 +(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E .686(plots the re) +108 84 R .687(gional line-of-sight co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .687 +(rage of site1, site2, site3, and site4 based on a recei).15 F .987 -.15 +(ve a)-.25 H .687(ntenna located).15 F .763(10.0 meters abo)108 96 R +1.063 -.15(ve g)-.15 H .763(round le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.263(l. A).15 +F .762(topographic map is then written to the \214le)3.263 F/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(network.ppm)3.262 E F0 5.762(.T)C .762(he line-of-) +-5.762 F .302(sight co)108 108 R -.15(ve)-.15 G .302 +(rage area of the transmitters are plotted as follo).15 F .303 +(ws in the colors indicated \(along with their corre-)-.25 F +(sponding RGB v)108 120 Q(alues in decimal\):)-.25 E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF +(site1: Green \(0,255,0\))132 144 Q(site2: Cyan \(0,255,255\))132 156 Q +(site3: Medium Violet \(147,112,219\))132 168 Q +(site4: Sienna 1 \(255,130,71\))132 180 Q +(site1 + site2: Yellow \(255,255,0\))132 204 Q +(site1 + site3: Pink \(255,192,203\))132 216 Q +(site1 + site4: Green Yellow \(173,255,47\))132 228 Q +(site2 + site3: Orange \(255,165,0\))132 240 Q +(site2 + site4: Dark Sea Green 1 \(193,255,193\))132 252 Q +(site3 + site4: Dark Turquoise \(0,206,209\))132 264 Q +(site1 + site2 + site3: Dark Green \(0,100,0\))132 288 Q +(site1 + site2 + site4: Blanched Almond \(255,235,205\))132 300 Q +(site1 + site3 + site4: Medium Spring Green \(0,250,154\))132 312 Q +(site2 + site3 + site4: Tan \(210,180,140\))132 324 Q +(site1 + site2 + site3 + site4: Gold2 \(238,201,0\))132 348 Q F0 .247 +(If separate)108 372 R F1(.qth)2.747 E F0 .247 (\214les are generated, each representing a common site location b)2.747 F .247(ut a dif)-.2 F .246(ferent antenna height,)-.25 F 3.535(as)108 -156 S 1.035(ingle topographic map illustrating the re)-3.535 F 1.036 +384 S 1.035(ingle topographic map illustrating the re)-3.535 F 1.036 (gional co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.036(rage from as man).15 F 3.536(ya) -.15 G 3.536(sf)-3.536 G 1.036(our separate locations on a)-3.536 F -(single to)108 168 Q(wer may be generated by)-.25 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0(.)A/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.197(TO)72 -184.8 S(POGRAPHIC MAP GENERA).197 E(TION)-1.04 E F0 .52(In certain situ\ -ations, it may be desirable to generate a topographic map of a re)108 -196.8 R .519(gion without plotting co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -.2(r-).15 G -1.006 -(age areas, line-of-sight paths, or generating obstruction reports.)108 -208.8 R 1.007(There are se)6.007 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.007(ral w).15 F -1.007(ays of doing this.)-.1 F(If)6.007 E .814(one wishes to generate a\ +(single to)108 396 Q(wer may be generated by)-.25 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0(.)A/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(LONGLEY)72 412.8 +Q(-RICE P)-1.007 E -1.04(AT)-.81 G 2.738(HL)1.04 G(OSS AN)-2.738 E(AL) +-.219 E(YSIS)-1.007 E F0 .345(If the)108 424.8 R F1(-c)2.845 E F0 .345 +(switch is replaced by a)2.845 F F1(-L)2.844 E F0 .344(switch, a Longle) +2.844 F .344(y-Rice path loss map for a transmitter site may be gen-) +-.15 F(erated:)108 436.8 Q F2 +(splat -t wnjt -L 30.0 -s cities.dat -b co34_d00.dat -o path_loss_map) +108 460.8 Q F0 .977(In this mode,)108 484.8 R F3(SPLA)3.477 E(T!)-.95 E +F0 .977(generates a multi-color map illustrating e)3.477 F .977 +(xpected signal le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .978(ls \(path loss\) in areas) +.15 F .997(surrounding the transmitter site.)108 496.8 R 3.497(Al)5.997 +G -.15(eg)-3.497 G .996 +(end at the bottom of the map correlates each color with a speci\214c) +.15 F(path loss range in decibels.)108 508.8 Q .63(The Longle)108 532.8 +R .63(y-Rice analysis range may be modi\214ed to a user)-.15 F .63 +(-speci\214c v)-.2 F .63(alue using the)-.25 F F1(-R)3.13 E F0 3.13 +(switch. The)3.13 F(ar)3.13 E(gu-)-.18 E .523(ment must be gi)108 544.8 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.023(ni).15 G 3.023(nm)-3.023 G .523 +(iles \(or kilometers if the)-3.023 F F1(-metric)3.023 E F0 .522 +(switch is used\).)3.022 F .522(If a range wider than the gener)5.522 F +(-)-.2 E .926(ated topographic map is speci\214ed,)108 556.8 R F3(SPLA) +3.426 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .926(will perform Longle)3.426 F .926 +(y-Rice path loss calculations between all)-.15 F +(four corners of the area prediction map.)108 568.8 Q(The)108 592.8 Q F1 +(-db)3.345 E F0 .845(switch allo)3.345 F .845 +(ws a constraint to be placed on the maximum path loss re)-.25 F .844 +(gion plotted on the map.)-.15 F(A)5.844 E .21(maximum path loss betwee\ +n 80 and 230 dB may be speci\214ed using this switch.)108 604.8 R -.15 +(Fo)5.21 G 2.71(re).15 G .21(xample, if a path loss)-2.86 F(be)108 616.8 +Q .396(yond -140 dB is irrele)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .395(nt to the surv) +.25 F .695 -.15(ey b)-.15 H .395(eing conducted,).15 F F3(SPLA)2.895 E +(T!)