4 4 16 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 13 3 14 12 1 15 2 7 10 4 9 11 6 8 5 This is generated by the 1/2 AWGN code (5 7) operated twice, ie, (xk+1 xki) [xk-1 xk-2] -> [xk+1 xki]. intermediate states: 00 21 02 23 00 21 02 23 10 31 12 33 10 31 12 33 output: 00 31 03 32 30 01 33 02 13 22 10 21 23 12 20 11 and in decimal: 0 13 3 14 12 1 15 2 7 10 4 9 11 6 8 5