-.95 E F0 1.495 -.55('s p)D .395 +(ath loss plot can be constrained to).55 F(the re)108 628.8 Q +(gion bounded by the 140 dB attenuation contour as follo)-.15 E(ws:)-.25 +E F2(splat -t wnjt -L 30.0 -s cities.dat -b co34_d00.dat -db 140 -o plo\ +t.ppm)108 652.8 Q F4(ANTENN)72 681.6 Q 2.738(AR)-.219 G(ADIA)-2.738 E +(TION P)-1.04 E -1.04(AT)-.81 G(TERN P)1.04 E(ARAMETERS)-.81 E F0 .976 +(Normalized \214eld v)108 693.6 R .977 +(oltage patterns for a transmitting antenna')-.2 F 3.477(sh)-.55 G .977 +(orizontal and v)-3.477 F .977(ertical planes are imported)-.15 F .588 +(automatically into)108 705.6 R F3(SPLA)3.088 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .588 +(when a Longle)3.088 F .588(y-Rice co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .588 +(rage analysis is performed.).15 F .587(Antenna pattern data is)5.587 F +.804(read from a pair of \214les ha)108 717.6 R .805 +(ving the same base name as the transmitter and LRP \214les, b)-.2 F +.805(ut with)-.2 F F1(.az)3.305 E F0(and)3.305 E F1(.el)3.305 E F0 -.15 +(ex)108 729.6 S .308(tensions for azimuth and ele).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G +.308(tion pattern \214les, respecti).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.307 +(.S)-.65 G .307(peci\214cations re)-5.307 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .307 +(rding pattern rotation \(if).05 F(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.625(are 20) +-.1 F(December 2006)2.5 E(9)190.955 E EP +%%Page: 10 10 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F +(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E(an)108 84 Q .45 +(y\) and mechanical beam tilt and tilt direction \(if an)-.15 F .451 +(y\) are also contained within)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)2.951 E +(T!)-.95 E F0 .451(antenna pattern)2.951 F(\214les.)108 96 Q -.15(Fo)108 +120 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the \214rst fe)-2.65 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G +(ines of a)-2.5 E F1(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0 +(azimuth pattern \214le might appear as follo)2.5 E(ws \()-.25 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(kvea.az)A F0(\):)A/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(183.0)156 144 Q +42(00)156 156 S(.8950590)-42 E 42(10)156 168 S(.8966406)-42 E 42(20)156 +180 S(.8981447)-42 E 42(30)156 192 S(.8995795)-42 E 42(40)156 204 S +(.9009535)-42 E 42(50)156 216 S(.9022749)-42 E 42(60)156 228 S(.9035517) +-42 E 42(70)156 240 S(.9047923)-42 E 42(80)156 252 S(.9060051)-42 E F0 +1.778(The \214rst line of the)108 276 R F2(.az)4.278 E F0 1.777(\214le \ +speci\214es the amount of azimuthal pattern rotation \(measured clockwi\ +se in)4.278 F(de)108 288 Q .062(grees from T)-.15 F .062 +(rue North\) to be applied by)-.35 F F1(SPLA)2.562 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .063 +(to the data contained in the)2.562 F F2(.az)2.563 E F0 2.563 +(\214le. This)2.563 F .063(is follo)2.563 F .063(wed by)-.25 F .871 +(azimuth headings \(0 to 360 de)108 300 R .871(grees\) and their associ\ +ated normalized \214eld patterns \(0.000 to 1.000\) sepa-)-.15 F +(rated by whitespace.)108 312 Q .068(The structure of)108 336 R F1(SPLA) +2.569 E(T!)-.95 E F0(ele)2.569 E -.25(va)-.25 G .069 +(tion pattern \214les is slightly dif).25 F 2.569(ferent. The)-.25 F +.069(\214rst line of the)2.569 F F2(.el)2.569 E F0 .069 +(\214le speci\214es the)2.569 F .892 +(amount of mechanical beam tilt applied to the antenna.)108 348 R .892 +(Note that a)5.892 F F2(downwar)3.392 E 3.392(dt)-.37 G(ilt)-3.392 E F0 +(\(belo)3.391 E 3.391(wt)-.25 G .891(he horizon\) is)-3.391 F -.15(ex) +108 360 S 1.101(pressed as a).15 F F2 1.101(positive angle)3.601 F F0 +3.601(,w)C 1.101(hile an)-3.601 F F2(upwar)3.601 E 3.601(dt)-.37 G(ilt) +-3.601 E F0(\(abo)3.601 E 1.401 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.101 +(he horizon\) is e).15 F 1.101(xpressed as a)-.15 F F2(ne)3.602 E 1.102 +(gative angle)-.4 F F0(.)A(This data is follo)108 372 Q +(wed by the azimuthal direction of the tilt, separated by whitespace.) +-.25 E .437(The remainder of the \214le consists of ele)108 396 R -.25 +(va)-.25 G .436(tion angles and their corresponding normalized v).25 F +.436(oltage radiation)-.2 F .247(pattern \(0.000 to 1.000\) v)108 408 R +.247(alues separated by whitespace.)-.25 F(Ele)5.247 E -.25(va)-.25 G +.248(tion angles must be speci\214ed o).25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.748(ra-) +.15 G .248(10.0 to)-2.748 F .131(+90.0 de)108 420 R .131(gree range.) +-.15 F .131(As w)5.131 F .131(as the con)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .131 +(ntion with mechanical beamtilt,).15 F F2(ne)2.631 E .13(gative ele)-.4 +F .13(vation angles)-.15 F F0 .13(are used to)2.63 F(represent ele)108 +432 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(tions).25 E F2(abo)2.5 E(ve the horizon)-.1 E F0 +2.5(,w)C(hile)-2.5 E F2(positive angles)2.5 E F0(represents ele)2.5 E +-.25(va)-.25 G(tions).25 E F2(below the horizon)2.5 E F0(.)A -.15(Fo)108 +456 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the \214rst fe)-2.65 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ines a) +-2.5 E F1(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0(ele)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G +(tion pattern \214le might appear as follo).25 E(ws \()-.25 E F2 +(kvea.el)A F0(\):)A F3 18(1.1 130.0)156 480 R 12(-10.0 0.172)150 492 R +18(-9.5 0.109)150 504 R 18(-9.0 0.115)150 516 R 18(-8.5 0.155)150 528 R +18(-8.0 0.157)150 540 R 18(-7.5 0.104)150 552 R 18(-7.0 0.029)150 564 R +18(-6.5 0.109)150 576 R 18(-6.0 0.185)150 588 R F0 1.538(In this e)108 +612 R 1.538(xample, the antenna is mechanically tilted do)-.15 F(wnw) +-.25 E 1.538(ard 1.1 de)-.1 F 1.538(grees to)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.25 G 1.538 +(rds an azimuth of 130.0).1 F(de)108 624 Q(grees.)-.15 E -.15(Fo)108 648 +S 3.447(rb).15 G .946(est results, the resolution of azimuth pattern da\ +ta should be speci\214ed to the nearest de)-3.447 F .946(gree azimuth,) +-.15 F 1.299(and ele)108 660 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.299(tion pattern data r\ +esolution should be speci\214ed to the nearest 0.01 de).25 F 3.8 +(grees. If)-.15 F 1.3(the pattern data)3.8 F .55 +(speci\214ed does not reach this le)108 672 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.049(lo) +.15 G 3.049(fr)-3.049 G(esolution,)-3.049 E F1(SPLA)3.049 E(T!)-.95 E F0 +.549(will interpolate the v)3.049 F .549(alues pro)-.25 F .549 +(vided to determine)-.15 F(the data at the required resolution, althoug\ +h this may result in a loss in accurac)108 684 Q -.65(y.)-.15 G +(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.625(are 20)-.1 F(December 2006)2.5 E(10) +185.955 E EP +%%Page: 11 11 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F +(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(IMPOR)72 84 Q(TING AND EXPOR)-.438 E(TING REGION)-.438 +E(AL P)-.219 E -1.04(AT)-.81 G 2.738(HL)1.04 G(OSS CONT)-2.738 E(OUR D) +-.197 E -1.644 -1.04(AT A)-.383 H F0 .254(Performing a Longle)108 96 R +.254(y-Rice co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .254(rage analysis can be a v).15 F +.254(ery time consuming process, especially if the anal-)-.15 F .936 +(ysis is repeated repeatedly to disco)108 108 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.436(rw) +.15 G .936(hat ef)-3.436 F .935 +(fects changes to the antenna radiation patterns mak)-.25 F 3.435(et)-.1 +G 3.435(ot)-3.435 G(he)-3.435 E(predicted co)108 120 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G +(rage area.).15 E .721(This process can be e)108 144 R .722 +(xpedited by e)-.15 F .722(xporting the Longle)-.15 F .722(y-Rice re) +-.15 F .722(gional path loss contour data to an output)-.15 F .776 +(\214le, modifying the path loss data e)108 156 R .775 +(xternally to incorporate antenna pattern ef)-.15 F .775 +(fects, and then importing the)-.25 F +(modi\214ed path loss data back into)108 168 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0(to rapidly produce a re)5 E +(vised path loss map.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 192 S 3.253(re).15 G .753 +(xample, a path loss output \214le can be generated by)-3.403 F F2(SPLA) +3.253 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .753(for a recei)5.753 F 1.053 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +.754(ite 30 feet abo).15 F 1.054 -.15(ve g)-.15 H(round).15 E(le)108 204 +Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.998(lo).15 G -.15(ve)-3.148 G 2.998(ra5).15 G 2.998 +(0m)-2.998 G .497(ile radius surrounding a transmitter site to a maximu\ +m path loss of 140 dB using the fol-)-2.998 F(lo)108 216 Q(wing syntax:) +-.25 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF +(splat -t kvea -L 30.0 -R 50.0 -db 140 -plo pathloss.dat)108 240 Q F2 +(SPLA)108 264 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .044(path loss output \214les often e)2.544 +F .044(xceed 100 me)-.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .044(bytes in size.).05 F(The) +5.045 E 2.545(yc)-.15 G .045(ontain information relating to the)-2.545 F +2.58(boundaries of re)108 276 R 2.58(gion the)-.15 F 5.08(yd)-.15 G 2.58 +(escribe follo)-5.08 F 2.58(wed by latitudes \(de)-.25 F 2.58 +(grees North\), longitudes \(de)-.15 F 2.58(grees W)-.15 F(est\),)-.8 E +.655(azimuths, ele)108 288 R -.25(va)-.25 G .656(tions \(to the \214rst\ + obstruction\), and path loss \214gures \(dB\) for a series of speci\ +\214c points that).25 F .542(comprise the re)108 300 R .542 +(gion surrounding the transmitter site.)-.15 F .542(The \214rst fe)5.542 +F 3.042(wl)-.25 G .542(ines of a)-3.042 F F2(SPLA)3.042 E(T!)-.95 E F0 +.541(path loss output \214le)3.041 F(tak)108 312 Q 2.5(eo)-.1 G 2.5(nt) +-2.5 G(he follo)-2.5 E(wing appearance \()-.25 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(pathloss.dat)A F0(\):)A F3(119, 117)156 336 Q 6(;m)24 G +(ax_west, min_west)-6 E(35, 33)156 348 Q 6(;m)36 G(ax_north, min_north) +-6 E(34.2265434, 118.0631104, 48.171, -37.461, 67.70)156 360 Q +(34.2270355, 118.0624390, 48.262, -26.212, 73.72)156 372 Q +(34.2280197, 118.0611038, 48.269, -14.951, 79.74)156 384 Q +(34.2285156, 118.0604401, 48.207, -11.351, 81.68)156 396 Q +(34.2290077, 118.0597687, 48.240, -10.518, 83.26)156 408 Q +(34.2294998, 118.0591049, 48.225, 23.201, 84.60)156 420 Q +(34.2304878, 118.0577698, 48.213, 15.769, 137.84)156 432 Q +(34.2309799, 118.0570984, 48.234, 15.965, 151.54)156 444 Q +(34.2314720, 118.0564346, 48.224, 16.520, 149.45)156 456 Q +(34.2319679, 118.0557632, 48.223, 15.588, 151.61)156 468 Q +(34.2329521, 118.0544281, 48.230, 13.889, 135.45)156 480 Q +(34.2334442, 118.0537643, 48.223, 11.693, 137.37)156 492 Q +(34.2339401, 118.0530930, 48.222, 14.050, 126.32)156 504 Q +(34.2344322, 118.0524292, 48.216, 16.274, 156.28)156 516 Q +(34.2354164, 118.0510941, 48.222, 15.058, 152.65)156 528 Q +(34.2359123, 118.0504227, 48.221, 16.215, 158.57)156 540 Q +(34.2364044, 118.0497589, 48.216, 15.024, 157.30)156 552 Q +(34.2368965, 118.0490875, 48.225, 17.184, 156.36)156 564 Q F0 .134 +(It is not uncommon for)108 588 R F2(SPLA)2.634 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .135 +(path loss \214les to contain as man)2.635 F 2.635(ya)-.15 G 2.635(s3m) +-2.635 G .135(illion or more lines of data.)-2.635 F(Com-)5.135 E 1.165 +(ments can be placed in the \214le if the)108 600 R 3.664(ya)-.15 G +1.164(re proceeded by a semicolon character)-3.664 F 6.164(.T)-.55 G(he) +-6.164 E F2(vim)3.664 E F0(te)3.664 E 1.164(xt editor has)-.15 F(pro)108 +612 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(nc).15 G +(apable of editing \214les of this size.)-2.5 E .807(Note as w)108 636 R +.807(as the case in the antenna pattern \214les, ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G +(ti).05 E 1.107 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(le).15 E -.25(va)-.25 G .807 +(tion angles refer to upw).25 F .808(ard tilt \(abo)-.1 F 1.108 -.15 +(ve t)-.15 H(he).15 E .94(horizon\), while positi)108 648 R 1.24 -.15 +(ve a)-.25 H .94(ngles refer to do).15 F(wnw)-.25 E .94(ard tilt \(belo) +-.1 F 3.44(wt)-.25 G .94(he horizon\).)-3.44 F .94 +(These angles refer to the ele-)5.94 F -.25(va)108 660 S 1.075 +(tion to the recei).25 F 1.075(ving antenna at the height abo)-.25 F +1.376 -.15(ve g)-.15 H 1.076(round le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.576(ls).15 +G 1.076(peci\214ed using the)-3.576 F F4(-L)3.576 E F0(switch)3.576 E F4 +(if)3.576 E F0 1.076(the path)3.576 F 2.35 +(between transmitter and recei)108 672 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.85(ri).15 G +4.85(su)-4.85 G 4.85(nobstructed. If)-4.85 F 2.35 +(the path between the transmitter and recei)4.85 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.85 +(ri).15 G(s)-4.85 E .009(obstructed, then the ele)108 684 R -.25(va)-.25 +G .009(tion angle to the \214rst obstruction is returned by).25 F F2 +(SPLA)2.51 E(T!)-.95 E F0 5.01(.T)C .01(his is because the Lon-)-5.01 F +(gle)108 696 Q .262(y-Rice model considers the ener)-.15 F .262 +(gy reaching a distant point o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.762(ra).15 G +2.762(no)-2.762 G .262(bstructed path as a deri)-2.762 F -.25(va)-.25 G +(ti).25 E .561 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 2.761(ft).15 G(he)-2.761 E(ener)108 708 +Q .489(gy scattered from the top of the \214rst obstruction, only)-.18 F +5.489(.S)-.65 G .489(ince ener)-5.489 F .489 +(gy cannot reach the obstructed loca-)-.18 F(tion directly)108 720 Q 2.5 +(,t)-.65 G(he actual ele)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G +(tion angle to that point is irrele).25 E -.25(va)-.25 G(nt.).25 E +(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.625(are 20)-.1 F(December 2006)2.5 E(11) +185.955 E EP +%%Page: 12 12 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F +(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E 1.142 +(When modifying)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)3.642 E(T!)-.95 E F0 +1.141(path loss \214les to re\215ect antenna pattern data,)3.642 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.141(only the last column \(path loss\))3.641 F F0 +.233(should be amended to re\215ect the antenna')108 96 R 2.733(sn)-.55 +G .233(ormalized g)-2.733 F .233(ain at the azimuth and ele)-.05 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G .234(tion angles speci\214ed in).25 F .395(the \214le.)108 +108 R .395(\(At this time, programs and scripts capable of performing t\ +his operation are left as an e)5.395 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .395(rcise for).15 +F(the user)108 120 Q(.\))-.55 E +(Modi\214ed path loss maps can be imported back into)108 144 Q F1(SPLA) +2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0(for generating re)2.5 E(vised co)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 +G(rage maps:).15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF +(splat -t kvea -pli pathloss.dat -s city.dat -b county.dat -o map.ppm) +108 168 Q F1(SPLA)108 192 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .006 +(path loss \214les can also be used for conducting co)2.506 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G .007(rage or interference studies outside of).15 F F1(SPLA)2.507 +E(T!)-.95 E F0(.)A/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF +(USER-DEFINED TERRAIN INPUT FILES)72 208.8 Q F0 3.542(Au)108 220.8 S +(ser)-3.542 E 1.042(-de\214ned terrain \214le is a user)-.2 F 1.041 +(-generated te)-.2 F 1.041 +(xt \214le containing latitudes, longitudes, and heights abo)-.15 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 1.072(ground le)108 232.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.572(lo).15 G +3.572(fs)-3.572 G 1.072(peci\214c terrain features belie)-3.572 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.572(dt).15 G 3.572(ob)-3.572 G 3.573(eo)-3.572 G 3.573(fi) +-3.573 G 1.073(mportance to the)-3.573 F F1(SPLA)3.573 E(T!)-.95 E F0 +1.073(analysis being con-)3.573 F .602(ducted, b)108 244.8 R .601 +(ut noticeably absent from the SDF \214les being used.)-.2 F 3.101(Au) +5.601 G(ser)-3.101 E .601(-de\214ned terrain \214le is imported into a) +-.2 F F1(SPLA)108 256.8 Q(T!)-.95 E F0(analysis using the)2.5 E F2(-udt) +2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F3 +(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -udt udt_file.txt -o map.ppm)114 280.8 Q F0 +2.5(Au)108 304.8 S(ser)-2.5 E(-de\214ned terrain \214le has the follo) +-.2 E(wing appearance and structure:)-.25 E F3 +(40.32180556, 74.1325, 100.0 meters)150 328.8 Q +(40.321805, 74.1315, 300.0)150 340.8 Q +(40.3218055, 74.1305, 100.0 meters)150 352.8 Q F0 -.7(Te)108 376.8 S +1.42(rrain height is interpreted as being described in feet abo).7 F +1.72 -.15(ve g)-.15 H 1.42(round le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.92(lu).15 G +1.42(nless follo)-3.92 F 1.42(wed by the w)-.25 F(ord)-.1 E F2(meter)108 +388.8 Q(s)-.1 E F0 3.329(,a)C .829(nd is added)-3.329 F F2 .829 +(on top of)3.329 F F0 .829 +(the terrain speci\214ed in the SDF data for the locations speci\214ed.) +3.329 F .828(Be a)5.829 F -.1(wa)-.15 G(re).1 E 1.06(that each user)108 +400.8 R 1.061(-de\214ned terrain feature speci\214ed will be interprete\ +d as being 3-arc seconds in both latitude)-.2 F .282(and longitude.)108 +412.8 R .282(Features described in the user)5.282 F .281 +(-de\214ned terrain \214le that o)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .281(rlap pre).15 +F .281(viously de\214ned features in)-.25 F(the \214le are ignored by) +108 424.8 Q F1(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0(.)A F4(SIMPLE T)72 441.6 Q +(OPOGRAPHIC MAP GENERA)-.197 E(TION)-1.04 E F0 .034(In certain situatio\ +ns it may be desirable to generate a topographic map of a re)108 453.6 R +.035(gion without plotting co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(rage).15 E .97 +(areas, line-of-sight paths, or generating obstruction reports.)108 +465.6 R .969(There are se)5.969 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .969(ral w).15 F .969 +(ays of doing this.)-.1 F .969(If one)5.969 F .162(wishes to generate a\ topographic map illustrating the location of a transmitter and recei) -108 220.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.314(rs).15 G .814(ite along)-3.314 F 1.175 -(with a brief te)108 232.8 R 1.176(xt report describing the locations a\ -nd distances between the sites, the)-.15 F F2(-n)3.676 E F0 1.176 -(switch should be)3.676 F(in)108 244.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5 -(da).1 G 2.5(sf)-2.5 G(ollo)-2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 -(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -n -o topo_map.ppm)108 268.8 Q F0(If no te) -108 292.8 Q(xt report is desired, then the)-.15 E F2(-N)2.5 E F0 -(switch is used:)2.5 E F1 -(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -N -o topo_map.ppm)108 316.8 Q F0 .061 -(If the)108 340.8 R F2(-o)2.561 E F0 .061 -(switch and output \214lename are omitted when using either the)2.561 F -F2(-n)2.56 E F0(or)2.56 E F2(-N)2.56 E F0 .06 -(switches, output is written to)2.56 F 2.5<618c>108 352.8 S(le named) --2.5 E F2(map.ppm)2.5 E F0(in the current w)2.5 E -(orking directory by def)-.1 E(ault.)-.1 E F4(DETERMIN)72 369.6 Q -1.04 -(AT)-.219 G(ION OF ANTENN)1.04 E 2.738(AH)-.219 G(EIGHT ABO)-2.738 E -(VE A)-.548 E(VERA)-1.588 E(GE TERRAIN)-.602 E F3(SPLA)108 381.6 Q(T!) +108 477.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.662(rs).15 G .162(ite along with a)-2.662 F +.139(brief te)108 489.6 R .139(xt report describing the locations and d\ +istances between the sites, the)-.15 F F2(-n)2.639 E F0 .138 +(switch should be in)2.639 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.638(da).1 G(s) +-2.638 E(follo)108 501.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F3 +(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -n -o topo_map.ppm)108 525.6 Q F0(If no te) +108 549.6 Q(xt report is desired, then the)-.15 E F2(-N)2.5 E F0 +(switch is used:)2.5 E F3 +(splat -t tx_site -r rx_site -N -o topo_map.ppm)108 573.6 Q F0 .994(If \ +a topographic map centered about a single site out to a minimum speci\ +\214ed radius is desired instead, a)108 597.6 R +(command similar to the follo)108 609.6 Q(wing can be used:)-.25 E F3 +(splat -t tx_site -R 50.0 -s NJ_Cities -b NJ_Counties -o topo_map.ppm) +108 633.6 Q F0(where -R speci\214es the minimum radius of the map in mi\ +les \(or kilometers if the)108 657.6 Q F2(-metric)2.5 E F0 +(switch is used\).)2.5 E .592(If the)108 681.6 R F2(-o)3.092 E F0 .592(\ +switch and output \214lename are omitted in these operations, topograph\ +ic output is written to a \214le)3.092 F(named)108 693.6 Q F2(map.ppm) +2.5 E F0(in the current w)2.5 E(orking directory by def)-.1 E(ault.)-.1 +E(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.625(are 20)-.1 F(December 2006)2.5 E(12) +185.955 E EP +%%Page: 13 13 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F +(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E/F1 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(GEOREFERENCE FILE GENERA)72 84 Q(TION)-1.04 E F0 -.8 +(To)108 96 S .849(pographic, co).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .849(rage \().15 F +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(-c)A F0 .849(\), and path loss contour \()B F2 +(-L)A F0 3.349(\)m)C .849(aps generated by)-3.349 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(SPLA)3.35 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .85(may be imported into)3.35 F F3(Xastir) +108 108 Q F0 .176(\(X Amateur Station T)2.676 F .175 +(racking and Information Reporting\) softw)-.35 F .175 +(are by generating a georeference \214le)-.1 F(using)108 120 Q F3(SPLA) +2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0 -.55('s)C F2(-g)3.05 E(eo)-.1 E F0(switch:)2.5 E/F4 +10/Courier@0 SF +(splat -t kd2bd -R 50.0 -s NJ_Cities -b NJ_Counties -geo -o map.ppm)108 +144 Q F0 1.515(The georeference \214le generated will ha)108 168 R 1.815 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.516(he same base name as the).15 F F2(-o)4.016 E F0 +1.516(\214le speci\214ed, b)4.016 F 1.516(ut ha)-.2 F 1.816 -.15(ve a) +-.2 H F2(.g)6.666 E(eo)-.1 E F0 -.15(ex)108 180 S +(tension, and permit proper interpretation and display of).15 E F3(SPLA) +2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0 1.1 -.55('s .)D(ppm graphics in).55 E F3(Xastir)2.5 E +F0(softw)2.5 E(are.)-.1 E F1(GOOGLE MAP KML FILE GENERA)72 196.8 Q(TION) +-1.04 E F0 -2.15 -.25(Ke y)108 208.8 T .775 +(hole Markup Language \214les compatible with).25 F F3 .774 +(Google Earth)3.274 F F0 .774(may be generated by)3.274 F F3(SPLA)3.274 +E(T!)-.95 E F0 .774(when per)3.274 F(-)-.2 E +(forming point-to-point analyses by in)108 220.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G +(king the).2 E F2(-kml)2.5 E F0(switch:)2.5 E F4 +(splat -t wnjt -r kd2bd -kml)108 244.8 Q F0 .429 +(The KML \214le generated will ha)108 268.8 R .729 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .43(\ +he same \214lename structure as an Obstruction Report for the transmitt\ +er).15 F(and recei)108 280.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rs).15 G(ite names gi) +-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(n, e).15 E(xcept it will carry a)-.15 E F2(.kml)5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(tension.).15 E 1.619(Once loaded into)108 304.8 R F3 +1.619(Google Earth)4.119 F F0 1.618(\(File --> Open\), the KML \214le w\ +ill annotate the map display with the)4.118 F .567 +(names of the transmitter and recei)108 316.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.067(rs) +.15 G .568(ite locations.)-3.067 F .568(The vie)5.568 F .568 +(wpoint of the image will be from the position)-.25 F 1.317 +(of the transmitter site looking to)108 328.8 R -.1(wa)-.25 G 1.317 +(rds the location of the recei).1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.916 -.55(r. T).15 H +1.316(he point-to-point path between the).55 F .792(sites will be displ\ +ayed as a white line while the RF line-of-sight path will be displayed \ +in green.)108 340.8 R F3(Google)5.792 E(Earth)108 352.8 Q F0 1.844 -.55 +('s n)D -.2(av).55 G(ig).2 E .744(ation tools allo)-.05 F 3.243(wt)-.25 +G .743(he user to "\215y" around the path, identify landmarks, roads, a\ +nd other fea-)-3.243 F(tured content.)108 364.8 Q F1(DETERMIN)72 381.6 Q +-1.04(AT)-.219 G(ION OF ANTENN)1.04 E 2.738(AH)-.219 G(EIGHT ABO)-2.738 +E(VE A)-.548 E(VERA)-1.588 E(GE TERRAIN)-.602 E F3(SPLA)108 393.6 Q(T!) -.95 E F0 .947(determines antenna height abo)3.447 F 1.248 -.15(ve a) -.15 H -.15(ve)-.05 G .948(rage terrain \(HAA).15 F .948 (T\) according to the procedure de\214ned by)-1.11 F .167 -(Federal Communications Commission P)108 393.6 R .167(art 73.313\(d\).) +(Federal Communications Commission P)108 405.6 R .167(art 73.313\(d\).) -.15 F .166(According to this de\214nition, terrain ele)5.166 F -.25(va) -.25 G .166(tions along).25 F .794(eight radials between 2 and 10 miles\ \(3 and 16 kilometers\) from the site being analyzed are sampled and) -108 405.6 R -2.25 -.2(av e)108 417.6 T .614(raged for each 45 de).2 F +108 417.6 R -2.25 -.2(av e)108 429.6 T .614(raged for each 45 de).2 F .613(grees of azimuth starting with T)-.15 F .613(rue North.)-.35 F .613 (If one or more radials lie entirely o)5.613 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E --.1(wa)108 429.6 S(ter).1 E 2.911(,o)-.4 G 2.911(ro)-2.911 G -.15(ve) --3.061 G 2.911(rl).15 G .411 +-.1(wa)108 441.6 S .534(ter or o).1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.034(rl).15 G .535 (and outside the United States \(areas for which no USGS topograph) --2.911 F 2.911(yd)-.05 G .412(ata is a)-2.911 F -.25(va)-.2 G .412 -(ilable\), then).25 F .519 -(those radials are omitted from the calculation of a)108 441.6 R -.15 -(ve)-.2 G .519(rage terrain.).15 F .519(If part of a radial e)5.519 F -.519(xtends o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.019(rab).15 G .518(ody of)-3.019 F --.1(wa)108 453.6 S .012(ter or o).1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.512(rl).15 G .012 -(and outside the United States, then only that part of the radial lying\ - o)-2.512 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.513(rU).15 G .013(nited States land is) --2.513 F(used in the determination of a)108 465.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G -(rage terrain.).15 E .162 -(When performing point-to-point terrain analysis,)108 489.6 R F3(SPLA) -2.662 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .162(determines the antenna height abo)2.662 F .461 --.15(ve a)-.15 H -.15(ve)-.05 G .161(rage ter).15 F(-)-.2 E .407(rain o\ -nly if enough topographic data has already been loaded by the program t\ -o perform the point-to-point)108 501.6 R 3.712(analysis. In)108 513.6 R -1.211(most cases, this will be true, unless the site in question does n\ -ot lie within 10 miles of the)3.712 F(boundary of the topograph)108 -525.6 Q 2.5(yd)-.05 G(ata in memory)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E .491 -(When performing area prediction analysis, enough topograph)108 549.6 R +-3.034 F 3.035(yd)-.05 G .535(ata is a)-3.035 F -.25(va)-.2 G .535 +(ilable\), then).25 F +(those radials are omitted from the calculation of a)108 453.6 Q -.15 +(ve)-.2 G(rage terrain.).15 E .918(Note that SR)108 477.6 R .918(TM ele) +-.6 F -.25(va)-.25 G .918(tion data, unlik).25 F 3.418(eo)-.1 G .917 +(lder 3-arc second USGS data, e)-3.418 F .917(xtends be)-.15 F .917 +(yond the borders of the)-.15 F .866(United States.)108 489.6 R .867 +(Therefore, HAA)5.866 F 3.367(Tr)-1.11 G .867 +(esults may not be in full compliance with FCC P)-3.367 F .867 +(art 73.313\(d\) in areas)-.15 F +(along the borders of the United States if the SDF \214les used by)108 +501.6 Q F3(SPLA)2.5 E(T!)-.95 E F0(are SR)2.5 E(TM-deri)-.6 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G(d.).15 E .162(When performing point-to-point terrain analysis,) +108 525.6 R F3(SPLA)2.662 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .162 +(determines the antenna height abo)2.662 F .461 -.15(ve a)-.15 H -.15 +(ve)-.05 G .161(rage ter).15 F(-)-.2 E .407(rain only if enough topogra\ +phic data has already been loaded by the program to perform the point-t\ +o-point)108 537.6 R 3.712(analysis. In)108 549.6 R 1.211(most cases, th\ +is will be true, unless the site in question does not lie within 10 mil\ +es of the)3.712 F(boundary of the topograph)108 561.6 Q 2.5(yd)-.05 G +(ata in memory)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E .491 +(When performing area prediction analysis, enough topograph)108 585.6 R 2.991(yd)-.05 G .492(ata is normally loaded by)-2.991 F F3(SPLA)2.992 E -(T!)-.95 E F0 .492(to per)2.992 F(-)-.2 E .807(form a)108 561.6 R -.15 +(T!)-.95 E F0 .492(to per)2.992 F(-)-.2 E .807(form a)108 597.6 R -.15 (ve)-.2 G .807(rage terrain calculations.).15 F .807 (Under such conditions,)5.807 F F3(SPLA)3.307 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .807 (will pro)3.307 F .807(vide the antenna height abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G --2.25 -.2(av e)108 573.6 T .203(rage terrain as well as the a).2 F -.15 +-2.25 -.2(av e)108 609.6 T .203(rage terrain as well as the a).2 F -.15 (ve)-.2 G .203(rage terrain abo).15 F .503 -.15(ve m)-.15 H .203 (ean sea le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.704(lf).15 G .204 (or azimuths of 0, 45, 90, 135, 180, 225,)-2.704 F .162(270, and 315 de) -108 585.6 R .162 -(grees, and include such information in the site report generated.)-.15 -F .161(If one or more of the eight)5.161 F 1.259(radials surv)108 597.6 -R -.15(ey)-.15 G 1.259(ed f).15 F 1.259(all o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759 -(rw).15 G 1.259(ater or land outside the United States,)-3.859 F F3 -(SPLA)3.76 E(T!)-.95 E F0(reports)3.76 E F2 1.26(No T)3.76 F(err)-.92 E -(ain)-.15 E F0 1.26(for those)3.76 F(radial paths.)108 609.6 Q F4 -(SETTING THE MAXIMUM SIZE OF AN AN)72 626.4 Q(AL)-.219 E(YSIS REGION) --1.007 E F3(SPLA)108 638.4 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .971(reads SDF \214les into a\ - series of memory "slots" as required within the structure of the progr\ -am.)3.471 F .508(Each "slot" holds one SDF \214le.)108 650.4 R .508 -(Each SDF \214le represents a one de)5.508 F .508(gree by one de)-.15 F -.508(gree re)-.15 F .508(gion of terrain.)-.15 F(A)5.508 E F2 1.237 -(#de\214ne MAXSLO)108 662.4 R(TS)-.4 E F0 1.237 -(statement in the \214rst se)3.737 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.237(ral lines of) -.15 F F2(splat.cpp)3.737 E F0 1.236(sets the maximum number of "slots") -3.737 F -.2(av)108 674.4 S 2.412(ailable for topograph)-.05 F 4.912(yd) --.05 G 4.912(ata. It)-4.912 F 2.412 -(also sets the maximum size of the topographic maps generated by)4.912 F -F3(SPLA)108 686.4 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 5.883(.M)C(AXSLO)-5.883 E .883 -(TS is set to 9 by def)-.4 F 3.383(ault. If)-.1 F F3(SPLA)3.382 E(T!) --.95 E F0 .882(produces a se)3.382 F .882(gmentation f)-.15 F .882 -(ault on start-up with)-.1 F .78(this def)108 698.4 R .78(ault, it is a\ -n indication that not enough RAM and/or virtual memory \(sw)-.1 F .78 -(ap space\) are a)-.1 F -.25(va)-.2 G .78(ilable to).25 F(run)108 710.4 -Q F3(SPLA)3.119 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .618(with this number of MAXSLO)3.119 F -3.118(TS. In)-.4 F .618(this case, MAXSLO)3.118 F .618 -(TS may be reduced to 4, although)-.4 F .617 -(this will greatly limit the maximum re)108 722.4 R(gion)-.15 E F3(SPLA) -3.117 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .617(will be able to analyze.)3.117 F .617 -(If 118 me)5.617 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .618(bytes or more of).05 F -(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 126.62(are 20)-.1 F(January 2004)2.5 E(8)195.95 E -EP -%%Page: 9 9 +108 621.6 R .162 +(grees, and include such information in the generated site report.)-.15 +F .161(If one or more of the eight)5.161 F 1.004(radials surv)108 633.6 +R -.15(ey)-.15 G 1.004(ed f).15 F 1.004(all o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.504 +(rw).15 G(ater)-3.604 E 3.504(,o)-.4 G 3.504(ro)-3.504 G -.15(ve)-3.654 +G 3.504(rr).15 G -.15(eg)-3.504 G 1.004(ions for which no SDF data is a) +.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable,).25 E F3(SPLA)3.504 E(T!)-.95 E F0(reports) +3.505 E F2(No)3.505 E -.92(Te)108 645.6 S(rr).92 E(ain)-.15 E F0 +(for the radial paths af)2.5 E(fected.)-.25 E F1 +(RESTRICTING THE MAXIMUM SIZE OF AN AN)72 662.4 Q(AL)-.219 E +(YSIS REGION)-1.007 E F3(SPLA)108 674.4 Q(T!)-.95 E F0 .269(reads SDF \ +\214les as needed into a series of memory pages or "slots" within the s\ +tructure of the pro-)2.77 F 2.774(gram. Each)108 686.4 R .274 +("slot" holds one SDF \214le representing a one de)2.774 F .275 +(gree by one de)-.15 F .275(gree re)-.15 F .275(gion of terrain.)-.15 F +(A)5.275 E F2(#de\214ne)2.775 E(MAXSLO)108 698.4 Q(TS)-.4 E F0 .786 +(statement in the \214rst se)3.286 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .785(ral lines of) +.15 F F2(splat.cpp)3.285 E F0 .785(sets the maximum number of "slots" a) +3.285 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable).25 E .103(for holding topograph)108 710.4 +R 2.603(yd)-.05 G 2.603(ata. It)-2.603 F .104 +(also sets the maximum size of the topographic maps generated by)2.604 F +F3(SPLA)2.604 E(T!)-.95 E F0(.)A(MAXSLO)108 722.4 Q .242 +(TS is set to 9 by def)-.4 F 2.742(ault. If)-.1 F F3(SPLA)2.742 E(T!) +-.95 E F0 .242(produces a se)5.242 F .242(gmentation f)-.15 F .241 +(ault on start-up with this def)-.1 F(ault,)-.1 E(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q +121.625(are 20)-.1 F(December 2006)2.5 E(13)185.955 E EP +%%Page: 14 14 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(SPLA)72 48 Q 151.145(T!\(1\) KD2BD)-1.11 F -(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E 1.004 -(total memory \(sw)108 84 R 1.003(ap space plus RAM\) is a)-.1 F -.25 -(va)-.2 G 1.003(ilable, then MAXSLO).25 F 1.003 -(TS may be increased to 16.)-.4 F 1.003(This will)6.003 F .081 -(permit operation o)108 96 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.581(ra4).15 G(-de)-2.581 E -.081(gree by 4-de)-.15 F .081(gree re)-.15 F .081(gion, which is suf) --.15 F .082(\214cient for single antenna heights in e)-.25 F(xcess)-.15 -E(of 10,000 feet abo)108 108 Q .3 -.15(ve m)-.15 H(ean sea le).15 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(l, or point-to-point distances of o).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5 -(r1).15 G(000 miles.)-2.5 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ADDITION)72 124.8 Q -(AL INFORMA)-.219 E(TION)-1.04 E F0(In)108 136.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(king).2 -E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)2.811 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .311(without an)2.811 -F 2.811(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.811 G .311 -(uments will display all the command-line options a).18 F -.25(va)-.2 G -.31(ilable with the pro-).25 F(gram along with a brief summary of each.) -108 148.8 Q .332(The latest ne)108 172.8 R .332(ws and information re) --.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(rding).05 E F2(SPLA)2.832 E(T!)-.95 E F0(softw) -2.832 E .332(are is a)-.1 F -.25(va)-.2 G .332(ilable through the of).25 -F(\214cial)-.25 E F2(SPLA)2.833 E(T!)-.95 E F0(soft-)2.833 E -.1(wa)108 -184.8 S(re web page located at:).1 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(http://www) -2.5 E(.qsl.net/kd2bd/splat.html)-.74 E F0(.)A F1(FILES)72 201.6 Q/F4 10 -/Courier@0 SF($HOME/.splat_path)108 213.6 Q F0(User)144 225.6 Q -(-generated \214le containing the def)-.2 E -(ault path to the directory containing the SDF data \214les.)-.1 E F4 -(splat.lrp)108 242.4 Q F0(Def)144 254.4 Q(ault Longle)-.1 E -(y-Rice model parameters.)-.15 E F1 -.548(AU)72 271.2 S(THORS).548 E F0 -(John A. Magliacane, KD2BD <)108 283.2 Q F3(kd2bd@amsat.or)A(g)-.37 E F0 -(>)A(Creator)144 295.2 Q 2.5(,L)-.4 G(ead De)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(loper).15 E(Doug McDonald <)108 312 Q F3(mcdonald@scs.uiuc.edu)A F0(>)A -(Longle)144 324 Q(y-Rice Model inte)-.15 E(gration)-.15 E(KD2BD Softw)72 -768 Q 126.62(are 20)-.1 F(January 2004)2.5 E(9)195.95 E EP +(Softw)2.5 E 151.145(are SPLA)-.1 F(T!\(1\))-1.11 E .91 +(it is an indication that not enough RAM and/or virtual memory \(sw)108 +84 R .911(ap space\) is a)-.1 F -.25(va)-.2 G .911(ilable to run).25 F +/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SPLA)3.411 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .002 +(with the number of MAXSLO)108 96 R .002(TS speci\214ed.)-.4 F .001 +(In situations where a)5.002 F -.25(va)-.2 G .001(ilable memory is lo) +.25 F 1.301 -.65(w, M)-.25 H(AXSLO).65 E .001(TS may)-.4 F .019(be redu\ +ced to 4 with the understanding that this will greatly limit the maximu\ +m re)108 108 R(gion)-.15 E F1(SPLA)2.519 E(T!)-.95 E F0 .019 +(will be able)2.519 F .624(to analyze.)108 120 R .624(If 118 me)5.624 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G .624(bytes or more of total memory \(sw).05 F .623 +(ap space plus RAM\) is a)-.1 F -.25(va)-.2 G .623(ilable, then MAXS-) +.25 F(LO)108 132 Q .102(TS may be increased to 16.)-.4 F .103 +(This will permit operation o)5.103 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.603(ra4).15 G +(-de)-2.603 E .103(gree by 4-de)-.15 F .103(gree re)-.15 F .103 +(gion, which is suf-)-.15 F .426 +(\214cient for single antenna heights in e)108 144 R .426 +(xcess of 10,000 feet abo)-.15 F .725 -.15(ve m)-.15 H .425(ean sea le) +.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .425(l, or point-to-point distances).15 F(of o)108 +156 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(r1).15 G(000 miles.)-2.5 E/F2 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ADDITION)72 172.8 Q(AL INFORMA)-.219 E(TION)-1.04 E F0 +.332(The latest ne)108 184.8 R .332(ws and information re)-.25 F -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(rding).05 E F1(SPLA)2.832 E(T!)-.95 E F0(softw)2.832 E .332 +(are is a)-.1 F -.25(va)-.2 G .332(ilable through the of).25 F(\214cial) +-.25 E F1(SPLA)2.833 E(T!)-.95 E F0(soft-)2.833 E -.1(wa)108 196.8 S +(re web page located at:).1 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(http://www)2.5 E +(.qsl.net/kd2bd/splat.html)-.74 E F0(.)A F2 -.548(AU)72 213.6 S(THORS) +.548 E F0(John A. Magliacane, KD2BD <)108 225.6 Q F3(kd2bd@amsat.or)A(g) +-.37 E F0(>)A(Creator)144 237.6 Q 2.5(,L)-.4 G(ead De)-2.5 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G(loper).15 E(Doug McDonald <)108 254.4 Q F3(mcdonald@scs.uiuc.edu) +A F0(>)A(Longle)144 266.4 Q(y-Rice Model inte)-.15 E(gration)-.15 E +(Ron Bentle)108 283.2 Q 2.5(y<)-.15 G F3 -.45(ro)-2.5 G(nbentle).45 E +(y@earthlink.net)-.3 E F0(>)A +(Fresnel Zone plotting and clearance determination)144 295.2 Q +(KD2BD Softw)72 768 Q 121.625(are 20)-.1 F(December 2006)2.5 E(14) +185.955 E EP %%Trailer end %%EOF